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1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

miMt.t  itwuNiwii'aa 


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t'-'l 


THE 


FOSSIL  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA, 


WBit^  Jloteis  on  ^omc  Curopean  ^ptcit^. 


BY 


SAMUEL    H.   SCUDDER. 


IN  TWO  VOLUMES. 


Vol.  n. 


THE    TERTIARY    INSECTS. 


VJTII   TWENTY-KIGHT   PLATES. 


NEW  YORK: 

MACMILLAN    AND    COMPANY. 

1890. 


T 


I 


•    •••  •  • 

•  •  •  •  < 
••  •  •  « 
•    •  • 


-  \ 


>  •  •    •  •  •  • 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE   INTERIOR. 


REPORT 


OK  THK 


UNllTill)  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


OF 


THE   TERRITORIES. 


UNITED  STATES  G  EO  LOG  IST-INC  U  AKGE. 


VOLUME  XIII. 


I 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE. 

1890. 


■^'=570 


"PP^PM 


itm 


i 


UNITHI)  8TATK8  (iKOIAMlICAL  8URVKY  OF  THE  TKItUITOUIES. 


T  H  K 


TEKTIARY   INSECTS 


or 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


BX 


SAMUEL    H.    SCUDDER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE. 
1890. 


NOTE. 


Depaktmknt  of  thk  Intkrior, 

Unitki»  Stati-.h  (jIkolooical  Sitrvey, 

]Vmhhiylo)f,  D.  C,  May  16,  1890. 
On  the  27th  of  September,  1 882,  at  the  request  of  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden, 
the  completion  of  the  jjulilications  of  the  United  States  Geological  and 
Geographical  Survey  of  the  Territories,  formerly  under  his  charge,  was 
committed  to  the  charge  of  the  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey  by  the 
following  order  from  the  honorable  t'.'e  Secretary  of  the  Interior : 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Washington,  September  27,  1882. 
Maj.  J.  W.  Powell, 

Director  U  S.  Geological  Survey : 
Sir:  Tiie  letter  of  Prof  F.  V.  Lay  den,  dated  Juno  27,  bearing  your 
indorsement  of  July  20,  relating  to  the  UKpublished  rejjorts  of  the  survey 
formerly  under  his  charge,  is  herewith  returned. 

You  will  please  tak(i  charge  of  the  publications  referred  to  in  the  same, 
in  accordance  with  the  suggestions  made  by  Professor  Hayden. 

It  is  the  desire  of  this  office  that  these  volumes  shall  be  completed  and 
published  as  early  as  practicable. 
Very  respectfully, 

H.  M.  Teller, 

Secretary. 

Of  the  publications  thus  placed  in  charge  of  the  Director  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey  the  accompanying  volume  is  the  third  to  be 
issued,  the  preceding  being  "The  Vertebrata  of  the  Tertiary  Formations 
of  the  West,"  by  Edward  D.  Cope,  and  "  Contributions  to  the  Fossil  Flora 
of  the  Western  Territories,"  by  Leo  Jesquereux. 

J.  W.  Powell, 
6  Director. 


CONTENTS. 


PaRfc 

Letter  of  trnnamittal U 

lutroi  iction • 13 

Localities  where  Tertiary  iunects  have  been  fouad  in  America 17 

Myriapoda 43 

Arachnides 45 

Acarina 46 

Araneidea 48 

Neiiroptera 91 

Tliymmura 94 

Terrilltina 103 

Paocinn 117 

Eplieineridm 118 

Odonata 124 

P..iQipenuiu 146 

Trichoptera 170 

Orthoptera 201 

Forficnlariw 202 

BlattariiB 215 

Pbasmida 219 

Acridii 220 

Locustariie 227 

Gryllides 2M 

Heiniptera «i'C 

Coocidm 241 

Aphideii 242 

PsylUdiB 275 

Fnlgorina 278 

Jassides 302 

Cercopidn) 315 

CorixidiB 343 

Notoiiectidin 346 

(valgnlidiB 347 

VeliidiB 348 

Hydrobatidm 350 

Reduviidin.. 354 

TingididiB 357 

Acanthiidio 360 

CapsidiD 361 

Fliysapodes 371 

Lygaeidiu 374 

CoreidtD 411 

fentatomidm : 435 

7 


8 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Coleoptora 465 

Authri^idio ..■ 46r> 

ScolytidiB 46y 

Curoulionido) 471 

Otiorhynchidic  475 

Rhynchitidie 481 

Bbipiphoridae 482 

Tent.'jrionidiB 483 

Bruchidie 484 

OhrysoinelidoB 4S5 

Scarabieidie  487 

Ptinidie 491 

BnprestidtD 493 

ElateridiB 496 

ByrrhidsB 499 

NitidnlidiB 499 

Cryptopbagidte 501 

Cucujidffi 501 

Erotylidaj 502 

StaphylinidiB 503 

Hydropbilidie 510 

DytiBcidH! 517 

CarabidiB 517 

Diptera 539 

Lonob«BidiB 539 

OrtalidiB 540 

Scioniyzidip 542 

Helomy zidip 547 

Antbomyidic 548 

MiiBcidiic 551 

TaobinidH! 554 

PlalypezidiB  555 

Conopic'itB 555 

SyrphidiB 557 

Dolicbnpodidie 662 

CyrtidiB 563 

Asilidro 663 

Straliomyidie 666 

Tipulidii'. 568 

CbirouomidiE 578 

C'ulicidjB 582 

BibionidiB 583 

Mycetophilidis 586 

CecidomyidiB 600 

Lepidoptera 602 

TineidiB 602 

Hymenoptera 604 

Tentbredinida* , 604 

•^''alcididiB 604 

BraconidiB , 605 

Icbneiimonidti' 608 

MyrmisidiB 615 

FormicidiB 616 

Spbegidw   620 

Syatematic  list  of  speoibs  witb  tbeir  diHtribiitiun,  and  onmparis..n  wiib  otber  Hpecios,  liviug  and 

fossil 6il 

Plates 665 

Index 783 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Map  of  Tertiary  lake  basin  at  Florissant,  Colorado l^ntispieoe 

Plate  I.  Insects  from  bone  caves  itnd  interglacial  clays "  i\m 

H,  III.  Insects  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  British  Colnmbia 669-678 

IV.  Insects  from  miscel.laneous  Tertiary  deposits,  including  one  species  from  the  Lar- 
amie formation __„ 

V-X.  Insects  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Green  River,  Wyoming 675-686 

XI.  Araclmida  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant,  Colorado 687 

XII-XV.  Nenroptera  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 6«)-«96 

XVI,  X  v^Il.  Orthoptera  froui  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 697-700 

XVni-XXVIII.  Hemiptera  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  Florissant 701-728 

Figs.  1-3.  Planocephalas  aselloides ™, 

"""■••"••••"' • Ho 

9 


ERRATA. 


i^age  28,  line  eighteen, /or  speeiirens  rmd  species, 
i  age  71,  under  Araiica  coliinibiie.  fur  PI.  u  read  PI  2 

preruTLallrZrr"'"''^  '"'""'•""*^'^-  "--'»'"«  ^'-«""-""  '•«•«.»«  on  page  .03,  i..ne.nately 

Page  203,  line  three, /or  cricket  read  crickets 
cfar '"''  '*"'"  ^''»'"'— ".  "-n  .he  two  paragraphs  on  page  202.  i„.„.e.,iately  preceding  Forfi 

/or  15.  Anconotus  read  15.  Auconatus  "•"•anoon,  /or  IJ.  Amalanohuiu   read  13    Anialaiicon; 

KiS;'„rvt  n;:rirs:;ath;":'rc  "-^  •*"""'  -'"''  ■  ^"-^  '-"■«  --'^  *--  ♦<-  -  '<>■■« «« ^oad. 

Pafte  248,  in  three  headings,  /or Oeranohon  read  Ge.ancon 
Page  249,  m  heading,  for  Genmchon  read  Gerancon 
Pag9  A.6,  hue  twenty,  before  parts  i«»er«  except  at  base 

Page  3b2,  line  20.  for  referred  read  referable 

10 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Geological  Survey, 

Division  of  Fossil  Insects, 
Cambridge,  March  14,  1890. 

Sir:  It  is  a  source  of  great  regret  to  me  that  the  volume  herewith  trans- 
mitted could  not  have  been  published  during  Dr.  Hayden's  life.  It  con- 
tains the  first  fruits  of  an  undertaking  inspired  by  him  and  encouraged  by 
his  aid.  The  extent  of  the  task  he  intrusted  to  me  more  than  a  dozen  years 
ago  has  been,  with  the  interference  of  other  duties,  the  occasion  of  the 
delay  in  its  execution.  The  material  has  grown  beyond  all  expectation,  far 
beyond  anything  that  could  have  been  anticipated. 

As  originally  planned,  when  the  Florissant  beds  were  first  carefully 
exploited,  the  fossil  insects  other  than  those  from  Florissant  were  first  to  be 
disposed  of,  and  the  latter  were  then  to  be  taken  up  by  orders.  The  plates 
were  accordingly  executed  (before  the  completion  of  the  text)  with  that 
plan  in  view,  and  the  first  ten  plates  heroivith  transmitted  contain  very 
nearly  all  the  extra-Florissant  insects  known  ten  years  ago.  Since  then 
their  number  has  perhaps  doubled.  The  succeeding  plates  contain  the  lower 
orders  of  Florissant  arthropods,  ending  with  the  Hemiptera. 

The  text  has  been  made  to  conform  in  large  measure  to  the  same  plan, 

except  that  the  insects  of  difierent  localities  and  of  different  horizons  have 

been  arranged  in  one  systematic  series.    Descriptions  of  a  considerable 

number  of  species  have  been  introduced  for  completeness'  sake  which  are 

not  figured,  but  of  every  one  of  these  drawings  ha-e  been  finished  and  will 

be  given  in  some  future  publication.     The  early  portion  of  the  text  was 

written  many  years  ago — the  Arachnida  aud  Termitina  in  1881,  most  of 

the  Odonata  in  1882,  the  Ephemeridae  and  Planipennia  in  1883,  and  the 

Trichoptera  and  Orthoptera  in  1884;  and,  as  the  general  remarks  prefixed 

to  each  group  were  written  on  the  completion  of  the  study  of  that  group, 

and  would  now  have  to  be  modified  in  some  slight  particulars,  I  have 

thought  best  to  let  these  remarks  remain  as  written,  and  to  append  at  the 

11 


12 


LETTER  OF  TKAN8M1TTAL. 


end  of  each  general  paragraph  the  date  of  writing.  To  rewrite  the  whole 
would  unnecessarily  delay  the  appearance  of  the  work,  and  the  dates  will 
explain  otherwise  unaccountable,  though  generally  ver}'  slight,  omissions  of 
later  material. 

The  new  portions  of  the  Coleoptera,  Diptera,  and  Hynienoptera  were 
mostly  written  a  year  ago,  and  during  the  past  year  the  Hemiptera,  much 
the  most  extensive  group  in  the  volume,  have  been  elaborated.  In  the  four 
later  orders  the  general  remarks  ar.r'.  summaries  attached  to  the  genera, 
families,  etc.,  of  the  earlier  groups  are  omitted,  because  these  orders  will 
form  the  subject  of  future  separate  consideration,  and  the  basis  for  generaliza- 
tion will  then  be  greatly  increased;  the  representiition  of  these  orders  in  the 
present  volume  is  very  meager,  including  next  to  no  species  froui  Florissant. 

The  publication  of  this  volume  will  give  the  first  opportunity  for  any 
good  comparisons  between  the  long  known  Tertiary  insects  of  Europe  and 
those  of  any  other  country;  so  far  as  the  lower  orders  of  insects  are  con- 
cerned— the  only  ones  here  at  all  fully  elaborated — they  show  that  the  ma- 
terial already  gathered  within  the  last  two  decades  in  America  is  at  least  as 
rich  as  that  of  the  well  gleaned  fields  of  Europe.  The  present  volume  con- 
tains (descriptions  of  1  specios  of  Myriapoda,  34  of  Arachnida,  66  of  Neu- 
roptera,  30  of  Orthojjtera,  266  of  Hemiptera,  112  of  Coleoptera,  79  of  Dip- 
tera, 1  of  Lepi(loj)tura,  and  23  of  Hymenoptera,  in  all  612  species.  For 
the  lower  orders,  that  is,  those  here  fully  treated,  these  numbers  are  already 
slightly  in  excess  of  those  obtained  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  if  the  rich 
amber  fauna  of  the  Baltic  is  excluded;  for  the  corresponding  numbers  for 
the  European  species  from  the  rocks  would  be  approximately  as  follows : 
Myriapoda,  1 ;  Arachnida,  24  (recently,  however,  nearly  doubled);  Neu- 
roptera,  69;  Orthoptera,  36;  and  Hemiptera,  218;  a  total  of  338  species 
against  397  for  the.  American  rocks.  There  is  no  doubt  that  this  excess 
would  be  found  even  greater  in  the  higher  orders  by  the  material  already 
many  year^  in  hand ;  and  the  extent  of  the  insect-bearing  rocks  of  the 
West,  which  as  yet  have  been  touched  only  here  and  there,  is  so  immeas- 
urably greater  than  that  of  similar  European  strata  that  only  the  lack  of 
students  in  this  field  of  American  paleontology  can  prevent  our  deposits 
from  assuming  a  commanding  position  in  the  world. 
Very  respectfully,  yours, 

Samuel  H.  Scuddeb. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Powell, 

Director  U.  S.  Geohgical  Survey,  Washington,  D.  G. 


THE  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


By  Samuel  H.  Scuddes. 


INTRODUCTION. 

'"hat  creatures  so  minute  and  fragile  as  insects,  creatures  which  can  so 
feebly  withstand  the  changing  seasons  as  to  Hv^e,  so  to  specie,  but  a  moment, 
are  to  be  found  fossil,  engraved,  as  it  were,  upon  the  rocks  or  embedded  in 
their  hard  mass,  will  never  cease  to  be  a  surprise  to  those  unfamiliar  with  the 
fact.  "So  fragile,"  says  Quinet',  "  so  easy  to  crush,  you  would  readily  believe 
the  insect  one  of  the  latest  beings  produced  by  nature,  one  of  those  which  has 
least  resisted  tlie  action  of  time ;  that  its  type,  its  genera,  its  forms,  must  have 
been  ground  to  powder  a  thousand  times,  annihilated  by  the  revolutions 
of  the  globe,  and  perpetually  thrown  into  the  crucible.  For  where  is  its 
defense  !  Of  what  value  its  antennae,  its  shield,  its  wings  of  gauze,  against 
the  commotions  and  the  tempests  which  change  the  surface  of  the  earth  ? 
When  the  mountains  themselves  are  overthrown  and  the  seas  uplifted,  when 
the  giants  of  structure,  the  mighty  quadrupeds,  change  form  and  habit  under 
the  pressure  of  circumstances,  will  the  insect  withstand  them  I  Is  it  it 
which  will  display  most  character  in  nature?  Yes'  The  universe  flings 
itself  against  a  gnat.  Where  will  it  find  refuge  ?  In  its  very  diminutive- 
ness,  its  nothingness." 

The  pages  and  plates  of  the  present  volume  bear  testimony  to  the  fact 
that  our  tertiary  strata  have  preserved  remnants  of  an  ancient  host,  so 
varied  in  structure,  so  closely  also  resembling  their  brethren  of  to-day, 
that  nearly  or  quite  every  prevalent  family-group  in  the  entire  range  of  the 
insect-world  has  already  been  deircnstrated  to  have  then  existed.  While 
often  fragmentary  and  crushed,  sometimes  beyond  recognition,  a  not  in- 
significant number  are  sufficiently  preserved  for  us  to  repopulate  the  past ; 


'  £.  (iuinet :  La  Creation,  vol.  1,  p.  197. 


13 


14 


INTRODUCTION. 


Hometimes,  too,  are  they  preserved  in  such  a  wonderful  manner  that  in  tiny 
creatures  with  a  spread  of  wings  scarcely  more  than  a  couple  of  millimeters 
one  may  count  under  the  microscope  the  hairs  fringing  the  wings. 

In  attempting  thus  to  restore  the  past  world  of  our  insects,  two  or 
three  general  features  have  been  forced  upon  my  attention,  which  may 
well  be  mentioned  here.  One  of  them  is  the  remarkable  fact  that  in  hardly 
a  single  instance  has  the  same  species  been  found  at.  two  distinct  localities. 
These  localities,  it  is  true,  are  in  some  instances  separated  by  hundreds  or 
even  thousands  of  miles,  and  analogy  with  the  present  distribution  of 
insects  would  lead  us  to  expect  more  or  less  profound  changes  in  passing 
from  one  to  another.  But  at  other  times  the  distance  is  not  great,  or  at  any 
rate  not  great  enough  to  make  this  a  satisfactory  reason.  It  is  more  proba- 
ble that  the  bedsin  which  they  occur  are  not  altogether  synchronous ;  and 
we  are  led  to  believe  that  in  the  separation  of  liorizons  insects  will  give  more 
precise  and  definite  distinctions  t\>  -n  may  be  gained  by  the  study  of  the 
plant  remains  of  the  same  beds.  The  data  at  our  disposal  are  not  yet  suffi- 
ciently varied  to  enable  us  to  speak  with  any  confidence,  but  when  tiie 
other  groups  of  Florissant  insects,  not  considered  in  the  present  volume, 
are  worked  out,  and  Mie  new  material  that  is  a*  hand  from  the  other  princi- 
pal localities  has  been  fairly  studied,  it  may  be  found  that  we  are  armed 
with  a  new  weapon  of  attack  in  solving  the  immediate  succession  of  the 
Tertiary  series  of  tlie  West  in  their  finer  subdivisions. 

Another  point  to  which  attention  maybe  drawn  is  the  very  considerable 
number  and  quite  extraordinary  proportion  of  species  which  so  far  are  repre- 
sented by  a  sinu;le  specimen.  Leaving  out  of  consideration  certain  marvel- 
ously  prevalent  forms  in  the  beds  of  Florissant,  such  as  certain  Formicidse, 
Alydina,  etc.,  one  working  these  beds,  from  which  many  thousands  of  insects 
have  already  been  taken,  may  confidently  expect  that  evjry  third  or  fourth 
specimen  will  prove  something  new.  A  quite  similar  statement  can  be 
made  of  all,  or  all  but  one,  of  the  other  localities  where  insects  have  been 
found  in  our  Tertiary  deposits :  it  surely  indicates  that  with  all  the  rich 
results  of  the  explorations  so  far  undertaken  we  are  only  upon  the  threshold 
of  our  possible  knowledge.  We  find  a  richness  of  fauna  far  exceeding  any- 
thing before  supposed  possible. 

The  interest  of  the  Tertiary  fauna  is  further  enhanced  by  the  discovery 
that  no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  the  species  in  this  fauna  must  be  re- 


INTRODUCTION. 


16 


ferred  to  genera  not  now  extant.  Granted  that  our  knowledge  of  the  sub- 
tropical forms  of  this  continent  (with  which  as  a  whole  at  least  our  Floris- 
sant fauna  seems  to  be  akin)  is  much  too  meager  to  be  of  great  service ; 
granted  also  that  in  many  cases  we  are  forced  to  establish  new  genera  U|)on 
what  would  be  regarded  among  recent  animals  as  too  slender  grounds  :  it 
is  nevertheless  true  that  an  unexpectedly  large  number  of  ^forms  can  not  be 
forced  into  modern  genera  already  established ;  in  many  cases,  throughout 
whole  groups,  kindred  differences  from  modern  types  are  found  which  in- 
dicate considerable  changes  of  structure  in  the  intervening  epochs  along 
parallel  lines.  In  illustration  of  this  we  wotild  call  special  attention  to  the 
differences  observed  "'n  the  genera  of  plant-lice,  and,  in  several  places 
among  other  Hemiptera  as  well  as  among  the  Coleoptera,  to  the  decided  dif- 
ferences in  the  relative  length  of  various  members  of  the  body.  My  own 
belief,  which  springs  from  the  comparisons  instituted  in  the  study  of  this 
fauna,  is  that  a  much  larger  proportion  of  genera  should  really  have  been 
founded,  and  that,  for  every  type  which  may  turn  up  in  Central  American 
explorations  of  the  near  future  identical  with  those  now  established  upon 
the  fossils  alone,  it  will  be  necessary  to  separate  from  the  familiar  surround- 
ings in  which  I  have  placed  it  some  other  of  the  insects  from  the  same  beds. 

It  should  be  stated  that  the  larger  part  of  the  plates  in  this  volume 
were  engraved  before  the  insects  were  studied,  except  in  a  cursory  manner 
to  separate  the  species;  the  insects  are  therefore  not  always  properly 
grouped,  and  the  legends  upon  the  plates  are  in  part  inaccurate. 

In  the  enumeration  of  the  specimens  at  the  end  of  the  specific  descrip- 
tions the  numbers  of  the  obverse  and  reverse  of  the  same  specimen  are 
always  connected  by  "  and "  without  any  intervening  comma,  and  this 
typographical  method  is  employed  only  for  expressing  this  relation. 

In  the  study  of  these  extinct  insects  much  assistance  ims  been  received 
from  friends,  to  whom  my  cordial  thanks  are  due;  for  valuable  suggestions 
from  the  late  Dr.  J.  L.  LeConte,  from  Baron  R.  von  Osten  Sacken,  Edward 
Burgess,  Esq.,  and  Drs.  G.  H.  Horn  and  H.  A.  Hagen;  for  the  open  collec- 
tions of  the  late  G.  D.  Smith,  Esq.,  and  of  Messrs.  E.  P.  Austin  and  Samuel 
Henshaw;  and  for  important  aid  in  obtaining  typical  series  of  modern  insects 
in  various  groups  by  Messrs.  E.  P.  Austin,  P.  R.  Uhler,  E.  P.  Van  Duzee, 
Edward  Burgess,  Dr.  A.  Forel,  and  most  especially  Mr.  Samuel  Kenshaw. 


LOCALITIES  WHERK  TERTFARY  INSECTS  HAVE  BEEN  FOUND  IN  AMERICA. 

Florissant,  Colomih. — Tho  I'ertiivry  lako  biisin  at  Florissant,'  already 
famous  for  its  prolific,  beds  of  plants  and  insects,  is  situated  in  a  narrow 
valley  high  up  in  the  mountains  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Front 
Kange  of  Colorado,  at  no  great  distam^e  from  Pike's  I'eak. 

The  basin  is  shown  on  Sheet  l;{  of  the  geological  atlas  of  Colorado, 
published  by  Dr.  Hayden's  survey,  and  its  outlines  are  marked  with  con- 
siderable accuracy,  although  upon  a  comparatively  small  s(!ale.  The 
ancient  lake  lies  in  tho  valley  of  the  present  South  Fork  of  Twin  Creek, 
and  of  tho  upper  half  of  the  main  stream  of  the  same  after  the  South  Fork 
has  joined  it.  Following  tho  old  stage  road  from  South  Park  to  Colorado 
Springs,  and  leaving  it  just  above  tlie  railway  station  at  Florissant,  and 
then  taking  the  road  which  leads  over  the  divide  toward  Canon  City,  we 
pass  between  the  Platte  liiver  and  the  Arkansas  divide,  through  the  e.itire 
length  of  tho  basin.  This  road  crosses  the  South  Platte  a  short  distance, 
say  a  kilometer  and  ii  half,  below  the  mouth  of  Twin  Creek,  climbs  a  long 
gradual  slope  on  the  oast  bank  of  the  river  to  an  open  grassy  glade  about 
'l,Um  meters  above  the  sea,  and  then  descends  a  little  more  than  three  kilo- 
meters fronj  the  river  to  join  the  valley  of  Twin  Creek.  One  scarcely 
begins  the  descent  before  his  attention  is  attracted  by  the  outcroi)ping  of 
drab-colored  shales,  which  continue  until  almost  the  very  summit  of  tho 
dii«::j^  is  reached  and  the  descent  toward  the  Arkansas  begun,  a  traveling 
distance  of  not  far  from  13  kdometers.  The  shales  may  indeed  be  seen  for 
several  kilometers  on  the  farther  side  of  this  divide,  but  no  organic  remains 
have  yet  been  found  in  them. 

By  climbing  a  neighboring  peak,  thrice  baptized  as  Crystal  Mountain, 
Topaz  Butte,  and  Cheops  Pyramid,  and  known  to  the  old  miners  as  Slim 
Jim,  we  obtained  an  admirable  bird's-eye  view  of  the  ancient  lake  and  the 

'This  account  of  Florissant  is  taken  almost  bodily  from  a  paper  byTrofTArtliur  Lakes  an.l 
myself  (E'lU.  U.  S.  Geol.  .Siirv.  Terr.,  vol.  6,  ltj81,  pp.  279,  seq.). 

VOL  XIII )i  *' 


18 


TKIMIAKY   INaKCTrt  OK  NOUTII   AMKItlCA. 


HmToiiiKliiijf  ri'frion.  To  tlio  southenHt  \h  Piko*8  Peak  ;  to  the  went  Soutli 
Park  and  the  canon  of  tlio  South  IMatt(,  hIiowii  by  a  dcproHHion  ;  to  the 
uxtionio  Houfh  the  {,nan(l  cafion  of  the  AikauHaH;  wliilo  to  the  north  a  few 
.sharp,  ra<rge(l,  {frunito  pnakw  snrniount  the  low  wooded  IiiIIh  and  rftvincH 
characteristic  of  the  nearer  region.  Among  these  IuIIh  and  ravines,  and 
only  n  little  broader  than  the  rest  of  the  latter,  lies,  to  the  south,  the  ancient 
Florissant  Lake  basin,  marked  by  an  irregular  L-shaped  grassy  meadow, 
the  HoufluM  n  half  broader  and  more  rolling  than  the  northwestern,  the  latter 
more  broken  and  with  deeper  inlets. 

Recalling  its  ancient  condition  it  will  appear  that  this  elevated  lake 
must  have  been  a  beautiful,  though  .shallow,'  sheet  of  water.  Topaz  Hutte, 
and  a  nameless  lower  elevation  lying  eight  kilometers  to  its  southwest, 
which  we  may  call  Castello's  Mountain,  guarded  the  head  of  the  lake  upon 
one  side  and  the  other,  rising  IWO  or  400  meters  above  its  level.  It  was 
hemmed  in  on  all  sides  by  nearer  granitic  hills,  whose  wooded  slopes  came 
to  the  water's  edge ;  sometimes,  especially  on  the  northern  and  eastern  sides, 
rising  abruptly,  at  others  gradually  sloping,  so  that  reeds  and  flags  grew 
in  the  shallow  waters  by  the  shore.  The  waters  of  the  lake  penetrated  in 
deep  inlets  between  the  hills,  giving  it  a  varied  ai\d  tortuous  outline; 
although  only  about  IG^  kilometers  long  and  very  narrow,  its  margin  must 
have  measured  over  70  kilometers  in  extent.  Still  greater  variety  was 
gained  by  steep  promontories,  20  meters  or  more  in  height,  which  pro- 
jected abruptly  into  the  lake  from  either  side,  nearly  dividing  it  into  a 
chain  of  three  or  four  unequal  and  very  irregular  open  ponds,  running  in 
a  northwest-southeast  direction,  and  a  larger  and  less  indented  sheet,  as 
large  as  the  others  combined,  connected  with  the  southwesternmost  of  the 
three  by  a  narrow  channel,  and  dotted  with  numerous  long  and  narrow 
wooded  islets  just  rising  above  the  surface. 

The  ancient  outlet  of  the  whole  system  was  probably  at  the  southern 
::tremity ;  at  least  the  marks  of  the  lake  deposits  reach  within  a  few  meters 
of  the  ridge  which  now  separates  the  waters  of  the  Platte  and  Arkansas;  the 
nature  of  the  basin  itself,  and  the  much  more  rapid  descent  of  the  present 
surface  on  the  southern  side  of  this  divide  lead  to  this  conclusion.  At  the 
last  elevation  of  the  Rocky  ]\Iountain  chain  the  drainage  flow  of  this  imme- 
diate region  was  reversed  ;  the  elevation  coming  from  a  southerly  or  south- 

>  The  Hhti11o«rno88  of  the  lake  is  iudicatod  by  tlie  character  of  the  flgh,  the  auii  cracking  of  some 
of  tho  shales  and  the  errct  Ncqiioia  stiimiis. 


TUE  I-'LOUISSANT  LAKli  BABIN. 


19 


eaHterly  direction  (porliiipH  from  I'ikc'H  I'uiik),  tho  lake,  or  series  of  IiikoH, 
WH8  (IniiiKMl  dry  by  einptyiii;^'  uf  tlic  iiortlnvewtern  extremity.  Tlie  dniinajro 
of  the  valley  now  flowed  into  ii  brook  which  followod  the  deeper  part  of  its 
former  floor,  and  the  waters  of  tlu*  rejfion  have  since  emptied  into  tho  Platt(i 
and  not  the  Arkansas,  passin<«'  in  their  course  between  Topaz  Uutte  and 
Cnstello'w  Monntain. 

The  promontorieH  projecting  into  tho  lake  on  either  side  are  formed  of 
trach)te  or  other  volcanic  lavas,  apparently  occinTing  in  fissiu'es  directly 
athwart  tho  general  conrso  of  tho  northwestern  or  upper  series  of  lakes, 
and  masses  of  tho  same  occur  at  many  different  poinds  along  tho  ancient 
shore,  such  as  tho  western  corner  where  tho  watei-s  of  tlio  lake  were  finally 
discharged;  in  tho  neighborhood  of  tho  village;  along  tho  eastern  wall  of 
the  lowermost  of  tho  chain  of  upper  lakes,  near  where  tlrj  present  road 
divides;  and  at  points  along  both  eastern  and  western  walls  of  the  lower 
southern  lake.  In  general  tho  trachytic  flows  seom  to  bo  confined  to  tho 
edges  of  the  lacustrine  basin,  but  some,  if  not  all,  of  tho  mesas  or  ancient 
islands  of  the  southern  lake  have  trachytic  flows  over  them;  and  toward 
the  southern  extremity  of  tho  lake  what  was  once  a  larger  island  now  forms 
■I  rounded  hill  with  steep  northern  walls,  crowned  by  heavy  beds  of  dark 
trachyte,  and  its  slopes  covered  with  quantities  of  vesicular  scoria?.  The 
rough  and  craggy  knoll  immediately  overlooking  tho  present  village  of 
Florissant,  the  reputed  scene  of  Indian  combats,'  is  witness  of  hotter  times 
than  those;  vertical  cylindrical  holes,  with  smooth  walls,  in  which  a  man 
could  hide  from  sight,  funnels  scored  by  heat,  mark,  perhaps,  the  presence 
of  former  geysers;  the  basaltic  rocks  themselves  are  deeply  fissured  by  the 
breaking  up  of  tho  planes  of  divisions  between  the  columns,  affording  the 
best  protection  to  the  Ute  and  Arapahoe  warriors.  But  tho  very  shales  of 
the  lake  itself,  in  which  the  myriad  plants  and  insects  are  entombed,  are 
wholly  composed  of  volcanic  sand  and  ash;  15  meters  or  more  thick  they 
lie,  in  alternating  layers  of  coarser  and  finer  material.  About  half  of  this, 
now  lying  beneath  the  general  surface  of  the  ground,  consists  of  heavily- 
bedded  drab  shales,  wit!',  a  conchoidal  fracture,  and  is  totally  destitute  of 
fossils.  The  upper  half  has  been  eroded  and  carried  away,  leaving,  how- 
ever, the  fragmentary  remains  of  this  great  ash  deposit  clinging  to  the  bor- 
ders of  the  basin  and  surrounding  the  islands ;  a  more  convenient  arrange- 

'  Their  rude  fortiflcations  still  crown  tho  summit. 


20 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ment  for  the  present  explorer  could  not  have  been  devised.  That  the  aource 
of  the  volcanic  ashes  must  have  been  close  at  hand  seems  abundantly 
proved  by  the  difference  in  the  deposits  at  the  extreme  ends  of  the  lake  as 
will  be  ohown  in  the  sections  to  be  given.  Not  only  does  the  thickness  of 
the  beds  differ  at  the  two  points,  but  it  is  difficult  to  bring  them  into  any- 
thing beyond  the  mi»si  general  concordance. 

There  are  still  other  prools  of  disturbance.  Ai'ound  one  of  the  granitic 
islands  in  the  southern  lake  basin  the  shales  mentioned  were  capped  by  from 
one  and  a  half  to  two  and  a  half  meters  of  sedimentary  material,  reaching 
nearly  to  the  crownof  the  hill,  the  lowest  bed  of  which,  a  little  more  than 
three  decimeters  thick,  formed  a  regular  horizontal  stratum  of  small  vol- 
canic pebbles  and  sand  (A  and  B  of  Ur.  Wadswonh's  note,  further  on), 
while  the  part  above  is  much  coarser,  resembling  a  breccia,  and  is  very  un- 
evenly bedded,  pitching  at  evory  possible  angle,  seamed,  jointed,  and 
weather-worn,  curved  and  twisted,  and  inclosing  pockets  of  f^ne  laminated 
shales,  also  of  volcanic  ash,  in  which  a  few  fossils  are  found  (C  of  Dr.  Wads- 
worth's  note).  These  beds  cap  the  scries  of  i-egular  and  evenly  stratified 
shales  (D  of  the  same  note),  and  are  perhaps  synchronous  with  the  disturb- 
anca  which  tilted  and  emptied  the  basin.  The  uppermost  evenly  bedded 
hales  then  formed  the  hard  floor  of  the  lake,  and  these  contorted  beds  the 
softer,  bat  hardening,  and  therefore  more  or  less  tenacious,  deposits  on  that 
floor. 

The  excavation  of  the  filled-up  basin  we  must  presume  to  be  due  to 
the  ordinary  agencies  of  atmospheric  erosion.  The  islands  in  the  lower  laka 
take  now  as  then  the  form  of  the  granitic  nucleus;  nearly  all  are  long  and 
narrow,  but  their  trend  is  in  every  direction  both  across  and  along  the  val- 
ley in  which  they  rost.  Gi-eat  masses  of  the  shales  still  adhere  equally  on 
overy  side  to  tlie  rocks  against  which  they  were  deposited,  proving  that  time 
aione  and  no  rude  agency  has  degraded  the  ancient  floor  of  the  lake. 

The  shales  in  the  southern  basin  Up  to  the  north  or  northwest  at  an 
angle  ot  about  two  degrees,  and  according  to  the  contoiirs  of  the  Hayden 
Survey,  the  southern  end  of  the  ancient  lake  is  now  elevated  nciirly  two 
hundred  and  fifty  meters  iibovtj  the  extreme  nortnwestern  pomt.  The 
greater  part  of  this  present  slope  of  the  lake  border  will  bo  found  in  the 
southern  li  If,  where  it  can  not  fail  to  at  onc<^  strike  the  observant  eye,  the 
southerinnost  margin  close  to  the  summi*  of  the  divide  being  nearly  two 
hundred  meters  higher  than  the  margin  next  the  hill  by  the  forks  of  the  road. 


TUE  FLORISSANT  LAKK  HASIN.  21 

Our  examination  of  the  deposits  of  this  lacustrine  basin  was  principally 
made  in  a  small  hill,  from  which  perhaps  the  largest  number  of  fossils  have 
been  taken,  lying  just  south  of  the  house  of  Mr.  Adam  Hill,  now  owned 
by  Mr.  Thompson,  and  upon  his  ranch.  Like  the  other  ancient  isbts  of  this 
upland  lake,  it  row  forms  a  mesa  or  flat-topped  hill  about  ten  or  a  dozen 
meters  high,  perhaps  a  hundred  meten*  long  and  twenty -five  broad.  Ground 
its  eastern  base  are  some  of  the  famous  petrified  trees— huge,  Jipright  trunks, 
standing  as  they  grew,  which  are  reported  to  have  been  five  or  six  meters 
high  at  the  advent  of  the  present  residents  of  the  region.  Piecemeal  they 
have  been  destroyed  by  vandal  tourists,  until  now  not  one  of  them  rises 
more  than  a  meter  above  the  surface  of  the  ground,  aid  many  of  them  are 
entirely  leveled;  but  their  huge  size  is  attested  by  the  relics,  the  hvrgest  of 
which  can  be  seen  to  have  been  three  or  four  meters  in  diameter.  These 
gigantic  trees  appear  to  be  Sequoias,  as  far  as  can  be  told  from  thin  sections 
of  the  wood  submitted  to  Dr.  George  L.  Goodale.  As  is  well  known,  re- 
mains of  more  than  one  species  of  Sequoia  have  been  found  in  the  shales 
at  their  base. 

At  the  opposite  sloping  end  of  this  mesa  a  trench  was  dug  from  top  to 
bottom  to  determine  the  character  of  the  different  layers,  and  the  section 
exposed  was  carefully  measured  and  studied.  In  the  work  of  digging  this 
trench  we  received  the  very  ready  and  welcome  assistance  of  oiu  com- 
panion, Mr.  F.  C.  Bowditch,  and  of  Mr.  Hill. 

From  what  information  we  could  gain  about  the  wells  in  this  neigh- 
borhood and  from  a  shaft  sunk  obliquely  in  the  side  of  a  hill  near  the 
northwestei  n  extremity,  it  would  appear  that  the  present  bed  of  the  ancient 
Florissant  lake  is  entirely  similar  in  composition  for  at  least  ten  meters  below 
the  sinface,  consisting  of  heavily  bedded  non-fossil iferous  shales,  having  a 
conchoidal  fracture.  Above  these  basal  deposits,  on  the  slope  of  the  hill, 
we  found  the  following  series,  from  above  downward,  commencing  with  the 
evenb-  oedded  strata : 

SECTION  IN  SOUTHERN  LAKE. 

(i?«  S.  n.  Scndder  and  A.  /.ake».) 

Cfintiiret"!  It. 

1.  Finely  lamhmted,  evenly  bedded,  light-grsy  shale ;  planto  and  insects  scarce  and  poorly 

preserved 3  j 

2.  Light-brown,  soft  and  pliable,  fine  'trained  sandstone ;  uufossiliferous a 

3.  Coarser,  ferriiginons  sundstope;  nufossiliferons 3,8 

4.  Resembling  No.  1 ;  loaves  and  Insect  remains 21 

6.  Hard,  compaci.,  grayish-black  shale,  breaking  with  a  conchoidal  fracture,  seamed  in  the 

middle  with  a  narrow  strip  of  drab  shale ;  fragments  of  plants aS 


22 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


6.  Ferrii^inous  shale;  unfossiliferoug 1.5 

7.  Reaeiubtiug  No.  5,  but  buviug  uo  coachoidal  fracture;  stems  of  plants,  insects,  and  a  small 

bivalve  niollusk 9 

8.  Very  Bne gray  oohreous  shale;  non-fosailiferous O..") 

9.  Drab  shales,  iuterlaminated  with  fiuely  divided  paper  ahales  of  light-gray  color;  stems  of 

plantH,  reeds,  and  insects 46 

10.  Cruuibliug  uchroiius  shale;  leaves  abundant,  insects  rare 7.5 

11.  Drab  shales;  uo  fossils ^  7.5 

12.  Coarse,  ferruginous  sandstone;  uo  fossils 3.8 

13.  Very  hard  drab  shales,  having  a  conchoidal  fracture  and  tilled  with  nodules ;  unfossilif- 

erous 63 

14.  Finely  laminated  yellowish  or  drab  shales;  leaves  and  fragments  of  plants,  with  a  few 

insects , 30 

15.  Altuniatiug  layers  of  darker  and  lightergray  and  brown  ferruginous  sandstone;  nofossils..  10 

16.  Drab  shales;  leaves,  seeds,  and  other  parts  of  plants,  .rith  iusects,  all  iu  abundance  ....  61 

17.  Ferruginous,  porou.i,  sandy  shales;  no  fossils 5.7 

18.  Dark  gray  and  yellow  shales ;  leaves  and  otber  parts  of  plauts 9 

19.  luterstratided  shales,  resembling  17  and  Id;  leaves  and  other  parts  of  plants,  with  insects..  17.8 
20  Thickly  bedded  chocolate-colored  shales ;  no  fossils 41 

21.  Porous  yellow  shale,  iuterstralilied  with  seams  of  very  thin  dra'j'colored  shales;  plants  ..  7.5 

22.  Heavily  bedded  chocolate-colored  sb.tles;  uo  fossils 30 

23.  Thinly  bedded  drab  shales;  perfect  leaves,  with  perfect  and  imperfect  fragments  of  plants, 

and  a  few  broken  insects 20 

24.  Thinly  bedded  light  drab  shales,  weathering  very  light :  without  fossils 20 

25.  Thick  bedded  drab  shales,  breaking  with  a  canchoidal  fracture;  also  destitute  of  fossils..  18 

26.  Coarse  arenaceous  shale ;  unfossiliferous 9 

27.  Qray  saudstoue,  containing  decomposing  fragments  of  some  white  mineral,  perhaps  calcite  ; 

no  fossils 178 

28.  Coarse,  ferruginous,  friable  sandstone,  with  concretions  of  a  softer  material ;  fragments  of 

stems perhaps..  60 

29.  Thinly  bedded  drab  shales,  having  a  conchoidal  fracture,  somewhat  liguitic,  with  frag- 

ments of  rojts,  eic ' 25 

30.  Dark-chocolate  shales,  containing  yellowish  concretions;  filled  with  stems  and  roots  of 

plants  25 


Total  thickness  of  evenly  bedded  shales  ("  D,"  of  Dr.  Wadsworth's  note)  above  floor 
deposits ^  Meters).. 


6.668 


The  bed  which  has  been  most  worked  for  insects  and  leaves,  nnd  in 
wliich  thev  are  unquestionably  the  most  abundant  and  best  preserved,  is 
the  thick  bed,  No.  16,  lyiiij^  half-way  up  the  hill,  and  composed  of  rapidly 
alternating  beds  of  variously  colored  drab  shales.  Below  this,  insects  were 
plentiful  only  in  No.  19,  and  above  it  in  Nos.  7  and  9 ;  in  other  beds  they 
occurred  only  rarely  or  in  fragments.  Plauts  were  always  abundant  where 
insects  were  found,  but  also  occurred  in  many  strata  where  insects  were 
either  not  discovered,  such  as  Nos.  18  and  21  in  the  lower  half  and  No.  6  in 
the  upper  half,  or  were  rare,  as  in  Nos.  10  and  14  above  the  middle  and  No. 
23  below;  the  coarser  lignites  occurred  only  near  the  base. 

The  thickest  unfossiliferous  beds,  Nos.  20  and  27,  were  almost  uniform 
in  character  tliroughout,  and  did  not  readily  split  into  laminae,  indicating 
an  enormous  shower  of  ashes  or  a  mud  flow  at  the  time  of  their  deposition; 
their  character  was  similar  to  that  of  the  floor-beds  of  the  basin. 


THE  FLOK18SANT  LAKE  BASIN. 


23 


These  beds  of  shale  vary  in  color  from  yellow  to  dark  brown.  Above 
them  all  lay,  as  already  stated,  from  fifteen  to  twenty -live  decimeters  of 
coarser,  more  granulated  sediments,  all  but  the  lower  bed  broken  up  and 
greatly  contorted.  These  reached  almost  to  the  summit  of  the  mesa,  which 
was  strewn  with  granitic  gravel  and  a  few  pebbles  of  lava. 

Specimens  of  these  upper  irregular  beds,  and  also  of  the  underlying 
shales,  were  submitted  to  Dr.  M.  E.  Wadsworth,  of  Cambridge,  Massachu- 
setts, now  of  Houghton,  Michigan,  who  caused  thin  sections  to  be  made 
from  them  and  has  fumished  the  following  account  of  their  microscopical 
structure : 

TUFA  FROM  FLORISSANT. 

The  method  aad  scheme  of  classificatiou  employed  here  is  that  briefly  sketclied  in 
the  Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  (vol.  5,  pp.  275-287).  By  this 
system  only  do  we  think  that  the  inclosed  fragments  could  be  named,  for  they  contain 
so  few  crystals  that  in  most  cases  the  base  is  the  principal  thing  upon  which  the 
decision  must  rest. 

A.— The  finer  deposit  just  above  the  8uax£s. 

A  medium-grained  gray  tufa,  containing  crystals  and  fragments  of  feldspar, 
augite,  etc.,  cemented  by  a  tine  earthy  groundfuass. 

In  the  thin  section  it  is  seen  to  be  an  epitome  of  the  volcanic  rocks  of  the  Cordil- 
leras. The  groundmass  holds  fragments  of  basalt,  andesite,  trachyte,  and  rbyolite, 
with  detached  minerals  derived  from  them. 

The  basaltic  fragments  have  in  part  a  dense  globulitic  base  porphyritically  hold- 
ing ledge  formed  plagioclase  crystals  and  a  few  augite  granules.  Some  of  the  basalt  ie 
quite  coarsely  crystallized,  approaching  the  doleritic  type.  Olivine  was  observed  in 
some  of  the  fragments,  but  it  is  largely  altered  to  a  reddish-brown  serpentine.  Mag- 
netite is  abundant.  In  many  of  the  fragments  the  groundmass  has  decomposed  to  a 
reddish-brown  mass,  which  is  untrauspareut  and  holds  clear  crystals  of  plagioclase. 
The  basaltic  fragments  have  suffered  more  from  alteration  and  decoinpo8ition  than  any 
others  in  the  tnfa. 

Of  andesite,  both  varieties  pointed  out  by  us  (low.  cit.,  p.  280)  occur  in  this  tufa. 
The  first,  which  is  nearest  the  basalt  in  composition,  has  a  brown  jlass  as  its  base,  filled 
with  mierolites.  This  base  holds  minute  rtctangnlar  and  oblong  crystals  of  feldspar. 
Large  mierolites  of  augite  and  grains  of  magnetite  were  seen.  Fragments  of  this  are 
common,  and  are  clear  and  unaltered.  The  second  variety  of  andesite  was  seen  to 
have  a  dense  gray  micro-felsitic  base,  holding  ledge-formed  feldspars  and  magnetite 
grains.  Some  contained  the  reddish-brown  fibers  of  the  destroyed  hornblende.  Frag- 
ments of  this  variety  of  andesite  are  quite  abundant. 

The  trachyte  has  a  light  gray,felty,  and  glassy  base,  some  fragmenis  showing  be- 
sides this  only  faint  traces  of  polarization  caused  by  incipient  feldspars.  Other  frag- 
ments show  minute,  well-formed  crystals  that  appear  to  be  sanidin.  Grains  of  mag- 
netite occur  scattered  through  the  biwe.  This  is  also  quite  abundant,  and  it,  au  7,'8ll 
as  the  basalt  and  andesite,  surpasses  the  rhyolite  in  amount. 

The  rhyolite  occurs  in  the  form  of  a  more  or  less  clear  glass,  often  cellular.  The 
cells  are  often  drawn  out  in  the  direction  of  the  original  flow,  lurminga  libroiis  struct 


■i 


24 


TEKTIAltf  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


lire,  whicli  when  of  a  grayish  or  reddish  brown  color  resembles  woody  fiber.  Some  of 
the  fragments  contain  ellipitical  cells,  and  a  few  shards  of  water-clear  glasi  free  from 
inclusions  were  seen. 

Many  crystals,  entire  or  broken,  are  scattered  throughout  the  groundmass  of  the 
tufa.  These  crystals  belong  to  plagioclase,  sanidin,  olivine,  magnetite,  angite,  and 
quartz.  But  lilfj  quartz  was  observed  ;  one  crystal  contained  trichites  and  vapor 
cavities.  The  trichites  are  the  same  as  those  commonly  seen  in  the  quartz  of  granite, 
but  this  appears  to  have  been  derived  from  the  lava.  The  ieldspar  contains  inclu- 
sions of  base,  glass,  and  microlites,  and  through  these  tlie  rock  from  which  the  feld- 
spar was  derived  can  often  bo  told.  The  augites  have  the  characters  of  andesitic 
nugite.    A  little  palagonite  and  one  crystal  of  microline  were  seen. 

The  groundmass  of  the  tufa  is  composed  of  comminuted  and  decomposed  material 
derived  from  the  lavas  before  described.  I'l  the  groundmass  trachytic  and  rhyolitic 
material  appears  to  predominate. 

This  specimen  was  chosen  for  description,  as  it  best  represented  the  general  char- 
acters of  the  tufas. 

B. — Thk  coakser  deposit  just  above  the  shales. 

This  is  Miore  coarsely  fragmental  than  any  of  the  others,  and  is  composed  of  a  yel- 
lowish brown  earthy  groundmasi,  holding  fragments  of  quartz,  fe'  Ispar,  basalt,  etc. 
Some  of  the  f  agmcnts  r»ppear  to  belong  to  the  older  rocks,  but  none  of  them  were 
seen  in  the  section.  Under  the  microscope  the  tufa  is  similar  to  the  first  one  described, 
but  its  fragments  are  larger  and  sometimes  better  marked.  Somo  kaolinized  feldspars 
and  a  little  biotite  were  seen.  The  hornblende  in  the  aude-site  is  in  the  usual  broken 
forms,  with  blackened  edges. 

C. — A  SIMXIMKN    FROM    FIS'ER  PORTION   OK  THE   UPPER  CON'TORTED   REDS. 

A  yellowish  earthy  groundmass  holding  crystals  and  fragments  of  angite  and  feld- 
spar. On  one  side  is  a  layer  of  fiiu  detritus,  composed  of  the  same  material  as  the 
groundmass  of  the  more  coarsely  fragmental  portion.  Its  microscopic  characters  are 
similar  to  those  of  A,  except  that  its  materials  are  more  decomposed  and  sanidin  is 
more  abundant.    One  kaolinizsd  feldspar  was  observed. 

D.— TllIIEE   SPECIMENS   OF   TIIK  1XSKCT-8HALE8. 

Tliese  are  brownish  and  ,?rayi8h  brown  shales,  being  simply  the  finer  material  of 
the  tufas  laid  down  in  laminaj  of  varying  thickness  and  coarseness.  One  is  very 
thinly  bedded. 

This  volcanic  material  has  evidently  been  worked  over  by  water,  but  the  conditions 
can  of  course  best  be  told  in  the  field.  So  far,  however,  as  we  can  Judge  by  micro- 
scopic examination,  when  the  water  commenced  its  work  the  material  was  in  loose 
unconsolidated  deposits.  That  it  was  thrown  out  as  an  ash,  or  rather  deposited  as  a 
moya  near  its  present  location,  is  the  most  probable  supposition.  It  seems  then  to  have 
been  taken  up  by  the  waves  and  spread  out  as  it  is  now  found.  The  reason  for  this 
opinion  is  that  the  fragments  are  not  worn,  as  they  would  naturally  be  if  they  had 
been  derived  directly  from  solid  rock  by  water  action,  and  the  decomposition  is  not  so 
great  as  we  should  expect.  The  deposition  appears  to  have  been  gentle  but  compara- 
tively apid,  for  there  is  no  sign  of  violence  or  even  of  such  decomposition  as  we  should 
expect  in  slow  deposition ;  sind  showers  of  ashes  falling  on  still  water  or  a  lake  acting 
ou  an  unconsolidated  tufa  bank  answer  best  the  conditions  called  for  here.    It  is 


THE  FLORISSANT  LAKE  BASIN.  25 

probable  from  the  kaolinized  feldspars  ami  tbe  macroscopic  fraginente  of  apparently 
older  rocks  that  tbe  latter  are  present  in  tbe  tufa  to  some  extent.  This  can  best  be 
explained  by  the  supposition  that  it  was  deposited  as  a  moya  or  inudflow  within  reach 
of  tbe  waters  that  have  worked  it  ever  and  deposited  it  in  its  present  position.  As  we 
said  before,  tbe  field  evidence  must  be  relied  upon  mainly  in  deciding  such  qnestions 

as  these. 

M.  E.  Wadsworth. 
Oambridgb,  Massachusetts,  April  15,  1880. 

Another  section,  less  carefully  measured  and  noted  with  less  detail  than 
the  other,  was  taken  at  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  promontories  jutting  in 
a  southwesterly  direction  into  tiie  middle  of  the  upper  chain  of  lakes,  about 
three  kilometers  west  -^^  ^'^'i  present  post-office.  The  top  of  the  hill  was 
covered  with  granitic  gravti  and  loose  bowlders  of  dark  scoriaceous  trachyte; 
below  this  we  found,  passing,  as  before,  from  above  downward,  tiie  following 
succession: 

SECTION  IN  THE  NORTHWESTERN  LAKE. 

(By  S.  11.  Scuddir  and  A.  Lakes.) 

Decimeters 
(estimated). 

1.  Finely  laminated  yellow-drab  8liale§;  no  fossils 12 

3.  Coarse  decomposing  yellowish  shales;  no  fossils 13 

3.  Fine  compact  drab  shales;  perfect  remains  of  plants  and  insects 15 

4.  A'.-enaceons  shales;  very  lignitic 6 

5.  Heavily. beddid,  coarse-grained,  orambling  sandstone,  of  a  grayish-yellow  and  whitish  color,  be- 

coming fen'uginons  in  places;  partially  lignitic 60 

6.  Chocolate  and  drab  colored  shales  having  a  conchoidal  fractore,  passing-below  into  whitish  paper- 

like shales  inclosed  between  coarse  arenaceous  laminno ;  plants  and  insects 45 

Total  thickness  of  shales  above  flooY  deposits.    (&.etors,  estimated)  15 

These  measurements,  being  estimated,  are  undoubtedly  too  great.  The 
composition  of  this  bluff  is  coarser  in  character  than  that  of  the  section  in 
the  southern  extension  of  the  lake.  The  lignitic  beds,  which  have  been 
used  for  quarrying  purposes,  contain  numerous  fragments  of  reeds  and 
roots  not  well  preserved.  The  lower  portions  of  the  section  coridspc  id 
better  with  the  other  than  do  the  upper  beds,  where  it  is  difficult  to  trace 
any  correspondence ;  No.  3  of  the  northwestern  seems,  however,  to  corre- 
spond to  No.  16  of  the  southern  series.  The  whitish  paper  shales  lying  at 
the  base  of  this  appear  to  be  entirely  absent  from  the  southern  section,  and 
the  distorted  beds  which  crown  the  mesa  are  not  apparent  in  the  bluff,  or, 
if  present,  are  wholly  regular.  A  more  careful  and  detailed  section  of  the 
bluff  (for  which  we  had  not  time),  and  particularly  the  tracing  of  the  beds 
along  the  wall  of  the  lake,  would  probably  bring  to  light  better  correspond- 
ences. 


26 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Judging  from  the  present  physical  condition  of  the  basin,  its  age  is 
marked  as  later  than  the  movements  whicn  closed  the  Cretaceous  epoch  and 
earlier  than  the  last  upheaval  in  the  Tertiary,  which  seems  to  have  taken 
place  during  or  after  Miocene  times,  but  there  are  no  physical  data  yet  at 
hand  to  warrant  definite  conclusions  on  this  head. 

The  insects  preserved  in  the  Florissant  basin  are  wonderfully  numer- 
ous, this  one  locality  having  yielded  in  a  single  summer  more  than  double 
the  number  of  specimens  which  the  famous  localities  at  Oeningen,  in  Bava- 
ria, furnished  Heer  in  thirty  years.  Having  visited  both  places  I  can  tes- 
tify to  the  greater  prolificness  of  the  Florissant  beds.  As  a  rule  the  Oen- 
ingen specimens  are  better  preserved,  but  in  the  sain  amount  of  shale  we 
still  find  at  Florissant  a  much  larger  number  of  satisfactory  specimens  than 
ut  Oeningen,  and  the  quarries  are  fifty  times  as  extensive  and  far  more 
easily  worked. 

The  examination  of  the  immense  series  of  specimens  found  at  Floris- 
sant has  not  yet  critically  covered  the  whole  field.  It  may,  nevertheless, 
be  interesting  to  make  the  single  comparison  with  the  Oeningen  insect 
fauna  which  the  number  of  individuals  will  furnish.  This  is  indicated  by 
the  following  table : 


Percentage  of  representation  by — 


Hymenoptera 
Lepidoptera . 

Diptera 

Coleoptera  . . 
Hemiptera  - . 
Nenroptera . . 
Orthoptera  . . 
Arachnida... 


At  Flo- 
rissant. 


40 

0.04 
30 
13 
U 

5 

0.2.5 

o.as 


At  Oen- 
ingen. 


14 

0.1 

7 

48 
12 
17 

3 

0.5 


99.54 


I 


101.6 


It  will  be  seen  that  in  all  the  orders  that  are  well  represented  the  pro- 
portion of  specimens  of  each  is  very  difierent,  with  the  sole  exception  of 
the  Hemiptera,  while  the  same  groups  (Orthoptera,  Ara«.nnida,  and  Lepi- 
doptera) are  feebly  represented  in  both.  The  greatest  difference  occurs  in 
the  Diptera,  which  are  less  than  7  per  cent,  of  the  whole  at  Oeningen  and 
about  30  per  cent,  at  Florissant;  in  the  Hymeroptera,  which  have  less  than 
14  per  cent,  at  Oeningen  and  40  per  cent,  at  P'lorissant,  due  largely  to  the 


THE  FLORISSANT  LAKE  BASIN. 


27 


prodigious  number  of  ants;  while  the  case  is  reversed  in  Coleoptera,  which 
form  nearly  one-half  the  specimens  found  at  Oeningen  and  only  13  per 
cent,  at  Florissant.  We  possess  no  count  of  the  specimens  found  at  Rado- 
boj,  in  Croatia,  which  is  regrettable,  since  the  fauna  of  Florissant  appears 
to  agree  much  better  with  it  than  with  any  other  in  one  or  two  points,  such 
as  the  comparatively  minor  part  played  by  the  Coleoptera  and  the  great 
number  of  ants;  these  latter  number  fifty-seven  species  in  Radoboj,  and  five 
hundred  specimens  have  been  found  of  one  of  them.  Still  the  comparison 
can  not  be  carried  very  closely  into  other  departments;  for  instance,  only 
one  rhynchophorous  coleopteron  has  been  reported  from  Radoboj,  while 
they  are  very  numerous  and  rich  in  species  at  Florissant,  and  local  causes 
must  have  had  much  to  do  with  the  fauna  of  each  of  these  localities.  It  is 
hardly  worth  while  to  institute  any  inquiries  into  the  proportion  of  tl>e 
groups  represented  at  Florissant  and  in  amber,  fiince  the  nature  of  the 
entombment  is  entirely  different. 

Since  so  far  as  the  Florissant  insects  are  concerned  only  the  lower 
orders  are  reported  upon  in  the  present  volume,  it  may  be  worth  while  to 
present  a  rapid  sketch  of  the  higher  orders,  to  complete  in  however  imper- 
fect a  way  the  partial  view  of  the  Florissant  insect  fauna  which  the  volume 
affords. 

About  three-fifths  of  the  Coleoptera  belong  to  the  normal  series  and 
two-fifths  to  the  rhynchophorous  division.  There  are  eighty  to  ninety  spec- 
imens of  Carabidae,  including,  perhaps,  twenty-five  species;  many  of  them  are 
very  fine  and  perfect,  especially  in  the  sculpturing  of  the  elytra.  Water- 
beetles  are  not  so  numerous  as  would  be  anticipated;  indeed,  there  are  very 
few  specimens,  with  perhaps  half  a  dozen  species;  there  are  no  large  species 
such  as  occur  abundantly  at  Oeningen;  the  largest  of  our  species,  perhaps 
an  Hydrophilus,  not  exceeding  twelve  millimeters  in  length.  The  Staphy- 
linidsB  are  rather  more  numeious  than  the  ground-beetles,  with  over  thirty 
species,  some  of  them  tolerably  large.  There  are  half  a  dozen  species  of 
Nitidulidae.  Some  sixty  or  more  Scarabjeida?  show  considerable  variety, 
there  being  nearly  thirty  species  among  them.  Nearly  as  many  Buprestidae 
have  quite  as  great  variety  of  form;  a  consi'^erable  number  of  them  are  large 
and  nearly  all  fairly  preserved,  some  remarkably  perfect;  one  species,  Chry- 
sobothris  Laydeni,  has  been  described.  Elateridae  are  more  abundant,  num- 
bering more  than  one  hundred  species,  many  of  them  in  beautiful  condi- 


28 


TBttTIABir  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tion ;  they  are  abundant  in  species,  over  for  having*  been  separated,  and 
are  mostly  of  a  mediuni,  none  of  a  larjje,  size.  Considerably  over  one 
hundred  specimens  are  to  be  referred  to  the  Meloida;,  Mordellid.T,  and  Mala- 
codermata,  but  the  specimens  do  not  appear  to  be  very  well  preserved, 
although  about  forty  species  may  be  distinguished.  The  Cerambycidte  are 
very  bea  tlful,  furnishing  thirty  or  more  specimens,  representing  more  than 
half  SIS  mnny  species;  one  fine  species  of  a  new  extinct  genus,  Parolamia 
rudis,  has  already  been  described,  and  there  are  others  equally  fine.  There 
are  a  dozen  or  more  species  of  Bruchidfp,  one  of  which,  Spermophagus  vivi- 
ficatus,  has  been  published.  Chrysomelidae  are  not  uncommon  ;  thus  far  I 
have  recognized  about  two  dozen  species  among  the  sixty  or  eighty  speci- 
mens; one,  Oryctoscirtetes  protogseus,  belonging  to  a  new  genus,  has 
already  been  published.  Nearly  twenty  species  of  Tenebrionidaj  have  been 
separated,  rarely  represented  by  more  than  a  single  specimen  each,  and 
there  are  also  a  few  (from  two  to  ten  species  each)  of  Silphidic,  Histerida;, 
DermestidsB,  Ptinida^,  and  Coccinellida-,  and  a  single  species  each  of  Clerid.T 
and  Telephorida;,  the  latter  already  described  under  the  name  of  Chauliog- 
nathus  pristiruis.  Two  specimens  of  Rhynchophora,  Anthonomus  defossus 
and  Eurhiruis  occultus,  have  been  described ;  I  have  already  mentioned 
the  predominance  of  this  type  in  opposition  to  the  European  Tertiaries;  the 
species  are  very  numerous,  nearly  one  hundred  and  twenty  having  been 
separated,  with  over  five  hundred  specimens,  and  among  them  are  a  goodly 
number  of  large  and  fine  species;  but  some  of  the  minutest  are  most  admi- 
rably preserved ;  especially  is  this  true  of  the  sculpturing  of  the  thorax  and 
elytra;  no  attempt,  however,  has  yet  been  made  to  do  more  than  rudely 
separate  the  species,  so  that  no  details  can  now  be  given. 

Nearly  a  third  of  all  the  specimens  I  have  seen  from  Florissant  belong 
to  the  Diptera.  Culicidae  and  Chironomidae  are  abundant,  but  not  gener- 
ally very  perfect.  Tipulidae  are  abundant  and  admirably  preserved;  of 
the  larger  forms  alone  there  appear  to  be  several  hundred  specimens,  and 
appaiently  a  considerable  number  of  species ;  the  smaller  Tipulidae, 
including  the  Limnobina,  ai*e  also  abundant  and  well  preserved.  Many 
beautiful  Mycetophilidse  occur,  probably  twenty  or  thirty  species.  Bibi- 
onidse  are  the  prevailing  type  among  the  Diptera;  there  must  be  a  thousand 
specimens  belonging  to  this  family,  and  on  a  cursory  view  there  appears  to 
be  no  great  variety ;  probably  both  here  and  in  the  ants,  as  in  some  gen- 


THE  FLORISSANT  LAKK  IJASIN. 


29 


cm  of  plants,  it  will  appear  that  there  are  vast  numbers  of  u  single  species ; 
a  great  many  specimens  are  represented  by  bodies  only,  or  these  accom- 
panied by  insignificant  fragments  of  wings,  but  even  putting  all  these  aside 
there  remain  a  goodly  number  with  tolerably  perfect  wings,  and  some  in 
which  almost  every  part  of  the  body  is  preserved ;  taken  as  a  whole,  how- 
ever, they  are  perhaps  less  perfect  than  specimens  of  almost  any  other  fam- 
ily. There  are  a  dozen  or  more  Stratiomyidte,  of  two  or  three  species,  and 
sevcal  species  of  Midasidsc  or  Hirmoneuridae,  one  admirable  specimen  of 
the  latter  family  having  been  described  as  belonging  to  a  new  genus  under 
the  name  of  Palembolus  florigerus.  There  are  nearly  half  a  hundred  Asi- 
lidae  and  Therevidjt,  many  of  tiiem  exquisitely  preserved,  some  of  great 
size,  and  among  them  a  fair  variety  of  forms.  Bombylidsc  are  somewhat 
less  abundant,  but  show  some  superb  specimens  of  great  size  and  in  won- 
derful preservation ;  there  are  certainly  six  or  eight  species.  Syrphidse  are 
more  abundant  than  the  last,  nearly  fifty  specimens  having  been  found  in 
which  the  patterns  of  the  abdominal  colors  are  generally  well  marked,  and 
among  v/hich  we  find  a  considerable  variety;  they  have  been  studied  by 
one  very  familiar  with  that  group.  Dr.  S.  W.  Williston,  and  the  results  of 
his  examinations  are  given  in  his  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Syrphidse 
(pp.  281-283),  published  by  the  U.  S.  National  Museum.  There  is  a  vast 
host  of  Muscidie  and  allied  groupts,  of  which  no  account  has  yet  bt;en  taken, 
and  with  which  no  doubt  many  other  forms  are  still  commingled,  but  three 
or  four  species  of  very  pretty  Ortalidaj  may  be  mentioned  with  ten  or  a 
dozen  specimens,  and  there  are  a  large  number  of  Empidse. 

A  few  Lepidoptera  occur.  The  butterflies,  seven  in  number,  have  been 
described  in  the  Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the  present  Geological  Survey. 
They  all  represent  distinct  and  extinct  genera.  Six  of  the  seven  belong  to 
the  Nymphalidai,  the  seventh  to  the  Pierinaj.  Of  the  Nymphalidaj  all  but 
one  are  Vanessidi.  The  exception  is  of  special  interest,  since  it  belongs  to 
the  Libytheinse,  the  family  of  living  butterflies  the  most  meager  in  numbers, 
though  found  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe.  To  be  able  to  add  that  still 
an  eighth  butterfly,  found  since  the  others  were  described,  belongs  to  a 
second  extinct  genus  of  Libytheinse  (which  I  have  called  Barbarothea)  is 
certainly  marvelous.  Besides  these  I  have  set  aside  about  a  dozen  speci- 
mens of  perhaps  eight  species  of  moths,  but  they  are  obscure,  mostly  of 
small  size,  perhaps  Pyralidae  or  Tortricidae,  and,  excepting  one  described  in 


30 


TKUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTU  AMERICA. 


this  work,  have  not  been  critically  studied.  A  single  caterpillar  has  been 
found,  and  the  structure  ot'  its  skin  has  been  studied  by  Dr.  C.  S.  Minot,' 
but  without  any  very  satisfactory  results. 

No  Hynienoptera  have  yet  been  described.  About  a  do^en  specimens 
are  referred  to  Apidic  and  Andrenidic ;  several  species  are  represented,  but 
most  of  them  are  badly  preserved ;  the  lai-j^est  appears  to  be  a  Bombus. 
Of  Vespidai  and  other  large  wasp-like  Hymonoptera  about  seventy  or 
eighty  specimens  have  been  found,  referable  to  about  thirty  species,  one  of 
which  is  a  large  Scolia  or  allied  genus;  several  are  Sphegido;,  including  an 
Ammophila;  one,  which  seems  to  be  a  Polistes,  shows  traces  of  a  blue- 
green  metallic  tint;  another,  api)arently  one  of  the  Pompilida3,  represents  a 
species  with  a  large  subapical  fuliginous  spot  on  the  wing;  another,  perhaps 
of  the  same  family,  has  a  circular  clear  spot  in  the  center  of  the  wing,  sur- 
rounded with  fuliginous.  The  ants  are  the  most  numerous  oi'  all  insects  at 
Florissant,  comprising,  perhaps,  a  fourth  of  all  the  specimens;  they  form 
more  than  three-fourths,  perhaps  four-fifths,  of  all  the  Hynienoptera ;  I 
have  already  about  four  thousand  specimens  of  perhaps  fifty  species  (very 
likely  many  more);  they  are  mostly  Formicida),  but  there  are  not  a  few 
Myrmicidic  and  some  I'oneridje.  I  have  noticed  no  Mutillida;.  Ichneu- 
monida3  are  very  numerous ;  of  minuter  forms,  having  an  expanse  of  wing 
of  less  than  a  centimeter,  there  are  nearly  two  hundred  specimens,  unusually 
well  preserved ;  judging  from  a  cursory  examination  they  are  exceedingly 
numerous  in  species,  perhaps  nighty  all  told,  and  many  genera  are  repre- 
sented; the  larger  forms,  whose  wings  expand  more  than  a  centimeter,  are 
even  more  numerous  both  in  species  and  individuals,  and  most  of  them  are 
very  fine,  including  a  great  variety,  among  which  are  especially  noticeable 
a  good  assortment  of  species  of  Pimpla  and  allied  genera  ;  I  have  looked 
in  vain  for  Pelecinus,  or  any  long-tailed  Rhyssse  or  Thalessae.  The  Bra- 
conidaj,  Chalcididtn,  Cy/iipidaj,  and  Chrysidse,  exceeding!}'  few  fossil  spe- 
cies of  which  have  e'  er  been  described,  are  very  abundant,  but  have  not 
been  fairly  separated  from  each  other  and  from  other  small  species; 
together  they  number  ne'uiy  two  hundred  and  fifty  specimens  and  probably 
fifty  species;  among  others  there  is  a  Chrysis,  showing  metallic  green 
reflections  on  the  abdomen,  and  also  more  than  naif  a  dozen  species  of 
Chalcididse,  with  expanded  femora,  represented  by  over  twenty  specimens. 

>  Arcb.  f.  mikr.  Anat.,  vol.  28,  pp.  46-47,  1886. 


TIJE  FLOUIHSANT  LAKE  BASIN. 


81 


Finally,  there  are  about  sixty  Tenthredinida!  of  fourteen  or  fifteen  species 
and  several  getiera,  bcHides  a  single  species  of  Uroceridai. 

Animal  remains  besides  those  of  insects  are  rare  at  Florissant.  The 
most  abundant  is  a  species  of  thin-shelled  Planorbis,  which  is  not  uncom- 
mon, and  always  occurs  in  a  more  or  less  crushed  condition;  it  is  the  only 
moUusk  yet  found  there  (excepting  a  Physa  or  allied  form  and  a  single 
small  specimen  of  a  bivalve*,  referred  to  above  in  the  section  from  the  south- 
ern lake),  and  according  to  Dr.  C.  A.  White  is  probably  undescribed,  al- 
though very'siinilar  to  a  species  found  in  the  Green  River  shales,  differing 
from  it  principally  in  its  smaller  size. 

Fishes  rank  next  in  numbers.  Eight  species  have  been  found,  belong- 
ing to  four  genera.  Of  Amiidae  we  have  Araia  scutata  and  A.  dictyocephala ; 
of  Cyprinodonts,  Trichophanes  foliarum  and  T.  copei;  of  Catostomidw, 
Amyzon  pandatum,  A.  commune,  and  A.  fusiforme;  and  of  Siluridee,  Rhin- 
eastes  pectinatus.  All  the  species  have  been  described  by  Cope,  excepting 
T.  copei,  which  was  published  by  Osborn,  Scott,  and  Speir. 

Several  bird's  feathers  have  been  found  in  these  beds,  and  a  single  tol- 
erably perfect  passerine  bird,  with  bones  and  feathers,  has  been  described 
by  Mr.  J.  A.  Allen  under  the  name  of  Palreospiza  bella,  and  admirably 
illus'.rated  by  Blake.  No  other  figure  of  a  Florissant  animal  has  yet  been 
published.  Besides  these,  Cope  has  described  a  plover,  Charodinus  shep- 
pardianus,  and  writes  that  a  finch  is  also  found  in  these  beds. 

The  plants,  though  less  abundant  than  the  insects,  are  exceedingly 
numerous,  several  thousand  specimens  having  been  studied  by  the  late  Mr. 
Leo  Lesquereux.  About  one  hundred  and  sixty  species  have  been  described 
or  indicated,  of  which  the  apetalous  plants  show  the  larger  number,  sixty- 
eight  species;  the  next  most  abundant  group  is  the  polypetalous  division, 
forty  species,  the  gamopetalous  having  twenty -five,  the  Coniferse  eight,  and 
the  lower  plants  nineteen  species. 

Among  the  exogenous  plants  the  following  polypetalous  families  are  rep- 
resented :  the  Malvaceae  by  a  rare  species  of  Sterculia,  besides  some  flowers 
with  long  stamens,  which  are  referred,  doubtfully,  to  the  genus  Bombax. 
Of  Tiliacea;,  a  species  of  Tilia  has  been  found.  Of  Rutacere,  one  species  of 
Ailanthus  and  one  of  Xanthoxylon.  No  less  than  ten  species  of  Rhus  rep- 
resent the  Anacardiacese,  and  two  species  each  of  Paliurus  and  Rhamnus 
the  Rhamnacese.    The  Celastrace%  show  three  species  of  Celastrus  and  one 


32 


TKKTIAKY  lNHB(rrH  OK  NORTH  AMKttlCA. 


of  Culiistritc'H,  known  only  l)y  ti  few  lotiveH.  The  Hupindacuii!  uro  very 
nuniorons  in  individniilH;  a  HpecicH  of  Acer  iu  ropreHentod  by  leavcH,  fiowors, 
and  fruits,  but  not  y<»t  des'iribod ;  I(3avoH  of  a  Staphylea  occur  witii  five 
Hpecios  of  SapinduH  and  one  of  Dodonii'a.  '('lie  flora  has  a  hu'ge  nund)or 
of  LcguininoHU',  eleven  HpecioH  occurring,  of  oiglit  genera,  CytiauH,  Dal- 
bergin,  Cercis,  I'odogoniuni,  CaHsia,  LeguniinoHito^'  Acacia  and  MinionitOH ; 
Lesquereux  formerly  referred  some  of  them  to  Hobinia  and  Coluten.  The 
Rosacea'  show  an  Amygdalus,  leaves  of  Rosa,  and  a  species  of  Spiraea, 
with  very  finely  preserved  leaves  of  an  Amelanchier,  scarcely  distinguish- 
able from  some  of  the  varieties  of  the  living  species.  Numerous  leaves  of 
Weiiimannia  of  three  species  represent  the  8axifraga(!oie,  and,  finally,  a 
species  of  Aralia  and  another  of  lledera,  the  Araliacoic. 

Among  the  gamopetalous  plants  the  Kricacea)  are  represented  by  what 
is  probably  Vaccinium  reticulatum  Al.  Br.,  together  with  a  species  of  An- 
dromeda; no  less  than  six  species  of  Ilex  represent  the  Acpiifoliaceje;  two 
of  Diospyros,  and  one  each  of  Bumelia  and  Macreightia,  the  Sapotacea"!;  a 
species  of  Myrsine,  so  common  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  but  in  our  coun- 
try represented  only  by  this  single  leaf,  the  Myrsineae.  Convolvulaceaj 
show  two  species  of  Porana,  and  the  Apocynacea;  a  single  species  of  Apo- 
cynophyllum.'  Oleaceic  have  a  flowering  branch  of  Olea  and  eight  species 
of  PVaxinus,  one  regarded  as  identical  with  a  European  Tertiary  plant. 

The  apetalous  angiosperms  show  a  great  variety  of  foi-ms  at  Florissant, 
and  among  them  many  are  referred  to  species  from  foreign  Tertiaries.  A 
species  of  Banksia  and  seven  of  Lomatia  represent  the  Proteacea;;  a  species 
of  Pimelia  the  Thymelaceae ;  one  of  Santalum  the  Santalacejc.  Urticaceaj 
are  the  most  numerous  of  all  plants;  four  species  of  Ulmus  occur,  one 
found  also  in  the  fjuropean  Tertiaries;  another  formerly  thought  to  be  iden- 
ticsil  with  a  second  European  species  but  now  re^*;  rded  as  distinct,  and  two 
others,  one  of  them  found  also  in  western  Col  >r.iio;  of  Celtis  there  is  one 
species,  whose  leaves  have  a  close  affinity  to  the  existing  C.  occidentalis  and 
its  Texan  variety ;  two  species  of  Ficus  ai  identical  with  European  species ; 
but  the  mass  of  specimens — nearly  or  quite  one-half  of  all  that  have  been 
brought  from  this  locality — represent  species  of  Planera;  two  species  only 
occur,  one  identical  with  a  European  form;  the  other  known  only  from  Flo- 
rissant and  the  White  River,  and  in  the  former  very  variable;  Lesquereux 

'  In  tbo  text  of  bis  laat  report  Lesquereux  refers  this  to  Alkali,  Wyoming,  but  in  bis  tabi')  to  FloriH- 
saut. 


TUE  FLOKI88ANT  LAKE  BASIN. 


88 


has  seen  nt  leant  two  thouHuiul  «pociiiu)ii8.  TIio  JuglaiulneeiP  are  ropre- 
HOiited  by  Mingle  HpecinioiiH  of  I'tcrocurya  anicricana  and  Juji^laiis  tliurnialiH, 
besides  two  otiier  Hpecioh  ot'JuglanH,  one  of  thoni  Enrojjoan,  tin'iH)  of  (Jarya, 
all  European,  and  oni)  Kngeliiardtia,  also  Kin'opean.  Tiiu  ('iipiilifera-rtliow 
one  Hpeciort  eacb  of  Ostrya  and  Castanoa,  three  of  Carpiiius,  one  of  them 
European,  and  seven  of  Quercus,  of  which  five  are  Eur.ipoau  species.  'Pho 
Myricacese  are  the  next  most  abundant  type  after  I'lanera,  l)eing  i-epresented 
by  no  I(;ss  than  fifteen  species  of  Myrica,  of  wiiich  six  are  European.  Of 
Betulacea'  two  species  of  Hotida  occur  and  two  of  Alnus,  one  of  the  latter 
European.  i?ilicacea'  are  tolerably  abundant;  there  are  four  species  of 
Populus,  all  now  regarded  as  European,  though  Les(piereu.\  first  looked  on 
them  as  new  ;  and  two  peculiar  species  of  Sali.x,  besides  four  identical  with 
European  species.  Finally,  there  yre  one  or  two  undetermined  plants  in 
this  group  represented  by  parts  of  flowers  or  seeds. 

Among  the  Conifene  there  is  considerable  variety,  eight  species  ocjcur- 
ring,  of  si.K  genera,  most  of  them  represented  in  the  European  flora.  There 
are,  first,  two  ipecies  of  Pinus,  one  P^uropean;  a  species  of  VViddringtonia; 
well  preserved  branches  of  a  European  Taxodium  ;  abundant  remains  of  a 
European  Glyptostrobus ;  a  couple  of  leaves  of  a  European  Podocarpus; 
as  well  fts  two  species  of  Sequoia,  one  European,  the  other  indigenous. 
The  presence  of  the  last-aamed  genus  is  also  well  attested  "by  their  cones 
and  by  the  remains  of  gigantic  silicified  trunks  in  an  erect  position. 

Finally,  in  the  lower  orders  of  plants  the  following  have  been  found  : 
Of  the  Palniai,  a  large  specimen  of  a  Sabal  and  a  fruit  referred  to  Palmo- 
carpon ;  of  the  Aracea;,  a  species  of  Acorus,  first  described  from  Spitzen- 
berg ;  of  the  Typhacea;,  finely  preserved  leaves  of  a  Typha ;  of  the  Naiad- 
aceaj,  two  species  of  Potamogeton  and  one  of  Najadopsis;  of  the  Lemna- 
cese,  a  species  of  Lemna;  of  the  Graminea;,  fragments  of  leaves  of  Phrag- 
mites ;  of  Filices,  numerous  specimens  of  five  genera,  Spheno|)teris,  Adian- 
tites,  Lastra;a,  Pteris,  and  Dipla/.ium,  the  last  a  European  species;  of  Rliiz- 
ocarpa',  many  specimens  of  two  species  of  Salvinia ;  of  Musci,  one  species 
each  of  Fontinalis  and  Hypnum,  and  of  Characea;,  two  specimens  of  a 
Chara. 

According  to  Mr.  Lesquereaux,  such  aii  assemblage  of  plants  indicates 
a  climate  like  that  of  the  northern  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  our  epoch. 
"The  preponderance  of  conifers,  of  shrubs,     ...    of  trees  of  small 

VOL  XIII 3 


34 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


size,  .  .  ,  gives  to  the  flora  a  general  aspect  wliicli  reciills  that  of  t'l.i 
vegetation  of  upl.inds  or  valleys  of  mountains."  Palms  are  almost  (Mitirely 
absent,  only  a  single  specimen  of  one  species  of  Sabal  having  occurred,  with 
a  fruit  of  Palniocarpon.  "The  leaves  of  some  sjjecies  are  extremely  numer- 
ous, none  of  them  crumpled,  folded,  or  rolled,  as  if  driven  by  currents,  but 
flat,  as  if  they  had  been  embedded  in  the  nuuldy  surface  of  the  bottom  when 
falling  from  the  trees  or  shrubs  along  the  borders  of  a  lake." 

It  is  remarkable  for  the  almost  complete  absence  of  hard  fruits,  and 
this,  with  the  piusence  of  flowers,  of  unripe  carpels  of  elm  and  niaple,  and 
of  well-proserved  branches  of  Taxodium,  which  in  the  living  species  "are 
mostly  detached  and  thrown  upon  the  ground  in  winter  time  or  early 
spring,"  led  Mr  Lesquereaux  to  believe  that  the  deposition  of  the  vegeta- 
ble materials  took  place  in  the  spring  time,  and  that  the  lake  gradually 
dried  during  summer. 

To  this  we  may  add  that  the  occurrence  of  Acorns,  of  Typha,  and  espe- 
cially of  Potamogeton,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the  water  of  the  lake 
was  fresh,  and  not  saline  or  brackish,  equally  proved  by  the  fish,  according 
to  Cope,  and  by  the  presence  of  larvjc  of  Odonata  and  other  insects  whose 
earlier  stages  are  passed  only  in  fresh  water. 

Neither  the  gioups  of  fishes  which  have  been  found,  nor  the  water-plants, 
nor  the  water-insecto,  nor  the  niollusks  exclude  Mr.  ].iesquereux's  sugges- 
tion of  the  annual  drying  of  the  body  of  the  lake :  moreover,  certain  thin 
layers  are  found  overlying  coarser  deposits,  whith  are  sun-cracked  through 
and  through.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  thickness  of  the  paper  shales,  upon 
which  most  of  the  fossil  remains  are  found,  and  which  are  compo.sed  of 
uniform  layers  of  triturated  flakes  of  volcanic  products,  being  necessarily 
the  result  of  the  long-continued  action  of  water,  excludes  this  idea.  The 
structure  of  the  rocks  rather  indicates  a  quiet  deposition  of  the  materials 
in  an  unruffled  lake  through  long  periods,  interrupted  at  intervals  by  the 
influx  of  new  lava-flows  oi  the  burying  of  the  bottom  sediments  beneath 
heavy  showers  of  volcanic  ashes. 

The  testimony  of  the  few  fishes  to  the  climate  of  the  time  is  not  unlike 
that  of  the  plants,  suggesting  a  climate.  Pi  of.  tl  D.  Cope  informs  me,  like  that 
at  present  found  in  latitude  3f)°  in  the  United  States;  while  the  insects,  from 
which,  when  they  are  completely  studied,  we  may  certainly  draw  more 
definite  conclusions,  api)ear  from  their  general  ensemble  to  prove  the  same 


UMGMttiilMtaalM 


THE  FLORISSANT  LAKE  BASIN. 


35 


or  a  somewhat  wanner  climate.  If  wo  inquire  what  testimony  the  '  >wor 
orders  of  Floriasant  insects  boar  to  the  cHniato  of  tliat  district  in  Tertiary 
times,  there  is  only  one  answer  to  be  giv^n:  the  present  distribution  of 
their  allies  certainly  points  to  a  considerably  warmer  climate  than  now — a 
climate  which  may,  perhaps,  best  be  compared  to  the  middle  zone  of  our 
Southern  States.  The  known  living  species  of  the  genera  to  which  they 
l)olong  are  in  general  credited  to  regions  like  Georgia  in  tliis  country  and 
the  two  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  in  Europe,  or  even  more  southern 
districts.  Further  remarks  on  this  point  will  be  found  in  the  body  of  the 
volume. 

As  noted  above,  the  superabundance  of  specimens  of  single  species  of 
plants  (Planera  and  Myrica)  is  repented  in  the  insects,  where  certain  spe- 
cies of  Formicidfc  among  Hymenoj)tera,  of  IJibionida'  among  Dipt?ra,  of 
Cercopida  and  of  Alydina  among  Hemiptera,  are  to  be  counted  by  fifties 
and  hundreds. 

I'he  only  other  general  feature  which  may  already  be  noted  among 
the  insects  is  an  unexpected  paucity  of  aquatic  larvjc  or  the  imagos  of 
water-insects.  Hardly  a  dozen  neuropterous  larvje  have  come  to  hand, 
very  few  aquatic  Hemiptera  in  any  stage,  and  of  Hydrophilidai  and  otlior 
water  beetles  no  great  number.  The  paucity  of  neuropterous  larvje  is  the 
more  remurkuble  from  the  abundance  of  Phryganidu-,  wliile  not  a  single 
larva-case  has  been  fou.id. 

As  to  the  age  of  these  deposits,  the  opinions  of  Lescpiereux,  based  on 
t,he  study  of  Tertiary  plants,  and  of  Cope,  drawn  from  his  knowledge  of 
Tertiary  fishes,  are  far  more  harmonious  than  one  would  expect  from  their 
known  divergence  of  view  concerning  the  testimony  of  the  fossils  to  the 
age  of  other  Tertiary  beds  in  the  West.  Such  disparity  of  ideas  did  hold  at 
first,  Mr.  Lesquereux  maintaining  in  his  earlier  notices  of  tiio  flora  the 
probability  of  its  later  Miocene  age ;  in  the  Tertiary  Flora  he  placed  it  in 
the  "Upper  Green  River"  division  of  his  "fourtii  group,"  together  with  the 
flora  of  Elko,  Nevada,  the  Green  River  beds  being  jjlaced  dirctly  beneath 
them.  In  Hay  den's  report  for  1876  he  refers  the  Florissant  deposits  lo  the 
upper  Miocene.  In  his  review  of  Saporta's  Uonde  des  Plantes,'  while  still 
considering  this  flora  as  Miocene,  he  points  out  certain  Inqjortant  relations 
which  it  bears  to  the  flora  of  Aix,  in  Prov(»rc(S  '.hen  considered  as  Eocene. 


'  Ainer.  .Tour.  8oi.,  ser.  a,  vol.  17,  187U,  j).  a79. 


ii 


36 


TEIITIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Hut  later,  after  a  more  careful  revision,  drawn  from  more  extended  sources, 
he  writes  that  while,  by  the  presence  of  many  genera,  "  there  is  an  evident 
relation  of  the  Florissant  flora  with  that  of  the  European  Miocene,  yet  by 
the  affinities  and  even  identity  of  some  of  the  species  with  those  of  the  flora 
of  the  gypsum  of  Aix,  whicli,  according  to  Saporta,  includes  typos  related 
to  those  of  the  whole  extent  of  the  Tertiaries  from  the  upper  Cretaceous  to 
the  Oligocene  and  abo  ve,  I  should  rather  refer  this  group  to  the  lower  Mio- 
cene or  Oligocene." 

Both  Lesquereux  and  Cope  agree  in  placing  the  Florissant  beds  at  the 
same  horizon  as  those  of  Elko,  Nevada,  and  also  those  directly  above  the 
Fish-cut  beds  at  Green  River,  Wyoming.  Lesquereux  lias  identical  si)ecies 
also  from  Wliita  Ri/er,  Colorado,  among  specimens  communicated  by  Mr. 
Denton.  Cope  calls  the  Florissant  and  Elko  dejjosits  the  Amyzon  beds,  fi 
from  the  prevalence  of  that  type  of  fish,  aiul  refers  them  to  the  "later  Eocene 
or  early  Miocene."  IMr.  Clarence  King  places  the  Green  River  deposits  in 
the  middle  Eocene,  but  considers  the  Elko  deposits  of  the  same  age.  We 
maj-  therefore  provisionally  conclude,  from  the  evidence  afibrded  by  the 
plants  and  vertebrates,  tha*-  the  Florissant  beds  belong  in  or  near  the  Oli- 
gocene. 

At  present  no  geological  conclusions  can  be  drawn  from  what  is  known 
of  the  insects.  So  far  as  specific  and  generic  determinations  has  proceeded, 
scarcely  anything  identical  has  been  found  in  the  Green  River  and  Floris- 
sant beds,  but  some  remarkable  affinities  have  been  noticed.  To  attempt, 
however,  to  draw  any  conclusion  as  to  the  age  of  either  of  these  deposits, 
and  especially  of  that  of  Florissant,  before  a  closer  examination  is  made 
would  be  folly.  Almost  the  entire  series  of  fossil  insects  from  the  beds  of 
Aix,  Oeningen,  and  Radoboj  requires  a  cai-eful  generic  revision,  and  until 
thici  is  done  it  will  be  difficult  to  make  much  use  of  the  information  given 
us  in  the  works  of  European  authors.  This  should  not  be  considered  as 
reflecting  upon  the  character  of  these  works,  for  it  must  be  remembered 
that  they  were  nearly  all  .completed  thirty  years  ago  and  could  not  be 
expected  to  meet  present  demands.  It  is,  indeed,  probable  that  the  richer 
American  fields,  the  exploitation  of  which  has  only  just  begun,  may  yet  be 
found  the  best  basis  for  the  study  of  the  relationship  of  the  Tertiary  insect 
faunas  of  Europe. 

White  i?/j;('i.— Fossil  insects  were  first  discovered  on  the  lower  White 
River  in  western  Colorado  and  eastern  Utah  by  Mr.  William  Denton  during 


■.-■■I  r 
■■iff 


i 


OTHER  TERTIARY  INSEOT  LOCALITIES. 


37 


\  r 


his  passage  down  the  river  on  horseback  in  1865,  and  his  brief  and  cursory 
account  of  the  geological  structure  of  the  region  is,  I  believe,  the  first  and 
only  one  until  the  parties  of  the  Hayden  Survey  entered  the  region  ten  or 
more  years  later.  Brief  reports  of  the  geological  and  topographical  character 
of  the  country  were  made  by  Drs.  C.  A.  White  and  F.  M.  Endlich,  and 
Messrs.  G.  B.  Chittenden  and  G.  R.  Bechier.  None  of  these,  however, 
obtained  ay  insects,  excepting  Dr.  White,  who  in  a  single  locality  found  a 
few  poor  specimens.  On  a  visit  to  the  place  in  the  summer  of  1889,  how- 
ever, I  was  able  to  rediscover  the  beds  in  which  the)'  were  found  by  Mr. 
Denton  east  of  the  Colorado-Utah  line,  and  to  greatly  oxtend  the  stations  at 
which  they  could  be  found.  In  the  two  localities  on  the  lower  W  hite  River 
where  Denton  found  fossil  insects,  "Chagrin  Valley"  and  "Fossil  Canon," 
as  he  called  them,  the  general  topographical  features  were  the  same,  bluffs 
or  b'ittes  of  a  thousand  or  more  feet  in  thickness  being  composed  of  evenly 
bedded  stratified  deposits.  "Chagrin  Valley"  must  be  identified  with  the 
valley  of  Douglas  Creek,  though  it  was  not  here  but  five  or  six  miles  lower 
down  the  White  River  that  Denton  really  obtained  his  fossils,  at  a  point 
where,  to  one  traveling  westward.  Green  River  beds  first  appear  in  mass  and 
are  readily  accessible,  probably  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Canon  Butte, 
where  the  old  Indian  trail  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  cuts  off  a  sharp  bend 
and  passes  directly  over  many  favorable  outcrops.  It  was  in  fact  at  pre- 
cisely this  place  that  I  obtained  from  the  rocks  collections  agree* ng  most 
closely  in  general  appearance  and  character  with  those  secured  by  Denton 
This  locality  is  in  Colorado  a  few  miles  east  of  the  Utah  boundary.  His 
other  locality  is  represented  by  him  to  be  fifty  or  sixty  miles  fiirther  down 
the  river,  but  still  at  some  distance  from  its  mouth.  The  distance  is  no 
doubt  exaggerated,  and  the  locality  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  certairdy 
in  Utah,  not  improbably  near  the  mouth  of  Red  Bluff  Wash.  I  made  no 
search  for  this  place. 

It  may  in  brief  be  said  that  the  Green  River  beds  in  the  bluffs  on  each 
side  of  the  White  River  Canon  near  the  boundary  line  between  Utah  and 
Colorado,  but  especially  on  the  northern  side,  are  filled  for  over  a  thousand 
feet  with  insect  remains;  the  highest  and  the  lowest  beds  respectively 
yielded  me  the  best  results,  but  hardly  a  level  could  be  found  where  patient 
search  did  not  reveal  some  relics,  though  perhaps  of  no  value;  tlie  more 
prolific  beds  were  oftentimes  simply  crammed  with  remains,  frequently  in 


38 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


an  exquisite  state  of  preservation.  Vegetable  remains,  excepting  of  a  very 
fragmentary  nature,  were  rare,  and  most  of  tb  j  insects,  like  tbose  obtained 
by  Denton,  of  a  small  size;  excepting,  indeed,  dipterous  larva-,  whicb  were 
found  in  quite  incredible  numbers,  square  rods  of  stone  near  the  higher 
levels  being  absolutely  covered  with  them  in  multitudes  of  places. 

The  insec^'5  obt;^ined  by  Mr.  Denton  and  Dr.  White  at  these  localities  are 
all  included  in  the  present  volume,  but  no  reference  is  made  to  those  found 
by  myself  in  1889.  The  age  of  the  deposit  can  hardly  be  said  to  be  as  yet 
determined,  but  the  leaves  found  by  Mr.  Denton  (presumably  at  "Fossil 
Canon")  were  regarded  by  Mr.  Lesquereux  as  more  certainly  synchronous 
with  those  of  Florissant  than  with  those  of  the  Green  I!iver  beds,  and  in 
any  event  all  three  are  of  very  nearly  the  same  age. 

Gree/ti  Eivet\  Wyoming. — All  the  insects  described  in  this  volume  from 
Green  River  were  obtained  at  a  single  spot,  next  what  is  known  as  the  Fish- 
Cut,  where  the  railway  cuts  tlirough  the  rocks,  about  three  or  four  kilome- 
ters west  of  the  crossing  of  Green  River.  Even  here  they  have  been  found 
only  within  the  compass  of  one  or  two  square  meters  of  ground,  and  by 
repeated  visits  this  "  pocket"  has  now  been  entirely  chipped  away.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  other  equally  prolific  pockets  will  be  found  in  the  same 
immediate  vicinity,  especially  in  the  more  favorable  exposures  east  of  the 
river,  as  one  such  was  found  during  the  summer  of  1889.  It  is  by  no  means 
improbable  that  the  beds  at  this  locality  and  those  at  White  River  may 
prove  to  belong  to  the  floor  of  one  and  the  same  Tertiary  lake  to  which 
King  gave  the  name  of  Gosinte  Lake.  About  one  hundred  and  fifty 
different  insects  have  been  found  here,  besides  many  others  not  yet  descrbed. 
They  are  most  commonly  Coleoptera,  this  order  being  represented  by  fully 
one-third  of  the  species  Hemiptera  and  Diptera  come  next  with  almost 
equal  representation,  or  about  twenty-three  per  cent  each.  Next  come  the 
TIjnnnoptera  with  eight  per  cent.  The  other  orders  are  aboxit  equally  and 
meagerly  represented,  the  Lepidoptera  not  at  all. 

Fossil,  Wyomiiif). — A  few  species  of  insects  have  been  found  in  the 
bluffs  facing  the  town  of  Fossil  at  the  head  of  Twin  Creek,  a  tributary  of 
Bear  River,  blnfTs  which  are  famous  for  the  immense  number  of  fossil  fish 
they  have  furnished.  As  a  rule  the  insects  are  scarce,  and,  like  the  fish, 
belong  to  a  very  limited  number  of  species,  in  this  case  mostly  Coleoptera 
and  Diptera.     In  the  |)resent  work  only  two  or  three  are  mentioned. 


OTHER  TERlx-a.xvx  INSECT  LOCALITIES. 


39 


Horse  Creek,  Wyominy. — At  a  point  three  miles  south  of  this  creek, 
which  empties  into  the  Green  River  from  the  west  near  its  source,  and 
about  two  miles  west  of  Green  River,  a  thin,  hard  layer  of  white  limestone 
was  found  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale  covered  with  petrified  larval  cases  of  caddis- 
flies,  which  are  described  below  under  the  name  of  Indusia  calculosa. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia. — The  discovery  of  the  different  localities  for 
fossil  insects  in  British  Columbia  by  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  has 
been  due  entirely  to  the  investigations  of  Dr.  George  M.  Daw.  on.  On  the 
left  bank  of  the  Fraser  River,  at  the  town  of  Quesnel,  he  discovered  a  series 
of  clays,  sands,  and  gravels,  their  upturned  edges  covered  by  the  valley 
deposits,  in  one  of  which  series  (a  stratum  of  fire-clay  eight  or  nine  inches 
thick)  insects  and  plants  were  found,  the  beds  being  exposed  on  the  river 
bank  at  a  low  stage  of  the  water.  Nearly  twenty  species  of  plants  were 
met  with,  mostly  of  apetalous  families  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Cupuli- 
ferse,  such  as  the  beech,  walnut,  oak,  birch,  and  poplar,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  insects.  Such  of  these  as  are  included  in  the  present  report  con- 
sist of  twenty-five  species,  nearly  all  Hymenoptera  and  Diptera,  and  espe- 
cially the  latter,  and,  what  is  very  unusual,  only  a  single  beetle.  Sir  Will- 
iam Dawson,  who  determined  the  plants,  regarded  them  as  to  a  great 
extent  identical  with  those  from  the  Miocene  of  Alaska,  but  adds: 
"  Whether  the  age  of  these  beds  is  Miocene  or  somewhat  older  may,  how- 
ever, admit  of  doubt."  Apart  from  an  uncharacteristic  egg-cocoon  of  a 
spider,  none  of  the  insect  remains  can  be  regarded  as  identical  with  any 
found  elsewhere. 

Nicola,  North  Similkameen,  and  Nine  Mile  Creek,  British  Columbia. — The 
other  localities  at  which  remains  of  insects  have  been  found,  though  in 
smaller  numbers,  lie  at  no  gi-eat  distance  apart  to  the  south  of  Quesnel  and 
south  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  near  our  own  border.  One  of 
these  localities  is  upon  the  Nicola  River,  two  miles  above  its  junction  with 
the  Coldwater,  at  the  base  of  a  series  of  beds  containing  coal.  Another  is 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Similkameen  River,  three  miles  from  its  mouth; 
the  beds  here,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  "include  a  layer  of  lignite  about  a 
foot  thick,  which  rests  in  black,  rather  earthy,  carbonaceous  clays,  and  is 
overlain  by  fifteen  feet  or  more  of  very  thinly  bedded  almost  paper-like  yel- 
low gray  siliceous  shales,"  which  contain  plants  and  insects.  The  third  is  on 
Nine  Mile  Creek,  flowing  into  Whipsaw  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Similka- 


40 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


meen,  where  a  small  section  of  hard  laminated  clays  occurs  with  layers  of 
softer  arenaceous  clay.  Seven  species  were  obtained  from  the  first-named 
locality,  five  from  the  second,  and  four  from  the  third.  The  Nicola  locality' 
is  remarkable  for  yielding  only  Coleoptera;  from  Nine  Mile  Creek  come 
three  species  of  Coleoptera  and  one  of  Hemiptera;  while  the  Similkameen 
locality,  like  Quesnel,  affords  us  Hymenoptera,  Dipter  ,  and  Hemiptera — 
three  species  of  the  last — but  nt)  Coleoptera.  'J'here  can  be  no  doubt,  Dr. 
Dawsoii  informs  me,  "that  the  specimens  from  the  North  Similkameen  and 
Nine  Mile  Creek  represent  deposits  in  different  portions  of  a  single  lake.  A 
silicifying  spring,  probably  thernifa,  must,  however,  have  entered  the  lake 
near  the  first-named  place,  as  evidenced  by  the  character  of  some  of  the 
beds,  in  which  fragments  of  plants,  with  a  few  fresh-water  shells,  have  been 
preserved."  The  insects  of  each  locality  are  specifically  distinct  from  those 
of  any  of  the  others  As  to  their  age,  Dr.  Dawson,  the  only  geologist  who 
has  studied  them,  remarks  that  we  shall  "probably  err  little  in  continuing 
to  call  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  the  interior  as  a  whole  Miocene,  and  in 
correlating  them  with  the  beds  attributed  to  tho  same  period  to  the  south- 
ward in  the  basin  lymg  east  of  the  Sierra  Nevada." 

Scarhoro,  Ontario. — In  the  vicinity  of  Toronto,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario,  Mr.  George  J.  Ilinde  has  discovered  vegetable  and  animal  remains 
in  thin  seams  in  clay  beds  which  he  regards  as  interglacial,  lying  as  they 
do  upon  a  moral'ial  till  of  a  special  character  and  overlain  by  till  of  another 
and  quite  distinct  kind.  Ilis  account  of  the  locality  and  the  reasons  for 
his  conclusioiis  \r-  e  been  given  by  him  in  full.'  Among  the  material  found 
by  him  wa.^.  .i  considerable  number  of  the  elytra  and  other  parts  of  beetles, 
an  assemblage  indeed  larger  than  has  ever  before  been  found  in  such  a 
deposit  in  any  part  of  the  world,  and  they  are  mostly  in  excellent  condi- 
tion. Twenty-nine  species  have  been  obtained,  some  of  them  in  consider- 
able numbers.  Five  families  and  fifteen  genera  are  represented  ;  they  are 
largely  Carabidaj,  there  being  six  or  seven  species  each  of  Platynus  and 
Pterostichus  and  species  also  of  Patrobus,  Bembidium,  Loricera,  and  Elaph- 
rus.  The  next  family  in  importance  is  the  Staphylinida;,  of  which  there 
aro  five  genera,  Geodromicus,  Arpedium,  Bledius,  Oxyporus,  and  Lathro- 
bium,  each  with  a  single  species.  The  Hydrophilidjc  are  represented  by 
Hydrochus  and  Helophorus,  each  with  one  species ;  and  the  Chrysomelidse 

'  CauotUau  Jour.  Sci.,  new  hpi'Ios,  vol.  I'',  1887,  pp.  36H-413. 


OTHER  TERTIARY  INSECT  LOCALITIES. 


41 


by  two  species  of  Donacia.     Finally,  a  species  of  Scolytida;  must  have  made 
certain  borings  under  the  bark  of  juniper. 

Most  of  these  are  described  and  figured  in  the  present  volume.  Looking 
at  them  as  a  whole  and  noting  the  distribution  of  the  species  to  which  they 
seem  to  be  most  nearly  related,  they  are  plainly  indigenous  to  the  soil,  but 
would  perhaps  be  thought  to  have  come  from  a  somewhat  more  northern 
locality  than  that  in  which  they  were  found ;  not  one  of  them  can  be 
referred  to  existing  species,  but  the  nearest  allies  of  not  a  few  of  them  are 
to  be  sought  in  the  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson  Bay  region,  while  the  larger 
part  are  inhabitants  of  Canada  and  the  northern  United  States,  or  the  general 
district  in  which  the  deposit  occurs.  In  no  single  instance  were  any  special 
affinities  found  with  any  characteristically  southern  forms,  though  several  are 
most  nearly  allied  to  species  found  there  as  well  as  in  the  north.  A  few  seem 
to  be  most  nearly  related  to  Pacific  forms,  such  as  the  Elaphrus  and  one  each 
of  the  '  Pdcies  of  Platynus  and  Pterostichus.  On  the  whole,  the  fiiuna  has 
a  boreal  aspect,  though  by  no  means  so  decidedly  boreal  as  one  would 
anticipate  under  the  circunjsttmces. 

Port  Kennedy,  Pennsyhmma.— The  only  locality  remaining  to  be  noticed 
is  Port  Kennedy,  in  southeastern  Pennsylvania,  where  the  clays  in  the  bone 
caves  have  furnished  about  a  dozen  species  of  Colooptera,  described  by  Dr. 
G.  H.  Horn,  in  1876,  but  now  first  figured.  His  descriptions  are  reprinted 
in  the  present  work,  with  the  results  of  my  own  study  of  the  same  material. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 


MYKIA.PODA.    Liim6. 

Myriapoda  from  the  Tertiary  rocks  are  almost  unknown,  a  single  species 
a  little  larger  than  ours  having  been  figured  by  Bertkau  from  Rott  under 
the  name  of  lulus  an  tiquus  Hey  den.  Other  specif^s  have  been  indicated. 
Serres,  for  instance,  speaks  of  one  found  near  Montpellier,  allied  to  the  living 
I.  sabulosus,  and  this  mention  has  been  quoted  by  Meyer,  Keferstein,  and 
Geinitz.  Hope  also  catalogues  one  from  Aix,  and  Cotta  mentions  one,  per- 
haps I.  terrestris,  from  Tharand,  Saxony,  which  is  probably  a  recent 
inclosure,  and  is  quoted  by  BruUd  and  Berendt.  Besides  these  diplopods 
Hope  catalogues  a  Scolopendra  from  Aix,  and  Keferstein,  on  the  authority  of 
Aldrovandi,  mentions  a  Scolopendra  from  Glarus,  in  Switzerland. 

The  Baltic  amber,  however,  contains  a  considerable  number  of  species, 
twenty  diplopods  having  been  recorded  and  most  of  them  described,  belong- 
ing to  the  genera  Craspedosoma  (seven  speciies),  IVdyxenus  (five  species), 
lulus  (four  species),  and  Euzonus,  Lophonotus,  Blaniulus,  and  Polydesmus 
(one  species  each).  The  chilojwds  have  a  less  number  of  species,  fifteen, 
representing  the  genera  Lithobius  (eight  species),  Geophilus  (tlu-ee  species), 
and  Cermatia  and  Scolopendra  (two  species  each).  All  these  genera 
excepting  Euzonus  are  represented  among  living  forms. 

The  single  species  found  in  America  belongs  to  the  diplopods.  (No- 
vember, 1881.) 

Order  DIPLOF»033^  Gervais. 

Family  IUL.IDJEL  Leach. 

As  in  the  case  of  the  Rott  species  described  by  Bertkau,  the  form 
described  below  is  only  referred  to  the  genus  lulus  in  a  broad  sense,  its 
preservation  being  very  defective.     It  is  smaller  than  the  European  species. 

43 


44 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


lULUS  Linnd. 

lULUS   TELLirSTER. 

PI.  0,  Pig.  15. 

lulu,  Mlutler  Sc.Kl.ler,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Siirv.  Terr.,  vol.  4, 1878,  p.  776. 

The  Single  specimen  is  so  fni-nientaiy  that  it  can  only  be  referred  to 
lulus  m  a  broad  generic  sense.  The  piece  is  composed  of  ten  or  twelve 
segments,  probably  from  near  the  middle  of  the  body,  lying  in  a  strai.rht 
hue  and  crushed,  with  no  trace  of  any  appendages.  Tl.e'segments  appear 
to  be  composed  of  a  short  anterior  and  a  larger  posterior  division,  ea.h 
independently  and  very  slightly  arched;  the  posterior  division  is  nbont 
twice  as  long  as  the  anterior,  and  each  is  transversely,  regularly,  and  very 
finely  striate,  parallel  to  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  the  segments 
I  he  foramina  can  be  detected  on  some  of  the  segments,  and  by  their  aid 
the  width  of  the  body  can  be  more  accurately  determined. 

As  crushed,  the  body  is  2.3-"'  broad,  but  its  probable  true  width  is 
1.5""",  while  the  segments  are  each  about  O.S""™  long;  the  fragment  pre- 
served measures  8.5  ™™  long. 

Green  River,  Wyoming,  one  specimen,  No.  154,  F.  C.  A.  Richardson. 

The  object  represented  on  PI.  12,  Fig.  1,  was  at  one  time  thought  to 
be  a  myriapod  and  accordingly  figured,  but  examination  proved  it  to  be  the 
broken  section  of  the  cone  of  Sequoia,  not  uncommonly  found  at  Florissant 


ARACHNIDES  Latreille. 

Up  to  the  present  writing  a  little  more  than  two  imiulrcd  and  fifty 
species  of  Arachnides  have  been  described  as  found  in  Tertiary  dopt.sits.     Of 
these  about  one  hundred  and  ninety  are  true  spiders,  while  the  remainder 
are  mostly  Acarina  (thirty-seven  species),  Opiliones  (eleven  species),  (uCher- 
netidsB  (nine  species).     All  but  a  single  species,  Aranea  cohunbia^,  described 
below,  are  from  European  beds,  and  nine-tenths  of  them  are  preserved  to  us  in 
the  Eocene  amber.     Were  this  means  of  restoring  the  ancient  Tertiary  fauna 
unknown  to  us,  our  information  at  the  .present  day  -vould  be  based  upon 
twenty-four  species,  although  in  addition  to  these  half  a  dozen  more  are 
indicated  by  simple  reference  to  genera  or  tamilies.     This  number  is  already 
exceeded  by  those  described  below  from  a  single  locality,  Florissant  alone 
having  yielded  more  than  thirty  species.     Whether  we  examine  the  Ameri- 
can or  European  species  preserved  in  stratified  deposits  we  find  an  almost 
total  absence  of  any  but  true  spiders  or  Araneides;  in  each  (including  the 
one  herewith  figured)  a  single  species  of  Acarina  has  been  described,  though 
a  number  of  others  are  credited  without  description  to  European  strata. 
In  Prussian  amber,  on  the  contrary,  though  Araneides  are  vastly  in  the 
majority,  the  other  groups  of  Arachnides  form  27  per  cent  of  the  entire 
number  of  species,  distributed  mainly  in  the  three  groups  mentioned  above. 
This  greater  proportion  of  true  Araneides  in  Tertiary  deposits,  a  pro- 
poition  exaggerated  at  the  present  day,  can  scarcely  be  well  compared  to 
what  we  find  in  the  older   deposits,  from  the  extreme  paucity  of  their 
remains  in  the  latter.     Brodie  has  found  only  a  single  species  (whicli  he 
considers  a  true  araneid)  in  the  secondary  strata  of  England,  and  the 
European  Jura  has  furnished  merely  half  a  dozen  arachnids  (nominal  species, 
perhaps  reducible  to  four),  of  which  only  a  ^-ingle  one  is  referable  to  the 
Araneides,  Hasseltides,  considered  one  of  the  Agalenides  by  Weyenbergh. 
In  the  paleozoic  formations,  again,  a  dozen  species  are  known,  all  but  three 
of  which  have  been  considered  scorpions,  Phrynida;  or  Chernetida;,  or  else 
placed  in  their  vicinity,  while  one  of  the  other  three  has  not  been  placed 

46 


46 


TKRTIAKY  INHKC-TS  OF  NOKTII   AMKIUCA. 


by  itH  (loHcrihcr  uinoiijrt,|i«  truo.tpiflui'H,  hut  naiiKJtl  Artlirolycomi  only  f'ntin 
itH  Hoiiiitvvliiit  iniirkud  iiniuoid  fmitiires.  TIk*  roinuiiiiii^  t\v«  uro  nm- 
Hidorod  by  thoir  dosinibcirs  us  triio  ariuioidim  and  Heoin  to  be  tho  only  trny 
procurHors  of  this  frronp  known  to  U8  fVonj  tho  pul(M>zoic  rocks;  tho  propor- 
tion therefore  of  tho  Anuieides  to  other  Aruchnides  is  reversed  between 
Paleozoic  and  (-enozoic  times. 

In  the  present  vohinie  we  are  able  to  more  than  double  the  number  of 
Ar.ichnides-  (apart  from  t\w  ainl)er  indosiints)  whieh  are  hitherto  known 
from  Tertiary  strata,  and,  as  we  shall  see  further  on,  find  some  interesini^ 
points  of  comparison  between  the  European  and  Amuricun  spider  fauna  of 
Tortiary  times.     (February,  1881.) 

Since  the  above  was  written  the  number  of  known  Paleozoic  Arach- 
nides  has  greatly  increased  and  a  large  proportion  of  them  have  been  placed 
in  a  distinct  order,  Anthraconiarti  Karsch,  with,  eight  or  ten  genera.  (Octo- 
ber, 18Sf>.) 

In  the  classification  of  the  remains  of  these  animals,  from  the  almost 
complete  absence  of  such  characteristic  parts  as  the  details  of  tlus  structure 
of  the  ocelli  and  palpi,  it  has  been  i.ipossible  to  do  much  more  than  to  indi- 
cate the  probable  affinities  of  the  species  to  living  types  by  menus  of  the 
general  resembl  vices  which  the  for»u  of  the  cephalothorax  and  abdomen 
and  the  relative  length  of  the  legs  furnish.  In  a  few  instances  these  can 
hardly  fail  to  furnish  us  with  sufficiently  clear  evidence,  while  in  others  the 
reference  is  plainly  open  to  .»  greater  or  less  d-igree  of  doubt,  which  it  is 
hoped  future  material  will  eventually  extinguish. 

Order  ^CARIN.A  Nitzsoh. 

Acarina  are  by  no  means  rare  in  Tertiary  deposits,  the  group  being 
better  represented  than  any  other  Arachnides  excepting  the  true  spiders, 
and  it  is  quite  in  keeping  with  this  fact  that  the  only  arachnid  yet  discov- 
ered in  the  American  strata  not  belonging  to  the  Araneides  should  fall  in 
this  group.  Yet  the  group  is  unrepresented  even  in  Mesozoic  strata,  while 
the  scorpions  and  their  allies,  nearly  unknown  in  Tertiary  beds,  are  pro- 
})ortionally  abundant  in  earlier  times.  The  amber  of  the  Baltic  is  partic- 
ularly rich  in  Acarina,  thirty-five  species  being  recorded  therefrom,  while 
apart  from  the  Araneides  this  group  is  almost  if  not  quite  the  only  one  rep- 
resented in  the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe;  feebly  represented,  indeed. 


sasK 


ARACHNIDK8-ACAR1NA. 


47 


for  we  have  only  one  specieH  (refenod  to  Lirnnoihiinfrt)  .leHciilied  hy  I  ley- 
den  fron«  Uott;  iinotlKU- from  the  mime  locality  ImHed  njxm  lenf-<?allH  and 
called  IMiytoptUH  anticiuuH,  and  a  third  indicated  merely  (AcaruH)  by  Hoer, 
aH  fimnd  at  Oeninjjen.     (November,  1H81.) 

Gourret  IniH  latterly  deHcribod  amonj?  the  arachnids  of  Tertiary  Aix  a 
couple  of  genera  of  Acarina  with  one  species  each  which  lie  regards  as 
belonging  to  the  Trombididie.     (Oct<»ber,  18H!».) 

IXODES  Latreille. 

No  fossil  species  liave  before  been  referred  to  this  genus  or  anywhere 
near  it.  The  nearest  is  Acarus,  which  is  only  distantly  related,  belonging 
indeed  to  a  distinct  subfamily.  The  species  of  Ixodes,  like  other  ticks,  bury 
themselves  in  the  flesh  of  animals  to  juck  their  blood.  (November,  1881.) 

Ixodes  tertiarius. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  12. 

Ixodti  tertiaritu  Soudder,  aittel,  Handb.  d.  Pal«ont.,  I,  ii,  733,  Pig.  906  (1885). 

Although  there  are  few  definite  salient  points  in  the  structure  of  the 
single  specimen  known,  its  general  appearance  and  its  size  make  it  tolerably 
evident  that  it  belongs  to  the  Ixodidae  or  Ricini  and  probably  to  Ixodes 
proper.  The  body  is  of  a  very  regular  obovate  form,  twice  as  lo.ig  as 
broad,  with  a  slight  indication  of  a  frontal  shield  of  a  triangular  shape  (not 
represented  in  the  plate  and  perhaps  illusory),  formed  by  two  sulcations 
meeting  at  right  angles  and  terminating  just  within  the  front  pair  of  legs  on 
either  side.  The  rostrum  is  not  preserved,  but  the  right  palpus  (poorly 
given  on  the  plate)  is  slender  and  0.2""°  long,  or  rather  projects  beyond  the 
body  to  that  amount.  Nearly  all  the  legs  are  present,  but,  the  hinder  legs 
of  the  left  side  have  been  crowded  out  of  place  and  appear  on  the  right 
side  below  those  which  properly  belong  there,  and  which  apparently  are 
the  upper  four  there  seen.  The  legs  are  apparently  complete,  except  the 
terminal  appendages,  as  they  all  taper  rather  rapidly  at  the  end,  after  the 
manner  of  ticks;  they  are  stout,  short,  and  of  similar  length,  extending 
beyond  the  body  by  about  the  width  of  the  latter. 

Length  of  body,  .3.5""";  breadth  of  same,  1.7.5""". 

Fish-Cut,  Green  River,  Wyoming.     Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  No.  258. 


48 


TERTIARY  INSE0T8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Order  J^KA.NEir>ES  Latreille. 
As  stated  .above,  by  far  the  hirj^er  part  ot  the  fossil  Arachnides  known 
are  true  spiders,  about  one  lumdred  and  ninety  species  liaving  been 
described  from  the  Tertiary  deposits  of  pAirope,  and  more  than  thirty  Ixiny 
added  to  the  total  list  in  this  volume.  These  last  are  distributed  anutni' 
the  larger  grou])s  as  follows:  Saltigrada3  (all  Attides),  three;  Citigradio, 
none;  Laterigradie  (all  true  Thoniisides),  three;  Territelari;e,  none;  Tubi- 
telariic  (.Agalenldes,  one;  Drassides,  five;  Dysderides,  two):zeight;  Retite- 
larisc  (all  Theridides),  four;  Orbitelariiu  (all  Ejjeirides),  fourteen  zr  thirty- 
two.  By  this  it  appears  that  nearly  half  are  Epeirides,  and  that  after  these* 
the  Drassides  ;u'e  best  represented.  A  comparison  of  this  result  with  the 
fossil  spiders  of  Europe  is  shown  by  the  following  table,  in  which  the  per- 
centages of  the  groups  represented  are  compa'.od  in  each  country  with  the 
total  representation  in  each: 

Percentages  of  groups  of  Ttrtiary  spiders  in  Earope  and  in  Jmerica. 


SuborderH. 

Purcuiituge. 

Europe.  1  America. 

! 

Siiltiif radiu  ...   ..................    .... 

8  U 
l(i  0 
3(i  34 
31)                13 

8                44 

Laterigrudti^ 

'i  iibiteluriic  ......  ...... ...... 

Retitelariu) ., -..-.. 

t»7        ,        l»rt 

1 

This  sliows  that  America  is  far  the  richer  in  Orbitelarijv,  and  Europe 
much  better  represented  in  Ketitelariix;:,  less  but  still  considerably  better  in 
Laterigradjv  .and  Tubitelaria\  while  the  Saltigrada^  have  an  almost  ecjuiv- 
alent  representation  in  the  two  countries. 

If,  however,  we  eliminate  from  the  inquiry  the  species  entombed  in 
amber,  and  compare  only  tho:  j  recovered  from  the  rocks  in  which  they 
have  been  preserved,  we  shall  reach  perhaps  a  more  just  comparison, 
although  the  data  will  be  far  more  meager,  America  with  its  thirty-two 
species  being  actually  better  represented  than  Europe  with  its  twenty-two 
species,  all  belonging  to  the  same  five  larger  groups  which  are  represented 
in  America. 


ABACHNIDES— ARANEIDB8.  49 

Peroentaget  ofqroup*  of  Tertiary  apideri  in  Europe  and  America,  exolndlng  those  found  in  amher. 


Soltorders. 


Saltigrodfe  . 
LatfrigradiB 
Tiibilelnria! 
RetitelariiB . 
Orbitelariu). 


Perce  11  tano. 

Europe. 

Ainorioa. 

0.5 
20 
23 
41 
14 

9 

9 

24 

13 

44 

98.  .S 

08 

The  excess  of  proportion  in  America  of  Orbitelarise  ia  here  nearly  as 
great  as  is  shown  in  the  former  table,  but  is  not  so  great  as  the  now  height- 
ened proportion  in  Europe  of  Retitelariae,  while  the  Tubitelariae  are  now 
the  ones  in  which  the  proportion  is  similar  in  each,  the  Laterigradaj  the 
only  one  where  the  proportion  remains  nearly  the  same  as  before,  and  the 
Saltigrada3  are  nearly  lost  sight  of  in  Europe,  a  single  species  being  known. 

If  now  we  carry  the  analysis  a  little  further  we  shall  find  more  inter- 
esting relations,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table,  in  which  all  the 
groups  represented  in  Europe  are  introduced,  and  both  the  total  fauna  and 
the  species  from  the  strata  tabulated : 

Number  ofspeoiee  of  Tertiary  npidere  found  in  Europe  and  in  America,  byfamiliei. 


Suborders. 

Families, 

In  Europe, 

inclmliii); 

those  ill 

amber. 

In  Europe, 

exclndinK 

thoHe  ill 

amber. 

III  Ainorioa. 

Attides 

14 
3 
3 
4 

•Jl 

(i 
1 

14 

3ri 

12 

3 

3 

1 

54 

16 

I 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
0 
3 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 

3 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
J 
5 
3 
0 
0 
0 
4 
14 

rtttlcrj'Adm 

Kr6Hoidffi      ....  ...■ .--. 

LycosoidsB  .... .... .... 

TArritelariiB .... . ...... 

Uticortaiu 

ThevBphosoidm 

Rflt  itAlariiE)              - . . 

DrnHsideB 

Herailioidffi  ... .... .... 

SoytodoidfiD 

Tberididos 

EpeirideB 

VOL  XIII- 


50 


TERTIARY  INbECIS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Here  it  appears  at  a  glance  that  exactly  the  same  groups  are  represented 
in  the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe  and  America  in  every  instance,  except- 
ing the  Dysderides,  which  is  unrepresented  in  Europe  and  has  a  single 
meniber  in  America.  It  also  appears  that  only  those  groups  which-  are 
represented  abundantly  in  amber  (and  all  of  them)  are  also  represented  to 
some  extent  in  the  American  fauna  and  (excepting,  as  before,  the  Dysder- 
ides) in  the  European  rocks.  Exception  should  perhaps  be  made  for  the 
European  amber  genus  Archa;a,  the  position  of  which  in  the  Laterigradse  is 
uncertain,  and  of  which  Thorell  says:  "This  genus  may  perhaps  for  the 
present  best  be  taken  as  the  type  of  a  separate  family"  of  Laterigradse 
(European  spiders,  p.  232).  Six  species  are  known,  and  they  are  classed 
above  as  uncertain.  The  relation  brought  out  in  this  table  is  certainly 
striking,  but  it  should  be  noticed  at  the  same  time  that  the  Drassides  and 
Theridides,  and  especially  the  latter,  are  enormously  rejjresented  in  the  Bal- 
tic amber,  and  in  comparison  with  them  (though  not  by  any  means  to  the 
same  extent,  in  comparison  with  the  other  groups)  feebly  represented  in  the 
stratifier"  deposits  of  Europe  and  America. 

We  may  venture  one  further  investigation,  althougli  little  weight  can  be 
given  to  it  from  the  meagerness  of  the  data,  viz,  a  comparison  of  the  per- 
centage of  representation  of  the  different  larger  gi'oups  in  the  different 
horizons  of  Tertiary  times  in  Europe  with  that  of  Florissant,  where  all  the 
American  species  so  far  known  have  been  found. 

Percentage  of  groups  of  Tertiary  spiders  of  Florissant,  Colorado,  compared  with  those  of  Europe. 


Suborders. 


SaltigradiB  . 
Laterigrado) 
TubitelsriiB 
Retitelario) . 
Orbitelarin. 


Plorifiaant. 


Amber  and 

Aix;  Ligu- 

rian  (Oligo- 

oeno). 


9 

9 

24 

12 

44 


98 


9 
10 
37 

28 
8 


Rott; 
Aquitauian 

(Lower 
Miocene). 


0 
13 
25 
37 
25 


100 


OeningeD ; 
Tortonian 

(Upper 
Miocene). 


0 
30 
30 
30 
10 


100 


As  this  table  shows  so  great  a  difference  between  the  percentage  of 
representation  in  the  Oligocene  and  Lower  Miocene  of  Europe  that  it  can 
scarcely  prove  very  instructive,  it  still  seems  to  indicate  a  greater  difference 
between  the  Florissant  deposits  and  those  of  Oeningen  than  between  the 


AEACHNIDES— AiJANEIDBS. 


51 


former  and  either  cf  the  others ;  and  although  the  proportionate  numbers  of 
Tubitelariae  and  Orbitehiriae  of  Florissant  and  especially  of  the  former 
group  are  more  nearly  like  those  of  Rott,  the  representation  of  the  groups 
in  general  allies  Florissant  on  the  whole  with  the  Oligocene  rather  than 
with  the  Lower  Miocene  of  Europe. 

Of  extinct  genera  there  have  certainly  been  proposed  a  very  large  num- 
1  n-  for  the  European  Araneidae,  more  than  half  the  genera  to  which  the 
species  have  been  referred  having  been  described  as  new  and  peculiar  to 
Tertiary  times;  these  genera  include  about  two-fifths  of  the  species.  Among 
the  genera  are  some  remarkable  forms,  such  as  Ai'chsea  and  Mizalia,  each  of 
which  is  considered  by  Thorell  andotnersas  representing  a  distinct  family.' 
Two  only  of  the  thirteen  genera  to  which  the  American  species  are  referred 
are  described  as  new,  and  to  them  are  referred  seven  of  the  thirty-two 
spec'es.  Other  genera,  not  before  recognized  in  a  fossil  state,  but  here 
i-ecorded  from  American  strata,  are  Titanoeca,  Tetragnatha,  and  Nephila. 
To  enter  into  details,  seventy-one  genera  of  Araneidaj  have  been  described 
from  the  Tertiaries,  sixty-six  from  Europe,  f.nd  thirteen  (below)  from 
America,  eight  being  common  to  both.  Of  these  seventy-one  genera  thirty- 
seven  are  accounted  axtinct,  thirty-five  from  Europe,  and  two  from  America, 
none  of  these  being  found  in  both  countries.  The  European  genera  are,  as 
may  be  suppo.sed,  largely  composed  of  amber  species,  no  less  than  fifty- 
two,  including  thirty-two  c  tinct  genera,  being  confined  to  amber  deposits, 
besides  others  which  they  possess  in  common  with  the  stratified  beds. 

If  it  be  asked  what  indication  .  the  fossil  spiders  of  Florissant  give  as  to 
the  climate  of  that  district  in  I'ertiary  times,  there  is  but  one  answer  which 
can  be  given:  that  the  present  distribution  of  their  al  s  certainly  points  to 
a  considerably  warmer  climate  than  now,  a  climate  which  may  perhaps  best 
be  compared  to  the  middle  zone  of  our  Southern  States.  The  known  living 
species  of  the  genera  to  which  they  belong  are  in  general  credited  to  regions 
like  Georgia  in  this  country  and  the  two  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  in 
Europe  ;  but  our  own  species  are  so  little  known  that  nothing  can  be  said 
very  definitely  upon  their  immediate  relationship  with  exotic  or  indigenous 
forms.  The  presence  of  species  of  Theridium,  Linyphia,  Tethneus,  and 
Epeira,  including  two-fifths  of  the  species,  has  no  special  significance,  but 
Thomisus,  Segestria,  Clubiona,  Anyphtena,  and  Titanoeca,  and  especially 

I A  good  critical  reviovr  of  the  described  fossil  species  of  Araneides  will  \m  found  ia  Tliorell's  Euro- 
pean  Spident,  p'p.  'JiKi-^3. 


52 


TERTIARY  IN8KCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Parattus,  Tetragnatha,  and  Nephila  certainly  present  an  ensemble  the  indi- 
cations of  H    ■  A  can  not  be  overlooked.     (November,  1881.) 

Since  the  above  was  written  a  notable  addition  to  our  knowledge  of 
the  Arachnides  of  Tertiary  Europe  has  been  made  by  Gourret  in  a  paper 
on  those  of  Aix,  in  which  among  others  eighteen  species  of  Araneides 
are  described,  including  Eresoidas  (t.vo  species),  Lycosoida3  (two  species), 
Theraphosoidse  (one  species),  Dysderidos  (one  species),  Hersilioidse  (two 
species),  Urocteoidai  (two  species),  Enyoida3  (one  species),  none  of  which 
families  had  before  been  found  in  European  rocks,  and  the  last  two  not 
even  in  amber.     (O    r»ber,  1889.) 

In  the  measurements  of  legs  in  the  Araneides  the  length  of  the  femur 
is  the  distance  of  the  apex  of  the  femur  beyond  the  margin  of  the  cephalo- 
tliorax,  no  account  being  taken  of  the  coxa,  unless  it  is  specially  mentioned; 
so  too  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsus,  which  according  to  arachnologists  is  con- 
solidated with  the  tibia,  is  here  regarded  (in  the  measurements)  as  a  f  .^rtof 
the  tibia,  and  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  alone  measured  as 
tarsi,  except  when,  as  in  Tethneus  hentzii  and  Tlioraisus  defossus,  separate 
account  is  taken  of  them. 

Suborder  SALTIGRAD^  Latreille. 

As  in  the  north  temperate  zone  to-day,  so  in  Tertiary  times,  the  two 
families  of  Saltigradai,  Attides  and  Eresoida^,  are  very  unequally  represented 
in  species,  only  two  fossil  species  of  the  latter  family  being  known  against 
seventeen  of  the  former.  The  two  Eresoidae  are  amber  species;  of  the  Attides, 
thirteen  are  known  from  amber,  one  from  Aix  in  Provence,  and  three  from 
Florissant,  Colorado,  described  below.     (November,  1881.) 

Since  this  was  written  Gourret  has  described  one  species  of  each  of 
these  tv'O  families  from  Aix. 

Family  ATTIDES  Koch. 

The  fossil  species  of  this  family  of  jumping  spiders  hitherto  recorded 
are  all  confined  to  the  Prussian  amber  excepting  one,  a  sjiecies  referred  to 
a  new  genus,  Attoides,  described  by  Brongniart  from  Aix.  Tiie  amber 
species  are  referred  to  four  genera,  ICuophrys  (one),  Gorgopis  (live),  Pro- 
petes  (five),  and  Steneattus  (one),  besides  an  undescribed  species  referred 
by  Menge  to  Salticus.  The  species  of  Gorgopis  were  formerly  referred 
to  Phidippus,  a  genus  richly  represented  to-day  in  North  America,  and  it 


AKACHNIDES-ARANEIDE8-SALTIGUADJ5. 


53 


18  therefore  interesting^  to  notice  that  t'le  three  species  described  below  and 
referred  to  a  new  and  aberrant  genus  of  the  family,  Parattiis,  are  more 
nearly  related  to  Gorgopis  than  apparently  to  any  other  known,  and  that 
the  amber  genus  contains  nearly  one-half  of  the  species  of  this  fatnily  pre- 
served in  Europe  from  Oligocene  times.  The  species  of  this  family  are 
spread  all  over  the  world,  both  in  tropical  and  temperate  regions,  but  seem 
to  be  comparatively  rare  in  Africa  south  of  the  desert.  (November,  1881.) 
Gourret  has  added  another  species  from  Aix,  referred  to  an  extinct 

genua,  Attopsia. 

PARATTUS,  gen.  nov.  (;ra>o?,  aTtoo). 

The  three  species  here  referred  to  the  Attoidae  seem  to  belong  to  a  dis- 
tinct genus  allied  to  Gorgopis  of  the  Prussian  amber,  in  that  the  posterior 
eyes  are  placed  far  behind  the  others,  but  differing  markedly  from  that,  as 
from  all  members  of  the  family,  so  far  aa  I  know,  in  two  points:  (I)  The 
exterior  eyes  of  the  first  row  are  placed  a  little  in  advance  of  the  median 
pair  of  the  same  row,  and  (2),  more  particularly,  they  are  as  large  as 
or  scarcely  smaller  than  these  median  eyes.  The  anterior  row,  therefore, 
is  formed  of  four  very  large,  nearly  equal  and  nearly  equidistant  eyes, 
arranged  in  a  gentle  curve  opening  forward;  the  eyes  of  the  second  row, 
so  far  as  known,  are  minute  and  situated  within  and  behind  and  in  close 
proximity  to  the  median  eyes  of  the  anterior  row,  while  those  of  the  third 
row,  so  far  aa  known,  are  of  medium  size,  placed  at  a  greater  or  less  dis- 
tance apart  in  the  middle  of  the  cephalothorax,  as  in  the  American  genua 
Phidippua  and  the  amber  Gorgopis.  The  American  genus  Phidippus  is 
confined  to  the  warmer  parts  of  the  continent  and  to  a  large  extent  to  the 
tropics,  so  that  the  presence  of  this  somewhat  allied  genus  indicates,  so  far 
as  such  analogy  indicates  anything,  a  warmer  climate  in  early  times  for 
Florissant. 

TahU  of  the  ipemea  of  Parattut. 

Cephalothorax  and  abdoiiiPii  well  rounded,  with  convex  sides ...1.  P.  reiurreotiiH. 

Cenhalothorax  quadrate,  with  nearly  8tri>ight  sides. 

Small  species ;  cephalothorax  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  abdomen  quadrate.. 2.  P.evocatut. 

Large  species ;  cephalothcrax  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  abdomen  round  ..  .3.  P.  laittatM. 

1.    PaKATTUS   RESURBECTU8. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  26  (  9  ?). 

Cephalothorax  broad  oval,  subquadrate,  the  aides  gently  convex,  the 
two  ends  broadly  rounded;  front  regularly  semicircular;  the  two  middle 
eyes  of  the  anterior  row  very  large,  circular,  situated  just  behind  the  front 
edge;  the  lateral  eyes  of  the  same  row  nearly  or  quite  as  large,  circular, 


54 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERIOA. 


forming  with  these  a  very  slightly  curved  row,  opening  forwards,  of  equi- 
distant eyes.  Eyes  of  second  row  from  one-eighth  to  one-tenth  the  size  of 
those  of  the  first  row,  situated  behind  and  within  the  middle  anterior  pair,  so 
that  lines  drawn  through  the  middle  of  the  large  and  small  ones  would  meet 
in  a  right  angle  behind  the  small  ones  and  leave  them  distant  from  each  other 
by  about  their  own  diameter;  the  outer  edge  of  either  of  the  small  ones  is 
behind  the  inner  edge  of  one  of  the  large  ones ;  the  eyes  of  the  third  row 
are  not  discernible  on  either  of  the  specimens,  and  on  one  the  lateral  eyes, 
on  the  other  the  eyes  of  the  second  row,  can  not  be  seen. 

Palpi  of  the  male  with  the  tip  very  large,  conchiform,  as  if  made  of 
three  whorls,  the  middle  twice  as  large  as  the  other  two  together  and  sub- 
globose,  the  terminal  small  and  globular.  Only  one  palpus  is  exposed,  but 
the  other  may  partially  be  seen  through  the  cephalothorax.  Abdomen 
short  ovate,  somewhat  larger  than  the  cephalothorax,  being  somewhat 
longer  and  slightly  broader,  subacuminate  at  tip,  with  a  pair  of  short  styles 
darkest  in  a  broad  mediodorsal  band.  Legs  moderately  long  and  slender, 
subequal,  not  greatly  tapering,  furnished  throughout  and  rather  abundantly 
with  generally  alternate,  divergent,  long,  and  tapering  spines,  fully  as  long 
as  tilt  width  of  the  joint  from  which  they  rise. 

Length  of  body,  4.85""';  cephalothorax,  2"'" ;  abdomen,  2.85""";  width 
of  cephalothorax,  L6""";  abdomen,  L?"™;  longer  axis  of  middle  section  of 
palpal  swelling,  0.8"'";  length  of  whole  sweUing,  1.45""";  length  of  first  pair 
of  legs,  5.5°"";  second  pair,  5.5'"™;  third  pair,  4""'  (?) ;  fourth  pair,  4.75°'"'. 
Excepting  in  the  palp  the  measurements  are  those  of  the  female. 

One  of  the  specimens  is  a  niale;  the  other,  the  palpi  of  which  are  not 
preserved,  is  judged  to  be  a  female  merely  from  its  variation  from  the  other 
in  its  larger  abdomen.  The  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  th  >  others 
by  the  rounded  outline  of  the  cephalothorax  both  on  the  sides  and  on  the 
strongly  convex  front. 

Florissant.    One  S,  No.  1081;  one  $,  Nos.  8282  and  8459. 

2.  Parattus  evocatus. 

Cephalothorax  subquadrate,  somewhat  less  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  slightly  broadest  posteriorly,  with  straight,  scarcely  divergent  sides; 
anterior  and  posterior  margins  broadly  convex,  the  lateral  angles  well 
rounded  off;  eyes  of  anterior  row  large,  round,  equal,  equidistant,  the 
middle  ones  at  less  than  their  own  diameter  from  the  front  edge  and  from 


ARAGHNIDES— ARANEIDES— SALTlGUADiE. 


55 


each  other,  the  whole  arranged  in  a  slightly  curving  row  opening  forward; 
eyes  of  second  row  indistinguishable;  those  of  third  row  rounded  oval, 
obliquely  placed,  situated  each  in  the  center  of  either  lateral  half  of  the 
cephalothorax.  Abdomen  slightly  longer  than  the  cephalothorax,  of  the 
same  width,  with  nearly  straight  sides,  rounded  off  anteriorly  and  tapering 
to  a  subangulate  apex  on  the  posterior  third  or  fourth.  The  cephalothorax 
18  blackish  in  the  middle  posteriorly,  and  all  the  abdomen  but  the  terminal 
tapering  part  is  nearly  black.  Legs  very  poorly  and  imperfectly  preserved, 
but  evidently  tolerably  stout  and  furnished  w'*h  abundant,  divergent,  taper- 
ing, slender  spines. 

Lengthof  body,  6.65""";  cephalothorax,  3"" ;  abdomen,  3.65""';  breadth 
ofcephalothorax  anteriorly,  1.8™™;  posteriorly,  2""';  abdomen,  LS"";  length 
of  first  pair  of  legs,  7.5""". 

The  specimen  is  presumed  to  be  a  female  from  some  faint  traces  of  a 
slender  palpus.  The  squareness  of  the  form  distinguishes  this  from  the  pre- 
ceding species;  from  P.  latitatus  it  differs  by  its  smaller  size  and  propor- 
tionally shorter  cephalothorax  as  well  as  by  the  more  rounded  front  of  the 
latter. 

Florissant.     One  ?,  No.  12005. 

3.  Parattus  latitatus. 

Cephalothorax  quadrate,  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  equal, 
with  straight  and  parallel  sides,  the  extreme  anterior  and  posterior  angles 
rounded  off;  front  nearly  straiglit  between  the  rounded  angles.  Eyes  of  ante- 
rior row  large,  equal,  circular,  subequidistant,  the  middle  pair  situated  their 
own  diameter  behind  the  front,  the  lateral  ones  at  the  front,  forming  thus  a 
curving  series  opening  forward;  eyes  of  second  row  not  discernible  in  the 
single  specimen;  those  of  third  row  also  doubtful,  but  apparently  repre- 
sented by  a  pair  of  spots  considerably  smaller  than  the  anterior  eyes, 
slightly  nearer  together  than  the  middle  pair  and  situated  a  little  in  front 
of  the  middle.  Across  the  middle  of  the  cephalothorax,  or  rather  a  little 
behind  it,  is  a  straight,  raised,  black  line,  in  front  of  which  the  cephalotho- 
rax is  black  in  a  very  large  round  patch.  Abdomen  almost  globular, 
shorter  than  the  cephalothorax  but  much  broader,  covered  profusely  with 
dusky  and  blackish  hairs.  Legs  moderately  slender  and  long,  armed 
sparsely  with  very  long  and  slender  tapering  spines  longer  than  the  breadth 
of  the  femora. 


56 


TKRTIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Leiifrth  of  body,  Idb""";  cephalothorax,  4.2""";  abdomen,  3.5"""*; 
breadth  of  cephalothomx,  l.T""';  abdomen,  3.2"'"'. 

The  legs  are  imperfect  in  tlie  single  specimen  known,  and  as  no  palpi 
are  preserved  the  sex  is  uncertain.  The  species  differs  from  both  the  pre- 
ceding in  its  much  larger  size;  from  P  resurrectus  also  in  its  very  quadrate 
cephalothorax,  and  from  P.  evocatus  in  its  globular  abdomen. 

Florissant,  No.  9823. 

Suborder  LATERIGRAD^E  Thorell. 

The  two  families  of  crevice-inhabiting  crab-spiders  which  have  been 
found  fossil  in  Tertiary  deposits,  Thoniisides  and  Philodrominae,  are  both 
(the  former  particularly)  common  at  the  present  day  in  Europe  and  North 
America.  The  fossil  species  belong  mostly  to  the  former,  only  four  species 
of  PiiilodrominsE  having  been  recorded,  all  from  amber,  while  tw,  nty-one 
Thomisides  are  known,  not  including  those  described  below,  all  of  which 
also  fall  here.  In  this  statement  the  strange  amber  genus  Archaja  is  not 
included,  since,  though  placed  by  both  Menge  and  Thorell  in  this  group, 
it  differs  strikingly  from  the  other  members  and  should  form  a  family  group 
apart  from  them,  having  no  known  affinities  with  any  of  the  species  from 
the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe  or  America.     (November,  1881.) 

Two  additional  species  of  Thomisides  have  lately  been  described  from 
Aix  by  Gourret.     (October,  1889.) 

Family  THOMISIDES  Sundevall. 

All  but  four  of  the  fossil  Thomisides  described  up  to  the  present  time 
come  from  amber  and  represent  the  genera  Athera  (one  species),  Clythia 
(five  species),  Ocypete  (four  species),  Opisthophylax  (one  species),  Syphax 
(five  species),  and  Thomisus  (one  species).  Thomisus  is  also  represented, 
with  Xysticus,  by  two  species  each  in  the  stratified  deposits  of  Oeningen 
and  Rott,  the  latter  locality  furnishing  one  Xysticus,  the  former  the  remain- 
ing species.  The  species  described  below  appear  pretty  certainly  to  fall  in 
the  Thomisides  proper  and  probably  also  in  the  vicinity  of  Thomisus  or 
Xysticus.  The  family  is  widely  distributed  in  all  parts  of  the  world. 
(November,  1881.) 

The  two  species  recently  described  by  Gourret  from  Aix  are  regarded 
as  types  of  extinct  genera  which  he  terms  Amphithomisutf  and  Pseudotho- 
misus.     (October,  1889.) 


n 


ABAOHNIDES— AHANEIDES— LATERIGRADJB. 


67 


THOMISUS  Walckenaer. 

Three  species  of  Thoinisides  occur  in  the  Tertiaries  of  Colorado,  and 
apparently  all  of  them  (one  is  mutilated)  belong  to  the  true  Thomisinae,  in 
which  the  hinder  two  pairs  of  legs  are  much  weaker  than  the  others.  As 
the  cephalothorax  is  in  all  cases  poorly  prederved  or  lost,  it  is  Impossible  to 
speak  at  all  definitely  of  their  generic  relations,  and  therefore  I  have  placed 
all  of  them  in  the  typical  genus  Thomisus,  from  which  the  family  derives 
its  name,  and  which,  or  Xysticus,  il  ^  near  ally,  they  closely  resemble  in 
general  appearance.  In  all  the  abdomen  is  nearly  round.  It  is  interesting 
to  find,  as  observed  above,  that  the  species  of  this  family  from  the  stratified 
deposits  of  the  European  Tertiaries  have  also  been  placed  in  Thomisus  and 
Xysticus,  though  none  of  them  appear  to  be  very  closely  allied  to  our 
species. 

This  genus  is  widely  spread,  but  nearly  all  the  species  belong  to  the 
warm  temperate  regions  of  Europe  and  North  America.     (November,  1881.) 

Table  of  the  tpeeies  of  Thomiiut. 

TibiiB  of  hinder  pairs  of  legs  broader  at  tip  tlian  at  base,  and  much  broader  than  the  tarsi ...  1.  T.  retutu$. 
TibiHi  of  hinder  pairs  of  legs  of  equal  width  throughout. 

Small  species;  femora  of  Urstpairof  legs  half  as  long  again  as  those  of  second  pair;  tarsi  as  broad 

asthetibite •i.T.dUjunetut. 

Large  species;  femora  of  first  and  second  pairs  of  legs  of  about  equal  length;  last  tarsal  Joint 
slenderer  than  the  tibiw .  3.  T.  d^o»»tM. 

1.  Thomisus  resutus. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  13. 

Abdomen  plump,  short  ovate,  about  a  fourth  longer  again  than  broad, 
the  base  broad,  the  sides  well  rounded,  the  hinder  extremity  full,  with  the 
extreme  apex  squarely  truncate.  Only  a  fragment  of  the  cephalothorax 
remains,  showing  the  broad  attachment  of  the  abdomen.  The  two  hinder 
pairs  of  legs  only  are  preserved,  showing  limbs  of  considerable  length,  bent 
forward,  the  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  longer  than  the  tibios 
and  flattened,  largest  in  the  middle;  the  tibiae  are  straight,  completely  con- 
solidated with  the  first  tarsal  joint  as  in  spiders  generally,  also  flattened, 
slender  at  base  and  gradually  though  slightly  increasing  in  size  apically,  a 
peculiarity  which  is  not  shown  in  the  plate;  the  tarsi  are  much  slenderer, 
not  flattened,  and  longer  than  the  tibiae,  tlie  first  joint  alone  being  nearly  as 


I 


58 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


long  as  they;  the  whole  leg  is  devoid  of  armature  or  clothing  and  none  is 
perceptible  on  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  abdomen,  'A'"'";  breadth,  2.5""";  length  of  third  pair  of  legs, 
r».3""";  itsfenjora,  1.85""";  tibiit,  1.(15"'"';  tarsi,  1.8"'"';  first  joint  of  same, 
1.2™"';  second  joint,  O.G""";  fourth  pair  of  legs,  7.45"'"';  its  femora,  2.75"""'; 
width  of  same,  0.5""' ;  its  tibia;,  1.5'""' ;  widtli  of  same  at  base,  0.25"""  ;  at 
tip,  0.4™";  its  tarsi,  3.2'""  ;  width  of  same,  0.1""" ;  length  of  first  joint,  2'""'; 
second  joint,  1.2"'°'. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  in  which  all  anterior  to  the  two  hinder 
pairs  of  legs  is  lost.  The  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  either  of 
those  here  described  by  the  unequal  width  of  the  tibije,  as  well  as  for  tlie 
disparity  in  width  between  the  tibiaj  and  tarsi.  As  the  front  legs  are  want- 
ing, this  may  not  so  properly  be  referable  as  the  others  to  the  Thomisides 
rather  than  the  Philodrominse. 

Florissant.     Nos.  5502  and  7521. 


2.    ThOMISUS   DI8JUNCTU8. 
PI,  11,  Fig.  9. 

Cephalothorax  obscure  in  both  specimens,  and  apparently  preceded  by 
a  slender  beal<,  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen  and  divided  into  two 
lateral  halves  closely  united  ;  they  seem  to  be  a  pair  of  elongated  cheliceres, 
but  are  poorly  preserved  in  both  cases.  Abdomen  rounded,  short  oval, 
about  a  fourth  longer  than  broad,  with  both  ends  equally  rounded.  Legs 
long  and  slender,  the  two  front  pairs  longer  than  the  hinder  two,  the  first 
also  considerably  longer  than  the  second  ;  the  femora  are  long  and  slender 
(the  front  pair  about  as  long  as  the  abdomen),  flattened  and  tapering  at 
either  end;  the  tibiaj  and  first  tarsal  joint  are  completely  consolidated  into  a 
single  piece,  so  that  the  line  of  demarkation  can  not  be  seen,  and  are  very 
slender,  equal,  as  long  as  the  femora;  the  other  tarsal  joints  are  together 
less  than  half  as  long  as  the  previous  member  and  scarcely  slenderer  than 
it,  terminating  in  a  slightly  curved  delicately  pointed  claw  as  long  as  the 
width  of  the  tarsus. 

Length  of  abdomen,  1.75™"'  ;  breadth,  1.45™°;  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  4.2™™;  its  femur,  1.8™™;  tibia,  1.7™™;  tarsus,  0.7™™;  second  pair, 
2.85™™;  femur,  1.2™™  ;  tibia,  1.15™™;  tarsus,  0.5™™;  tibia  of  third  pair,  1.05™™; 
tarsus,  0.4™™ ;  fourth  pair,  2.2™™ ;  femur,  1™™  ;  tibia,  0.8™™;  tarsus,0.4™™. 


ARACHNIDEa-AKANKIDKa— LATBItKiUADyF:. 


59 


The  sex  of  both  speciniena  Ih  uncertain.  Tlie  Bi)ecie8  ia  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  the  others  by  its  small  size,  slender  aii<l  long  legs,  and  the 
complete  consolidation  of  the  tibia  and  first  tarsal  joint. 

Florissant.    Nos.  9677,  10377. 

3.   T^OM18U8   DEF088U8. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  23,  g  . 

Cephalothorax  bent  at  a  strong  angle  with  the  abdonien  and  perhaps 
distorted  in  the  single  specimen  known,  but  as  preserved  it  is  of  an  oval 
shape,  slenderer  than  the  abdomen,  but  not  much  smaller,  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  similarly  and  fully  rounded  at  either  end,  the  sides  not 
strongly  convex ;  it  appears  to  have  a  median  transverse  constriction  and 
incision.  Nothing  can  be  made  out  of  the  eyes,  but  a  single  large,  black, 
Hubcircular,  palpal  swelling  (^represented  of  the  same  tint  with  the  rest  and 
merged  with  the  cephalothorax  on  the  plate)  lies  bordering  the  middle 
of  the  front,  a  little  broader  than  long.  Abdomen  very  bread  ovate,  not 
more  than  a  third  to  a  fourth  longer  than  broad,  the  base  slightly  broadest 
and  broadly  rounded,  the  apex  similarly  rounded  and  the  sides  between  the 
well-rounded  corners  nearly  straight;  a  faint  separation  into  three  or  four 
segments  can  also  be  seen,  and  the  surface  is  sparsely  covered  with  minute 
short  black  hairs.  Front  pairs  of  legs  much  larger  than  the  hinder,  show- 
ing that  the  species  is  one  of  the  true  Thomisinte,  the  femora  large,  swollen 
in  the  middle  and  depressed,  the  front  pairs  much  longer  than,  the  hinder 
pairs  nearly  as  long  as,  the  abdomen;  the  tibiiE  proper  are  very  distinctly 
separated  from  the  first  joint  of  tarsi  (in  the  other  species  it  is  reckoned  with 
them  in  the  measurements),  excepting  on  the  hindmost  legs  having  a  distinct 
oval  form  of  their  own,  about  half  as  long  again  as  broad;  the  first  joint  of 
the  tarsi  is  only  a  little  shorter  than  the  femora  (on  these  same  legs)  and 
with  the  tibia  longer  than  the  femora ;  it  is  armed  sparingly  with  long  and 
slender  recumbent  spines;  the  second  and  third  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  sub- 
equal,  together  shorter  than  the  first  joint,  and  besides  their  sparse  clothing 
of  short  fine  black  hairs  the  tip  is  armed  with  a  single  short  blunt  claw. 

Length  of  cephalothorax,  S-S""  ;  breadth,  2.1""° ;  length  of  abdomen, 
4.2""";  breadth,  2.7"""  ;  lengthof  first  pair  of  legs  (as  pi  oserved),  7.75"'"' ;  its 
femora,  3.5'""' ;  tibia  (proper),  1.1"'"';  (true)  first  joint  of  tarsi,  2.4"'"';  second 
joint  (as  preserved),  l"""" ;  femora  of  second  pair  of  legs,  S"" ;  third  pair  of 


60 


TBRTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOUTIl  AMERICA. 


legs,  T.IS""  ;  its  femora,  2.()'""' ;  its  tibia  (proper),  0.8""" ;  (triio)  first  joint 
of  tarsi,  2'"'";  hocoihI  joint,  1""";  third  j»)int,  0.7")""";  femora  of  fourtii  pair 
of  legs,  ;r'"" ;  its  tibia  (proper),  1°""';  (combined  tibia  and  first  joint  of  tarsi 
(as  preserved),  ,'}  a""". 

Tliis  species  is  very  readil)'  separated  from  the  others  by  its  size,  and 
iindoubteiUy  biiloiigs  to  a  genus  distinct  from  them;  the  specialization  of 
the  tibia  proper  is  suifieient  indication  of  this. 

Florissant.     One  <?,  No.  4742. 

Suborder  TUBITELARI^  Thorell. 

This  group  of  spiders,  given  to  the  construction  of  silken  tubes  above 
ground,  is  considered  by  Thorell  as  the  most  lowly  organized  of  the  Ara- 
neides,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that  it  is  far  better  represented  in  the 
Tertiary  deposits  than  any  other,  comprising  more  than  one-third  of  the 
species  now  known  and  3(j  per  cent,  of  the  fossil  species  of  Euroj)e.  It  is 
equally  remaikable  for  its  diversity  of  form,  all  the  families  which  are  rich 
in  genera  in  Europe  at  the  present  time  being  well  represented  in  the  Ter- 
tiaries  of  that  country,  and  particularly  in  amber,  both  in  genera  and  spe- 
cies; especially,  as  we  shall  see  below,  is  this  true  of  the  Drassides,  a  group 
which  is  only  surpassed  in  the  nuud)er  of  its  fossil  species  and  the  variety 
of  its  genera  by  the  Tiieridides.  It  is,  however,  neither  of  these  families, 
but  the  Epeirities,  which  predominates  in  the  American  Tertiaries,  though 
next  to  these  the  Tubitelarise  stand  pre-eminent,  and  pail  .  ilarly  the  family 
of  Drassides,  already  mentioned.  The  same  three  families,  viz,  Dysderides, 
Drassides,  and  Agelenides,  which  are  best  represented  in  the  European 
Tertiaries  and  are  most  abundant  in  species  at  the  present  day,  are  also 
present  in  the  American  strata,  the  first  by  a  single  species,  the  second  by 
five,  and  the  last  by  two,  in  all  one-fourth  of  the  American  Araneides. 
(November,  1881.) 

Family  DYSDERIDES  Koch. 

Three  genera  of  this  family,  Dysdera  (four  species),  Segestria  (eight 
species),  and  Therea  (two  species),  have  been  found  in  Prussian  amber, 
and  comprise  all  the  fossil  species  known  up  to  the  present  time.  To  this 
list  we  can  add  from  America  one  species,  belonging  to  the  genus  most 
richly  represented  in  amber.     So  far  as  known  the  living  species  of  this 


ARACIINIDBS— AUANKIDB8— TUBITELARLIi!. 


61 


family,  whicli  are  not  mimoroiw,  are  almost  excluHivoly  confined  to  tint 
Enropean  fauna  (especially  the  Mediterranean  district)  and  to  South  Amer- 
ica.    (November,  1881.) 

Gourret  has  recently  described  a  species  of  this  family  from  Aix,  the 
first  known  from  the  European  rocka;  it  i«  referred  to  an  extinct  jfeinis, 
I'rodysdera.     (October,  1889.) 

SEOESTRIA  Latreille. 

A  sMigle  species  is  referable  to  this  "jenus,  and  with  little  doubt,  as  it 
bears  a  strikin-,'  resemblance  to  the  living  S.  senoculata  (Linn.)  of  Europe. 
Eight  species  of  the  genus  have  been  found  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  all 
from  the  ambtr  of  the  Unltic,  and  two  others  are  reported  as  known  to 
Menge  from  the  same  source.  All  the  described  amber  species  are  smaller 
than  the  American  species,  and  liavo  longer  legs  and  more  elongated  cepha- 
lothorax,  being  evidently  more  nearly  related  to  one  another  than  to  the 
American  form.  The  living  species  of  the  genus  are  found  in  southern 
Europe,  northern  Africa,  and  C'-ili,  with  a  single  one  in  New  Zealand.  A 
warm  temperate  climate  is  therefore  indicated.     (November,  1881.) 

SeGESTRIA   8ECE88A. 

PL  11,  Fig.  28  (  9  ). 

Female.— Ge\)ha.\ot\\orax  short,  rounded  ovate,  about  one-fourth  longer 
than  broad,  with  no  distinction  of  cephalic  and  thoracic  areas,  the  front 
broadly  rounded,  obscure,  with  no  trace  of  eyes.  Mandibles  very  stout, 
tapering,  rounded  at  the  tip,  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  half  as  long  as 
the  cephalothorax,  and  together  as  broad  at  base  as  the  front  of  the 
cephalothorax.  Palpi  slender,  longer  than  the  cephalothorax.  Abdomen 
rather  long  ovate,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  and  a  little 
broader,  broadest  in  the  middle,  tapering  only  a  little  toward  the  base, 
considerably  toward  the  acuminate  tip.  Whole  body  of  an  almost  uni- 
formly dark  color.  Legs  subequal,  moderately  long,  and  pretty  slender, 
tapering  a  little  only,  the  tibiai  and  tarsi  furnished  above  with  lateral  rows 
of  very  long  tapering  spines  which  do  aot  diverge,  but  lie  along  the  sides 
base  to  tip. 

Length  of  body,  9.5°"";    cephalothorax,  2.75"™;    abdomen,    5.25'»"'; 
breadth  of  cephalothorax,  2.25""";  abdomen,  2.65"";  length  of  cheliceres, 


62 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


,1 


1.5""°;  extent  of  palpi  beyond  corselet,  3.5""°;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs, 
lO'"™;  itsfeuumi,  a-""';  tibi:B,  1.5""";  tarsi,  5.5°'"';  second  pair,  9.5"'"';  femora 
and  tibiib,  S-TS"'"";  tarsi,  5.75"'°';  third  pair,  0.6"°';  femora  and  tibire,  2.6'°"; 
tarsi,  4""»;  fourth  pair,  10.2°"°;  femora,  2.4"'°';  tibi*,  2'""';  tarsi,  5.8""'. 

Florissant.    Two  2 ,  Nos.  205,  and  1.806  and  1.818  of  the  Princeton  col 
lections. 

Family  DRA-SSiDES  Sundevall. 

This  family  in  i-ichly  represented  in  Tertiary  species ;  indeed,  except- 
ing Therididns,  more  richly  than  any  other  family  of  Araneides,  being  repre- 
seuLdd  i.i  Europe  by  tin.  genera  Anatone  (three  species),  Clubiona  (eight 
species),  Maoaria  (five  species),  Melanophora  (five  species),  Pythonissa 
(ten  species),  and  Sosybius  (two  species),  as  well  as  by  one  species  each  of 
Anypluena,  Drassus,  Erithus,  Heteromma,  and  Idmonia.  Every  one  of 
these  are  amber  species,  excepting  one  Clubiona  and  one  Macaria  from 
Oeningen.  Oui-  own  fauna  has  besides  this  yielded  four  species  of  Clubiona 
and  one  of  Anypiiivna,  both  genera  represented  in  amber,  and  one  also  at 
Oeningen.  The  present  distribution  of  the  species  of  this  family  is  over 
the  whole  world,  but  the  borders  of  the  Mediterranean,  eastern  Europe, 
and  western  South  Americ  appear  to' be  far  the  most  richly  represented. 
Some  of  the  genera  are  confined  to  one  or  the  other  of  these  regions  and 
nearly  all  to  warm  tem^ierate  regions.     (November,  1881.) 


CLUBIONA  Latreille. 

A  number  of  species  appear  to  fall  here,  although  it  is  difficult  to  tell 
whether  they  should  n'^t  rather  be  referred  to  the  lycosoid  genus  Dolo- 
medes  or  its  vicinity,  so  uncertain  are  the  clews  we  have  to  their  real  poai- 
tiou;  until  more  satisfactory  [•■|)ecimens  can  be  obtained  they  may  be  placed 
here,  the  more  so  as  the  species  all  bear  some  resemblance  to  the  amber 
spiders  referred  to  the  same  genu.;!.  C.  eversa  to  C.  tomentosa,  C.  arcana  to 
C.  sericea  and  C.  lanata,  C.  hitebrosa  to  C.  attenuata,  and  C.  ostentata  to  C. 
microphthalma.  The  Oeningen  species  seems  to  be  very  dilTerent,  with  its 
rounded  abdomen.  Very  few  genera  of  spiders  are  so  richly  endowed  with 
fossil  species  as  this,  Theridium  indeed  being  the  only  one  which  surpasses 
it,  and  next  to  it  comes  Pythonissa,  a  genus  of  the  same  iamily  as  this. 
The  genus  is  w'dely  spread  in  modern  times.  A  few  species  are  common 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  Europe,  others  are  confined  to  the  Mediter- 


ARACHNIDES— AKANEIDES— TUBITELAKI^.  63 

ranean  region,  a  very  few  are  found  in  the  East  Indies,  and  a  VQry  large 
number  are  reported  from  Chili;  the  genus  is  therefore  mostly  confined  to 
warm  temperate  regions.     (November,  1881.) 

Table  of  the  sptciea  of  Clubiona. 

Cuphalothorax  oblong  oval,  nearly  or  more  than  one-half  longer  than  broad. 

Last  palpal  joint  of  male  large  ;  abdomou  about  equally  rounded  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  half 

as  long  again  as  the  oephalothorax !•  C.  e»«rM. 

Last  palpal  joint  of  nrale  small;  abdomen  tapering  posteriorly  and  but  little  longer  llian  theeepl  i- 

lothorax =»•  (^-  '«'«*'• 

Cephalothorax  roundish  oval,  only  one- fourth  orone-third  longer  than  broad. 

More  than  five  millimeters  long;  abdomen  much  larger  and  longer  than  eephalothorax  .'i.  C.  an   n<i. 

Less  than  live  millimeters  long;  abdomen  scarcely  larger  and  but  little  longer  thau  cephalrf'i ' 

rax 4.  C.  oBtentiUa. 


1.  Clubiona  evehsa. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  22  (  3  ). 

31ailc. — Cephalothorax  obovate,  equally  rounded  at  the  two  ends,  more 
than  half  as  long  again  as  broad ;  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  not 
separable ;  front  bluntly  rounded,  the  eyes  too  poorly  preserved  to  allow 
any  statement  concei'ning  them.  Palpi  nearly  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax, 
the  last  joint  very  large,  ovate,  subacuminate  at  tip,  the  longer  diameter 
almost  equaling  the  breadth  of  the  cephalothorax.  Abdomen  ovate,  half 
as  long  again  and  nearly  half  as  broad  again  as  the  corselet,  almost  equally 
rounded  at  the  two  ends,  but  largest  near  the  base  and  tapering  slightly 
more  behind  than  in  front.  Whole  body  of  a  nearly  uniform  brown,  but  in 
one  specimen  the  swollen  palpal  joint  blackish.  Legs  moderately  long,  not 
verj'^  unequal,  tapering,  abundantly  furnished  with  dark  divergent  spines, 
about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  tibiae. 

Length  of  body,  5.2'"'";  cephalothorax,  2.1°"°;  abdomen,  3.1"";  width  of 
cephalothorax,  1.G5""";  abdomen,  2""" ;  extension  of  palpi  beyond  corselet, 
1.7""'";  longer  diameter  of  last  joint  of  same,  0.7"*™;  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  6.15""";  its  femora,  2.25"";  tibiie,  2"";  tarsi,  2.5"'";  second  pair, 
6.75™'";  its  femora,  2.3"'";  tibial,  2.2"";  tarsi,  2.25"";  third  pair,  5.1""; 
its  femora,  1.6™";  tibiic,  1.5"'";  tarsi,  2"";  fourth  pair,  6.6"";  its  femora, 
2.1"";  tibiaj,  2.2"" ;  tarsi,  2.3"". 

This  species  is  not  very  far  removed  from  the  amber  species,  C.  tomen- 
tosa,  but  is  slightly  larger  than  it  and  has  a  less  tapering  cephalothorax. 

Florissant.    Two  c?,  Nos.  5944,  8551. 


64 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  Clubiona  arcana. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  4  (  ^  ). 

Male. — Cephalothorax  roundish  oval,  about  one-third  longer  than  broad, 
the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  completely  blended,  the  front  in  the  single 
individual  obscure  with  no  trace  of  eyes.  Cheliceres  apparently  pretty 
large,  the  palpi  very  long,  longer  than  the  prothorax,  the  last  joint  large  and 
swollen,  ovate,  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  and  black.  Abdomen 
a  little  paler  than  the  brownish  cephalothorax,  long  ovate,  considerably 
longer  and  somewhat  broader  than  tiie  cephalothorax.  Legs  not  very  long, 
tapering  considerably,  amply  provided  with  more  or  less  divergent  slender 
spines  as  long  as  or  slightly  longer  than  the  femora. 

Female. — Cephalothorax  ovate,  about  one-third  longer  than  broad,  the 
cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  completely  blended.  Palpi  nearly  or  quite 
as  long  as  the  cephalothorax.  Abdomen  sometimes  lighter  than  the  cepha- 
lothorax, long  ovate,  considerably  longer  and  sometimes  a  little  broader  than 
it.  Legs  as  in  the  male,  the  spines  perhaps  a  little  shorter,  and  on  the  tarsi 
arranged  to  a  certain  extent  in  rows,  not  noticeable  on  the  male. 

Length  of  body,  i  5.25°"",  ?  6.65°"°;  of  cephalothorax,  <?  l.TS"",  ? 
2.15"""  ;  of  abdomen,  S  3.5°'°',  $  4.5°'°' ;  breadth  of  cephalothorax,  i  l.S"",  9 
1.4"'"';  of  abdomen,  <?  1.4'""',  ?  l.TS"™ ;  extent  of  palpi  beyond  cephalotho- 
rax, ^  2"'"',  ?  2™"';  longer  diameter  of  last  palpal  joint,  <?  1.15°'°',  shorter 
diameter,  <?  CS™™  ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  S  7.5°'°',  $  6.75"°* ;  its  femora, 
S  2.05""',  ?  2.4°'°' ;  tibiffi,  <?  2.9""",  ?  2.35"'"' :  tarsi,  <?  2.55"™,  ?  2""' ;  second 
pair,  ,?  6.45""',  ?  6""" ;  its  femora,  <?  LS""-,  2  2.2°'"' ;  tibiae,  <?  2.5"°',  ?  1.65""; 
tarsi,  S  2.35"",  ?  2.15'""  ;  third  pair,  <?  5.35"",  ?  5.5"";  its  femora,  $  1.35"",  2 
1.8"";  tibiaj,  S  2"",  ?  1.85™";  tarsi,  <?  2"",  ?  1.85"";  fourth  pair,  $  Lib"""", 
?  8.3"";  its  femora,  S  2.15"™,  ?  3"™ ;  tibiae,  X  2.6"",  ?2.56"";  tarsi,  ^  3"", 
?  2.75"". 

This  species  agrees  very  well  in  size  with  C.  eversa  (only  males  of 
course  compared),  or  is  slightly  smaller,  and  the  legs  if  anything  a  little 
longer;  the  cephalothorax  is  rounder  and  the  palpal  swelling  much  more 
elongated.  It  is  somewhat  like  both  C.  sericea  and  C.  lanata  of  the  Prussian 
amber,  but  is  somewhat  smaller  and  has  longer  legs  than  they. 

Florissant.  One  S,  No.  2831 ;  three  ?  ,  Nos.  3253,  7087,  8082,  besides 
a  ?  from  the  Princeton  collection,  Nos.  1.807  and  1.819. 


^ 


f 


AUAOUNlDEiS— ABANElDiiS— TUlilTELARIiE. 


65 


3.   ClUBIONA   LATEBR08A. 


^ 


PI.  11,  Fig.  1S(<?). 

Male. — Cephalotliorax  oval,  largest  beliind  the  middle,  tapering  consid- 
erably at  either  end,  with  no  distinction  in  outline  between  the  cephalic  and 
thoracic  portions;  front  obscure  with  no  eyes  preserved.  Cheliceres  pretty 
large.  Palpi  very  long,  almost  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  terminal 
joint  moderately  stout,  obpyriforni.  Abdomen  paler  than  the  cephalothorax, 
nmch  larger  than  it  by  reason  of  its  greater  breadth,  but  only  about  otie- 
fourth  longer,  largest  near  the  base,  tapering  apically  to  a  blunt  tip,  its 
basal  two-thirds  covered  sparsely  with  long,  stout,  dark-tipped,  faintly 
clubbed  hairs.  Legs  long  and  slender,  subequal,  the  femora  and  tibife  fur- 
nished not  very  abundantly  with  moderately  long,  delicately  tapering,  very 
finely  pointed,  slightly  divergent  spines. 

Lengtli  of  body,  9.1""" ;  cephalothorax,  4™"' ;  abdomen,  .5.1""" ;  breadth 
of  cephalotho'-nx,  l.e""* ;  abdomen,  2.6""' ;  extension  of  palpi  beyond  front 
of  cephalothorax,  3™°" ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  8.75""" ;  second  pair,  11"""; 
third  pair,  9""" ;  fourth  pair,  J/..5"'"'. 

This  species  differs  from  all  the  others  here  described  in  its  tapering 
abdomen  and  its  proportionally  considerably  longer  legs;  the  palpal  swell- 
ing is  also  slenderer  than  usual.  In  its  tapering  abdomen  as  well  as  in  other 
features  it  comes  pretty  near  the  amber  species,  C.  attenuata,  being  also  of 
the  same  size ;  it  differs  from  it  in  its  longer  legs. 

Florissant.     One  S,  No.  6492. 

4.  Clubiona  ostentata. 

ri.  11,  Fig.  24(3). 

Mak. — Cephalotliorax  broad  oval,  about  one-half  longer  than  broad, 
wel'  rounded,  with  no  distinction  between  ceplialic  and  thoracic  portions; 
from  well  rounded,  but  too  poorly  preserved  to  show  any  eyes.  Cheliceres 
large.  Palpi  very  long,  fully  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax.  The  apical  joint 
very  stout,  obpyriform,  being  largest  at  some  distance  beyond  the  middle, 
beyond  rapidly  tapering  to  an  obtuse  angle;  it  is  blackish  and  bears  within 
its  apical  two-tliirds  a  stout  ribbon  bent  in  the  middle  at  l(\ss  than  a  right 
angle,  the  bend  broadly  curved,  and  the  apical  half  tapering  to  a  point  which 
extends  just  beyond  tlu;  margin  of  the  swelling.  Abdomon  only  a  little 
Vol  XIII 5 


Itfs 


66 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


larger  than  the  cephalothorax,  ovate,  largest  in  the  middle,  tapering  almost 
equally  in  either  direction,  the  apex  slightly  angled,  the  surface  very  sparsely 
clothed  with  long,  extremely  delicate,  tapering  hairs.  Legs  moderately 
long,  delicately  tapering,  sparsely  furnished  with  scarcely  divergent  spines 
about  as  long  as  thi^  diameter  of  the  joint  on  which  tlio}'  are  seated 

Female.—The  single  specimen  is  rather  poorly  preserved,  hardly  admit- 
ting of  description.  It  is  stouter  than  the  male.  The  cephalothorax  appears 
to  be  roundish  quadrate,  broadest  behind,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  the 
hind  margin  very  broadly,  the  front  somewhat  narrowly,  convex.  The 
abdomen  is  somewhat  larger  than  the  cephalothorax,  but  only  a  little  longer, 
broadest  anteriorly,  pretty  well  rounded  behind.  Legs  much  as  in  the 
male,  but  with  slight  traces  of  spinos. 

Length  of  body,  .?  5.4""°,  $  4.75"""  ;  cephalothorax,  S  2.65'°"',  ?  2.25""' ; 
abdomen,  i  2.75""",  -i  2.5""" ;  breadth  of  cephalothorax,  c^  l.lb""°,  ?  2.15""'; 
abdomen,  <?  1.6"%  2  2'"'";  extent  of  palpi  beyond  cephalothorax,  ,?  1.35"'"'; 
length  of  palpal  swelling,  c?  0.75'""' ;  length  t)f  first  pair  of  legs,  ^  7"""',  ? 
6.2""';  femora,  S  2'""",  ?  1.5'"'";  tibia-,  ?  2.25'"",  9  2.6"";  tarsi,  c?  2.75™",  9 
2.1"";  second  pair  of  legs,  <?  6.65™",  9  6.1"";  femora,  S  2™",  9  1.6'"";  tibije, 
<?  2.25™",  9  2.25'"™;  tarsi,  ,?  2.4"",  9  2.25™";  third  pair  of  legs,  <(  5.15"™; 
femora, ,?  1.25""  ;  tibi«,  ,t  1.9"™  ;  tarsi,  r?  2""  ;  fourth  pair  of  legs,  <?  6.9"™, 
5  4.6"™ ;  femora,  c?  2"",  9  0.85™"  (!) ;  tibia^  ,7  2™™,  9  1.75"™  (!) ;  tarsi,  ^ 

Q  Qmin     Q  Omm 

This  species  Is  considerably  smaller  than  any  of  the  others,  and  is 
fui'ther  distinguished  from  them  by  the  near  equality  in  size  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax and  abdomen  It  resembles  a  little  C.  microphthalma  of  the  Baltic 
amber,  and  is  of  the  same  size  as  it,  but  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax is  not  distinguished  by  a  constriction  as  there,  and  our  species  has 
somewhat  stouter  legs. 

Florissant.     Two  .1,  Nos.  199,  5507  and  5910 ;  one  9,  No.  9624. 

ANYPH^NA  Sundevall. 

To  this  genus  I  refer  a  single  species,  manifestly  belonghig  in  this 
vicinity,  and  approaching  it,  so  far  as  may  be  judged  by  the  general  appear- 
ance of  the  specimen,  as  closely  as  any  other  form.  Traces  of  the  eyes  can 
be  seen  in  this  specimen,  and  if  correctly  interpreted  their  arrangement  is 
not  exactly  that  of  \nypha;na,  although  it  is  not  very  different  from  that 


I 
I 


I , 


' 


AltACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— TUBITELARI^:. 


67 


of  this  and  allied  genera  of  Drassidae.     For  the  present,  at  least,  it  may- 
remain  here. 

A  single  species  of  Anypha;na  has  before  been  recorded  in  a  fossil  state, 
A.  fuscata,  found  in  amber,  but  it  differs  very  much  from  our  species,  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  eyes  in  particular  is  altogether  different.  All  the  species 
of  the  genus  now  living  have  been  found  in  southern  Europe  and  Algeria 
excepting  one,  which  is  reported  from  the  Pacific  Islands  ;  and  our  species 
thus  indicates  a  warmer  climate  than  the  locality  at  present  enjoys. 

Anypii^ena  IN'IEKITA. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  5. 

Cephalothorax  subcircular,  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  wholly 
blended,  the  anterior  and  posterior  margins  a  little  flattened,  so  as  to  be  nearly 
straight,  fully  as  broad  as  long,  furnished  with  short,  tapering  hairs.  Eyes 
apparently  formed  of  two  approximated  pairs  of  small  ocelli  close  together 
in  a  slightly  curved  line  opening  forward  next  the  middle  of  the  front  mar- 
gin; two  slightly  larger  directly  behind  each  of  these  pairs,  and  slightly 
more  distant  from  each  other  than  either  is  from  the  pair  in  front,  and  two 
nmch  larger  lateral  ocelli  situated  next  the  front  base  ot  the  front  pair  of 
legs  close  to  the  margin,  and  forming  with  the  posterior  middle  eyes  a  very 
slightly  curved  series  of  nearly  equidistant  ocelli  opening  forward.  The 
pair  of  approximated  eyes  and  the  one  in  their  rear  are  faint  and  more  or 
less  conjectural.  If  this  position  of  the  eyes  is  correct  the  spider  should 
not  be  placed  in  AnyphjBna,  but  would  certainly  appear  to  fall  near  it  and 
Clubiona.  Cheliceres  very  stout,  projecting  in  front  of  the  cephalothorax 
by  half  the  length  of  the  latter,  and  together  considerably  more  than  half  as 
.broad  as  it,  well  rounded  apically  Palpi  of  female  rather  longer  than  the 
cephalothorax,  moderately  stout.  Abdomen  apparently  pedunculate,  the 
peduncle  long  and  slender,  the  abdomen  plump  oval,  well  and  very,  regu- 
larly rounded  in  front,  and  but  for  the  rapid  tapering  of  the  extreme  apex 
rather  more  broadly  rounded  behind.  Legs  short,  subequal,  moderately 
stout,  especially  the  femora,  tapering  throughout,  well  armed  with  pretty 
large  tapering  spines  of  equal  length  on  the  whole  leg,  and  about  as  long 
as  the  width  of  the  tibite,  somewhat  divergent  and  irregularly  disposed  on 
the  femora,  1)eyond  arranged  apparently  in  two  or  three  rows  and  scarcely 
at  all  divergent. 


68 


TERTIARY  INSBOTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 

i 


I 


Length  of  body  (as  preserved),  11.5°"";  of  cephalothorax,  2.75""";  of 
abdomen  (without  pedicel),  6""";  of  pedicel,  l"";  breadth  oi  cephalothorax, 
3.1""";   of  abdomen,  4.1"'"';  length  of  cheliceres,   l.fi"'"';    of  palpi  beyond 
corselet,  3.3'"'";  of  first  pair  of  legs,  8'""';  its  femora,  2.5""";  tibise,  2.6'"™ 
tarsi,  2.9'"'";  of  second  pair  of  legs,  9.2'"'";  its  femora,  2.6""";  tibia;,  3.25""' 
tarsi,  3.35'"'";  of  third  pair  of  legs,  7,5'"'";  its  femora,  2.3""";  tibise,  2.5""" 
tarsi,  2.7"'"';  of  fourth  pair  of  legs,  10.75""";  its  femora,  2.9'"'";  tibije,  3.2'""' 
tarsi,  4.15'"'". 

Florissant     One  i  (and  reverse),  Nos.  8269  and  8281. 

Family  AGALENIDES  Koch. 

This  family  of  Tubitelariiii  is  also  fairly  represented  in  Tertiary  times, 
three  species  each  having  been  found  in  amber,  of  the  genera  Amaurobius 
and  Tegenaria,  and  one  each  of  Agalena  and  Argyroneta,  besides  which 
Oeningen  furnishes  an  Argyronetr  and  Rott  an  Argyroneta  and  a  Histo- 
pona.  To  this  list  we  can  add  from  this  country  two  species  of  Titanteca, 
more  nearly  allied  apparently  to  the  amber  species  of  Amaurobius  than  to 
any  other  fossils.  Far  the  largest  part  of  the  species  of  this  family  are 
known  from  Europe,  but  a  few  from  America.     (November,  1881.) 

Gourret  has  recently  described  a  Tegenaria  from  Aix. 


I 


I 


m 


TITANCECA  Thorell. 

Two  species  are  placed  in  this  genus  from  their  close  general  resem- 
blance to  the  type  of  the  same,  Hahn's  Theridium  quadriguttatum  of 
Europe.  The  genus  has  never  before  been  found  fossil,  but  is  not  far 
removed  from  Amaurobius,  of  which  three  species  are  known  in  the  Euro- 
pean Tertiaries.  The  living  species  of  the  genus  are  confined,  so  far  as  I 
discover,  to  the  Mediterranean  district  and  central  Europe,  as  are  most  of 
the  species  of  Amaurobius,  but  a  few  of  the  latter  are  reported  from  the 
warmer  parts  of  America.  As  in  so  many  other  cases,  therefore,  the  pres- 
ence of  these  species  indicates  a  warm  temperate  climate.  (November, 
1881.) 

Tabh  of  the  speoiea  of  Tltanaiea. 


«r 


Cephalotliorax  small  and  oval,  about,  half  as  long  as  tho  abtlouion 1.  T.  tiipeiiim, 

Cephalothorax  largo  ami  tilongate,  about  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  abdomen 2.  T.  hesierHa, 


ARACHNIDBS— ARANEIDES— TUBITELARIJB. 


69 


I 


r 


1.   TiTANffiCA   INGENUA. 
PI.  11,  Figs.  29,  32  (  9  ). 

Cephalothorax  oval,  about  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  largest  a  little 
behind  the  middle,  the  front  not  produced  but  regularly  rounded,  the  lateral 
curve  being  slightly  convex  throughout  its  course,  and  thus  showing  no 
line  of  separation  between  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions.  Arrange- 
ment of  eyes  not  determinable.  Cheliceres  stout.  Palpi  moderately  stout, 
equal,  about  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  the  terminal  joint  roundly  pointed 
at  tip.  Abdomen  plump,  subrotund,  at  least  four  or  five  times  larger  than 
the  cephalothorax,  being  more  than  twice  as  broad  and  fully  twice  as  long 
as  it,  slightly  more  tapering  at  the  base  than  at  the  apex,  only  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  and  of  a  uniform  tint,  or  possibly  a  little  duskier  along  the 
medio-dorsal  portion.  Legs  moderately  slender,  short,  subequal,  abun- 
dantly furnished  with  hairs,  which  seem  (conspicuously  in  one  specimen, 
No.  13520,  less  distinctly  in  others)  to  be  more  abundant  laterally  than 
upon  the  iipper  surface,  and  armed  with  many  very  long  and  slender  only 
slightly  diverging  spines  on  all  the  legs,  and  especially  on  the  femora  and 
tibiae  of  the  two  hinder  pairs.     All  the  specimens  appear  to  be  females. 

Length  of  body,  9.6""";  of  cephalothorax,  3.1™";  abdomen,  G.S"""' ; 
l)readth  of  cephalothorax,  2.4""";  abdomen,  5.9"'"";  length  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  S""";  second  pair,  T.G"""';  third  pair,  7™"";  fourth  pair,  8.75™". 

The  shape  of  the  cephalothorax  and  abdomen  sufficiently  separate  this 
species  from  the  following,  with  which  otherwise  it  agrees  closely  in  general 
appearance. 

Florissant.    Four  ?,  Nos.  9792,  11203,  13.520,  14031. 


2.   TlTAN(ECA   HESTERNA. 

Cephalothorax  obpyriform,  the  cephalic  portion  a  little  produced  and 
tapering  anteriorly  less  than  the  fully  rounded  thoracic  part,  and  somewhat 
truncate  anteriorly,  the  front  scarcely  convex,  the  posterior  border  well 
rounded;  the  widest  portion  of  the  cephalothorax  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
thoracic  part  or  of  the  hinder  two-thirds  of  the  whole,  and  it  is  nearly  half 
as  long  again  as  broad.  Arrangement  of  eyes  not  detei-minable.  Cheli- 
ceres stout.  Palpi  moderately  stout,  equal,  a  little  shorter  than  the  cepha- 
lothorax, the  apical  joint  roundly  pointed  at  tip.     Abdomen  ovate,  about 


\K 

111 


70 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMKRICA. 


half  as  broad  again  hh  the  cephalothorax,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
but  only  half  as  long  again  as  the  cephalothorax,  tapering  apically  as  much 
as  if  not  more  than  basally.  Legs  moderately  slender,  short,  subequal, 
abundantly  furnished  with  hairs  and  with  spines,  even  to  the  tips  of  the 
tarsi,  especially  on  the  two  hinder  pairs  of  legs,  much  as  in  T.  ingenua  and 
with  the  same  thinness  of  covering  above  as  there,  one  specimen  especially 
(12977)  showing  it  in  the  same  marked  degree  as  one  of  the  preceding 
species.     As  there  also,  all  the  specimens  appear  to  be  females. 

Length  of  body,  7.1"'"';  cephalothorax,  2.3""';  cheliceres,  1.5™"';  abdo- 
men, S™"*;  breadth  of  cephalothorax  anteriorly,  1.4""';  greatest  breadth, 
2.1"";  breadth  of  abdomen,  2.75"";  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  7""';  sec- 
ond pair,  7.3™"' ;  third  pair,  5.5"" ;  fourth  pair,  8""'. 

The  slenderer  form  of  the  whole  body  and  the  less  disparity  in  size 
between  the  cephalothorax  and  abdomen  mark  this  species  as  distinct  from 
the  preceding. 

Florissant.  Four  2,  Nos.  5656,  12006,  12977,  and  Princeton  collec- 
tion, No.  1.809. 

Suborder  RETITELARIiE  ThoreU. 

Next  to  the  last  equivalent  group,  these  spiders,  whicli  ma.'?:e  a  loose 
web  or  snare  apparently  constructed  without  any  regular  plan,  are  the 
most  numerous  in  Tertiary  deposits,  forming  in  Europe,  as  we  have  seen, 
29  per  cent  of  the  total  fauna.  This,  as  before,  is  dependent  in  large 
measure  upon  their  representation  in  amber,  which  contains  forty-eight  of 
the  fifty-five  described  species.  The  number  known  from  the  European 
strata  is,  however,  greater  than  in  any  other  of  the  larger  groups,  while 
the  American  species  of  the  same  here  brought  to  light  are  for  once  con- 
siderably less  numerous  than  the  European.  All  the  species  belong  to 
the  Theridides,  which  i;s  also  far  the  richest  in  forms  at  the  present  day. 
(November,  1881.) 

Family  THERIDIDES  Koch. 

There  is  no  single  family  of  spiders  so  abundantly  represented  in  Ter- 
tiary deposits  as  the  Theridides.  No  less  than  fifty-four  species,  or  more 
than  one-fourth  the  whole  number  of  fossil  Araneides  of  Europe,  belong  to 
this  group  and  represent  fourteen  genera.  Theridium  is  richest,  with  six- 
teen species ;  then  follow  Thyelia  with  eleven ;  Zilla,  Micrjphantes,  and 


I 


4 


f 


ARA0HNIDE8— ARANEIDB8— RETITELARL^!!. 


71 


I 


I 


Ero  with  rive  each ;  Linyphia  with  three,  Corynites  and  Erigoiie  with  two, 
and  Anandrus,'  Clya,  Dielacata,  Euryopus,  Flegia,  and  Schellenbergia  with 
one  each.  Flegia,  Corynitis,  Anandrus,  Thyelia,  Clya,  Dielacata,  and  Schel- 
lenbergia are  all  peculiar  to  the  Tertiaries,  Schellenbergia  to  Oeningen,  the 
others  to  amber.  Nearly  all  the  species  are  from  amber,  but  beside  the 
Schellenbergia  from  Oeningen  there  is  a  species  of  Erigono  and  two  of 
Linyphia  from  llott,  and  two  species  of  Theridium  from  Oeningen  as  well 
as  another  from  Aix.  . 

America,  however,  does  not  bear  her  proportionate  share  in  this  repre- 
sentation, being  poorer  even  than  the  stratified  deposits  of  Europe,  whereas 
in  every  other  group  it  is  either  better  represented  or  falls  short  by  only  a 
single  species.  There  is  a  single  species  of  Linyphia,  two  of  Theridium, 
and  some  egg-cocoons  referred  for  convenience  to  the  comprehensive  genus 
Aranea.  That  two  of  the  three  species  known  in  the  perfect  state  should 
belong  to  tlui  genus  most  highly  favored  in  the  European  Tertiaries  is  a 
point  worth  noting. 

The  family  is  best  represented  in  Europe  (especially  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean district)  and  warm  temperate  America,  but  a  few  have  been  found  in 
the  East  Indies.     (November,  1881.) 

Gourret,  in  his  i-ecent  investigation  of  the  spiders  of  Aix,  found  but  a 
single  species  of  this  family  among  the  eighteen  Araneides  described  by 
him.     He  referred  it  to  Ariamnes. 

ARANEA  Linn^. 

Under  this  broad  generic  name  are  placed  notices  of  some  egg-cocoons 
which  are  like  those  made  by  species  of  this  group  and  which  have  been 
found  at  no  less  than  three  distinct  localities.  I  am  not  aware  that  any 
such  remains  have  before  been  noticed. 


k     AkANEA   C0LUMBI.ffi. 
PI.  jk,  Figs.  1,  2. 
Aranea  coUtmbi(v  Scudrter,  Kep.  Progr.  Geol.  Snrv.  Can.,  1876~'7r,  463-464  (l«78). 

Among  the  stones  obtained  hy  Mr.  Dawson  in  British  Columbia  are 
several  containing  the  flattened  remains  of  the  egg-cocoons  of  Araneides. 
There  are  no  less  than  eiglit  of  them,  of  different  shapes  and  sizes,  occurring 

'  Anandros  is  credited  with  one  species,  but  it  la  not  described  (Menge,  Lelionsieiohen,  etc.,  p.  7). 


f 


I!-!'  i 
I  fit  ■■ 


72 


TKRTIAUY  INSKOTS  OF  NOItTH  AMKRIOA. 


by  paii'H,  none  of  them  rovcrHes  of  others.  Tliey  occur  on  Ht<»iie8  num- 
bered 38  to  41.  As  the  form  of  the  egg-cocoons  in  Ariineides  is  so  various, 
and  tlic  number  of  specimens  found  indicates  a  probability  of  obtaining  at 
Home  time  the  probable  constructor  of  the  webs,  I  have  only  applied  an 
ancient,  broad  generic  name  to  these  products  of  the  insect,  for  the  sake  of 
indicating  the  nature  of  all  the  fossil  remains  from  Quesnel.  It  is  probable 
that  the  spider  will  be  found  most  nearly  allied  to  Theridium,  species  of 
whidh  construct  peduncudate  egg-cocoons  not  very  different  from  these. 
The  cocoons,  vaiy  slightly  in  size,  and  more  in  shape,  owing  no  doubt  to 
their  varying  position  when  crushed;  probably  they  were  globular,  or  pos- 
sibly slightly  oval  in  shape;  averaging  about  five  millimeters  in  the  longer 
and  foai  millimeters  in  the  shorter  diameter;  of  a  firm  structure;  testaceous 
in  color,  and  hung  by  a  slender  thread,  less,  or  much  less  than  quarter  the 
length  of  the  egg-cocoon  (averaging,  perhaps,  one  millimeter  in  length),  to 
a  thickened  mass  of  web,  attached  to  some  object  or  to  the  insect's  web. 

That  they  have  been  preserved  by  pairs  upon  the  stones  i  no  signifi- 
cance, and,  indeed,  may  be  due  simply  to  the  way  the  stones  were  broken; 
for  they  lie  at  varying  distances  apart,  with  no  sign  of  connection,  and 
placed  with  no  definite  relations  to  each  other.  Two  of  them  show  no  sign 
of  the  pedicel,  but  this  is  certainly  due  to  poor  preservation;  and  a  single 
one,  the  least  circular  (40a)  not  only  has  no  pedicel,  but  appears  to  be 
formed  of  a  lighter,  flimsier  tissue,  and  may  belong  to  a  different  species. 
The  following  are  the  longer  and  shorter  diameter,  and  length  of  pedicel,  of 
each  specimen : 


Nuinbor  of  Npeviineii. 

Long 
diameter. 

Short 
diameter. 

Leugth  of 
pedicel. 

No.  386 

.Vm. 
5.0 
6.0 

4.0 
4.0 
■5.5 
5. 2 
.5.0 
4.5 

ifm. 
3.5 
4.0 
3.6 
3.5 
2.5 
3.7 
3  9 
4.2 

Mm. 
1.5 
0.8 
1.2 

No.  38c 

No.  39o 

No.  :vjb 

N0.4O0 

No.  40* 

1.0 

(•) 
(•) 

No.  41o 

No.41i 

*  Base  only  of  pedicel  preserved. 

The  egg-cocoon  of   a  spider  (No.  4201),  of  exactly  the  same  size, 
shape,  and  general  iippearance  as  those  described  above,  excepting  that  from 


AUACnNIDHS— AUANI'UDKH— KKTITKIiAKMC. 


78 


I 


a  break  in  the  Htoiic  thoro  i«  no  trace  of  a  pedicel,  wan  found  by  me  in  the 
shales  at  Green  River,  Wyoming. 

A  Hingle  specimen  (No.  H93r)),  of  an  egg-cocoon  was  also  found  at 
Florissant,  Colorado,  having  the  same  general  appearance,  but  with  no  trace 
of  a  pedicel  and  slightly  larger  than  any  of  the  others,  being  (J"""  long  and 
4"'"'  broad.     It  is  of  course  impossible  to  say  that  it  is  the  same  species. 

Still  another  (No.  1.173)  was  brought  by  the  Princeton  expedition  from 
Florissant,  differing  in  the  opposite  direction,  being  considerably  smaller 
and  so  preserved  as  to  appear  broader  than  long.  It  is  provided  with  a 
pedicel  1.4"""  long,  but  is  itself  ordy  2"""  long  and  2.6"""  broad. 

C^uesnel,  Green  River,  F'lorissant. 

TIIERIDIUM  Walckenaer, 

No  less  than  sixteen  fossil  species  of  this  genus  have  been  described, 
thirteen  from  amber,  one  from  the  beds  of  Aix,  at  about  the  same  horizon, 
and  two  frotn  Oeningen.  Those  from  Oeningen  and  Aix  are  very  different 
from  the  two  here  described,  and  those  figured  from  amber  are  scarcely 
nearer,  though  T.  opertaneum  bears  some  resemblance  to  T.  granulatum, 
and  T.  sec.lusum  to  T.  hirtum.  The  vast  majority  of  the  numerous  known 
living  .species  of  this  genus  are  from  Europe,  but  not  a  few  occur  in  our 
country,  especially  in  the  Southern  States,  and  one  or  two  are  reported  from 
other  parts  of  the  world.  It  is  therefore  almo.st  exclusively  a  north  temperate 
genus,  but  is  by  no  means  confined  to  the  warnier  parts,  and  its  occurrence 
at  Florissant  has  no  special  significance  as  to  the  climate  of  the  times. 
(November,  1881.) 

Table  of  the  speciea  of  Theridium. 

Large  specios;  the  cephalothorax  much  longer  than  broad  (  9  ) 1.  T.  opertaneum. 

.Small  .species;  the  cephalothorax  nearly  circular  (,i) 2.  T.  leclusum, 

1.  Theridium  opertaneum. 

PL  11,  Fig.  3(9). 

Female. — Cephalothorax  elongated,  comparatively  slender,  nearly  etpial, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Legs  slender,  imperfectly  preserved,  not  very 
long,  sparsely  furnished  with  rather  short  delicate  spines,  not  longer  than 
the  width  of  the  legs.  Abdomen  very  large,  nearly  globular,  nearly  three 
times  as  broad  as  the  cephalothorax,  of  a  greenish  tinge,  though  the  wliole 
body  is  brown. 


m 


74 


TKUTrAltY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


h< 


|, 


Isll'i 


s 


lienfrthot'bodj  ,  11""";  of  ceplialofhornx,  f*""™  ;  breadth  of  «aine,  2.2"*"' ; 
of  iihdomuii,  6.4'""';  length  of  tirat  pair  of  femora,  6"""  ;  hocoiuI  pair,  n""" ; 
Hecond  tibiw,  4""";  third  femora,  2""";  third  tibi«3,  2.4'"'";  fourth  femoni, 
3.2f)""". 

Besides  its  very  much  greater  size,  this  species  differs  greatly  from  tlie 
other  in  the  form  of  the  cophalothorax. 

Florissant.    One  ?,  No.  13521,  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view. 

2.   THERlDIirM   SECLIT8UM. 
PI.  II,  Fig.  20  (^). 

Male. — Cephalothorax  stout,  square  oval,  a  little  longer  only  than 
broad,  the  front  broadly  and  ref^-'larly  rounded.  Cheliceres  rather  stout,  as 
long  as  half  the  width  of  the  corselet,  tn.p'^ring  a  little,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
the  outer  edge  straight,  the  inner  rounded.  I.r.«t  joint  of  palpi  nearly  as 
large  as  the  cheliceres,  oval,  on  a  stalk  as  long  as  the  (lephalothorax.  These 
two  parts  are  incorrectly  represented  on  the  plate,  where  the  palpi  and  cheli- 
ceres appear  as  ojie  groat  piece.  Abdomen  rather  small,  oval,  narrower 
than  the  cephalothorax,  but  of  about  the  same  length.  Legs  long  and 
slender,  the  first  pair  particularly  long,  and  the  second  pair  considerably 
longer  than  the  fourth,  which  is  unusually  slender ;  all  the  legs  are  furnished 
witli  numerous  spines,  apparently  arranged  in  three  rows  and  clustered  much 
more  numerously  at  the  distal  end  of  the  femora  and  tibitc  than  elsewhere ; 
the  spines  are  moderately  slender  and  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the 
joints,  separated  from  one  another  by  about  their  own  length,  sometimes  a 
little  less. 

Length  of  body,  4.5""" ;  of  abdomen,  2.25°"" ;  width  of  cephalothorax, 
1.65""";  of  abdomen,  1.2""';  length  of  cheliceres,  0.75"'"';  of  first  pair  of 
legs,  15""";  its  femora,  4.5™"';  tibia?,  4.5""'";  tarsi,  6™™;  second  pair  of  legs, 
12"'"" ;  femora,  3.75'"'"  ;  tibijB,  3.75""" ;  tarsi,  ^S""" ;  third  pair  of  legs,  5.25'°'" ; 
femora,  1.4""";  tibi.ne,  l.l'""  ;  tarsi,  2.75""' ;  fourth  pair  of  legs,  9'""';  femora, 
3.5"""  (?) ;  tibiaj,  1.5"""  (f)  ;  tarsi,  4'"". 

The  species  is  very  much  smaller  than  T.  opertaneum,  besides  having 
a  very  different  corselet. 

Florissant.  Nos.  2286,  7816,  9026.  All  the  specimens  appear  to  be 
males. 


ARAtJHNIUKS— MJANKIDF.H— HKTITKIiAUI  1-:, 


76 


LlNYI'lllA   i.atreillu. 

Two  spocios  of  this  goiius  liavo  boon  describod  from  Rott,  and  one 
(formerly  coii.sidercd  two)  Hpocios  from  amber.  Tht?  single  Mpucics  wo  win 
hero  add  to  tho  number  in  tolerably  nearly  allied  to  tbe  amber  HpecieH,  an 
well  an  to  li.  rottensis  of  the  RheiUHh  brown  eoal,  though  it  iw  much  larger 
than  the  latter.  The  living  Hj)eeieH  are  found  abundantly  in  aU  parts  of 
Europe,  excepting  ijossibly  the  most  southern,  and  several  specries  jiro 
recorded  from  Georgia  and  from  Chili.  Its  presence  at  Florissant  would 
rather  indicate  a  mean  temperate  climate.  The  species  are  lively  and  savage 
in  character,  constructing  a  rather  complicated  sheet  of  web,  under  the 
middle  of  which  they  lie  in  wait  in  an  inverted  position  for  their  |)rey. 
(Novend)er,  1881.) 

LlNYPHlA    KETEN8A. 

ri.  11,  Figs.  25,  27  (  i  ). 

A  single  male  and  its  reverse  represent  this  species;  tho  reverse  was 
broken,  and  tho  pjsterior  portion  figured  before  its  anterior  half  was  found; 
hence  the  specimen  is  numbered  three  times;  it  is  tolerably  well  preserved, 
especially  the  legs,  The  better  preserved  half  shows  a  nearly  uniform 
dusky  figure  upon  the  stone,  but  on  the  reverse  tho  abdomen  is  nuich 
darker,  almost  black,  and  tho  i)alpi  also  are  darker  than  the  cephalothorax. 
The  latter  is  regularly  oval,  the  anterior  extremity  the  more  pointed;  upon 
this  some  ocelli  may  be  seen,  of  which  there  are  apparently  two  approxi- 
mate but  independent  ones  next  the  middle,  and  on  one  side  a  pair  of  con- 
fluent eyes  of  the  same  size,  all  next  the  anterior  edge.  The  last  palpal 
joint  is  large,  subcircular,  or  so  nevvhat  pyriform,  furnished  interiorly  with 
a  stout,  strongly  bent  ribbon,  and  is  perched  on  a  stalk  long  enough  to  carry 
it  by  its  own  width  beyond  the  maigin  of  tlio  corselet.  Abdomen  regularly 
obovate,  a  trifle  broader  in  front  than  behind,  somewhat  longer  than  the 
corselet,  and  roundly  pointed  behind.  Legs  very  long  and  slender,  except- 
ing the  third  pair,  which  are  short,  all  the  femora  rather  sparsely  furniched 
with  very  delicate  spines. 

Length  of  body,  7.1'""';  of  abdomen,  4'"";  breadth  of  cephalothorax, 
2""";  of  abdomen,  2.1  rr";  diameter  of  palpal  swelHng,  l'""" ;  length  of  first 
pairof  legs,  19""";  second  pair,  15.5"""  ;  third  pair,  6.!)""" ;  fourth  pair,  U"'"; 
first  pair  femora,  6""";  tibite,  7°"™;  tarsi,  6'"=";  second  pair  femora,  5"""; 


m 


7H 


TRRTlAKi'  INSKCTS  OF  NOUTH  AMKUICA. 


tibi;e,  S.r)""";  tarsi,  5'""";  third  pair  of  femora,  2.5'"";  tibia',  2.4""";  tarsi, 
2""" ;  fourtli  pair  of  femora,  4.5"'"' ;  tibia',  4.5""" ;  tarsi,  5'""'. 

Tliis  species  differs  fro  ax  L.  cheiracantha  in  its  considerably  larger  size, 
the  absence  of  distant  spines  upon  the  legs,  and  its  much  more  slender  cepha- 
lothorax  and  long-er  lesrs. 

Florissant.     One  ,^,  Nos.  12976  and  13212  and  14032. 

Suborder  ORBITELARIvE  Thorell. 

The  symmetrical-web  constructing  spiders,  though  not  rare  in  Tertiary 
deposits,  are  not  so  conmion  as  their  abundance  in  recent  times  would  lead 
one  to  anticipate,  for,  :t8  we  have  seen,  only  S  per  cent  of  the  Kuropean 
fossil  spiders  belong  to  this  group,  and  all  or  nearly  all  of  them  are  Epei- 
rides.  In  this  number  are  not  included  two  or  three  species  described  by 
older  authors  under  the  name  of  Aranea,  the  precise  location  of  which  is 
and  must  probably  always  remain  uncertain.  Thirteen  species  are  credited 
to  amber,  two  to  Rott,  and  one  to  Oeningen.  In  our  own  country  the  case  is 
very  different,  for  nearly  one-half  of  our  species  (44  per  cent)  are  to  be 
referred  to  this  group,  and  all  also  are  ICpeirides.  It  is  the  one  considerable 
point  in  which  the  American  fauna  may  be  contrasted  with  the  European. 
In  Rott  alone  of  all  the  European  localities  (where  the  Orbitelaria'  form  one- 
fourth  of  the  known  fauna)  do  we  have  any  approacli  to  the  proportionate 
nunjbe- of  this  great  grouj).     (November,  1S81.) 

Family  EPEIRIDES  Sundevall. 

The  genera  of  l']i)eirides  represented  in  the  European  Tertiaries  are 
Epeira  (live  species),  of  which  two  come  from  Rott  and  one  from  Oeningen, 
Gra^a  (four  species),  Antopia  (three  species),  Onca  (two  species),  and 
Epeiridion  and  Siga  (one  species  each).  'J'he  American  fauna  is  nearly  as 
rich,  vicher  for  once  thsui  the  amber,  whence  come  all  the  European  species 
except  those  specified  above,  embracing  seven  or  more  species  of  Epeira, 
four  of  an  extinct  genus,  Tethneus,  and  one  each  of  Tetragnathaand  Nephila, 
genera  hefore  unknown  in  the  fossil  state.  Not  only,  then,  is  the  American 
fauna  peculiar  for  its  richness  in  species  of  this  family,  but  no  other  sho^vs 
so  many  novel  forms  for  the  'I'ertiary  epoch.  One  of  these  latter  genera  pre- 
dominates in  America  and  the  other  is  a  tropical  «4cnu8,  which  lends  addi- 

'  The  terminal  jiart  of  the  right  tarni  aH  given  in  Pig.  !i7  dots  not  belong  t«  the  tarsi. 


ARACIINIDKS— AUANKIDKS— ORBITKLABLK. 


77 


tional  interest  to  their  discovery.     'I'lie  species  are  spread  all  over  the  gloho 
ill  both  temponue  and  torrid  rofjions.     (November,  1881.) 

At  Aix,  (Jourret  found  but  a  singl )  member  of  this  fanuly,  which  ho 
referred  to  a  distinct  }^euus  called  CercidioUa. 

'rF/rilA(iNAlMiA  Latreille. 

Tliis  genus  lias  never  liefore  been  recojifnized  in  a  fossil  state.  Although 
represented  in  every  continent,  it  is  only  in  America  and  particuhnly  in  the 
warmer  parts  of  North  America  that  it  is  at  all  abundant:  here  some  species 
range  north  t(»  New  E.i-^land,  but  it  is  essentially  a  geir.n^  of  the  Southern 
States;  these  spiuers  frequent  the  borders  of  ponds  and  hence  it  is  not 
strange  that  we  should  find  them  in  the  lake  deposits  of  Florissant,  although 
their  presence  there  certainly  indicates  a  warmer  climate  than  the  present. 
The  species  here  described  does  not  appear  to  have  special  affinities  with 
the  American  species  with  which  I  have  been  able  to  comi)aro  it,  being 
stouter  bodied  than  the}-.     (November,  1881.) 

TeTKAGNATHA   TKUTIAUIA. 

ri.  11,  Fig.  n{S). 

Tetraijnatha  tertiaria  ScmUer,  'MH.',,  MiiuiU>.  <1.  Puloout.,  i,  ii.  711,  Fig.  927  (18«5). 

A  single  male  and  its  reverse  "earesent  the  under  surface  of  this  spe- 
cies; as  preserved,  it  is  of  a  pale  rusty  color,  the  cephalothoracic  append- 
ages much  darker  than  the  abdomen,  which  is  as  pale  as  the  legs,  or  than 
the  cephalothorax,  which  is  nearly  as  pale.  The  cephalothorax  is  circular 
or  scarcely  longitudinally  oval,  the  exposed  ventral  portion  between  the 
bases  of  the  mandibles  and  legs  shit^ld-shaped  or  heart-shaped.  The  nuvn- 
dibles  are  very  large,  longer  than  tlie  cephalothorax,  broader  on  the  apical 
than  on  the  basal  half  and  thus  formed  of  two  parts,  a  basal,  straight,  equal 
piece,  as  bro;id  as  the  third  or  fourth  legs  and  about  double  the  length  of 
the  coxa\  and  an  apical  ovate  portion,  not  unlike  the  apical  joint  of  the 
palpi,  somewhat  longer  than  the  basal  portion  and  fully  half  as  broad  again 
as  the  front  legs.  Beyond  these,  and  separated  from  them  by  a  little  space, 
and  therefore  suujiorted  by  a  long  pedicel,  which  however  is  not  preserved, 
are  the  apical  palpal  joints,  a  little  smaller  tlian  the  apical  j)ortion  of  the 
mandildes  and  of  about  the  sii-ue  shape,  in  the  int(U-ior  of  which  a  strongly 
curved  corneous  threa«l  can  be  made  out,  f(»rming  more  than  a  complete 


T8  TERTIAHV  INSECTS  OP  NOlt'ill  AMERICA. 

circle.  Tho  legs,  of  which  onl}'  the  third  and  fourtli  pairs  are  perfect,  are 
very  long,  exce[)ting  the  third  jKiir;  the  femora  and  perhaps  the  tibije  have  a 
superior  series  of  alternately  diverging,  slender,  very  distant  spines,  farther 
from  one!  another  than  their  own  lengths.  The  abdomen  is  long  obovate, 
sill  (cylindrical,  a  little  the  largest  at  the  base,  as  long  ..s  the  cephalothorax 
iind  cheliceres  together. 

Lengtii  of  body,  10""";  of  abdomen,  o"'"';  breadth  of  cephalothorax, 
2.5""";  of  abdoni«;n,  2.3"'"';  length  of  mandibles,  3.2""";  breadth  of  the  basal 
portion,  0.7"'"';  of  the  apical  portion,  1.3"'"';  greatest  diameter  of  last  palpal 
joint,  1.26""";  least  diameter  of  same,  1.15""":  lengtii  of  femora  of  first  pair 
of  legs,  8.75'"'";  of  second,  7""";  of  third,  3.5"'"':  '^f  fourth,  7""";  length  of 
third  pair  of  legs,  0.5""";  of  fourth  pair,  18.5'"'". 

Florissant.     One  ,t,  Nos.  5000  and  58!)H. 

TETHNEUS,  gen.  nov.  iSytfaHa,). 

Under  this  name  are  iiere  grouped  several  evidently  nearly  allied  spe- 
cies of  spiders,  which  closely  resemble  in  general  aspect  those  placed  und^r 
Epeira,  but  which  differ  also  from  them  in  certain  features,  and  in  these 
same  characteristics  appear  to  differ  also  from  all  other  Epeirides,  to  which 
family  they  evidently  belong.  The}'  are  compact  in  form,  with  short  and 
stout  legs  of  not  ver}-  unetpial  length,  and  in  particuj.ir  the  fiist  two  pairs 
of  legs  are  unusually  heavy.  The  second  and  foui-th  pairs  of  legs  are  of 
nearly  equal  length,  or  the  second  pair  may  be  slightly  longer;  the  feniora 
of  the  first  and  second  pairs  of  leg.-i  are  at  base  as  broad  as  or  even  broader 
than  half  the  width  of  tiie  cephalothorax,  and  the  longest  legs  are  lass,  gen- 
erally consideridjly  less,  than  twice  as  long  as  the  body.  The  species  are 
of  medium  size. 

TdbU  of  the  K/jecies  of  Te'hiieus. 

Ceiihalic  and  thoracic  portions  oi  the  coraelot  soparatod  by  a  distinct  rectangular  incision. 

Last  palpal  joint  of  male  globose 1.  T.giiyoti. 

Last  palpal  joint  of  male  elongated 4.  7'.  provectiis. 

No  lino  of  demarkation  between  the  two  parts  of  tlio  corselet. 

Smaller  species,  cephalothorax  regularly  obovate 2.  7'.  ohduralus. 

Larger  species,  cephalothorax  ovate,  nearly  pyriforni :i.  T.  henizii. 

1.  Tethnkus  guyoti. 
PI.  11,  Figs.  8(3),  10  (S). 

< '' !  ualothorax  roundly  obovate,  not  much  longer  tlian  broad,  broadest 
beh'ni'  the  middle,  the  cephalic  separated  from  the;  tiioracic  portion  by  a 
deep  incision,  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  whole  section ;  and  behind 


1 


AKACHNIDES— ARANEIDES— OUBITELAKI^. 


79 


it  is  a  distinct,  short,  median  furrow.  The  front  is  well  rounded;  nothing 
can  be  said  of  the  eyes;  the  last  palpal  joint  of  the  male  is  very  large  and 
globose,  the  basal  joints  evidently  short.  Abdomen  a  little  larger  than  the 
cephalothorax  and  of  the  same  general  form,  but  more  rogidarly  obovate. 
Legs,  especially  in  the  male,  rather  short,  the  femora  being  also  very  stout ; 
tibia3  and  tarsi  (but  not  the  fomoia)  furnished  with  a  superior  row  of  irreg- 
ularly alternating,  somewhat  divergent,  long  and  slender  spines  on  either 
side. 

Length  of  body,  S  7.75,  ?  8.5""";  of  cephalothorax,  ,(  3.5,  ?  4.25™"; 
width  of  same,  rT  3.8,  2  3.25""";  length  of  abdomen,  ,(  4.25,  ?  4.25""";  width 
of  same,  S  4,  9  3.5""";  diameter  of  last  palpal  joint,  ,?  1.4'""';  length  of  first 
pair  of  legs,  S  12.75-12,  ?  13.5°"";  its  tibia,  S  4.2-4'"'";  tarsi,  S  5.1-4.5'"™; 
width  of  femora,  S  1.2-1,  ?  0.8™";  second  pair,  ,?  11.75-10.5,  9  14.25""";  its 
tibia,  S  4-3.25™"';  tarsi,  c?  3.75-3.75™™;  third  pair,  S  7.75-G.5,  ?  8.5™™;  its 
tibia,  c?  2.5-2,  $  2.5"'™;  tarsi,  S  2.5-2.25,  J  3.5™"';  fourth  pair,  r  9.25-8,  ? 
12.75™™;  its  tibia,  S  3.25-2.5,  ?  4™™;  tars-"   ,?  3-2.5,  ?  4.25™™. 

The  second  measurements  of  the  legs  of  the  male  are  of  a  smaller  indi- 
vidual. It  will  be  seen  that  the  second  pair  of  legs  are  proportionately 
longer  in  the  female  than  in  the  male,  where  they  are  shorter  than  in  the 
first  pair. 

The  species  is  represented  by  four  individuals,  one  of  them  in  dupli- 
cate. All  but  one  are  males  and,  excepting  one  male,  all  are  tolerably  pre- 
served. 

Named  for  the  late  Prof  Arnold  Guyot,  to  whose  kindness  I  am 
indebted  for  the  opportunity  of  studying  the  Princeton  collection  of  Floris- 
sant i  isects. 

Florissant.  ?,  No.  320;  <?,  Nos.  8265,  8311,  and  from  the  Princetoa 
collection,  one  ,?,  Nos.  1 .808  and  1.854. 

2.  Tethneus  obduratus. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  31  (  9  ). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  rather  poor  specimen,  pretty 
certainly  affiliated  with  the  others  of  this  genus,  but  smaller  than  any  of 
them.  The  cephalothorax  is  of  a  very  regular  obovate  form,  nearl}'  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  with  a  small,  cii-cular,  dark,  oentrnl  spot ;  no  line  of 
demarkation  of  the  cephalic  and  thoiacic  portions  can  ha  seen ;  the  front  is 


80 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


strongly  convex,  but  no  certaia  trace  of  the  eyes  can  be  made  out.  The 
palpi  (female)  are  stout  and  large,  tapering  apically,  but  bluntly  pointed. 
The  legs  are  very  stout,  but  unfortunately  hardly  an}-  of  them  perfect. 

Length  of  cephalothorax,  S.O""" ;  breadth,  2.7'""' ;  projection  of  palpi 
beyond  front,  2""";  their  breadth,  0.4""";  breadth  of  fore  femora,  l-"" ; 
length  of  femora  of  first  pair  of  legs,  2"™ ;  tibia;,  3'""' ;  femora  of  second  i)air 
of  legs,  2.5"'"';  tibifle,  3'""';  tarsi,  3""" ;  femora  of  third  pair,  LS"";  tibite, 
2°'"  ;  tarsi,  2.5'""' ;  femora  of  fourth  pair,  2.25™"'. 

Florissant.     One  ?,  No.  7177. 

3.  Tethneus  hentzii. 
PI.  11,  Fip.  14(3). 

Tethnmui  hetiMi  Scudder,  Zittel,  Ilamll).  d.  l'al:..()iit.,  I,  ii,  744,  flg.  928  (ISaS). 

This  species  is  represented  by  seven  individuals,  one  of  them  in  dupli- 
cate and  all  of  them  males.  About  half  of  them  are  well  preserved.  The 
cephalothorax  is  short  ovate,  almost  pyriform,  broadest  behind  and  strongly 
convex  in  front,  with  no  demarkation  between  the  cephalic  and  thoracic 
portions  of  the  corselet ;  although  there  are  traces  of  the  eyes,  their  position 
and  relations  can  not  be  satisfactorily  determined.  Palpi  short,  the  terminal 
joint  barel}'  separated  entirely  from  the  front,  very  large  and  globose,  a 
little  longer  than  broad  by  reason  of  a  broad  bulbous  protrusion  of  the 
anterior  extremity,  which,  however,  is  not  clearly  apparent  in  all  the  speci- 
mens by  their  mode  of  preservation  ;  in  one  specimen  the  upper  anterior 
extremity,  and  that  only,  is  covered  with  rather  long  and  close  bristly  hairs, 
forming  an  open  tuft.  Abdomen  nearly  circular,  a  little  longer  than  broad, 
only  a  little  larger  than  the  cephaiothorax  and  of  a  lighter  color  than  it, 
with  a  darker,  broad,  median  patch  not  so  deep  in  tint  as  the  cephalothorax. 
Legs  short,  stout,  tapering,  spinous,  and  hairy  throughout,  of  not  greatly 
unequal  length,  the  femora  very  stout  and  tapering  more  rapidly  near  the 
tip  than  elsewhere. 

Length  of  body,  (5  5"'"' ;  width  of  same,  3"'"  ;  length  of  cephalothorax, 
3.5""";  of  al)domen,  3.26"'"':  longer  diameter  of  last  joint  of  pal;)i,  1.4"""; 
length  of  first  pjiir  of  logs,  13.75"'"';  its  coxa,  1.4'"'":  femur,  S.l"'"';  tibia, 
jmm  .  r^,.^^  tarsal  joint,  consolidated  w'th  the  tibia,  2.75"""  ;  the  tarsus  proper, 
5n,m.  lenjrthof  second  pair  of  legs,  11.5""";  its  coxa,  1.5""";  fem;:r,  2.7"""; 
tibin,  1""";  first  tansal  joint,  2.3'"'";  tarsus  oropor,   !""";  length  of  third  pair 


■' 


* 


ARACHNIDES— AKANKIDES-ORBITELARLE. 


81 


' 


■' 


of  legs,  7.25°"" ;  its  coxa,  CTS""™  ;  femur,  2""' ;  tibia,  O.S™"' ;  first  tarsal  joint, 
13°"";  tarsus  proper,  2.4™"' ;  length  of  fourth  pair  of  legs,  ;>.25""" ;  its  coxa, 
0.75""";  fenuir,  2.75""" ;  tibia,  1™"';  first  tarsal  joint,  1.75"'"' ;  tarsus  proper, 

Qmni 

Named  for  the  American  arachnologist,  the  late  Prof  N.  M.  Hentz. 

This  species  differs  from  T.  guyoti  in  wanting  a-. y  distinct  demarkation 
of  the  thoracic  and  cephalic  portions  of  the  corselet,  in  the  spiny  character 
(.-  the  femora,  and  in  the  longer  and  more  tapering  legs.     It  is  also  smaller, 

Florissant.  Seven  S,  Nos.  122G,  1447,  3860,  GGOO,  8533  and  8635, 
8689,  14982. 

4.  Tethnkus  provectus. 

PL  11,  Fig.  21  (  5  ). 

Four  specimens,  one  of  them  in  duplicate  and  all  of  them  tolerably 
preserved,  represent  both  sexes  of  this  species.  Cephalothorax  of  female 
(that  of  the  male  too  vague  for  determination  of  form)  rounded  subquadrate, 
broadest  and  subangulated  behind  the  middle,  the  rapidly  narrowing  front 
almost  straight  anteriorly,  and  scarcely  more  than  one-fourth  the  width  of 
the  posterior  portion  ;  cephalic  separated  from  the  thoracic  portion  of  the 
corselet  by  a  rectangular  incision  and  by  the  slightly  concave  curve  of  the 
sides  of  the  anterior  half;  the  cephaiic  is  also  distinctly  darker  than  the 
thoracic  region.  Nothing  can  be  said  of  the  eyes.  Tiie  last  [)alpal  joint  of 
the  male  is  large,  rounded  quadrate,  about  twi(!e  as*  long  as  broad  ;  tlie  palpi 
of  the  female  are  as  stout  as  the  base  of  the  front  tarsi,  hairy,  tapering  only 
on  the  apical  half  of  the  terminal  joint,  rather  bluntly  pointed,  expending 
nearly  as  far  beyond  the  front  as  the  whole  length  of  the  cephalothorax. 
Abdomen  as  dark  as  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  corselet,  in  the  female 
plump,  rounded,  slightly  ovate,  considerably  larger  than  the.cephaiothorax, 
the  apex  almost  angulated ;  in  the  male  rounded  subfusiform,  much  longer 
than  the  cephalothorax,  but  not  greatly  broader.  Legs  very  hairy  but 
without  conspicuous  spines,  the  femora  very  stout,  and  at  the  tip  rapidly 
tapering,  the  rest  of  the  legs  diminishing  in  size  less  noticeably  than  in  the 
preceding  species. 

Length  of  body.  6.5'"'" ;  of  cephalothorax,  S'""" ;  of  abdomen,  3.5™"" ; 
breadth  of  cephalothorax,  2.8"'=  ;  of  abdomen,  3.1"""  r  extension  of  palpi 

VOL  XIII- 6 


82  TBRTIAUY  INSEOTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

beyond  front,  2.2™"';  length  of  firat  pair  of  legs,  9.25"";  its  tibia,  3.25°"°; 
tarsi,  2.4""" ;  .second  pair  of  legs,  8""" ;  its  tibia,  2.75""  ;  tarsi,  2.4""  ;  third 
pair  of  legs,  5.5"" ;  fourth  pair  of  legs,  7"" ;  its  tibia,  2.3"™ ;  tarsi,  2.3"". 
The  nieiisnrements  are  all  taken  from  the  female. 

This  species  is  of  about  the  same  size  as  the  last,  but  differs  from  it  in 
its  slenderer  form,  the  shape  of  the  cephalothorux,  slightly  slenderer  and 
less  tapering  legs,  as  well  as  in  the  clothing  of  the  same. 

Florissant.  One  S,  three  i,  Nos.  8141,  13519  and  13522,  13524  (?), 
14991  {S). 

EPEIKA  Walckenaer. 

Only  a  very  few  species  have  been  described  in  a  fossil  state  under  this 
generic  name.  Heyden  figured  a  Gea  krantzii  from  the  Miocene  beds  of 
Rott  on  the  Rhine  which  Thorell  considers  an  Epeira  and  which  is  about 
the  size  of  E.  delita,  but  wliicli  does  not  resemble  any  of  our  sptcies,  Heer 
figures  an  Epeira  molassica  fi-om  Ooniiigen,  considerably  larger  than  any 
of  the  Florissant  Epeirae,  but  perhaps  more  nearly  resembling  E.  delita 
than  any  of  the  others.  iVfonge  names  but  does  not  describe  an  E.  eogena 
from  amV)er,  three  millimeri^rH  long,  or  of  about  the  size  of  our  smallest  spe- 
cies; and  tinallv  Bertkau  lias  more  reeentU  described  and  figured  a  second 
species  from  Rott,  under  the  name  of  E.  troschelii,  which  bears  no  small 
rosemblamce  Iw  «>ar  E.  meekii,  mth  wfarich  also  it  ajjrees  v«»ry  well  in  size. 

Seven  sp«!ciea  are  h«re  descrSbed  and  othters  in(firrtt»«d,  fin's  genus  being 
the  only  one  represente<l  <n  bonfti  conxnentH  in  Tertiary  times  which  is 
richei'  in  speei«H  in  Amerittu.  The  genus  is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
ind  'ta  orcuiTe?M?e  in  sncli  numbei-s  in  ttie  Florissant  be<ls  is  a  point  of  no 
sijrniticande  li*^<>nd  the  cora))ari8on  just  made  with  the  European  Tertiariea. 
tfcKjtol»er,  1K8L-. 

Table  iif  the  ipeeiei  of  Epeira. 

Cephalic  diatHatf|MSHMfMI  ftniniite  tliorwiic  part  of  the  oephalotliorax. 

Laqpi^pMnB:  tant^^f  i»fhal«tMirax  exciwMl  in  the  male   1.  A\  meekii. 

SauMfmfmmm.  fawturf < inipliii lannorax  rc;;aiiBriy  convnx  iu  the  male ...2.  E.  absoondila. 

CmhaiteaMl  ^hmmib  paMtaasatHhe  cophaiothorax  completely  blended, 

Alitlonma  dnttuMltr  •**■*<* - 3.  £.  deliUi. 

Friint  nr abdomen  quatbrnte,  sk broad  aa  iu  the  middle 4.  E.  cinrfacla. 

Abdoiiitt;    learly  jrlobnlar 

Liirpf  Bpecii'H:  abdomen  tmaller  than  cephalotbor.ix    ".  E.  vucanalii. 

Smaller  species ;  abdomen  itatter  than  cephalothorax 6.  E.  emertoni. 


ARACHNIDBS— ARANEIDES— OBBlTELABIJi:. 


83 


1.  Epeira  meekii. 

PI.  11,  Figs.  2  (  9  ),  17  (  i  ). 

Cephalothorax  of  the  male  large,  the  thoracic  portion  nearly  circular, 
scarcely  longer  than  broad,  imd  distinctly  separated  from  the  cephalic  por- 
tion, which  is  subquadrate,  expanding  anteriorly,  the  sides  scarcely  curved, 
at  the  extreme  front  parallel,  the  front  deeply  and  angularly  incised,  the 
whole  about  half  as  large  as  the  thoracic  portion.  Cephalothorax  of  female 
moderately  large,  compact,  the  thoracic  portion  as  in  the  male,  but  only  a 
little  largei-  than  the  square  thoracic  portion,  the  latter  being  equally  broad 
in  front  and  behind,  with  scarcely  convex  sides  and  a  slightly  excised  front, 
and  sparsely  furnished,  especially  ahtng  the  front,  with  stiff  bristles  resem- 
bling those  of  the  palpi.  Tiie  cephalotliorax  is  marked  by  a  rather  broad, 
dark,  median  band  and  two  fainter,  dark,  (ixtrenie  lateral  bands.  Abdomen 
globular,  scarcely  longer  than  l)road,  a  little  shorter  (<?)  or  a  little  longer 
($)  than  the  cephalothorax,  the  median  portion  very  broadly  marked  with 
brown,  deepening  toward  the  middle.  Some  of  the  eyes  can  be  seen  at  the 
edge  of  the  front  in  the  female,  showing  simply  that  they  are  of  the  usual 
size  a,nd  the  two  outer  separated  by  their  o\\  n  diameter.  The  ))alpi  of  the 
female  are  tolerably  stout,  stouter  than  the  tar.si,  as  long  as  the  cephiilitfho 
rax,  abruptly  terminated,  and  fuinished  somewhat  abinidantly  witii  bristles, 
considerably  longer  than  the  width  of  the  palpi;  those  of  tlio  mule  have  the 
apical  portion  large,  heniispheri(ta!,  and  hairy,  cimvexity  forward,  together 
nearly  as  large  as  the  cephalic  pirtion  of  the  cepi  alothorax,  and  separated 
from  that  by  a  [)eduncle  as  long  as  it;  from  the  iimer  edge  of  one  projects 
a  gently  subfusifomi,  slender,  arcuate  ril)bon,  as  long  as  the  width  of  the 
terminal  joint  and  direrted  forward,  with  the  <  onvexity  inwjird.  The  tibite 
are  armed  above  on  either  side  with  a  row  of  distant  bristles,  scarcsely 
longer  than  the  width  o£  the  tibia  and  farther  apart  than  their  length;  in 
the  fei,,  lie  a  few  scattered  l)ristles  also  occur  on  the  ftmiora.  especially  on 
the  front  pair.  The  fourth  pair  of  legs  is  sliorter  than  the  second  in  the 
male,  equal  to  or  scarcely  hmger  than  the  second  in  tlie  female;  the  third 
pair  of  1  gs  is  not  perfectly  preserved  in  either  of  the  male  specimens,  but 
in  the  female  is  half  the  length  of  the  first. 

Length  of  body,  ,?  7""",  2  8""";  of  ceplialothorax,  S  2.8'"'",  9  3.5""':  of 
aMomen,  c?  4.2""",  ^  4.5™"' ;  width  of  same.  7  3"*",  9  4.2"'"' ;  length  of  first 


84 


TKKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'"'"'  ^  r).76"'" 


pair  of  legs,  S  1(>.5""",  'i  U™"';  tibiar,  <?  5""",  ?  4'"'";  tarsi.  ,f  b 
second  pair  of  legs, .?  15""",  ?  12.7.5""" ;  tibioc,  <?  3.2;')"'",  ?  2.,5""" ;  tarsi,  c?  G"™, 
?  5.5"^"';  third  pair  of  legs,  9  7"'"';  tibiae,  ?  1.75"'"';  tarsi,  ?  S™"";  fourtli  pair 
of  legs,  (?  12"™,  2  IS™";  tibiae  ^  3  5"'™,  ?  3.5"'"';  tarsi,  c?  4.4""",  ?  5"'"';  length 
of  palpi,  c?  1.75'""',  ?  2.1'"'". 

This  specos  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  others  of  the  genus  here 
descril)ed  by  its  considerably  larger  size.  It  is  named  after  the  late  Mr.  F. 
H.  Meek,  nnicli  of  whose  paleontolog^cal  \vork  was  done  in  conjunction 
with  Dr.  Hayden.  It  resembles  in  general  appearance  as  well  as  in  size 
the  less  well  preserved  E.  troschelii  Bertkau  from  Rott  on  the  Rhine,  but 
has  proportionally  longer  legs  and  especially  much  longer  hind  legs ;  the 
disproportion  of  size  between  the  cephalothorax  and  abdomen  is  also  greater. 

Floris.sant.     Three  specimens;  two  /,  Nos.  9211,  8221,  one  $,  No.  3204. 

2.  Kpeira  auscondita. 
I'l.  11,  Fig.  ;  (c?). 

3Ial('. — Cephalothorax  subrotund,  the  cophiilic  portion  hemispherical, 
almost  black,  about  half  the  size  of  the  thoracic  i)art  and  separated  from  it 
ill  (he  lateral  outline  by  a  distinct  incision;  front  broadly  and  regularly 
rounded ;  thoracic  ])ortion  with  well  i-ounded  sides,  the  middle  half  very 
niMch  darker  tliaii  the  rest,  forming  a  broad,  mwlian,  dark  brown  band. 
Abdomen  sul)rotund,  longer  than  broad,  scai-cely  com))ress('d,  of  the  same 
size  as  the  ccphalothoi-ax,  with  faint  indications  of  a  broad  median  l>and, 
deejiest  in  tint  at  the  extremities  of  the  segments.  The  eyes  can  not  be 
seen.  The  palj)i  are  sessile,  the  terminal  joint  appearing  just  beyond  the 
front,  lai-ge  and  globose,  perhaj)s  a  Kttle  broader  posteriorly  than  anteriorly. 
The  legs  are  stout,  especially  the  femora,  not  very  long,  the  tibijc  furnished 
with  distant,  widely  divergent,  delicaie  bristles,  considerablv  longer  than 
rt*f'  width  of  the  tibia,  situated  on  eitiier  side.  They  are  not  completely  pre- 
served, but  have  been  worked  out  of  the  stone  since  the  plate  was  engraved, 
so  that  thoy  'ire  more  perfect  than  would  thei-e  appear.  The  fourth  pair, 
though  not  com|)letel}-  preserved,  is  apparently  longer  than  the  second,  as 
the  basal  jttints  ai»>  longer. 

Length  of  body,  4.25'""';  of  cephaiothorax,  2""";  of  abdomen,  2,25'""'; 
width  of  same,  1.8"'"' ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  11.25"'"' ;  tibia%  3™"' ;  tarsi, 
46""" ;  second  pair  of  legs,  9.75'"'" :  tibia>,  2..")""" ;  tarsi,  3.4"'"' ;  third  pair  of 


\ 


AUACIINIDES-AUANEIDES— OKHlTKI.AKLt:. 


85 


legs  (broken),  5.6'""' ;  fourth  pair  of  legH  (broken),  S""" ;  of  i)iirt  previous  to 
tibia,  a.2""" ;  diameter  of  palpi,  0.45""". 

This  species  differs  from  E.  meekii  in  size,  in  the  shape  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax,  the  stouter  femora,  and  more  sparsely  armed  tibise. 

Florissant.    One  (?,  No.  75»3. 

3.  Epeiha  dkmta. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  6  {SI). 

Cephalothorax  rounded  obovate,  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions 
completely  blended,  the  sides  uniforndy  rounded,  the  front  very  convex, 
with  no  eyes  that  can  be  seen;  neither  are  the  palpi  preserved,  the  part 
figured  between  the  front  legs  having  no  relation  U>  the  spider  ;  it  is  judged 
to  be  a  male  from  the  small  size  of  the  abdomen  which  is  ovate,  no  larger  than 
the  cephalothorax,  largest  in  front  of  tlie  middle,  but  here  sliglitly  narrower 
than  the  cephalothorax,  tapering  slightly  behind,  and  well  rounded  at  the 
extremity.  The  legs  have  verv  stout  femora,  those  of  the  front  pair  taper- 
ing in  the  middle,  and  both  femi/t a  and  tibia'  and  e\en  the  basal  part  of  the 
tarsi,  but  especially  the  tibiae,  armed  with  very  long,  very  distant,  deHcate, 
divergent  spinules  considerably  longer  than,  sometimes  almost  twice  as  long 
as,  the  width  of  the  tibiae ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  tibia;  tapers  perceptibly. 
The  second  pair  of  legs  is  represented  too  long  in  the  plate,  though  it  is 
unusually  long,  not  greatly  falling  behind  tlie  tirjst  pair  and  exceeding  the 
fourth  in  length  nearly  as  much  as  that  exceeds  the  third  pair. 

Length  of  body,  4.75'"'" ;  of  cephalothorax,  2.25'"'" ;  widtli  of  .same,  2'"'"; 
length  of  abdomwi.  2.5'"'";  of  first  pair  of  legs,  11.5°"";  tibia>,  3.5""";  tarsi, 
S""™ ;  second  pair  of  legs,  d.S""" ;  tibia;,  3.25°"" ;  tarsi,  4.2'""' ;  third  pair  of 
legs,  7.5'"'"  ;  tibiae,  2""' :  tar.si,  2..5""" :  fourth  pair  of  leg.s,  9""" ;  tibial,  2.25""'"; 
tarsi,  3.75'"'". 

I'liis  s;)ecies  agrees  well  with  E.  abscondita  in  size,  but  is  leadily  dis- 
tinguished both  from  it  and  from  E.  meekii  in  the  uniform  character  of  the 
cephalothorax  and  the  relative  length  of  the  legs. 

Florissant.    One  <?,  No.  13523. 

4.    EpEIRA   CINEFACTA. 

PI.  11,  Fig.  16  ( ,J  ). 

Jlfa^e.— Cephalothorax  globose,  blackish,  the  dividing  line  between  it 
and  the  abdomen  concealed  by  the  overhanging  quadrate  front  of  the 


86 


TEItTIARY  INHKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKIOA. 


abdomen,  and  the  ceplialic  and  tlioracic  portions  completely  blended  ;  possi- 
bly it  is  slightly  longer  than  broad.  The  e3'es  can  not  be  made  out;  the 
terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  (as  preserved,  sessile)  is  moderately  large,  globular 
or  slightly  ovate,  black,  but  none  of  the  internal  structure  can  be  made  out. 
Abdomen  subquadrate,  tapering  very  slightly  from  in  front  backward,  the 
front  straight  with  well  rounded  lateral  angles,  the  posterior  extremity  well 
rounded,  the  whole  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides  nearly  straight. 
Legs  closely  resembling  those  of  E.  delita,  the  second  pair  l»eing  unusually 
long,  but  oven  more  than  in  that  species  exceeding  proportionally  the  extent 
of  the  fourth  pair ;  the  femora  are  only  moderately  stout,  and,  like  the  tibia', 
though  to  a  less  extent,  are  furnished  with  delicate  spirndes,  less  divergent 
but  more  abundant  than  usual,  exceeding  in  length  the  width  of  the  tibia?. 

Length  of  body,  ii""" ;  width  of  cephalothorax,  1""" ;  length  of  abdomen, 
2.25"'";  its  width  anteriorly,  1.65""";  posteriorly,  L2""" ;  diameter  of  Last 
palpal  joint,  0.35™" ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  !)""» ;  tibije,  2.9"'"' ;  tarsi, 
4""";  .second  pair  of  leg.s,  8""" ;  tibijB,  2.1""" ;  tansi,  3.5""" :  third  pair  of  legs, 
4.Ho"'"";  tibise,  1.3"'"';  tarsi,  2.1""" ;  fourth  pair  of  legs,  6..5""";  tibite,  2"'"' ; 
tarsi,  2.5'"™. 

This  species  differs  from  all  others  of  the  genus  here  described  in  the 
shape  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  elongate,  and  the  sides  oi'  which  are  not 
rounded  l)ut  subparallel.  In  the  chai'acteristi(!s  of  the  legs,  however,  it  re- 
sembles the  preceding.  A  single  male,  represented  by  both  obverse  and 
reverse,  is  better  preserved  than  the  figure  in  the  plate  would  indicate,  as 
the  form  of  the  whole  abdomen  can  be  seen  as  wcdl  as  of  the  last  palpal  joint. 
The  figiu'e  morevcr  indicates  the  shape  of  the  body  altogether  wrongly,  as 
the  cephalothorax  should  be  smaller  and  the  abdomen  should  taper  con- 
siderably behind,  as  the  measurements  show. 

Flori.ssant.     One  ?,  No.  H576  and  HSOC. 

5.    El'KIRA    Vll.CANALIS. 

Mah'. — Cephalothorax  nearly  globular,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  the 
cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  completely  blended,  but  marked  by  a  large 
semicircular  depression  anteriorly,  occupving  a  little  more  than  the  front, 
i.e.,  encroaching  upon  the  lateral  margin,  and  of  a  darker  brown  than  the 
thoracic  portion.  Front  somewhat  convex,  with  insufficient  trace  of  eyes. 
Cheliceres  stout,  as  long  as  the  cephalic  portion  of  the  corselet,  tapering, 
bluntly  rounded  at  the  tip.     Last  joint  of  palpi  very  large,  nearly  as  large 


AHAOIINIDKS— AHANKIFJKS— ORUrTKLAUIiK. 


87 


itH  the  cephalic  part  of  the  corselet,  blackish,  glctbular,  itw  jirnxinial  end  us 
preserved  lying  just  beyond  the  tip  of  the  cheliceres,  the  stalk  not  pre- 
served. Abdomen  lighter  colored  than  the  cephalothornx,  snialhu'  than  it, 
sul^lobular,  a  little  flatten,  .i  at  base,  with  a  pair  of  subdorsal  series  of  black 
points  in  a  slightly  curving  row,  its  convexity  outward ;  the  anal  jilate 
darker,  circular,  not  half  so  large  as  the  apical  joint  of  palpi.  liCgs  long, 
of  very  unequal  length,  the  femur  much  stouter  than  the  tapering  parts 
beyond,  furnislit-d  rather  abundantly  with  diverging  spines  nearly  to  the  tip, 

LengtlK.f  body,  3.5"'"';  of  cephahnhorax,  1.7"""' .  of  abdomen,  1..V""; 
of  cephalic  portion  of  corselet,  0.6"'°';  of  cheliceres,  0.65"'"';  breadth  of 
cephalothorax,  16"'"';  of  abdomen,  1.6""";  diameter  of  palpal  swelling, 
0.65""" ;  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  7.25""" ;  femora,  2™"' ;  tibii«,  2"'"' ;  tarsi, 
3.25""';  second  pair  of  legs,  6""";  femora,  1.4""";  tibia;,  2™"';  tarsi,  2.6""; 
third  pair  of  legs,  2.9"":  tarsi,  1.4"";  fourth  pair  of  legs,  4.7'"™;  femora, 
1.65"";  tibial,  1.25"";  tarsi,  1.8""". 

This  species  resembles  E.  emertoni  in  general  aspect,  but  i«  much  larger 
than  it,  and  differs  from  it  in  several  important  points,  such  as  the  rotundity 
and  especially  the  much  greater  size  of  the  cephalothorax  as  compared  with 
the  abdomen,  and  the  greater  stoutness  of  the  femora. 

Florissant.     One  g,  No.  5784. 

6.  Epeiba  emertoni. 
PI.  11,  Figs.  15  (  3 ),  10  (  9 ). 

Male. — Cephalothorax  dark  brown,  snbglobose,  a  little  longer  than 
broad,  the  cephalic  only  distinguished  from  the  thoracic  portion  by  a  slight 
bend  in  the  curved  outline  ;  front  well  rounded  with  no  sign  of  eyes ;  last 
joint  of  palpi  blacki.sh,  very  large,  globular,  more  than  half  as  large  as  the 
cephalic  portion  of  the  cephalothorax,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the  length 
of  the  basal  joints,  containing  a  falcate  ribbon  of  slender  and  uniform  width, 
nearly  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  joint,  bent  at  its  distal  edge,  bluntly 
pointed  at  the  tip,  which  is  situated  near  the  middle.  Abdomen  light  brown, 
globular,  slightly  larger  than  the  cephalothorax.  Legs  moderately  long, 
rather  sparsely  haired,  the  femora  tolerably  stout  and  furnished  with  dis- 
tant, slender,  divergent  spinules,  hardly  so  long  as  the  width  of  the  joint, 
and  which  also  appear  in  one  or  two  places  only  on  the  tibiae. 

Female. — Cephalothorax  black,  globular,  with  no  sign  of  distinction 
hetween  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  portions  ;  neither  eyes  nor  palpi  are  pre- 


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88 


TKUTJAKY  LNSKCTS  OF  NOllTH  AMKUICA. 


served.  Abdomen  dark  })rown,  especially  in  a  very  broad  median  band 
occupying  fully  half  the  width  of  tlie  dorsal  aspect,  short  ovate,  nearly  half 
as  broad  af^ain  as  the  cephalothorax,  and  oidy  about  one-third  as  long  again 
as  bro«d.  Legs  apparently  rather  short  (they  are  not  well  preserved  and 
mostly  bent  beneath  the  body),  sparsely  haired,  witli  slight  trace  of  spinules. 

Length  of  bod>-,  /  2.25""",  2  3.75""' ;  of  cephalothorax,  .?  1"'"',  $  L35"'"'; 
width  of  same,  <f  U.ii"'"',  ,  l.a"'"' ;  length  of  abdomen,  c(  1.25""",  ?  2.4""";  width 
of  same,  ,f  1"'",  9  1.8""";  diameter  of  last  palpal  joint,  ,?  0.35""";  length  of 
first  pair  of  legs,  ,?  4.65""",  ?  3.25"""  (plus  tarsi);  tibia;,  ,(  1.5""",  ?  1"""; 
tarsi,  (?  1.75'""';  of  second  pair  of  legs,  ,^  4.2"'"',  ?  2  6'"'"  (plus  tarsi);  tibije, 
c?  1.3""",  2  0.8"'"';  tarsi,  S  1.75'""';  of  tliird  pair  of  legs,  <r  2"""  ;  of  fourth  pair 
ot  legs,  cf  3.25'""'. 

It  is  ])Ossible  of  course  that  this  ,?  aiul  ?  do  not  belong  together,  in 
which  case  the  male  as  tiie  most  perfectly  preserved  should  be  considered 
the  type  of  the  species.  It  is  smaller  than  any  other  of  the  species  referred 
hero  to  Epeira,  excepting  perhaps  the  one  to  which  no  name  is  given,  and 
it  differs  from  all  in  the  globular  or  nearly  globular  form  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax as  well  as  in  other  characteristics,  as  will  appear  on  comparing  the 
descriptions.  The  species  is  named  for  Mr.  J.  H.  Emerton,  whose  papers 
on  North  American  ArachnidiB  have  been  of  much  assistance  to  the  writer. 

Florissant.     One  <?,  one  ?,  Nos.  8777,  5117. 

A  single  specimen,  apparently  a  female,  which  is  also  provisionally 
leferred  to  this  species,  is  considerably  smaller  than  the  other  female  and  has 
more  densely  hairy  legs  (almost  the  only  parts  preserved),  the  lengths  of 
which  are  as  folhnvs :  first  i)aii',  3.5"'"' ;  second  pair,  3.25'""' ;  third  pair, 
1.7"""  ;  fourth  pair,  3.25""'. 

Florissant.     One  9- ,  No.  10998. 

Epeika  sp. 
PI.  11,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  specimen,  figured  in  PI.  11,  Fig.  1,  is  the  only  representative 
of  a  species  apparently  of  Epeira,  certainly  distinct  from  the  others,  but  too 
poorly  preserved  to  indicate  more.  The  outlines  of  the  body  are  almost 
altogether  obliterated,  and  it  can  only  be  said  that  it  is  one  of  the  smallest 
species,  being  larger  only  than  the  smallest  specimen  referred  to  E.  emer- 
toni,  but  clearly  distinct  from  that  in  the  much  greater  stoutness  of  the 
femora,  which  are  indeed  unusually  robust,  and  the  length  of  the  third  pair 


ARAOHNIDKS— AKA>K1DES— ORHITELAULE. 


81) 


of  legs,  whicli  appear  nearly  to  equal  tlie  fourth.     It  is  impossible  to  say  to 

what  sex  it  belongs. 

Length  of  Mrst  pair  of  legs,  5.5""" ;  of  third  pair,  7"'"' ;  tibia,  2"'"';  tarsi, 

2.5°""  ;  of  femora  and  tibia  of  fourth  pair,  4""" ;  width  of  its  femora,  O.?™"" ; 

length  of  its  tibia,  2'""'. 

Florissant.     No.  9285. 

Epeira  sp. 

Several  specimens  represent  legs  of  the  same  or  allied  species  of  spidur 
of  about  the  size  of  Epeira  riparia  Hentz ;  the  femora  and  tibiae  and  tlie 
sides  of  the  tarsi  are  abundantly  supplied  with  longitudinal  rows  of  fine, 
long,  black  spines,  the  claw  double.  Another  preserves  the  spines  alone 
of  the  same  sort  of  leg. 

Length  of  femora,  T""' ;  of  tibiae,  7.75""" ;  of  tarsi,  3.25"'™ ;  of  claw, 
O.S""  ;  of  spines,  0.75"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Nos.  3,  4*,  36,  4199,  4200. 

Epeira  sp. 

Still  another,  from  the  same  locality  as  the  last,  shows  the  hairy,  sub- 
fusilorm,  ovate  body  of  a  spider  apparently  a  little  smaller  than  the  above. 
Length  of  abdomen,  4.5"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  LS""". 
Green  River,  Wyoming.     No.  63. 

Nephila  Leach. 

This  interesting  tropical  genus  has  never  before  been  found  fossil,  and 
although  the  species  here  described  differs  considerably  from  any  with 
which  I  have  been  able  to  compare  it,  it  is  interesting  to  see  some  special 
points  of  comparison  with  a  common  species  of  our  Southern  States,  as  will 
be  noticed  further  on.  Its  presence  at  Florissant  decidedly  indicates  a 
warmer  climate  than  the  present,  though  not  necessarily  one  much  warmer 

Nephila  pennatipes. 

PI,  11,  Fig.  12. 

Nephila  pennatipes  Scndder,  Zittel,  Handb.  U.  PHlieont.,  I,  ii,  744,  Fig.  926  (1885). 

Cephalic  portion  of  corselet  square,  with  rounded  angles,  the  front 
margin  slightly  excised  in  the  middle ;  two  eyes  only  can  be  made  out, 
situated  posterior  to  the  front  margin  by  nearly  their  own  diameter,  of 
moderate  size,  less  than  one-fourth  tl  e  >vidth  of  the  terminal  joint  of  the 
palpus,  and  placed  rather  nearer  the  middle  line  than  the  outer  edge  of  the 
body.     Palpi  stout,  not  very  long,  bluntly  rounded  at  tip*  and  exte.iding  in 


I 


90 


TKKTIAKY  INSKCTS  OF  NOKTU  AMBRICA. 


front  of  the  body  by  a  little  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  front  of  the 
corselet.  (Th^se  organs  are  incorrectly  given  in  the  plate,  which  was 
drawn  before  the  specimen  had  been  properly  prei)ared.) 

The  first  pair  of  legs  are  the  longest,  the  third  the  shortest,  and  the 
second  and  fonrth  of  eqnal  length,  moderately  slender,  tlie  first  and  fonrth, 
and  to  a  less  degree  the  second,  fumished  at  tlie  extremity  of  the  tibia?  with 
a  brush  of  coarse  divergent  hairs,  giving  this  portion  of  the  leg  the  appear- 
ance of  being  about  half  as  broad  again  as  it  should  be;  all  the  joints  of 
the  legs  can  not  be  made  out,  but,  to  judge  by  analogy,  the  brush  would 
appear  to  occupy  about  half  (the  distal  Iialf)  of  the  tibia;  there  appears  to 
be  no  such  brush  on  tlie  third  pair  of  legs,  nor  any  marked  increase  of  liairi- 
ness  or  stoutness  of  tlie  hairs  at  the  cijjs  of  the  femora.  The  legs  have  also 
been  worked  out  of  the  stone  since  the  plate  was  drawn,  so  that  they  are 
nearly  complete,  'vitli  the  exception  of  tlie  appendages.  With  this  omis- 
sion the  tarsi  compose  scarcely  less  than  two-fifths  of  the  whole  leo-. 

The  thoracic  portion  of  the  cephalothorax  is  subglobular,  a  little 
broader  than  the  corselet  and  just  equaling  the  width  of  the  abdomen  at 
its  greatest  at  the  end  of  the  basal  third ;  the  abdomen  is  oblong  ovate, 
a1)0ut  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  well  rounded  apex. 

Length  of  body,  14"'"';  of  abdomen,  8.5"'"';  width,  3.7""";  length  of 
palpi  beyond  the  front  of  body,  2""";  length  of  first  pair  of  legs,  26"'"';  first 
tarsal  joint,  8.2.V'"" :  second  joint,  2.25""";  of  hair-tuft,  3.5-3.75"'"';  second 
pair  of  legs,  23""":  first  tarsal  joint,  7,25"""';  second  joint,  2.25'""';  of  hair- 
tuft,  2..")"'"';  third  pair  of  legs,  13.5""";  first  tarsal  joint,  4.5"""';  second  joint, 
1.5"'"';  fourth  pair  of  legs,  23'""':  first  tarsal  joint,  7'""';  second  joint,  2"'"'; 
of  hair-tuft,  4.5"""';  diameter  of  eves,  (XTi"'". 

The  general  resemblance  of  this  spider  to  Nephila  plumipes  Koch  of 
our  southern  Atlantic  sea-board,  familiar  to  us  by  the  researches  of  Wilder, 
will  strike  every  Ameri(!an  naturalist  jit  a  glance.  It  is,  however,  a  much 
smaller  species,  if  the  fossil  be  fully  grown,  and  differs  from  it  in  some 
striking  point;!,  vciy  prol)al)ly  of  generic  importance.  The  e^es  differ  con 
siderably,  although  the  position  of  only  two  of  those  of  the  fossil  species 
is  known;  the  corselet  is  squarer  in  the  fossil,  and  per  contra  the  abdomen 
is  oval  and  not  quadrate;  while  the  tarsi  are  unusually  long  in  proportion 
to  the  whole  leg;  the  tufts  of  hairs  occur  only  on  the  extremity  of  the  tibite. 
Nephila  is  essentially  a  tropical  genus. 

Florissant     One  ?  ,  No.  11651. 


T 


i 


NKDKOI'THUA. 


91 


^ 


T 


ISTEUROPTEEA  Linne. 

Using  this  term  in  its  lar^re  sense,  as.  for  convenience,  we  have  done 
here,  there  is  no  group  of  fossil  insects  more  interesting.  In  no  otiier, 
unless  it  be  the  cockroaches  among  Orthoptera,  do  we  find  a  considerable 
represeatation  in  all  the  rocks  which  have  yielded  fossil  remains  Still  the 
time  has,  perhaps,  not  yet  come  for  a  careful  historical  survey  of  the  group, 
since  we  are  annually  receiving  large  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
extinct  types,  and  a  consIdera))le  number  of  those  known  have  been  insufK- 
ciently  studied.  Such  a  study,  too,  belongs  essentially  to  the  student  of 
the  older  types,  and  would  be  less  appropriate  here,  for  it  may  certainly  be 
stated  with  confidence  that  the  types  of  existing  Neuroptora  were  thor- 
oughly establisiied  at  the  beginning  of  the  Tertiaries.  \Vith  a  single  excep- 
tion, Ballostonia,  no  large  group  existed  then  and  has  since  ex[)ired,  nor  is 
there  a  single  existing  type  of  any  prominence  which  has  not  been  found  in 
the  Tertiaries,  unless  we  look  upon  the  aberrant  and  until  lately  hardly 
known  Scolopendrella  as  belonging  here.  Yet  a  large  proportion  of  the 
genera  of  Tertiary  Neuroptera  are  extinct ;  that  is,  differentiation  has  gone 
on  with  the  lapse  of  time,  until  the  original  characteristic  features  of  an 
early  group  have  been  lost  and  new  ones  taken  their  place,  and  no  species 
referred  to  in  the  following  ])ages  exists  at  the  present  time.  'J'he  differ- 
ences between  the  Tertiary  and  existing  forms  are  never  very  great,  usually 
rather  small,  but  they  are  constant  and  everywhere  found. 

The  number  of  known  Tertiary  Neuroptera  is  considerable.  For  the 
sake  of  graphic  comparison  T  have  presented  the  facts  as  far  as  possible  in 
the  following  table,  where,  in  the  European  cohunns,  the  numbers  at  the 
right  are  the  real  total,  the  others  representing  those  known  from  the  rocks 
alone  (excluding  the  amber)  for  the  sake  of  comparing  more  fairly  the  yield 
of  the  European  and  American  rocks.  The  numbers  on  the  American  side 
rej)resent  with  a  singh;  excejjtion  (Phryganea  hyporl)orea  from  Greenland) 
the  result  of  nn-  own  studies  only,  and  therefore  the  numerical  estimate  is 
presumably  more  correct  than  in  the  European;  in  the  latter  I  have 
endeavored  to  give  a  fi^ir  statement  of  the  numbers,  including  a  considera- 
ble proportion  of  mere  indications,  the  value  of  which  had  to  be  weighed, 
Hometimes  in  a  somewhat  summary  manner. 


I 


92 


TEKTIAKY  INHIiCTS  OF  NOltTH  AMERICA. 


Tabular  liaUment  of  the  known  njwHef  of  Terliary  yettroptera. 


Grand  total,  237. 


Auii'i'i- 
caii. 

Kiiropeaii. 

Kxci.        Iiiul, 
amber,  i  amber. 

i 

....      .    i  - 

Ameri- 
can. 

European. 

Exol. 
amber. 

Inol. 
amber. 

nalloHtoma 

1 

1 
0 

Lepisniati(lic(Ciniira) 

0 
0 

18 
10 

Poduridii'  (Collciubola) 

Thysiiimra 

"2 

6 
0 
1 

0 

c 

0 
10 
0 
0 

1 

1 

28 

Termitina 

16 

Embidina 

1 

Psocina -  -  - 

13 

Perlina 

11 

Kpbetuorina 

7 

Agrionidip 

8 
0 
8 
0 
2 
9 
0 
1 
1 

i» 

1 

10 

3 
4 
7 
2 
15 
*IT 

10 

2 

IS 

5 

5 

10 

2 

15 

lY 

CalontDrvBidn? 

Agrionina 

(Joniphidu) 

^scbnidiE 

^li^schnina 

Cor(fiilidu' 

LibelluMdai 

Libelhilina 

Odonata 

11 

31 

39 

Sialida* 

0 
4 
4 

8 
4 
6 

0 

(1 
2 

1 
0 
1 

1 
0 

1 

2 
1 
0 

1 

a 

1 

3 

H 
0 
8 
2 
1 
1 
4 

Rapbidiiil.R 

Sialiua 

Hemerobidii! 

ChryHopidn!  

Hepierobina 

Ascalapbiua 

Myrmeleontina 

Couiopter  ygida' 

Pauorpida; 

Planipennia 

12 

6 

1Q 

Hydroptilida; 

0 

0 

17 

2 

0 

t2    ■ 

4    ! 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
t2 
t5 

2 
2 

16 
5 
4 
3 

S 

Rbyacophilidn; 

i 

Hydropsychidas 

Leptocerida)  

Sericostomida! 

Limnophilidu; 

PhryganidiB 

Trichoptera 

1 

25 

7 

40 

j     

Total 

63 

59 

174 

1 

1 


*  This  number  is  largely  made  up  of  larTiE.  which  may  be  the  tame  aa  some  of  the  iroagot. 
t  Inclncline  larral  caaea. 


NEUROrXERA. 


93 


1 


This  table  brings  to  light  some  curious  discordances  when  the  species 
from  the  American  and  European  rocks  are  compared.  This  indeed  is 
marked  in  every  instance  where  the  numbers  are  considerable  on  either  side, 
excepting  in  the  Termitina,  where  we  have  six  American  to  ten  European 
species.  Europe  shows  a  decided  superiority  in  the  Odonata,  where  thirty- 
four  species  are  offset  l)y  only  eleven  species  in  America ;  and  it  is  not 
a  little  curious  (though  not  unexpected,  considering  the  nature  of  the 
deposit)  that  it  is  here  only  that  the  amber  fauna  adds  scarcely  at  all  to  the 
European  preponderance.  The  American  Thysanura  find  no  counterpart 
in  the  European  rocks,  though  the  amber  fauna  counts  no  less  than  twenty- 
eight  species,  while  the  American  representatives  of  the  Ephemerina  (six 
species),  the  Plani])eimia  (twelve  species),  and  the  Trichoptera  (twenty-five 
species)  far  outweigh  the  European  examples,  Ephemerina  (one  species), 
Planipennia  (six  species),  Trichoptera  (seven  species).  Tliis  American 
preponderance  is  in  every  instance  counterbalanced  when  the  total  Tertiary 
yield  of  Europe  is  brought  to  view,  the  Ephemerina  showing  seven  species, 
the  Planipennia  nineteen  species,  and  the  Trichoptera  forty  species. 

If  the  smaller  groups  are  considered,  there  are  some  closer  correspond- 
ences, as  when  we  find  eight  species  of  American  Agrionina  to  ten  in  the  Euro- 
pean rocks,  two  American  to  one  European  HemerobidiE  and  Panorpida;,  two 
American  to  two  European  Limno}diilida!,  and  four  American  to  five  Euro- 
pean Phryganida3.  The  discrepancies,  however,  are  not  less  marked,  for 
we  find  of  groups  unrepresented  in  European  rocks  four  species  each  of 
KaphidiidjE  and  Chrysopidix;,  seventeen  of  Hydropsychida%  and  two  of 
Leptoceridai  in  American  strata,  which  in  the  first  two  instances  are  hardly 
or  not  at  all  represented  in  amber.  On  the  other  hand,  the  European 
rocks  show  species  of  Calopterygida;  (one),  Gomphida)  (three),  Cordulidai 
(two),  Sialidai  (one),  Ascalaphina  (two),  and  Myrmeleontidaj  (one),  where 
the  American  rocks  are  wholly  destitute.  On  the  whole,  the  European 
rocks,  as  compared  with  the  Amer'cai.,  are  rich  in  Odonata  and  poor  in 
p]phemerina,  Planipennia,  and  Trie  ioptera.  While,  if  the  entire  Tertiary 
yield  of  Europe  is  considered,  Ameriv^a  nowhere  shows  a  considerable  pre- 
ponderance of  forms  excepting  in  the  sn.all  planipennian  groups  of  RaphL- 
diida^  and  Chrysopida;,  while  Europe  has  a  very  striking  preponderance  in 
Thysanura,  Psocina,  Perlina,  iEschnina,  Libellulina,  and  Hemerobidas, 
having  in  none  of  these  cases  less  than  four  times  as  many-species  as 
America.     (February,  1884.) 


I 


94 


riSKTlARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEUIOA. 


Oi-der  THYSANURA.   Latreille. 

All  we  have  hitherto  known  of  fossil  Thysainim  luis  been  derived  from 
inclusions  in  aniher,*  of  v/hich  about  eig'hteen  species  of  six  or  seven  genera 
of  Lepisinatidn-  and  ton  species  of  four  genera  of  Podnridit'  are  known ; 
aniong  them  are  some  \'ery  remarkable  forms.  Florissant  has  yielded  two 
species  of  this  gniiip,  the  first  that  luue  been  found  in  rock  deposits,  and 
one  of  them  in  considerable  numbers,  representing  a  species  of  exceptional 
interest. 

Suborder  BALLOSTOMA  Scudder. 

For  characters  see  under  the  single  species,  at  the  end. 


PLANOOKPIIAl.US  Scudder. 

PL.ANOCKFHAMJfi    ASELLOIDES. 

(Seo  tigiireH  in  text  below.) 

Planocephaliis  melloides  Sondd.,  Mem.  Nut.  Acad.  Sciences,  III,  ei'i-OO  Figs.  (1885);  in  Zittel,  Handb. 
Paliwout.,  I,  ii,  77:i,  Fig.  972  (1885);  Bertk.,  Sitznngsb.  niederrh.  (jiesellscb.  Natnr.  u.  Heilk., 
18«5,  298  ( 1885). 

Among  the  remains  of  animals  in  mj'^  hands  found  in  the  ancient  lake 
basin  of  Florissant  are  about  forty  specimens  of  an  onisciform  arthropod, 
about  a  centimeter  in  length,  whose  affinities  have  proved  very  perplexing. 
This  does  not  result  from  poorness  of  preservation,  for  among  the  numerous 
specimens  apparently  all  the  prominent  extern:.i  features  are  found  com- 
pletely preserved,  and  even  the  course  of  some  of  the  internal  organs  may 
occasionally  be  traced ;  but  it  presents  such  anomalies  of  structure  that  we 
are  at  a  loss  where  to  look  for  its  nearest  kin. 

It  appears  to  be  an  aquacic  animal.  Its  body  consists  of  three  large 
subequal  thoracic  joints,  and  an  abdomen  about  half  as  hirge  again  as  any 
one  of  them,  with  occasional  indications  of  a  feeble  division  into  four  seg- 
ments. These  are  the  only  jointed  divisions  that  can  be  found  in  the  body, 
there  being  no  distinct  head.  The  thoracic  segments  are  so  considered 
because  each  bears  a  pair  of  legs,  whicli  occur  nowhere  else.  Their  dorsal 
plates  avo  large,  flat  longitudinally,  and  arched  transversely,  smooth,  and 
deeply  and  narrowly  notched  in  the  middle  of  the  front  margin.  The  first 
plate,  in  which  the  median  notch  is  more  conspicuous  and  open  than  in  the 

'  Since  this  was  written  Brongniart  has  described  a  species  from  the  Carbonifernns  deposits  of 
( 'onnuentry,  France. 


NEUEOPTEBA— THY8ANUKA— BALL08T0MA. 


96 


others,  also  narrows  and  becomes  more  arched  in  front,  so  as  to  form  a  sort 
of  hood.  The  legs  are  very  broad  and  compressed,  and  adapted  to  swnn- 
ming,  which  was  apparently  their  use,  as  there  would  be  no  need  of  such 
compression  to  crawl  into  chinks  when  the  body  is  so  much  arched.  They 
consist  of  a  femur,  tibia,  and  two  tarsal  joints,  terminated  b)-  a  single  curved 
claw.  The  femur  is  very  large,  subovate,  inserted  (presumably  by  a  coxa) 
in  large  cavities,  those  of  opposite  sides  separated  by  their  own  width,  and 
situated  a  little  behind  the  middle  of  each  segment.  The  tibia  is  also  very 
large  and  subovate,  but  more  elongated  and  squarer  at  the  ends,  being 
about  twice  as  long  as  l»road,  and  fringed  on  the  anterior  edge  b}-  a  row  of 
delicate  hairs  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  joint.     Of  the  two  tarsal  joints,  the 


Fit;.  3. 


Fig.  1,  ilnrsal  view  j  Fig.  2.  lateral  view ;  Fig.  .'1.  trnnsvorne  spctinnal  viow  of  Pluiio 
ceplialim  asellniclea  from  tiie  01ij;ucenBof  Fluri.ixaiit,  Colorailn,  restnrncl,  and  niaenlflod 
about  six  diametera. 


Fig.  1. 


basal  is  a  little  the  larger,  being  both  longer  and  stouter.  Each  is  armed 
at  the  tip  internally  with  a  tolerably  stout  sjjine  of  moderate  length,  and 
together  they  are  a  little  longer  than  the  tibia,  much  slenderer,  and  quad- 
rate in  form.  The  terminal  claw  is  about  half  as  long  as  the  terminal  joint. 
The  hind  legs  are  somewhat  stouter  and  the  micMle  pair  a  little  shorter 
than  the  others ;  but  otherwise  they  closely  resemble  each  other. 

The  different  segments  of  the  thorax,  as  stated,  are  protected  above  by 
the  development  of  distinct  chitinous  plates,  the  lower  edges  of  which  are 
clearly  marked,  and  extend  downward  to  the  concealment,  on  a  side  view, 
of  the  lower  part  of  the  body.  The  abdomen,  however,  seems  to  have 
no  such  specialization  of  the  integument  of  the  upper  surface.  It  is  stout, 
apparently  well  rounded  transversely,  and  tapers  to  a  produced  but  blunt 
tip,  which  is  armed  with  a  pair  of  slightly  recurved  stout  claws,  two  oi- 


96 


TKKTIARY  INSKOTH  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


tlireo  times  u«  loiij^  as  the  le{j;-clii\VH,  arnuif^ed  as  if  to  drajr  tlio  lindy  bacik- 
ward.  Tlie  abdomen  is  faintly  divided  into  four  segments,  often  entirely 
obscured.  Of  these  the  terminal  Jisnally  appears  shorter  than  the  others, 
whieh  iu-e  subequal. 

These  divisions  of  the  body  are  all  that  appear  to  have  belonged  to  the 
animal;  ami  it  is  the  most  remarkable  fact  in  its  organization  that  it  cer- 
tainly had  no  distinct  chitinous  head.  This  is  the  more  siirprising  from  the 
clearness  with  which  the  thoracic  segments  are  marked.  All  that  one  can 
find  preserved  is  what  appears  to  be  a  ring  of  buccal  plates  terminating 
anteriorly  the  alimentary  canal,  and  which  was  evidently  capable  of  being 
thrust  forward  a  long  distance  beyond  the  body.  If  it  were  not  for  the 
unusual  preservation  of  the  alimentary  canal  we  should  be  forced  to  con- 
sider the  head  as  lost  from  all  the  specimens,  notwithstanding  the  nearly 
perfect  preservation  of  the  other  parts ;  but  in  several  specimens  the  ali- 
mentary tulte  can  be  traced  with  ease  half  tlhough  the  body,  terminating 
in  front  in  these  more  or  less  clearly  j)reserved  chitinous  i)lates,  arranged  to 
forma  circle  a  little  .suuiUer  than  the  coxal  cavities.  What  is  most  remark- 
able is  the  extension  of  this  alimentary  tube  and  accompanying  buccal  plates 
like  a  pi-oboscis  far  beyou''  the  limits  of  the  body;  sometimes  forward 
(apparently  through  the  anterior  notch)  to  a  distance  in  front  of  the  first 
segment  equal  to  half  the  length  of  the  latter;  more  often  directed  down- 
ward as  well  as  outward,  perhaps  between  the  front  legs,  and  occasionally 
extending  beyond  the  body  to  nearly  or  quite  the  entire  leiujth  of  the  same. 
It  seems  to  leave  its  direct  course  within  the  body  at  about  the  middle  of 
the  first  thoracic  segment,  directly  in  front  of  which  position  the  buccal 
plates  appear  in  one  or  two  specimens,  apparently  in  the  position  of  repose. 
The  various  positions  in  which  these  buccal  plates  are  found  outside  the 
body,  both  wluui  their  connection  with  the  tube  is  traceable  and  when  it  is 
obscure  or  fails,  shows  how  perfectly  nu)vable  a  proboscis  the  creature  pos- 
sessed. The  external  parts  of  the  head,  then,  may  be  said  to  have  been 
probably  composed  entirely  of  ii  flexible,  extensible  mend)rane  capable  of 
protrusion  as  a  fleshy  proboscis,  separated  by  no  line  of  demarkation  from 
the  first  thoracic  segment,  and  bearing  as  appendages  only  a  series  of  buccal 
plates  for  mouth-parts,  and  beyond  this  nothing — neither  cranium,  eyes, 
antennaj,  nor  palpi.  In  the  absence  of  eyes,  one  would  naturally  look  for 
the  development  of  tactile  organs  of  some  sort;  but  nothing  of  the  kind  is 


' 


\ 


i 


NKUHOI'TKUA-TIIYSAXlTRA-BATiLOaTOMA. 


97 


' 


\ 


discovoruble  on  the  most  Ciirtifiil  sptn-ijil  HOiirch,  unless  Huch  an  office  may 
be  pert'ornied  l)y  lonif  (hiliciito  hairs  which  seem,  in  some  few  instances,  to 
be  scattered  distiintly  over  the  projected  nioutii-tube. 

A  special  study  of  the  buccal  plates  in  the  twenty-four  or  twenty-five 
specimens  whi<;h  best  show  thcni  {^ives  no  very  satisfactory  explanation  of 
their  form  and  relations.     They  have  bcfsn  said  to  form  a  rin<j,  because  in  a 
considerable  ninnber  they  are  so  arraufjed  ;  but  it  may  be  doul)ted  whether 
this  appearance  is  iu)t  ilue  to  the  Hakinj^-  of  the  chitinous  parts.     Like  the 
lips  of  the  notches  of  tiie  (horacic  .se(,niients,  the  buccal  apparatus  was  evi- 
dently m(.i<i  dense  and  thicker  than  other  tegumentary  parts,  for  these  are 
darker  colored  tiian  the  other  parts  and  ofteTi  carbonaceous.     In  this  con- 
dition the  central  portions  seem  liable  to  flake  away  and  leave  the  thinner 
edges  with  ragged  fragments  of  the  carbonaceous  inner  jjortions  attacduul, 
thus  frequently  forming  a,  sort  of  irregular  ring  of  dark  chitine.     On  the 
other  hand,  it  is  just  as  counnon  for  fragments  to  become  chipptnl  out  from 
the  edges,  or  for  roumled  bits  to  fall  out  here  and  there,  producing  thereby 
an  ahnost  endless  variety  of  present  appearances.     Among  these  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  trace  the  clew  to  the  original  arrangement  and  form  of  the  plates. 
One  might  anticii)ate  that  these  would  have  occurred  around  the  central 
orifice  of  a  proboscis ;  and  if  anything  of  this  sort  was  present  it  would 
ap})ear  the  most  ])robable  (though  e.\trem(dy  doubtful)  that  there  were  four 
subtriangular  plates  of  pretty  large  size,  the  lateral  the  larger,  nearly  meet- 
ing by  their  tips  at  the  center.     From  specimens,  however,  which  are  least 
broken,  it  would  seem  quite  as  prol)able  that  the  apparatus  consisted  of  two 
attingent  or  overlapping  circular  plates,  placed  transversely,  densest  c(in- 
trally,  which  by  their  consolidation  form  an  oval  rounded  mass.     How 
such  a  pair  of  plates,  or  compound  plates,  could  have  subf,erved  any  pur- 
pose in  the  procuring  of  food  I  can  not  understand,  but  that  such  is  their 
not  nnfrequent  appearance,  especially  when  seen  through  and  protected  by 
the  thoracic  shield  of  the  first  segnu'ut,  is  nevertheless  the  fact.     It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  other  specimens  may  set  this  matter  at  rest.    Those  at  hand  allow 
no  more  definite  statement  than  has  been  made.     About  three-fourths  of 
the  specimens  of  this  species  show  the  buccal  plates  more  or  less  distinctly. 
In  all  but  three  they  lie  outside  the  body,  usually  at  a  distance  from  it  of 
about  half  the  length  of  the  first  thoracic  segment.     In  a  fourth  specimen 
they  lie  half  protruding  at  the  front  edge  of  the  body. 


VOL  XIII- 


98 


TEHTIAUY  INSKOTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


TlioHo  buccal  pliitos,  as  alroiidy  stiitod,  are  the  only  hard  partH  of  the 
head,  and  the  only  appondajft*^.  ludi'od,  ihe  only  claim  this  portion  of  the 
body  has  to  bo  callud  the  head  at  all  is  that  it  is  certaiidy  the  anterior  ex- 
tremity of  the  di^^estive  canal.  On  account  of  this  peculiarity  (»f  the  <tr<fani- 
zation  of  the  head,  the  creature,  which  is  certainly  widely  differi'ut  from 
anythiiij?  known,  may  be  called  I'lanocephalus  {TrXayda,),  KKpnXt)),  and  on 
account  of  its  onisciform  body,  I'lanocephalus  aselloides. 

The  hrst  impression  the  sij^ht  of  tliis  strunj^e  headless  creature  conveys 
is  tiiatof  an  isopod  crustacean.  Hut  the  limited  inimber  of  legs  at  one  puts 
its  reference  to  the  Crustacea  out  of  question,  since  no  abdominal  legs  at 
all  are  present.  Even  in  the  parasitic  Crustacea,  where  some  of  the  legs 
are  aborted,  the  same  is  the  case  with  the  segments  themselves  and  with  the 
joints  of  the  legs  wliich  remain.  The  clear  distinction  which  obtains  between 
the  thoracic  and  abdominal  region.s,  and  the  limitation  of  the  jointed  legs  to 
a  single  pair  on  eacii  thoracic  segment  seems  to  lead  (me  strongly  to  the 
conviction  that  these  important  elements  of  its  construction  place  it  among 
insects.  The  structure  of  the  legs  and  the  small  tapering  abdomen  furnished 
with  small  anal  appendages  tend  to  the  same  conclusion. 

Wliere  among  insects  it  should  be  placed  is  more  questionable.  Think- 
ing it  possibly  a  larval  form,  careful  .seai-ch  has  been  made  among  all  the 
groups  into  which  it  could  by  any  po.ssibility  be  presumed  to  fall,  viz,  among 
the  Neuroptera  and  Coleoptera,  but  nothing  in  the  slightest  degree  seeming 
to  be  related  to  it  could  be  found,  and  its  conspicuous  size  rendered  it  the 
less  probable  that  a  kindred  form  would  be  overlooked  On  account,  how- 
ever, of  its  apterous  character,  and  the  discovery  in  recent  years  of  certain 
curious  types  of  animals  (all  of  them,  however,  very  minute),  whose  affini- 
ties have  provoked  more  than  usual  discussion,  my  attention  was  early 
drawn  toward  certain  resemblances  which  Planocephalus  bears  to  the  Pau- 
ropida  among  Myriapods  and  to  the  Thysanura,  and  here,  if  anywhere,  its 
affinities  seem  likel}-  to  be  found. 

Its  passing  resemblance  to  the  obtec^ted  forms  of  Pauropoda  which 
Ryder  has  ))ublished  under  the  name  of  Eurypauropodida;  is  certainly  very 
considerable,  especially  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  yoiuig  of  Pauropoda 
bear  only  three  pairs  of  legs.  The  position  of  the  more  mobile  part  of  the 
head  of  Eurypauropus  beneath  the  cephalic  shield  is  the  same  that  the  head 
of  Planocephalus  bears  to  the  first  thoracic  shield  ;  and  the  mouth  parts  in 


i 


NKUUOl'TKRA— TIIY8ANURA— HALIiOSTOMA. 


99 


botha.a  confined  to  a  HOinowhat  Himilar  circular  aroa;  there  are  no  eyes  in 
either,  and  tho  lo<rH  terniinKto  in  .i  Hiiif^Uj  curved  chiw. 

On  the  other  hand,  not  only  are  antennii".  of  a  highly  organized  character 
developed  in  I'auropoda,  hut  the  upper  portion  of  the  head  carries  a  cephalic 
shield  as  large  and  conspicuous  as  the  others;  two  pairs  of  l(!gs  are  de- 
veloped in  the  adult  on  every  or  nearly  every  segment  of  the  body,  and 
always  on  the  abdominal  to  the  same  extent  as  on  the  thoracic  segments,  no 
ab(h)men  being  distinct  from  a  thorax  as  in  IManocephalus,  but  all  the  joints 
of  tlie  body  entirely  similar ;  the  k-ga  of  the  I'auropoda  are  formed  on  the 
myriapodal  type,  consisting  of  cylindrical  undifferentiated  joints,  while  those 
of  Planocephalus  are  hexapodal  in  character,  having  a  clearly  defined  femur 
and  tibia,  and  a  two-jointed  tarsus  conspicuously  smaller  and  shorter  than 
the  preceding  joints,  of  different  form  and  j)pically  spined. 

The  closer,  therefore,  we  compare  these  two  types  the  less  important 
seem  the  points  of  resemblance  and  the  more  important  the  points  of  diverg- 
ence between  them  ;  for  in  the  clear  distinction  of  the  thorax  and  abdomen, 
the  absence  of  abdominal  legs,  and  the  structure  of  the  legs  themselves — 
fundamental  features  of  its  organization—  .?lanocej)halus  clearly  belongs  to 
the  true  hexapod  type  of  insects. 

Its  prol)able  reference  to  the  Thysanura  may  be  defended  on  both 
negative  and  positive  grounds.  There  is  no  other  group  of  hexapods  to 
which  it  could  be  considered  as  more  likely  to  belong,  and  there  are  some 
special  thysanuran  features  in  its  structure,  anomalous  as  it  is.  Since 
Packard  has  shown  the  reasonableness  of  placing  the  Symphyla  (=:Scolo- 
peadrella)  of  Ryder  in  the  Thysanura,  with  the  Collembola  and  Cinura  as 
coordinate  groups,  the  range  o;-  the  Thysanura  has  been  extended,  and  as 
a  group  of  equivalent  taxonomic  value  to  the  larger  divisions  of  winged 
insects  it  has  seemed  itself  to  gain  a  better  ratio  vivendi.  It  is  not  necessary, 
therefore,  in  considering  the  relations  of  Planocephalus  to  Thysanura  as  a 
v'hole,  to  limit  ourselves  to  points  of  comparison  which  it  may  have  to  one 
or  another  of  its  subordinate  groups,  but  consider  any  points  of  resemblance 
we  may  find  to  any  of  these  groups  indifferently.  The  thoracic  segments 
remind  us  not  a  little  of  some  Cinura,  while  the  abdomen  as  a  whole  recalls 
many  of  the  Collembola,  its  approximated  pair  of  specialized  anal  append- 
ages being  also  like  the  variously  developed  organs  of  all  Thysanura,  and 
unlike  anything  we  can  recall  in  any  myriapod.     The  legs,  in  the  develop- 


ms 


■■ 


100 


TEllTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


mont  of  tlio  basiil  joints  and  in  the  smaller  double-jointed  tarsus,  ure  closely 
related  to  thosij  of  .some  Cinura — builtr  indeed  upon  the  same  general  pattern, 
excepting  that  in  Plauocephalus  they  are  specisHy  developed  for  swiunning. 
In  the  ciaw  of  our  fossil  genus  we  have  sonjething  decidedly  thysanuriform. 
Wo  Ii!:\(;  heretofore  spoken  of  the  two  tarsal  joints  as  each  a.rnied  apically 
with  an  interior  spine,  but  that  of  the  final  joint  arises  from  the  base  of  tiie 
curving  claw,  and  takes  on  more  or  less  its  direction,  though  only  half  as' 
long  as  it,  cau^^ing  ii  to  resemble  very  closely  the  smallei  dig't  of  the  daw 
of  both  C*ollenibola  and  Cinura,  which  is  always  inferior  to  the  larirer.  and 
not  infrecpieiitly,  as  in  Jicpidocyrtus,  etc.,  straight  instead  of  curved 

Of  course,  the  rudimentary  character  of  the  h6ad  and  the  entire  obliter- 
ation of  the  cephalic  plates  rend(!r  our  fossil  very  distinct  from  any  known 
type  of  Thysanura.  Hut  these  features  separate  if  (juita  as  widely  from  an}- 
other  group  that  may  ha  suggested  for  it,  and,  taking  into  account  the  con- 
siderable development  of  the  tl;ora''ic  portions,  we  nuist  look  upon  Plauo- 
cephalus as  in  some  sense  a  lowly  form,  descended  from  a  tvpe  in  which 
the  head  was  developed  at  least  to  some  extent,  and  this  renders  it  moie 
probable  that  we  have  h.ere  found  its  proj)er  place.  Moreover  when  we  ex- 
amine the  mouth-pai'ts  of  Fodnra,  we  find  them  partially  withdrawn  within 
the  head,  reduced  in  external  presentation  to  a  small  circle  at  the  end  of  a 
conical  protrusion  of  'A\o,  under  suie  of  the  head.  1'ake  away  the  cephalic 
plates,  withdraw  the  mouth-parts  to  the  same  protection  of  the  first  thoracic 
segment  which  they  now  enjoy  under  the  cephalic  dome,  imagine  fur- 
ther that  the  mouth-parts  could  be  protruded  to  their  original  position  when 
covered  by  a  cephalic  shield,  and  we  have  about  the  same  condition  of 
things  we  find  in  Plauocephalus;  indeed  the  extensibility  of  the  mouth- 
parts  be}'ond  the  thoracic  shield  seems  (piite  what  one  mighi  expect  after 
the  loss  of  the  hard  parts  of  the  head  ;  and  the  mouth-parts  of  Planocepha- 
lus  bear  much  the  same  relative  position  to  the  first  thoracic  shield  which 
cnose  of  Podnra  bear  to  the  cephalic  shield. 

Assuming,  then,  that  Plauocephalus  is  a  true  hexa[)od,  its  general  rela- 
tions are  certaiidy  with  the  Thysanura  rather  than  with  any  other  group; 
while  tiie  character  of  the  legs,  the  half  developed  double  claw,  and  the 
anal  a[)pendage8  specialized  to  peculiar  use  are  chu.'acters  which  are  posi- 
tively thysamu-an.  Add  to  this  that  wv  find  in  Poduia  something  in  u 
remote  degree  analogous  to  the  cxtraoi'diuary  mouth-parts  of  Plauocephalus, 


•' 


■■ 


NKUROPTKHA— THYSANUHA— I'.Ai-LOSTOMA. 


101 


t 


which  \VG -81(0111(1  in  vain  seek  elsewhoro,  and  tho  jji-ohability  that  wo.  liiul 
here  ita  nearest  allies  is  rendered  very  strong;-,  and  the  more  so  tVom  the 
diversity  of  form  and  type  in  this  j^roup  since  the  addition  to  it  of  Scolo- 
pendrella.  The  discovery  of  a  collophore  or  something  homologous  to  it 
would,  we  conceive,  be  decisive  on  tiie  point;  but  the  lateral  preservation 
of  nearly  all  the  specimens  v»f  this  fossil,  and  the  obscurity  of  the  base  of 
the  abdomen  in  nearly  ail,  not  only  forbid  its  determination  in  those  yet 
found,  but  reiuler  it  dou*)tful  if  it  will  ever  be  discover  d. 

Tlie  portition  of  this  group  among  the  Thysanura  nuistbe  an  independ- 
ent one  between  the  Cinura  and  tho  Sympiiyla  and  of  an  equivalent  value 
to  them.  For  such  a  grou})  the  name  of  Ballostoma  is  proposed,  in  reference 
to  the  remarkable  jjower  possessed  of  thrusting  forward  the  gullet  and  mouth- 
parts.  It  would  be  characterized  by  tho  peculiarity  named,  by  the  lack  of 
any  chitinous  frame-work  of  the  head,  the  ecpial  deveiopnumt  of  three 
thoracic  segments  developed  dorsally  as  shields,  and  all  separated  from  a 
cylindrical  abdomen,  which  is  armed  at  tip  with  a  pair  of  hooks  for  crawl- 
ing ;  legs  largely  developed  and  with  expanded  and  flattened  f((mora  and 
tibia;,  the  tarsi  two-jointed.  The  principal  points  toward  which  attention 
should  be  directed  for  the  more  perfect  elucidation  of  its  structure  are  the 
buccal  plates  and  a  possible  collophore. 

Bertkau  compares  Planocephalus  with  an  insect  from  the  ])rown  coal 
of  Rott,  Rhenish  Prussia,  described  by  Heyden  as  a  mite  under  the  nam** 
Lnnnochares  antiquus.  This  Bertkau  regards  as  a  larval  Galgulid,  one  of 
the  Hemiptera,  and  he  believes  Planocephalus  something  similar ;  but  lie 
does  not  seem  to  me  to  justify  this  latter  view,  and  the  abundance  of  Pla- 
nocephalus with  the  absencu  of  mature  Galgulidic  at  Florissant  seem  an 
cbstacle  not  easily  thrown  aside. 

Ordinary  length  when  extended,  7-8""" ;  breadth,  2.5-3"'"' ;  diameter, 
of  month-parts,  0.5""". 

Florissant.  Sixty -six  specimens,  of  which  the  best  are  Nos.  .'502,  574, 
3508,  5229,  G933,  7907,  9782,  9896,  10551,  12807. 


102 


xERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  FORTH  AMERICA. 


111. 


Suborder  CINURA  Packard. 

Family  LEPISMATID^E  Burmeistei'. 

This  group  '  as  heretofore  been  found  fossil  only  in  amber,  where 
eighteen  spec-^s  of  six  or  seven  genera  are  known ;  but  a  single  species  has 
been  found  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  Colorado. 

LEPISMA  Linnd       * 

The  species  provisionally  placed  here  seems  to  differ  decidedly  f  om 
known  types  in  the  structural  character ^  of  the  legs,  but  the  single  speci- 
men preserved  being  very  imperfect,  it  is  not  at  present  generically  distin- 
guished. In  the  equality  of  the  caudal  setae  it  is  nearest  Lepisma,  but  the 
legs  are  very  different.  The  femora  resemble  closely  the  broad  coxae  of 
some  species  of  Lepisma,  and  would  have  been  taken  as  coxae  but  for  the 
slender,  elongated  joint  which  follows ;  one  of  the  legs,  too,  more  perfectly 
preserved  than  the  others,  shows  the  short  tarsus  following  the  tibiae,  and 
leases  no  room  for  doubt  that  the  broadly  expanded  ovate  disks  on  either 
aide  of  the  body  represent  the  femora,  to  which  succeed  a  slender,  rod-like 
tibia  of  equal  length  and  of  uniform  slenderness.  The  abdomen  consists  of 
ten  joints,  tapering  very  gently,  but  at  the  extremity  more  rapidly. 

Two  amber  species  were  referred  to  this  genus  by  Koch  and  Berendt, 
one  of  which  was  thought  to  be  almost  identical  with  Lepisma  saccharina, 
but  Menge  pointed  out  that,  notwithstanding  the  resemblance  between  the 
two,  they  differ  at  almost  every  point.     The  group  is  cosmopolitan. 

Lepisma  platymera. 
PI.  12,  Fig.  18. 

A  single  specimen  in  -.tfhich  the  head,  if  preserved,  is  separated  from 
the  bod}',  and  the  greater  part  of  the  thorax  is  lost,  but  the  whole  of  the 
abdomen  with  the  caudal  setaj,  some  of  the  lateral  bristles,  and  most  of  the 
legs  are  fairly  preserved ;  the  latter  do  not  appear  in  the  figure.  The 
abdomen  is  slender  and  only  slightly  tapering,  excepting  on  the  last  three 
segments,  which  n&rrow  more  rapidly,  so  that  the  tip  of  the  f.bdomen  is 
about  half  as  broad  as  its  base.  The  legs  are  very  remarkable  for  the  size 
and  great  expansion  of  the  femora  and  the  contrasted  linear  tibiae;  the 


NEUROPTERA— TERM  ITIN  A. 


103 


femora  ai'e  ovate  flattened  disks,  distally  subacuminate,  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  as  long  as  (fore  and  middle  femora),  or  even  longer  than 
(hind  femora),  the  width  of  the  base  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  tibia?  are  as  long 
as  the  femora  and  scarcely  stouter  than  the  caudal  seta;,  while  the  tarsi  are 
scarcely  if  any  slenderer  than  the  tibiaj  and  less  than  half  their  length ;  a 
few  lateral  bristles  nearly  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen  can  be  seen, 
indicating  that  one  such  projected  from  either  side  of  each  abdominal  seg- 
ment, that  borne  by  the  last  segment  being  somewhat  longer  than  the 
others.  The  caudal  seta;  are  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  central  slightly 
longer  than  tiie  lateral  which  divaricate  gently,  and  are  nearly  if  not  quite 
as  long  as  the  body.  Nothing  can  be  made  of  the  detaclied  head  extremity 
more  than  its  slenderness,  it  being  about  half  the  width  of  the  base  of  the 
abdomen.  Probably  the  body  was  fusiforni  in  outline,  slender,  tapering 
from  the  middle  of  the  thorax  more  rapidly  forward  tlian  backward.  The 
last  abdominal  segment  is  somewhat  abruptly  truncate. 

Length  of  abdomen,  5.5°"° ;  breadth  at  base,  2"™ ;  at  tip,  0.8'"°' ;  proba- 
ble length  of  fore  and  middle  femora,  2""" ;  their  breadth,  O.S"""' ;  probable 
length  of  hind  femora,  3"'";  their  breadth,  0.9"'"';  length  of  tibise,  1.75'"°'; 
of  tarsi,  0.75°'°'  (perhaps  incomplete) ;  length  of  outer  caudal  sets^,  S'"™ ; 
of  middle  caudal  seta,  8.5°"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1 693. 


Family  TERMITINA  Stephens. 

It  has  generally  been  supposed  that  the  white  ants  were  present  and 
tolerably  well  represented  in  paleozoic  rocks,  but  most  of  the  species  which 
have  been  referred  to  this  family  have  been  shown  by  recent  researches  to 
belong  to  the  Protophasmida,  and  the  others  to  various  neuropteroid  Pala;- 
odictyoptera.  At  least  half  a  docen  species  are  known  from  the  mesozoic 
rocks,  however,  most  of  them  coming  from  the  Lias  of  England,  Germany, 
and  Switzerland,  the  most  common  type  being  the  extinct  genus  Clathro- 
termes  Heer,  peculiar  for  its  iUnnerous,  transverse,  gently  oblique  cross- 
veins  in  the  costal  field  and  for  the  dark,  quadrate  spots  wiiich  usually  ac- 
company these  and  other  cross-veins.  If  we  are  to  follow  PI  Geinitz,  the 
species  must  have  been  exceedingly  variable.  Two  white  ants  also  occur 
in  the  oolite  of  Bavaria,  which  Hagen  refers  to  Termes  proper.     (1885.) 


104 


TERTIAllY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMliIKlCA. 


The  family  of  'renuitina  is  represented  in  the  Tertiaries  of  ?]ur()pe  by 
twenty -nine  nominal  species.  Hagen,  however,  asserts  that  several  of  those 
pnrportinji'  to  come  from  amber  are  in  reality  copal  species,  and  this,  with 
synonyms  and  sj)ecies  morely  nominal,  reduces  the  actual  luimber  to  sev- 
enteen. It  is  doubtful  if  one  of  these,  T.  peccauie  Massal,  is  a  Termes  at 
all,  and  if  it  is,  its  position  can  not  be  furiher  defined  The  number  may 
therefore  be  considered  sixteen;  besides  this,  a  species  has  been  indicated 
without  name  from  the  En":lish  Tei'tiaries. 

Of  these  sixteen,  six  come  from  amber,  belonging'  to  three  genera 
(Calotermes  two  species,  'lerniopsis  three,  and  'I'ermes  one);  six  from 
Kadoboj,  also  of  three  genera  (Hodotermes  two  species,  Termes  two,  and 
Eutermes  two);  and  three  from  Oeningen,  of  two  genera  (Hodotermes  two 
species,  Termes  one — the  same  as  found  at  Radoboj).  Besides  these  there 
is  a  Calotermes  from  Rott,  and  a  Hodotermes  from  Schossnitz 

The  section  comprising  the  genera  having  a  branched  scapular  vein  is 
therefore  represented  by  eleven  species  (Calotermes  three,  Termopsis 
three — from  amber  only,  Hodotermes  live),  while  the  section  with  simple 
scapular  has  only  five  species  (Termes  three,  Eutermes  two).  The  nominal 
and  doubtful  si)ecies  (and,  it  might  be  added,  most  of  the  synonyms)  fall 
into  the  latter  section,  and  should  doubtless  increase  it  somewhat.  As  it 
stands  the  first  section  has  two-thirds  of  the  fossil  species. 

Thirteen  of  these  sixteen  species  are  entered  in  Hagen's  Monographie 
der  Termiten;  the  others  have  siiice  been  published;  and  it  is  noteworthy 
that  of  the  eighty-four  uioderu  species  contained  in  this  monograph  fifty- 
five,  or  nearly  two-thirds,  belong  to  the  second  section;  in  other  words, 
only  31  per  cent  of  the  Tertiary,  but  65  per  cent  of  the  recent  species,  be- 
long to  the  second  section. 

I'he  additions  to  the  Tertiary  Termite-fauna  here  made  are  in  entire 
keeping  with  these  st;itistics;  six  species  are  described,  of  which  four  be- 
long to  the  first,  and  two  to  the  second,  section,  raising  the  number  of  Ter- 
tiary species  to  twenty-two,  or  about  one-fourth  the  number  of  recent 
species. 

Of  these  six  species,  three  belong  to  a  new  extinct  genus,  apparently 
peculiar  to  America,  but  possibly  including  some  of  the  species  from  the 
European  Tertiaries;  another  is  referred  doubtfully,  from  want  of  suificient 
data,  to  Hodotermes,  which  has  yielded  species  from  Radoboj,  Oeningen, 


NEUKOl'TKltA— TEKMITINA. 


105 


and  Schossnitz,  as  well  as  among  modern  types;  while  the  other  two  prob- 
ably fall  into  Eutermes,  and  are  allied  to,  but  considerably  smaller  than, 
the  species  from  Radoboj  placed  with  many  modern  types  in  the  same 
genus.  They  are  perhaps  more  nearly  allied  to,  as  they  certainly  agree 
better  in  size  with,  the  two  species  of'Termes  found  living  in  the  neighbor- 
ing valley  of  the  Fontaine  qiii  Bouille.  Calotermes,  which  has  furnished 
species  from  amber  and  the  Rhenish  basin,  Termopsis,  which  has  more  fos- 
sil (amber)  species  than  recent,  and  Termes  proper,  whicli  's  represented  at 
Oeningen  and  Radoboj  and  in  amber  and  the  Rhenish  basin,  all  seem  to  be 
wanting  in  the  American  Tertiaries.  The  composition  of  the  white-ant  fauna 
of  the  ancient  F'lorissant,  to  which  locality  the  known  American  fossils  are 
confined,  differs  considerably  from  that  of  the  localities  known  in  the  Kn- 
ropean  Tertiaries,  but  resembles  that  of  Radoboj  more  closely  than  it  does 
any  other,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  table  of  representation: 

FirBi  division. 


Florissant. 

Radoboj. 

Pivrotermes  insignia. 

PaiotcTines  liagonii. 

Paroternips  fodinie. 

Horiotf  rmes  f  coloradensis. 

Hodotcrmi'N  liaidinKeri. 

I (odoteriiiOH  iiroceiiiH. 

Second  diinaion. 


Eutermes  fnssariim. 
Euternies  lueadii.     . 

Termes  juistinuH. 
Enteniies  obscuriis. 
Euterinus  croaticus. 

Out  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-three  specimens  of  amber  white  ants  ex- 
amined by  Hagen  only  a  single  larva,  and  no  soldier,  was  found ;  all  other 
fossil  individuals  have  also  been  winged  specimens;  but  it  is  worthy  of 
special  /eniark  that  in  the  collection  of  twenty-six  individuals  from  Floris- 
sant one  is  a  larva.  The  scarcity  of  such  forms,  whether  in  amber  or 
lacustrine  deposits,  is  easily  explained  by  the  habit  of  life  of  these  creatures. 

The  very  presence  of  so  considerable  a  number  of  Termitina  (twenty- 
six  specimens,  six  species')  in  the  Florissant  beds  is  indicative  of  a  much 

'  According  to  ?Iagen  (Linn.  Eut.,  vol.  la,  p.  244)  no  locality  in  the  world  has  yielded  more  than 
nine  species  of  livinj;  types;  they  so  rarely  niimlior  more  .than  four,  that  he  ha<l  formerly  indicated 
this  as  the  limit,  so  far  as  knowu. 


i  i 


106  TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

warmer  climate  formerly  than  the  locality  now  enjoys.  Only  three  species 
of  white  ants,  and  of  these  only  one  belonging  to  the  section  with  branched 
scapular  vein,  have  been  recorded  from  the  United  States  north  of  the  Gulf 
margin,  excepting  on  the  Pacific  coast,  where  one  or  two  more  extend  as 
far  north  as  San  Francisco.  Yet  seventeen  species  in  ivil  are  recorded  from 
North  America  by  Hagen  in  1861,  and  some  have  since  been  added  to  the 
list;  while  his  South  American  list  (nearly  all  from  Brazil)  includes  thirty- 
one  species,  of  which  five  are  repeated  from  the  North  American  list.  Flor- 
issant is  situated  in  39°  north  latitude,  and  Hagen  says  that  the  fiimily 
only  rai'ely  {wenig),  and  that  only  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  extends  be- 
yond the  fortieth  degree  of  latitude.  One  species  occurs  as  far  north  as 
Manitoba.     (September,  1881.) 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Termitina. 
Scapular  vein  branched. 

Submarp^inal  vein  present 1.  ParoUrmes. 

Snbmarginal  vein  absent 3.  Hodotirmei. 

Scapular  vein  nobranched 3.  Entermea. 

1.  PAROTERMES  Scudder. 


m 


Parotermea  Scndd.,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sci.,  XIX,  135  (1883). 

Head  rather  large,  short-oval  in  form,  almost  as  broad  anteriorly  as 
po.steriorly,  well  rounded  behind ;  eyes  small,  ocelli  wanting ;  antenna; 
longer  than  the  head,  but  shorter  than  the  head  and  prothorax,  slender,  per- 
haps slightly  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  either  end,  composed  of  about 
twenty  equal  joints,  shorter  than  broad.  Prothorax  from  a  half  to  a  third 
as  long  as  the  head,  narrower  than  or  only  as  broad  as  it,  broader  in  front 
than  behind,  subquadrate,  with  the  hinder  angles  rounded  off.  Wings 
.slender  and  straight,  subequal,  less  than  half  as  long  again  a?  the  body,  four 
times  as  long  as  broad ;  basal  scale  obscure  in  most  specimens  examined, 
moderately  large,  as  long  as  the  prothorax,  its  costal  margin  convex ;  costal 
margin  of  wing  straight  nearly  to  the  tip,  which  tapers  to  a  well-rounded 
point ;  marginal  and  mediastinal  veins  both  present,  the  latter  distinct  and 
reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  (sometimes  only  to  the  end  of  the  basal  third) 
of  the  costal  border ;  scapular  vein  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin  to 
the  tip  of  the  wing  and  emitting  from  five  to  seven  very  oblique  gently 
curving  superior  branches  at  pretty  regular  intervals,  the  second  arising 
before  the  middle  of  the  vein;,  it  also  emits  a  couple  of  inferior  branches 


I 


<w» 


NKUKOl'TKUA— TKKMITINA. 


107 


I 


from  opposite  the  base  of  two  of  the  later  branches  wliich  strike  the  apex 
of  the  wing,  diverging  from  the  main  vein  no  more  than  the  superior 
branches.  Externomedian  vein  also  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin 
throughout  the  gr  uiter  part  of  the  wing,  and  not  so  far  removed  from  the 
scapular  as  the  latter  is  from  the  costal  margin  ;  it  has  four  or  five  simple  or 
forked  branches,  mostly  arising  in  the  basal  third  of  the  wing,  arul  with  these 
b:j,nches  takes  a  remarkably  longitudinal  course  obliquely  toward  the  hind 
margin  and  parallel  to  the  inferior  apical  branches  of  the  scapular  vein ;  it 
therefore  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  wing.  The  internomedian  vein  is 
reduced  to  a  very  contracted  area,  consisting  apparently  of  only  a  single 
forked  vein  or  two  in  the  narrowing  basal  part  of  the  wing.  The  feeble  char- 
acter of  the  externomedian  and  internomedian  veins,  as  well  as  of  the  inferior 
branches  of  the  scapular  vein,  prevents  their  preservation  on  most  of  the 
fossils,  an  't  is  only  in  a  few  specimens  that  the  whole  or  nearly  the  whole 
can  be  made  out.  There  is  apparently  no  net-work  or  reticulation  anywhere 
on  the  membrane  of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  is  large  and  ovate,  generally 
broader  than  the  rest  of  the  body. 

This  genus,  which  is  most  nearly  allied  to  Termopsis  and  Calotermes, 
differs  from  each  of  them  in  points  wherein  they  differ  from  each  other,  and 
has  some  peculiarities  of  its  own.  It  diflers  from  Calotermes  in  its  shorter 
wings  (relative  to  the  length  of  the  body),  which  lack  any  fine  reticulation, 
and  in  its  want  of  ocelli.  From  Termopsis  it  differs  in  its  slenderer  but  yet 
shorter  wings,  without  reticulation,  its  uniform  scapular  vein  running  par- 
allel to  the  costa  throughout  and  provided  with  fewer  and  straight  branches. 
From  both  it  differs  in  the  presence  of  distinct  inferior  branches  to  the 
scapular  vein,  but  especially  in  the  slight  development  of  the  internomedian 
vein,  the  excessive  area  of  the  externomedian  vein,  and  the  course  of  the  lat- 
ter, which  is  approximated  much  more  closely  than  usual  to  the  scapular 
vein  and  emits  branches  having  an  unusually  longitudinal  course.  These 
last  peculiarities  also  separate  this  genus  still  more  widely  from  Hodoteiines, 
with  which  it  agrees  pretty  closely  in  many  points,  and  in  which  Hagen 
places  most  of  the  larger  Termitina  described  by  Heer  from  the  European 
Tertiaries,  although  they  do  not  appear  to  agree  with  the  characteristics  of 
the  genus  as  given  by  him,  and  certainly  approach  in  some  of  their  features 
the  peculiarities  of  the  present  genus.  It  is,  however,  impossible  from 
Heer's  figures  alone  to  judge  whether  they  are  really  more  closely  allied 


^ 


108 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OE  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 


to  Hodotermes  or  ParotenueH;  a  nearor  oxatiiinatioii  of  the  types  them- 
selves would  perliaps  (Uicide;  but  at  present  Parotermes  must  be  con- 
sidered peculiai"  to  the  An'erican  Tertlaries. 

The  species  are  all  o  pretty  largo  size.  Tlu^y  may  be  separated  an 
follows : 

0 

Tabic  of  the  upveiin  of  I'lirnlirmit. 

Aliiluiiiuii  coiiHidernbly  lirnaiter  than  tlin  tliorux. 

Wings  iiiodHccd  lit  tho  apex;  Ntil)iui»r)?iiwil  visiii  hIidiI  ;  ^)l■llIl«llo^' of  tlio  cxterMoiiiediaii  vein  and 

inroni)i'l(iinicli«»  olHcapular  morn  oldiqiio  than  tlioHn|ii'ri<ir  Hoapn  la  r  liranchiw 1.  /'.  iiimgnh. 

WinjfH  roniwlcd  at  llio  aprx  ;  Hnliinardinal  vt^n  U)nt;;   liianchiw  nf  \\\v  Hiiliniodian  vein  and  iiilci- 

ior  branches  of  tli«  Hcannlar  as  lon^ilndinal  as  thoHiiperinr  Nvapnhir  l)i'aiichaH 2.  /'.  haiieiiii. 

Abdomen  no  broader  than  thorax li.  I',  fodiiiw. 

1.    PaKOTERMES     INSIONI8. 
PI.  12,  Figs.  13,  14. 

Parotermes  insignia  Sciidd.,  Proc,  Anier.  Acad.  Arte  and  Sci.,  XIX,  137-139  (1843);  in  Zittel,  Handb. 

Pala'ont.,  I,  ii,  773,  V)'^  974  (1885). 

Head  broad  oval,  of  pretty  regular  sJiajje,  but  broadest  in  the  middle 
of  the  hinder  half,  the  front  and  liind  border  broadly  rounded ;  there  is  a 
slight  median  longitudinal  suture  in  the  posterior  half  of  the  head.  Eyes 
one-fifth  the  diameter  of  th  head,  situated  witli  the  *"ront  margin  slightly 
more  distant  from  the  front  than  from  the  hind  border  of  the  head  and  the 
outer  margin  just  within  or  at  the  lateral  margin  of  the  head ;  they  do  not 
appear  to  project  strongl}'  above  the  surface.  A;itetmie  scarcely  so  long  as 
the  head  and  prothorax  together,  composed  of  about  twent}'  to  twenty-two 
joints,  the  basal  joints  twice  as  broad  as  the  stenni,  the  others  broader  than 
long  and  equal  throughout,  not  enlarged  toward  the  middle  of  the  anternia?. 
Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  as  broad  as  the  head,  the  front 
margin  nearly  straight  with  slightly  rounded  corners,  the  hind  border  and 
sides  forming  one  nearly  uniform,  broad,  semicircular  curve ;  its:  surface  ap- 
pears to  be  flat,  or  at  least  there  is  no  median  impressed  line.  Mesonotum 
a  fourth  broader  than  long,  with  a  distinct  median  impressed  line,  at  least  in 
the  front  half,  subquadrate  in  shape,  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the  front  half, 
and  tapering  slightly  and  regularly  behind,  the  front  margin  broadly  rounded 
to  the  shoulder  of  the  wing.  Metanotuni  about  as  long  as  the  mesonotum 
and  of  a  similar  shape,  but  tapering  more  rapidly  behind,  and  likewise  with 
a  median  impressed  line  more  distinct  anteriorly.  Abdomen  obovate,  broad, 
and  about  equally  rounded  at  either  end,  ia  the  middle  nearly  half  as  broad 


f 


NEUROPTKliA— TliliMlTINA. 


109 


f 


again  as  any  other  part  of  the  l)0(ly,  in  length  just  about  equaling  the  en- 
tire thorax.  Abdoininiil  -pporKliiges  obscurely  seen  in  a  single  individual, 
where  they  are  tolerably  stout,  tapering  slightly,  very  bluntly  terminated, 
and  about  as  long  as  the  last  abdominal  segment.  Legs  ver}'  short,  the 
tibiae  being  shorter  than  the  width  of  the  thorax,  and  armc^d  at  tip  with  a 
pair  of  short  straight  spurs :  tarsi  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  tibia?, 
but  the  separate  joints  are  not  determinable  on  any  of  the  specimens. 

Wings  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  reaching 
the  ond  of  the  abdomen,  long  ;.  .rl  very  regularly  obovate,  the  only  differ- 
ence in  the  form  of  the  two  extremities  being  in  the  gentler  tapering  of  the 
base  aTid  the  straighter  course  of  the  costal  margin  next  the  base.  The 
basal  scale  is  triangular,  about  as  long  as  the  mesonotum,  its  costal  and 
outer  margins  each  a  very  little  convex.  The  si^apular  vein,  its  superior 
l)raiu',hes,  and  the  mediastinal  are  stout,  while  the  other  veins  are  very 
feeble  and  only  appear  under  favorable  preservation.  The  submarginal 
vein*  is  crowded  against  the  margin,  but  does  not  run  fairly  into  it  before 
the  end  of  the  basal  fifth  of  the  wing.  The  nu'diastinal  vein  terminates  a 
shorf  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Tlie  scapular  vein  runs  at 
only  a  short  distance  from  and  parallel  to  the  margin,  and  (Miiits  from  five 
to  eight  superior  branches  running  in  an  extremely  longituditial  course  to 
the  costa;  usually  the  first  branch  is  thrown  off  almost  as  fiir  out  as  the 
middle  of  the  second  quarter  of  the  wing,  but  where  the  liranches  are 
nunKMOu.s  three  branches  are  thrown  off  before  the  middle  of  the  wing;  in 
addition  to  the  superior  veins  two  inferior  veins  are  emitted  in  the  apical 
third  of  the  wing,  and  strike  the  lower  margin  of  the  wing  just  below  the 
apex.  The  exte:  nomedian  vein  runs  subparallel  to,  but  a  little  divergent 
from,  the  scapular,  and  nearly  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from  the  costal  margin, 
emitting  four  inferior  simple  or  forked  branches  which  cover  the  greater 
part  of  the  hind  border  with  their  nervules ;  from  near  the  middle  of  the 
wing  a  superior  branch  is  also  emitted,  whicli  is  soon  lost.  The  interno- 
median  vein  is  forked,  and  strikes  the  margin  near  the  middle  of  the  basal 
half. 

Although  in  the  number  of  branches  to  the  scapular  vein  the  speci- 
men showing  the  wings  most  clearly  (No.  7752)  differs  considerably  from 

'  What  I  lieri>  call  the  submarginal  vein  is  tho  short  airnplo  vuin,  sometimes  present  in,  at  other 
times  absent  from,  Termitina,  which  precedes  the  mediastinal  vein.  Hagen  calls  it  the  first  branch  of 
bis  sabcoBta. 


no 


TKUriAIlY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMElllCA. 


the  others,  the  vein  coimiioncing  to  brancli  at  a  coiiHidenibly  earlier  point, 
all  the  spociinuiis  iX'^ww  ho  well  in  every  other  partiiMilur  that  these  wonld 
appear  to  be  ir'lividual  variations.  It  is  the  larj^cst  specieH  of  the  genus. 
Length  of  body,  11.5""";  breadth  of  tiiorax,  2.5""";  of  abdomen,  ;{.3"'"'; 
length  of  antennas  4.25""";  of  front  wing,  i;?.3""";  breadth  of  same,  3.35"'™ ; 
length  of  middle  tibia,  2"'"';  of  tarsi,  1.25"'™;  of  abdominal  appendages, 
0  ()5""". 

B'lorissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  400,  7752,  9041,  14400. 


2.  Pakotuhmes  uaqenii. 
PI.  12,  Fig.  2. 

I'arolermei  hageuii  8cudd.,  I'rou.  Amor.  Acad.  Arta  and  8ci.,  XIX,  13U-140  (ld83). 

Head  roundish  obovate,  very  regularly  rounded,  scarcely  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  broadest  at  the  eyes,  which  are  scarcely  behind  the  middle, 
and  are  deeply  set,  their  outer  border  projecting  but  little  beyond  the  con- 
tour of  the  head.  Antennic  nearly  as  long  as  head  and  pronotum  taken 
together,  composed  of  about  twenty-six  joints,  subequal  beyond  the  base, 
a  little  tapering  at  the  tip.  Pronotum  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
fully  as  broad  as  the  head,  the  front  margin  slightly  concave,  the  hind 
border  and  sides  forming  a  regular  broad  curve.  Mesonotum  and  metano- 
tum  shaped  exactly  as  in  P.  insignis,  and  with  a  similar  imj)ressed  line. 
Abdomen  obovate,  but  with  more  parallel  sides  than  in  P.  insignis,  being 
only  a  little  broader  than  the  thorax,  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the 
body,  including  the  head.  Abdominal  appendages  tolerably  slender,  e(jnal, 
bluntly  pointed,  composed  of  five  or  six  joints,  the  last  of  which  appears 
to  be  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  the  others,  which  are  equal ;  the  whole 
is  about  half  as  long  as  the  pronotum.  Legs  short,  but  longer  than  in  P. 
insignis,  the  tibiix;  being  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  thorax,  but  they 
are  imperfectly  preserved  on  all  the  specimens. 

Wings  a  little  more  than  four  times  longer  than  broad,  the  middle  of 
the  front  pair  scarcely  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  broadest  in 
the  middle,  tapering  almost  as  much  apically  as  basally,  the  tip  roundly 
pointed,  the  costal  margin  pretty  straight  until  shortly  before  the  tip,  the 
lower  margin  broadly  curved.  The  basal  scale  is  of  the  same  shape  and 
size  as  in  P.  insignis,  but  with  a  stronger  costal  curve.  The  scapular  vein 
and  its  superior  branches  ax'e  stout,  its  inferior  branches  and  the  veins  below 


NEUHOPTKKA— TEBMITINA. 


Ill 


foeble,  HO  m  only  to  appear  under  favorable  circumstances,  heinjf  visible 
in  only  half  c  '  the  specimens  before  me.  The  Hubmarjfinal  vein  of  the 
front  will',''  terminates  at  about  tiie  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing, 
and  about  opposite  the  oriyin  of  the  first  superior  scapular  branch.  Tin; 
mediastinal  vein  extends  about  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  both  in  the  front 
and  hind  wings.  The  scapular  vein  is  related  to  the  margin  ex-ctly  as  in 
P.  insignis,  and  has  five  or  six  superior  branches  on  the  hind  wing,  six  or 
seven  on  the  front  wing;  on  the  front  wing  they  originate  at  subecpuil  dis- 
tances apart,  commencing  usually  at  about  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of 
the  wing,  but  when  there  are  but  six  branches  (which  appears  to  bo  less 
conunonly  the  case)  the  first  originates  at  a  greater  distance  from  the  base; 
on  the  hind  wing  tiiere  is  greater  irregularity ;  in  one  specimen,  that  fig- 
ured (No.  S616),  there  are  five  branches  on  the  left  hind  winif,  the  first  ori<'- 
inating  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  while  on  the  right  wing  there  is  an 
additional  vein,  originating  far  before  the  second,  at  the  middle  of  the  basal 
half  of  the  wing;  in  another  specimen  with  only  five  veins  (No.  8250)  the 
basal  branch  originates  somewhat  beyond  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of 
the  wing,  and  the  others  follow  at  subequal  intervals ;  besides  these  superior 
there  iire  two  inferior  nervules  arising,  the  first  at  the  end  of  the  middle 
third  of  the  wing,  opposite  a  superior  branch,  and  the  second  opposite  the 
succeeding  branch;  sometimes  a  third  vein  appears  beyond  these;  after 
parting  from  the  scapular  vein  these  take  a  longitudinal  course  and  termi- 
nate at  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  externomedian  vein  runs  subparallel  to 
the  scapular,  diverging  slightly  from  it  and  being  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from 
the  costal  margin ;  it  emits  two  or  three  inferior  branches,  the  last  scarcely 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  basal  ones  of  which  appear  to  be 
forked,  but  all  having  an  unusually  longitudinal  course,  being  only  slightly 
deflected  towards  the  lower  margin.  Nothing  can  be  said  of  the  interno- 
median  vein. 

This  species  differs  from  P.  insignis  by  its  more  laterally  disposed  eyes, 
rounder  head,  differently  sha})ed  wings,  more  longitudinally  disposed 
branches  of  the  externomedian  vein,  and  longer  and  narrower  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  10.5-12,  av.  11"'" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.1""";  of  abdo- 
men, 2.6'"'";  length  of  antennte,  4""»;  of  front  wing,  13.5-15.5,  av.  W"""; 
breadth  o^  same,  3.35'"'" ;  length  of  middle  tibia,  1.65'"'" ;  of  abdominal 
appendages,  0.65°"°. 


I  I 


112  TKirriAUY  iNHKcrrs  or  Nourri  amkimoa. 

NniiK'd  lor   Dr.   11.  A.  IIti<re)i,  tlio  diHtiiij^iiislioil  iU()iit)^ni[>lior  of  tlio 


Tennitiiiii.  lis  iii!>'  and  ioHsil. 


Klonssiiiit  Seven  ripecimoriH,  Noh.  4f)29,  4052,  5224,  ()()30,  H2r)0,  8<)1»), 
141fi7. 

3.    pAK(»TKKMr,s    FOniNiE. 

I'l.  \'2,  FiftN. ;»,  22. 

Variilirmi « fitdina-  Hoiidil.,  I'roc.  Aiiht.  AcikI.  ArtHiinil  Sci.,  XIX,  141  (1S83). 

Hciid  ol)Ioii<>-  (>l)()Viit(',  lialt'iis  loiif^-  Mju^aiii  uh  brond,  tin*  cvch  Ifirj^c,  cir- 
ctdiir,  iilxmt  oik' lit'tli  tins  diiiuioter  of  \\w  liwid,  Hliglitly  projcctiiif.;"  beyond 
the  sides,  tlic  anterior  edfje  noai*  the  middle  of"  the  lu^ad.  I*ronotuni  truns- 
vei'sely  lunat<',  as  liroad  as  the  head,  less  than  twice  aw  lonji^  as  broad,  tlm 
front  marffin  ref^idarly  and  considerably  concave,  tlie  hind  niarfj-ins  and 
sides  fonninjj'  one  uniftn-ni  stroiif^ly  convex  curve,  the  anterior  lateral  anj^les 
rounded  off.  »\Iesonoturn  and  nietanotuni  obscurely  j)reserved,  but  appar- 
ently formed  nnicli  as  iir  the  other  species,  the  mesonotntn  beinj^  of  about 
tii(!same  width  as  the  pronotum.  Abdomen  rather  lon<j^  and  comparatively 
slender,  scarcely  if  at  all  exceiMlinjr  in  width  the  parts  in  front,  the  sides 
being  unusually  parallel,  the  tip  well  rounded,  the  whole  as  long  as  the 
rest  of  the  body.  Abdominal  a[)penda}>'es  very  small,  stout,  being  only  u 
little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  largest  in  the  middle,  iind  taj)ering 
either  way,  the  tip  blunt,  the  whole  not  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the 
eye.  Legs  pcMU-ly  and  partially  pn^served  in  a  single  specimen,  showing 
them  to  be  mn<di  as  in  I*,  hagenii,  the  hind  tibia  laMn"'  onlv  a  little  shorter 
than  the  width  of  the  mesothorax. 

Wings  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  reach- 
ing the  tip  of  the  abdomen ;  the  exact  form  can  not  be  made  out,  but  the 
costal  nni-  •in  is  straight  until  very  near  the  tip,  and  the  hind  border  appears 
to  be  UM  .a  and  to  make  the  wing  slightly  broadest  just  beyond  the  mid- 
dle. Tht  sulmarginal  vein  is  unusually  long,  running  into  the  costa  only 
a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  mediastinal  terminates  not  far 
beyond  the  middle  'V\n'.  scapular  vein  has  five  or  six  branches  in  the  front 
wing,  generally  live  in  the  hind  wing,  the  first  a[)pearing  always  to  origi- 
nate at  the  end  of  the  basal  third  of  the  wing.  The  inferior  nervules  of 
this  vein  and  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  veins  below  can  not  be 
determined  in  any  of  the  specimens,  but  there  are  faint  indications  of  their 


NEIJROPTERA-TKRMITINA. 


118 


proHoiico,  and  nothing  in  thorn  appears  to  diHtinfjruish  thin  HpecieB  by  any 
marked  i)ecunaritit'8  from  the  others  of  tlie  genus. 

This  speeies  differs  from  the  others  here  describ'.'d  in  its  considerably 
smaller  size,  slender  abdomen,  and  much  smaller  abdomirud  appendages. 

Length  of  body,  9"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2"'"' ;  length  of  front  wing, 
13°"";  breadth  of  same,  3.25""";  hmgth  of  himl  tibia,  'J"'"*;  of  abdominal 
appendages,  0.25'""'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  1247, 1253,  7608,  11190  and  14391. 

2.  HODOTERMES  Hagen 

Hagen  refers  to  this  genus  two  fossil  species  from  Oeningen  and  two 
from  Kadoboj.  Assmann  also  describes  a  species  from  Schossnitz,  and  one 
of  the  Florissant  white  ants  is  referred  hero  doubtfully.  Tha  fossil  there- 
fore nearly  ecjual  in  number  the  living  species,  which  are  all  inhabitants  of 
the  Old  World,  the  most  northern  8i)ecies  being  found  in  Egypt. 

HoDOTERMES  ?   C0L0RADENSI8. 

PI.  12,  Fig.  6. 

mdolermeal  coloradeniu  Scudd.,  Proc,  Ainor,  Acad.  Arts  and  Soi.,  XIX,  142-143  (1883). 

Metanotuni  considerably  narrower  than  the  mesonotum,  as  long  as 
broad,  tapering  posteriorly,  the  front  border  straight,  the  hind  border 
rounded.  Abdomen  ovate,  stout,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides 
full,  as  broad  as  the  mesothorax,  posterior  extremity  rounded.  Abdominal 
appendages  long  and  slender,  half  as  long  as  the  metanotum,  composed  of 
at  least  six  or  seven  joints,  slightly  tapering,  terminating  very  bluntly. 

Wings  very  long,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  lying  far  beyond  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen.  Submarginal  vein  absent  from  all  the  wings.  Mediasti- 
nal vein  terminating  at  the  middle  of  the  front  border.  Scapular  vein 
parallel  to  the  front  margin,  with  at  least  four  branches  in  both  wings,  and 
in  the  front  pair  pretty  certainly  five  branches,  and  perhaps  six ;  the  first 
branch  originates  in  the  front  wing  at  the  end  of  the  basal  fourth  of  the 
wing,  in  the  hind  wing  a  little  farther  out. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  other  fossil  Termitina 
of  North  America  by  its  very  great  size,  the  length  of  the  wings  being 
double  tjjat  of  any  other.     Although  the  specimen  is  very  imperfect,  the 

VOL  XIll 8 


: 


m 


I* 


114 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tip  and  lower  half  of  tlio  wings  being  absent,  as  woll  as  the  head,  prothorax, 
and  legs,  it  dilFcrs  so  ninch  from  the  species  of  Paroternies,  in  the  absence 
of  the  snbmarginal  vein  and  the  great  length  of  the  abdominal  appendages, 
th;it  it  probably  can  not  be  associated  with  them  generiealh'.  In  size  and 
general  ap|)t;arance  it  agrees  so  fairly  with  the  Toniary  species  described  by 
Ueer,  referred  to  IIodot«rmes  by  Ilagen,  that  1  place  the  species  provision- 
ally in  the  same  genus,  from  which  (as  from  all  other  genera  so  far  as  1 
know  in  which  the  strncture  of  the  wings  wonld  allow  it  to  be  placed),  it 
ditfers  by  the  great  length  of  its  anal  a;)pendages. 

Length  of  body  as  preserved,  9"""  (probably  it  reached  about  12) ;  of 
a'Hlomen,  G""" ;  breadth  of  same,  4.5""" ;  length  of  fore  wing,  23"""  or  more ; 
of  abdominal  appendages,  1.25""";  breadth  of  same,  0.3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No  GOIO. 

3.  EUTERMES  Ileer. 

The  remaining  species  fall  into  the  division  of  Termitina  in  which  the 
scapular  vein  is  unbranched,  and  it  is  uncertain  whether  they  should  fall  in 
Ternjcs  proj)er  or  in  Eutermes,  the  veins  below  the  scapular  being  in  all 
cases  poorly  preserved  or  wholly  obliterated.  The  limited  mimber  of  an- 
tennal  joints  in  such  as  have  those  preserved  sulHcieutly  for  examination, 
and  the  occasional  indication  of  a  broad  subscapular  field  in  others,  lead 
rather  to  the  })resumj)tion  that  they  should  be  placed  in  Eutermes.  Two 
species  have  been  found  at  Florissant.  The  genu.s  has  been  well  kimwn  in 
a  fossil  state,  four  species  having  been  described  from  Radoboj  in  Croatia 
and  five  f  "om  Prussian  amber.  Indeed,  the  genus  was  first  founded  U])on 
fossil  speces,  but  it  was  soon  seen  that  many  living  f(»rms  beKnnged  to  the 
same  grouj,.  The  existing  s{)ecies,  some  thirty  in  number,  belong  almost 
e.xclusively  to  the  tropics,  and  especiary  to  those  of  the  southern  hemi- 
sphere. 

The  two  species  of  Eutermes  which  have  been  found  at  Florissant 
may  be  separated  by  the  following  features : 

Table  of  the  npfciet  of  Kuter'nen. 

Ht>nil  liriimlvr  behiiul  tlinii  I  Tront,  Huuruely  ImlT  na  Iuiik  »){<•■■>  ■"*  brond ;  i)n>n(>tiiin  Beinioirotiliir,  the 
pimtiM'ior  curve  iiuil'oriii I.   K,  fottarun. 

lioail  nut  liroiMlcr  lit'liiiiil  tliitn  iii  front,  fnlly  linlf  as  Uing  agitin  iih  Iroail ;  iironotiini  very  Hliiiit,  th« 
hind  unkrgiu  nuiru  ur  lens  t^n^oat(^ 'i.  K.  meadii. 


■ 


NKUKOPTEKA— TBUMXTI NA. 


115 


1.  EUTGRMES   FOSSAKUM. 

PI.  12,  Fig.  20. 
Sutermet  /oiiarum  Soiidd.,  Proo.  Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  8oi.,  XIX,  I4H-U4  (188.1). 

Head  very  rejjulurly  obovato,  a  littio  broader  behind  vhaii  in  front, 
nearly  half  as  lon<,r  a«,'ain  as  broad,  its  posterior  border  well  ronnded.  Eyos 
rather  ^niall,  situated  in  the  middle  laterally,  projecting  but  littio.  Anten- 
n.«  scarcely  if  any  longer  than  the  head,  rather  stout,  enlarging  away  from 
the  base,  composed  apparently  of  less  than  fifteen  joints.  Pronotuni  as 
broad  as  the  head  and  twice  as  broad  as  long,  .enacircular,  the  front  border 
scarcely  coycavo,  the  front  margins  slightly  rounded.  Mesonotum  and 
metanotuin  as  broad  as  pronotum,  quadrate,  equal,  about  ha'f  as  broad 
again  as  long.  Abchnnen  somewhat  longer  than  the  rest  of  thu  body  and 
slightly  broader  than  the  thorax,  with  gently  rounded  sides  and  well- 
rounded  tip;  no  abdominal  appendages  are  discoverable  on  any  of  the 
specimens.  Legs  poorly  preserved  on  all  specimeno ;  apparently  they  are 
«»f  medium  length. 

Wings  rather  more  than  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the 
front  pair  not  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  very  uniform  ami  regular, 
of  nearly  equal  bre ulth  throughout  the  middle  two-thirds,  the  costal  nnu- 
gin  straight  until  just  before  the  tip.  Scapular  vein  parallel  to  the  margin, 
the  subcostal  area  infumated ;  veins  below  the  scapular  not  determinable. 
The  basal  scale  appears  to  be  small,  broad,  triangular,  its  costal  bordik- 
swollen. 

Length  of  body,  ii.5-7Iy,  av.  7,1.5""";  of  abdomen,  .'J..5-4..5,  av.  4.1.')'""'; 
breadth  of  pronotum,  1.2""";  of  abdomen,  1.5""";  length  of  antennjw,  1.2'"'"; 
of  front  wing,  7.75-9.25,  av.  8.25"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  2""". 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  2329,  G049,  7393,  11752,  14980; 
three  of  them  in  pretty  good  condition. 

2.  EUTEKMES   MEAUII. 
ri.  12,  Figs.  12,  17. 

Kiitirmei  mradii  Soudd.,  Proo.  Amer.  Aoad.  Arts  uud  Sol.,  xrx,  l'»4-14.'>  ;188;n. 

lldad  very  regularly  obovat*),  broadest  just  behind  the  middle,  where 
the  small  eyes,  scarcely  i>rojucting,  are  situated,  not  bvoader  behind  than 
in  front,  the  hind  margin  strongly  rounded,  the  whole  fully  half  as  long 


J 


116 


TERTIAKV:  INSECTS  OF  NOBTH  AMERICA. 


ml 


again  as  broad.  Antennaj  nowhere  well  preserved,  but  apparently  longer 
and  with  more  numerous  joints  than  in  E.  fossarum.  Pronotum  as  broad 
as  the  head  (?)  and  very  short,  probably  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
the  hind  margin  not  forming  with  the  sides  a  continuous  curve,  but  in  its 
middle  half  only  slightly  convex.  Mesonotum  and  metanotum  quadrate, 
broader  than  the  head,  the  mesonotum  somewhat  the  larger,  at  least  half  as 
broad  again  as  long.  Abdomen  rather  stout,  longer  than  the  rest  of  the 
body,  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  the  tip  broadly  rounded,  and,  as  far  as  can 
be  made  out,  unprovided  with  terminal  appendages.  Legs  moderately  long 
and  stout,  the  tibiai  armed  with  a  pair  of  spines  at  apex,  the  front  tibiae 
about  as  long  as  the  pronotum. 

Wings  long,  slender,  and  uniform,  four  times  or  slightly  less  than  four 
times  as  long  as  broad,  the  middle  of  the  front  pair  reaching  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  broadest  at  or  slightly  beyond  the  middle,  the  lower  border 
slightly  arcuate  throughout.  Costal  margin  straight  in  the  basal  three- 
fourths  of  the  wing.  Scapular  vein  parallel  to  the  margin,  the  subcostal 
area  scarcely  infumated.  Veins  below  the  scapular  not  determinable. 
Basal  scale  small,  triangular,  equilateral,  the  sides  straight  excepting  the 
costal,  which  is  very  slightly  convex  and  prominent. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  by  its  slightly  smaller  size, 
squarer  pronotum,  and  differently  shaped  head. 

Length  of  body,  5.25-7,  av.  6.3""" ;  of  abdomen,  2.8-3.5,  av.  3.2°"° ; 
breadth  of  abdomen,  1.5°'"';  length  of  wing,  7.5-8"";  breadth  of  same,  2"°'. 

Named  for  Mr.  T.  L.  Mead,  whose  collection  of  Florissant  insects  he 
has  permitted  me  to  study. 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  No.  19  (Coll.  T.  L.  Mead),  and  Nos.  31, 
1203,  8062. 


A  single  specimen  of  a  wingless  white  ant  has  been  found,  apparently 
belonging  to  this  species  or  to  E.  fossarum.  It  measures  3.75"™  in  length, 
and  is  of  the  ordinary  form  of  the  worker,  with  rounded  head  and  con- 
stricted prothorax,  bearing  a  general  resemblance  to  the  only  other  known 
fossil  termite  larva,  figured  in  Berendt's  work,  but  has  the  head  more  pro- 
duced anteriorly  and  the  abdomen  less  distended. 

Florissant    One  specimen,  No.  6100. 


L 


NEUROPTERA— PSOCINA. 


117 


"^ 


Family  PSOCINA  Burmeister. 

Until  now  this  group  has  been  found  fossil  only  in  amber,  but  here  in 
considerable  abundance,  since  several  of  the  species  are  represented  by 
twenty,  thirty,  or  even  sixty  individuals;  and  fifteen  species  are  recognized, 
about  one  ninth  the  number  of  living  species  known,  but  nearly  one-half  as 
many  as  the  species  now  living  in  Germany,  according  to  the  latest  mono- 
graph by  Kolbe.  These  fossil  species  are  divided  among  ten  genera  as  fol- 
lows: Troctes,  one;  Sphaeropsocus,  one;  Empheria,  two;  Archipsocus,  two; 
.Amphientomum,  one ;  Epipsocus,  one ;  Caecilius,  three ;  Philotarsus,  two ; 
Psocus,  one ;  Elipsocus,  one.  The  genera  Sphaeropsocus,  Empheria,  and 
Archipsocus  are  peculiar  to  amber ;  the  first  mentioned,  a  most  remarkable 
form,  has  the  front  wings  developed  into  the  semblance  of  elytra.  It  is 
worthy  of  note  that,  while  in  the  existing  fauna  of  Europe  the  groups  to 
which  Psocus  and  Elipsocus  belong  embrace  about  half  the  species,  they 
include  only  one-seventh  the  amber  fauna.  Hagen  and  Kolbe  are  at 
viariance  on  the  interj)retation  of  these  facts.  The  single  imperfect  specimen 
80  far  found  in  American  deposits — the  only  one  indeed  in  any  rock  forma- 
tion— proves  to  belong  to  a  distinct  generic  type,  remarkable  for  the  wide 
separation  of  the  ocelli. 

PAROPSOCUS  gen.  nov.  (Treipo?,  Psocus). 

The  single  insect  on  which  this  new  generic  group  is  based  is  very 
fragmentary,  but  seems  to  differ  so  clearly  from  other  types  of  Psocina, 
whether  living  or  fossil,  that  it  can  only  be  recognized  as  distinct.  The 
head  is  broad,  not  including  the  eyes  as  broad  as  long,  the  nasus  prominent, 
ver}  jroadly  convex,  almost  truncate  ;  the  eyes  art  very  large,  very  promi- 
nent, globose,  subpedicellate,  being  strongly  constricted  at  oase,  widening 
the  head  one-half;  ocelli  large,  exceptionally  distant,  the  outer  paired 
ocelli  infringing  on  the  margin  of  the  eyes.  Anteimaj  with  the  first,  second, 
and  third  joints  successively  narrower  by  one-fourth,  the  first  and  second 
broader  than  long,  not  large,  the  third  joint  four  or  five  times  as  long  as 
broad,  cylindrical,  the  remaining  joints  on  the  proximal  third  of  the  nntennse 
two  or  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  smallest  at  base,  apically  rounded. 
Prothorax  nan-ow,  pedunculate,  free,  with  its  angulate  apex  overlapping  tlie 
mesonotum,  longer  than  broad.     Mesothorax  much  broader  than  the  total 


118 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEkTCA. 


width  of  the  head.  Fore  tibiic  slender,  longer  than  and  not  half  so  stout 
as  the  fore  femora.  Abdomen  very  short  and  stout,  tapering  very  rapidly 
behind. 

Perhaps  this  genus  is  as  nearly  related  to  Auiphientomum  as  to  any 
other.     A  single  species  is  at  hand. 


U!  i 


II 


I, 


I     .:    I 


PaROPSOCUS   DISJUNCTU8. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  51. 

The  single  specimen  unfortunately  shows  only  an  insignificant  fraction 
of  neuration,  and  therein  no  distinctive  parts,  but  only  those  which  are 
common  to  all  genera  of  Psocida).  So  fiir  as  can  be  seen,  the  head,  thorax, 
antenna;,  and  'egs  are  absolutely  naked.  The  plate  wrongly  shows  the  left 
antenna  as  the  tarsus  of  the  fore  leg.  The  third  joint  of  the  antennae  is 
shorter  than  the  width  of  the  head  between  the  eyes. 

Length  of  body  l.G'"'" ;  breadth  of  head,  0.4r)""°;  of  thorax,  O.TS""' ; 
length  of  third  antennal  joint,  0.3""". 

Fossil  Caflon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen,  No.  33",  W.  Denton. 

Family  EPHEMERIDyE  Stephens. 

Our  previous  knowledge  of  Tertiary  Ephemerida'  is  based  entirely  upon 
imagos  and  almost  entirely  confined  to  the  statements  made  by  Pictet  and 
Hagen  nearly  thirty  years  ago  in  their  account  of  amber  Neuroptera.  Four 
species  of  Baetis  and  one  each  of  Potamanthus  and  Palingenia  were  there 
described,  and  two  years  earlier  mention  is  made  by  Hagen,  by  name 
merely,  of  a  second  species  of  Palingenia,  but  in  the  subsequent  work  it  is 
referred  to  Baetis.  Here  also  Pictet's  Palingenia  is  considered  as  more 
closely  related  to  Baetis  anomala,  for  which  in  his  monograph  of  the 
Ephemeridaj  Eaton  establishes  the  genus  Cronicus.  Eaton  also  refers  the 
Potamanthus  to  Leptoj)hleb"a.  Wo  have  therefore  from  the  amber  three 
species  of  Baetis,  one  or  probably  two  of  Cronicus,  and  one  of  Leptophlebia. 
Besides  these,  Sendel  figures  a  species  which  he  classes  "inter  ephemeras 
minores,"  and  Burmeister  says  he  has  seen  "zwei  individuen  der  gattung 
Ephemera"  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

From  the  Tertiary  rocks  we  have  only  a  reference  by  Schlotheim  to 
an  insect  from  Oeningen,  which  he  says  may  be  an  Ephemera  or  a  Phry- 


Vii. 


NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERID^. 


119 


ganea,  Heer'a  undescribed  Ephemera  oeningensis,  and  a  referenca  to  an 
Australian  species  by  Wilkinson. 

It  is  not  worth  while  to  enter  here  upon  any  discussion  of  the  pre-Ter- 
tiary  Ephemeridaj,  but  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  modern  discoveries  is 
FriC's  ffijrantic  Palinijenia  feistmanteli  from  the  coal. 

The  American  remains  referred  here  are  rather  unsatisfactory,  con- 
Eisting  of  a  single  imago  and  five  different  species  of  larviu  and  pupse.  The 
earlier  stages  have  not  before  been  noticed  in  a  fossil  state.  The  least  sat- 
isfaccory  is  the  imago,  which  is  so  rudely  preserved  that  only  its  three 
caudal  setaj  of  equal  length  give  any  clue  to  its  relationship.  The  larvaj 
and  pupa?  agree  closely  in  "tructural  features,  and,  excepting  E.  inter- 
empta,  seem  to  belong  to  oiio  gonus.  Tlie  stoutness  of  the  tibiaj,  which  are 
of  nearly  equal  breadth  with  the  femora,  and  particularly  the  sue  of  the 
fore  tibia?  where  preserved,  indicrie  pretty  clearly  that  they  were  burrowuig 
in  habit  and  belong  in  the  neighborhood  of  Ephemera  and  Palingenia;  their 
legs,  however,  though  longitudinally  hairy,  are  not  laterally  fringed,  as  ap- 
pears to  be  the  case  with  such  larv.ne  so  far  as  they  are  known ;  and  the 
respiratory  organs  of  the  abdomen  are  too  poorly  preserved  to  offer  any  as- 
sistance ;  the  logs,  however,  are  evidently  flattened,  and  hence  I  have  placed 
them  in  Ephemera  rather  than  in  Palingenia.  They  seem,  however,  to  in- 
dicate the  existence  here  of  a  distinct  type,  for  they  differ  from  such  larvne 
as  are  known  in  the  form  of  the  body,  which  is  unusually  stoat  at  the  thorax 
and  particularly  in  the  mesothorax,  tapering  anteriorly  to  such  a  degree 
that  the  head  is  very  small,  and  it  is  also  not  produced  anteriorly,  or  to  a 
slight  degree  only ;  the  abdomen  tapers  also  either  throughout  its  length 
or  from  the  middle  posteriorly;  the  respiratory  organs,  if  of  the  f<^)rm  and 
position  in  which  they  are  found  in  Ephemera  and  Palingenia,  would  cer- 
tainly be  clearly  seen,  whereas  no  sign  of  them  appears  upon  the  upper 
surface  of  the  abdomen;  there  are,  however,  certain  indications  laterally 
which  may  be  referred  to  them,  and  if  so  this  would  be  an  additional  dis- 
tinction. The  unfringed  legs,  in  which  femur,  tibia,  and  tarsus  are  of' 
nearly  uniform  diameter,  indicate  a  further  difference  from  known  types. 
So  little,  however,  is  known  of  the  early  stages  of  this  group  that  it  will  be 
impossible  to  indicate  the  nearer  affinities  of  these  fossil  larvae  until  further 
information  of  living  forms  is  obtained.     (September,  1883.) 


!  I 


If^ 


120 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


EPHEMERA  Linnd. 

The  species  known  only  in  the  immature  stages  may  be  distinguished 
as  follows: 

Table  of  the  upeciei  of  Ephemera. 

Oiitur  caadal  setie  fringod  on  both  sideH.    Middle  Heta  as  long  as  the  outer  selie. 

Svtte  Tory  much  more  widely  fringed   in  the  middle  than  toward  either  end ;  dorsal  ulidoniinal 

markings  consisting  of  light  blotches  on  a  dark  ground 1.  E.  tabifica. 

SetiB  on.y  a  little  more  widely  fringed  in  the  middle  than  toward  the  base  or  tip;  dorsal  abdom- 
inal markings  consisting  of  ligbt  lines  on  a  dark  gronnd 3,  E.  macitenta. 

Outer  caudal  aetie  fringed  on  the  inner  side  only,  and  very  much  more  broadly  in  the  middle  than 

near  the  base  or  tip.     Middle  seta  shorter  than  the  outer  setffl 2,  E.  immobilis. 

Setin  of  equal  length  and  naked,  or  not  noticeably  fringed. 

Large  species.    Head  less  than  half  the  width  of  thorax;  dorsa'  abdominal  markings  of  light 

lines 4.  E.  pumUvaa. 

Small  species.    Head  considerably  mora  than  half  as  wide  as  the  thorax ;  no  dorsal  abdominal 
marking.... 5.  A',  interempta, 

1.  Ephemera  tabifica. 

Pupa. — This  species  differs  somewhat  in  form  from  the  other  larger 
types,  the  abdo'nen  being  very  nearly  of  equal  size  throughout  and  the 
thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  it,  while  anteriorly  the  whole  body  tapers 
regularly,  as  in  the  succeeding  species.  The  head  is  rounded  quadrate, 
about  half  the  width  of  the  thorax.  The  legs  are  slenderer  than  in  the 
succeeding  species  and  short,  the  front  pair  no  longer  than  the  width  of  the 
th(*rax,  the  hind  pair  longer,  being  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax  together. 
The  wing  pads  are  blackish,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  reniform 
in  shape,  the  inner  margin  bent  in  the  middle,  and  the  basal  halves  of  the 
inner  margin  of  the  two  wings  meeting  to  form  an  angle  slightly  less  than 
a  right  angle,  the  apical  half  tapering  to  a  rounded  apex.  The  abdomen 
is  long  and  slender,  the  apical  joint  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  basal, 
the  dorsal  surface  blotched  with  large  quadrate  patches  of  lighter  color 
than  the  ground,  sometimes  central,  sometimes  anterior  and  transverse, 
divided  by  a  median  line.  The  three  caudal  sette  .are  slender,  less  than 
half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  equal,  very  broadly  fringed  on  either  side  in 
the  middle. 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  Si  tse,  25"";  breadth  of  thorav,  4.5""; 
of  middle  of  abdomen,  2.6"";  length  of  wing  pads,  4.5"";  of  front  legs, 
4"" ;  of  hind  legs,  8"" ;  of  setae,  7"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  13238. 


i 


? 


T 


f 


NEUROPTER  A— E  PHEME  RID^. 


2.  Ephemera  immobil.s. 


121 


PI.  12,  Fig.  5. 

Larva. — This  is  the  largest  of  the  ephemerid  larvae,  and  is  represented 
by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse.     The  body  is  stout,  largest  at  the  meso- 
thorax  and  metathorax,  tapering  rapidly  and  somewhat  rounded  in  front, 
tapering  gently  behind,  the  hinder  half  of  the  abdomen  more  rapidly  than 
the  basal  half     The  head  is  smdl,  about  as  broad  as  the  terminal  segment  of 
the  body,  transversely  rounded  oval,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
and  symmetrical,  being  rounded  in  front  as  behind ;  the  mandibles,  not  rep- 
resented on  the  plate,  are  not  so  long  as  the  head,  moderately  stout,  nearly 
straight  and  tapering.     The  front  legs  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  thorax,  the 
femora  and  tibia},  which  are  of  equal  width,  nearly  or  quite  as  broad  as  the 
length  of  the  prothorax ;   the  tibia  is  a  little  longer  than  the  femur  and 
about  half  as  long  again  as  the  tarsus,  which  is  also  somewhat  slenderer. 
The  other  legs  are  longer  and  a  little  stouter,  but  retain  the  same  relations, 
excepting  that  the  tarsus  is  much  longer,  half  as  long  again  as  the  tibia 
and  toward  the  tip  tapering.     The  thoracic  branchiae  form  a  pair  of  trian- 
gular equilateral  pads,  their  inner  margins  straight  and  attingent  at  the 
mediodorsal  line,  their  outer  margins  jonvex.     The  dorsal  surface  of  the. 
abdomen  is  ornamented  by  a  pair  of  approximated  subdorsal,  longitudinal, 
curved,  white  streaks,  convexities  outward,  reaching  the  posterior  but  not 
the  anterior  border  of  each  segment.    The  caudal  setse  are  of  unequal 
length,  the  outer  more  than  one-third,  the  middle  one  nearly  one-fourth,  the 
length  of  the  body.     They  are  fringed,  the  outer  ones  on  the  inner  surface 
only,  the  middle  one  on  both  sides  by  a  delicate  fringe  of  hairs,  which 
increases  in  breadth  from  either  end  toward  the  middle,  where  the  fringe  is 
from  a  third  to  a  fourth  the  width  of  the  last  abdominal  seffment. 

Length  of  body,  21"'° ;  breadth  of  thorax,  5""" ;  of  head,  2.4""° ;  length 
of  fore  tibia,  2.25""" ;  breadth,  0.6""" ;  length  of  hind  tibia,  2.7.5"'" ;  breadth, 
O.S"""" ;  length  of  outer  caudal  setae,  8"'" ;  of  middle  seta,  .f)""". 

The  species  differs  from  the  other  larvae  here  described  by  its  greater 
size  and  the  peculiar  fringing  of  the  caudal  seta;. 
Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  8824  and  :828. 


122 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 


I" 

■ :  t 


-.  ! 


3.  Ephemera  macilemta. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  4,  10. 

Larva  —The  body  is  stout  but  not  so  stout  as  in  the  last  species,  which 
is  only  slightly  larger  than  this ;  it  tapers  also  in  a  similar  manner  but  is  not 
80  rounded  anteri  rly.  The  head  and  mandibles  are  of  similar  form  and 
size,  but  the  head  is  not  so  distinctly  separated  from  the  thorax  as  in  that 
species,  being  continuous  with  the  general  outline  of  the  body.  The  legs 
are  considerably  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species,  but  while  agreeing 
with  them  in  general  structure  the  femora  are  stouter  in  relation  to  the 
tibia;.  The  abdomen  is  similarly  marked,  but  the  stripes  are  shorter,  reach- 
ing neither  the  anterior  nor  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments.  The 
caudal  seta;  are  of  equal  length,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  body,  and  fringed 
on  either  side  with  short  cilije,  scarcely  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  seta. 

Length  of  body,  1.75""";  breadth  of  thorax,  3.6"™;  of  head,  1.85-"; 
length  of  fore  tibia,  l.O™"";  breadth,  0.35"'"' ;  length  of  hind  tibia,  2°"»; 
breadth,  O-SS™"" ;  length  of  caudal  setae,  7.5"""'. 

Tiie  brevity  of  the  legs  and  the  uniform  brief  ciliation  of  the  caudal 
setfB  distinguish  this  species  from  either  of  the  other  larva;  here  described. 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  232,  1137,  7280,  10423,  13526. 

4.  Ephemera  pumicosa. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  7  (pupa),  15,  16  (larva). 

Larva. — This  species  is  both  smaller  and  slenderer  than  any  of  the  larva? 
described  above.  It  tapers  in  the  same  manner  as  the  others,  except  in  being 
more  rapidly  expanded  at  the  thorax  and  in  having  the  abdomen  of  more 
uniform  width,  a  peculiarity  seen  also  in  the  nymph  referred  to  the  same 
species  As  in  the  other  species,  the  head  is  of  the  same  width  as  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  abdomen.  The  legs  are  poorly  preserved  in  all  the  speci- 
mens, but  seem  to  agree  entirely  with  their  appearance  in  the  nymph.  The 
abdomen  is  marked  as  in  E.  immobilis,  but  if  anything  with  longer  and 
straighter  stripes.  All  the  caudal  seta;  are  of  similar  length,  slender,  but 
rather  short,  being  only  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  body ;  they  are 
furthermore  distinguished  from  those  of  the  other  species  by  being  naked,  as 
far  as  can  be  seen,  though  one  specimen  seems  to  show  an  apical  bristle  on 
either  side  at  the  end  of  each  joint  of  the  middle  seta. 


i 


NEUROPTERA— EPHEMERII)^. 


123 


i 


Length  of  body,  17""";  breadth  of  thorax,  4'""';  of  bend,  1"";  length  of 
caudal  8eta>,  6™"'. 

Pupa. — The  form  is  altogether  that  of  the  larva,  but  the  legs  are  better 
preserved,  showing  them  to  be  as  long  in  this  species  as  m  E.  immobilifi, 
but  to  differ  in  their  almost  uniform  slenderness  throughout,  the  tarsi  being 
scarcely  narrower  than  the  femora.  The  wing  pads  are  distinctly  marked 
in  dark  brown  and  are  reniform  in  shape,  of  nearly  uniform  width  and 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  basal  half  of  their  inner  edges 
meeting  at  less  than  a  right  angle,  and  the  distal  halves  parallel  and  ap- 
proximate along  the  mediodorsal  line,  the  outer  edges  gently  concave  and 
the  tips  well  rounded.  The  stone  is  broken  at  the  tip  of  the  body  in  the 
only  specimen,  so  that  the  caudal  seta?  are  not  preserved. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  233,  1070,  1516,  10385  (larvae), 
10660  (pupa). 

5.  Ephemera  interempta. 

This  smallest  of  the  ephemerids  from  Florissant,  represented  by  a  nearly 
complete  pupa  and  the  terminal  segments  of  what  may  be  either  larva  or 
pupa,  and  which  appears  to  belong  here,  differs  considerably  in  structural 
features  from  the  others.     The  former  only  will  be  described. 

Pupa. — The  body  is  tolerably  stout,  largest  at  the  thorax  where  it 
tapers  forward  toward  the  head,  which  is  fully  three-quarters  its  width. 
Posteriorly  the  abdomen  remains  in  its  basal  half  very  nearly  as  broad  as 
the  widest  part  of  the  thorax,  and  only  tapers  rapidly  a  little  before  the  tip, 
which  is  more  rounded  than  usual  and  scarcely  one-third  as  broad  as  the 
thorax  The  her.d  is  rounded,  a  little  broader  than  long ;  the  legs  only 
moderately  stout,  all  the  femora  subequal  and  about  as  long  as  the  head. 
The  wing  pads  are  subtriangular,  tapering  pretty  uniforndy  to  a  rather 
broadly  rounded  tip  about  half  as  broad  as  the  base,  the  inner  margin  bent 
close  to  the  base,  and  the  basal  portions  of  the  two  pads  forming  an  angle 
much  broader  than  a  right  angle ;  they  differ  therefore  altogether  in  form 
from  the  two  species  of  which  nymphs  are  known.  The  abdominal  joints 
are  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  wholly  devoid  of  the  markings 
which  distinguish  all  the  other  species.  The  caudal  setae  are  about  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  unfringed.  Only  the  base  of  the  median 
seta  is  preserved  in  the  type,  but  in  the  other  specimen  referred  here  it  is 
as  long  as  the  lateral. 


1^      _ 


124 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  9  5""";  width  of  heiid,  LS'"™;  of  thorax,  2""";  length  of 
femora,  1.2'"'";  of  wing  pad,  2""";  of  HOtai,  2.5""". 

Florissunt.     Two  HpecinieiiH,  Noh.  1..')82,  obtained  by  tlic  Princeton  ex- 
pedition, and  10706. 

Kpfiemera    EX8t;CCA. 
PI.  12,  Fig.  9. 

A  single  specimen,  very  badly  preserved,  but  showing  unmistakably 
the  caudal  seta?.  The  whole  is  preserved  as  I  have  seen  no  other  specimen 
from  Florissant,  as  if  drawn  on  the  stone  with  a  pale  blue  pencil.  The 
body  is  tolerably  stout  for  an  Ephemera,  the  abdomen  tapering  a  little.  The 
expanded  wings  are  only  partially  preserved,  but  are  apparently  nearly  as 
long  as  the  body.  The  three  caudal  sehv.  are  very  slender  and  of  exactly 
the  same  length,  a  little  shorter  than  the  '>ody.  No  ciliation  can  be  detected 
on  them. 

Lengthof  body,  9""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2""";  expanse  of  wings,  16"""; 
length  of  caudal  setai,  7  "■". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5587. 

Family  ODONATA  Fabrieius. 

More  than  thirty  years  ago  in  his  work  in  conjunction  with  de  Selys 
on  the  European  Odonata,  Dr.  Hagen  contributed  a  chapter  on  the  fossil 
species  of  Europe,  in  which  about  half  of  the  species  enumerated  (thirty- 
nine  in  number)  belonged  to  the  Secondary  and  half  to  the  Tertiary  period. 
Since  then  no  one  has  done  more  than  Dr.  Hagen  to  add  to  our  knowledge, 
especially  of  the  Secondar}^  species.  The  time  has  hardly  come,  and  the 
species  known  are  as  yet  perhaps  not  sufficiently  numerous,  to  enter  on  any 
study  of  the  relation  of  the  secondary  and  Tertiary  types ;  btit  it  may  be 
stated  in  a  general  way  tb^^.i,,  omitting  all  mention  of  larval  remains,  we 
now  know  nearly  double  the  number  then  recorded,  and  the  Tertiary 
species  are  considerably  in  exc  ^s.  Of  these  the  larger  part  belong  to  the 
Agrionina.     (January,  1882.) 

To  enter  into  a  few  details,  the  strongly  limited  gro'p  of  dragon-flies 
makes  its  appearance  in  the  Lias  in  considerable  variety  and  apparently  as 
highly  specialized  as  to-day,  for  no  less  than  four  tribes  are  present,  the 
true  Agrionidae  and  the  Cordulidaj  alone  being  absent.     Aeschnina  are  the 


I 


NEUltOPTBUA— ODONATA. 


125 


most  abundant,  the  AeHcluiidre  being  represented  by  a  species  of  Aeschnn 
at  Schambel«n  and  the  Goniphidic  by  one  species  each  of  Petahira 
and  Goniphoides  from  England.  Calopterygidic  come  next,  with  one 
species  eacli  of  Tarsophlebia  and  Heterophlebiu,  both  extinct  genera,  also 
from  England,  and  finally  a  species  of  Libellula  from  England.  The  same 
relation  holds  in  passing  upward  into  the  oolite,  where  the  Agrionina  are 
added.  Here  we  have  thii-ty-two  species,  of  which  half  are  Agrionina:  four 
Agrionida;,  and  twelve  Calopterygida;  of  five  genera,  mostly  extinct,  namely, 
Isophlebia,  two;  Heterophlebia,  two;  Stenoi)hlebia,  three;  Tarsophlebia, 
one,  and  Euphsea,  four;  three  are  Aeschnidaj  of  the  genera  Anax  and 
Aeschna ;  eight  Gomphidjc  of  some  undetermined  genera,  besides  Petalura 
and  Petalia;  and  finally  five  Libellulidoe  of  about  as  many  genera,  yet 
undescribed.  A  species  of  Gomphida;  has  also  been  found  in  the  Wealden 
of  England.  The  lithographic  slates  of  Bavaria  afford  numerous,  some- 
times wonderfully  preserved,  dragon-flies,  called  by  the  workmen  Stangen- 
reiter  or  Schladen-Vogel,  which  have  boon  carefully  studied  by  Hagen. 
They  lie  on  the  stone  with  expanded  wings  and  are  generally  Ifrgor  than 
modern  types ;  sometimes  the  most  delicate  veins  are  perfectly  preserved. 
Most  of  them  are  referred  to  extinct  genera. 

Considering  the  comparative  abundance  of  this  group  in  the  Second- 
ary rocks  one  would  expect  to  find  a  better  representation  in  the  Terti- 
aries  than  is  the  case,  for,  even  counting  all  the  species  founded  upon  the 
immature  stages  as  distinct  from  any  of  those  established  upon  wings,  the 
Tertiary  species  are  less  than  twice  as  numerous  as  those  from  the  Second- 
ary rocks.  The  subfamilies  are  about  equally  represented,  though  the 
Agrionina  are  a  little  in  excess,  and  the  species  are  very  unequally  distrib- 
uted among  the  tribes.  Thus  there  are  twenty-two  species  of  Agrionidaj  of 
the  following  genera :  Agrion,  seven ;  Lestes,  five ;  Argya,  one ;  Platycne- 
mis,  two;  Sterope,  one  ;  Dysagrion,  three  ;  Podagrion,  one ;  and  Lithagrion, 
two,  the  last  four  genera  being  extinct ;  while  there  is  but  a  single  species 
of  Calopterygidsc  known  by  a  pupal  form,  from  amber,  a  curious  reversal 
of  the  proportion  in  Mesozoic  rocks.  The  ^schnina  are  more  equally 
balanced  between  the  tribes,  the  Gomphidte  being  reprasented  by  six 
species,  of  the  genera  Gomphus,  Gomphoides,  Ictinus,  and  Petalura,  and 
the  AeschnidjB  by  nine ;  of  the  genera  Aeschna  (eight)  and  Anax  (one). 
The  Libellulina,  however,  have  again  only  a  single  species  of  Cordulidaj, 


126 


THItTIAUV  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


'    1 


but  sixteen  Hpocios  of  Lihellulidii',  all  except  one,  a  CelitlieniiH,  referred  to 
Lil)ellula  in  a  liroad  HeiiHe.  Nearly  every  loeality  wlioro  Tertiary  injects 
are  found,  even  includin<^  amber,  liax  supplied  its  (piota  cf  tiiiH  family,  and 
8ome  localities,  such  as  Oeninj^eii,  have  furnished  the  larvae  and  pupa;  in 
great  numbers.     (1885.) 

The  Odonata  furnish  the  first  opportunity  that  my  studies  have  afforded 
of  a  comparison  between  the  insect  fauiuis  of  Florissant  and  the  Green 
River  shales.  The  B^lorissant  beds  have  furnished  six  species  in  the  perfect 
state  besides  two  larvie ;  the  Green  Uiver  shales  four  species  in  the  perfect 
state  besides  fra<:ruients  of  another,  concerning  which  nothing  more  can  be 
said  than  that  it  proi)ably  belongs  to  the  Libellulina.  Two  of  the  Floris- 
sant forms  belong  to  Aeschna,  besides  one  of  the  larvtu.  All  the  remainder, 
four  Green  River  species,  and  four  from  Florissant,  besides  a  larva,  belong 
to  the  Agri(niina.  The  Green  River  shales  are  represented  by  one  species 
of  Podagrion  and  three  species  of  Dysagrion,  an  extinct  genus  of  the 
legion  Podagrion  allied  to  the  genera  Podagrion  and  Philogenia;  the  Flor- 
issant beds  by  two  species  of  Agrion  and  two  of  Lithagrion,  an  extinct 
genus  with  the  same  alliances  as  Dysagrion ;  the  species  of  Agrion  are  not 
sufficiently  perfect  to  decide  into  what  subgenus  they  will  fall,  but  they 
are  certainly  closely  related  and  appear  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  Aniphi- 
agrion  or  else  to  Pyrrhosoma  or  Erythronnna.  All  the  Green  River 
species  belong  then  to  the  legion  Podagrion,  while  the  Florissant  species 
are  divided  between  the  legions  Podagrion  and  Agrion.  The  resemblance 
of  the  faunas  of  the  two  localities  is  very  apparent,  though  the  species  and 
leven  the  genera  Tire  wholly  distinct.  The  facies  of  both  faunas  is  decid- 
edly subtropical     (October,  1882.) 


■  i 


Tribe  AGRIONINA  Hagen. 

This  group  is  the  richest  of  Odonata  in  the  Tertianu-s,  both  in  Europe 
and  America,  but  curiously  the  legions  into  whicl  it  is  divided  by  de  Selys 
are  very  differently  represented  in  the  two  coun*^i'ies.  To  establish  better 
terms  of  comparison  I  have  given  some  attention  to  the  descriptions  and 
figures  of  the  mature  European  forms,  and  their  study  brings  out  some 
interesting  points. 

In  Europe  the  legion  Lestes  is  far  the  best  represented ;  into  this  fall 
Lestes  coloratus  Hagen  from  Radoboj,  first  figured  by  Charpentier,  Agrion 


NECKOrTEUA— ODONATA— AOllIONINA. 


127 


Hgoii,  A.  leucosia,  and  A.  peiHlnoo,'  all  of  lleer  nnd  from  Oeninijen,  and 
probably  A.  iri»  Hoer  of  Ooniiigou;  a  closer  dotonuinatioii  1h  porluips  im[)0«- 
Hiltlo.  Into  it  alHo  fall  I^uHtoH  vicitia  Ilagoii  from  SiebloH,  which  appears  to 
bo  a  Lc'rttoH  in  the  narrowest  Hcnse,  and  Agrion  (Steropo)  parthenope  I  leer 
from  Oeningen,  which  i«  either  a  Sympyoni  or  oxceeHingly  close  to  it. 
The  logion  next  best  represented  is  Platycnemis,  si'ico  to  the  subgenus 
Plutycneniis  Agrion  anticpiuni  llagen  from  amber  >'.iid  Agrion  icarus  Ilagen 
from  Kott  pretty  certainly  belong.  Finally,  to  the  legion  Agrion  belongs 
Agrion  aglaope  Ileer  from  Oeningen. 

In  Amori,  a,  on  the  other  hand,  the  bnlk  of  the  species  fall  in  the  legion 
Podagrion,  viz,  Dysagrion  fredericii,  I),  lakesii,  and  D.  packardii  of  Green 
River,  Podagrion  abortivnm  from  the  same,  and  Lithagrion  hyalinmn  and 
L.  umbratnm  from  Florissant.  "^J^in  other  two  species  fall  in  the  legion 
Agrion,  viz,  Agrion  mascescens  nnd  A.  oxsularis. 

The  following  table  will  show  the  distribution  of  recent  and  fossil  spe- 
cies in  Europe  and  North  America : 


Recent. 

FoMil. 

Legion. 

Europe. 

North  Amer- 
ica north  of 
Mexico. 

North  Amer- 
ica and  West 
Indies, 

Kiirope. 

North 
America. 

Psendostigma 

No. 

Per  cent. 

No. 
5 

11 

Percent. 
<J 

31 

No. 
« 

14 

1 

Percent. 

7 

17 

1 

Ao. 

Per  vent. 

No. 

Percent. 

Legtes 

7 

18 

7 

70 

" 

6 

75 

Platycuemis 

11 

ao 

Si) 
53 

1 

•       20 
10 

Agrion 

37 

70 

60 
3 

71 
4 

3 

25 

Protonetira 

'fotii! 

us  i    -- 

53 

84 

10 

8 

Concerning  the  present  distribution  of  those  "  legions,"  it  may  be  said 
that  Pseudostigma  belongs  to  tropical  America,  Podagrion  and  Protoneura 
to  the  tropics  and  South  Africa,  Platycnemis  to  the  Old  World,  and  that 
Lestes  and  Agrion  are  cosmopolitan.  The  cosmopolitan  groups  and  the 
one  confined  to  the  Old  World  are  those,  and  the  only  ones,  represented  in 
the  European  Tertiaries ;  while  one  of  the  cosmopolitan  genera  well  repre- 

'  Uagen  considered  these  as  most  nearly  allied  to  the  species  for  whicli  Selys  has  since  i-stali- 
liHhvd  the  genns  Chlorolestes  in  the  legion  Podagrion,  but  to  judge  Trom  the  origin  of  the  median  aud 
hubuodal  sectors  they  certainly  belong  in  Lestes. 


ri^ 


128  TERTiAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

sented  in  the  United  States  to-day  has  not  yet  been  found  in  its  Tertiary 
deposits,  and  three-quarters  of  the  fossil  species  belong  to  a  legion  essen- 
tially tropical  and  two-thirds  of  whoso  living  representatives  occur  in 
America. ;  to  offset  this,  the  two  other  legions  which  are  peculiarly  tropical 
(and  one  of  them  exclusively  American)  are  wholly  unrepresented  in  the 
American  Tertiaries.  From  what  we  then  know  at  the  present  time  the 
relationship  of  the  agrionid  fauna  of  the  Euro])ean  and  American  Tertiaries 
was  not  nearly  so  close  ;  the  living  faunas  of  the  two  countries.  (Sep- 
tember, 1883.) 

Legion  PODAGRION  de  Selys. 

To  this  legion  belong  most  of  tha  fossil  Agrionina  of  North  America. 
The  species  here  described  are  the  lirst  that  have  been  found  fossil.  The 
recent  forms  of  this  legion — not  a  very  prolific  rne — occur  mainly  in  trop- 
ical America,  though  nearly  half  the  genera  and  about  one-third  of  the 
species  belong  to  the  East  Indies  and  South  Africa.  The  forms  here  brought 
to  notice  are  mostly  referable  to  now  genera  which  find  their  place  in  near 
vicinity  to  the  South  American  types.  One  species  appears  to  belong  to 
the  South  American  genus  Podagrion.  The  relationship  of  these  fossils 
may  bo  looked  upon  as  well  defined.  Their  nearest  living  relatives  are 
inhabitants  of  Brazil,  Venezuela,  and  Colombia. 

The  genera  here  represented  may  be  separated  in  the  following  man- 
ner: 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Podagrion. 

Ptero  tiguiu  not  nuiro  than  twice  im  long  as  liioiid,  Burnionntiug  less  than  two  cclluloa ;  sopplementary 
HtJcturHrew;  few  puntugonal  ot'lliilen 2.  I'oitagrioH. 

Ptorostignm  more  tliiin  twicu  as  long  iir.  broad,  snruioiiutiug  several  culliiles;  supplementary  seu.ors 
uuniuroiiii;  many  pontagouul  coIlnleH. 
Nodul  Hootor  nrixing  from  the  priuripul  at  Hvarculy  ouo-flflh  the  distance  from  the  uodns  to  the 
ptorostigma;  postcoittul  urea  uxolusivoly  or  ahuost  e:<clnsively  llllcd  with  pcntagonul  culls; 

sevora!  Niipplomviitary  sectont  butwuen  the  niodinu  and  Miibiiodul  sectors 1.  Oytiagi  ion. 

Nodal  sector  uriHing  from  the  principal  at  about  oiiu-third  the  distance  from  the  nudas  to  the  pter- 
ostigma;  poHicoittal  area  with  tetr»gi>ual  and  very  few  or  no  pentagonal  oelN;  no  perfect  sup- 
plementary sector  between  iho  modian  uik'  subnodal  sectors 3.  Liihagrion. 

1.  DYSAGlilON  Scudder. 

Dyiagrioit  Soiidd.,  Bui!.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  KM  (1878). 

This  new  typo  of  Agrionina  belongs  to  the  legion  Podagrion  as  defined 
by  Selys-Longchamps,  having  a  normal  ptorostigma,  much  longer  than 
broad,  the  median  sector  arising  from  the  principal  vein  near  the  nodus,  the 
subhodal  a  little  further  out,  and  many  interposed  supplementary  sectors. 


) 


NEUKOPTEUA— ODON  AT  A— AGRIONINA. 


129 


I 


t 


It  (iiffers  aoiuewhat  remarkably,  however,  from  any  of  fhe  genera  givr  -^  in 
that  author's  Synojisis  des  Afrrionines  (lHfi2)  in  several  points,  as  will  be 
seen  on  reviewing  the  following  characteristl .  s. 

The  median  sector  arises  from  the  principal  voin  more  than  one-third 
the  distance  from  the  nodus  to  the  arculus;  the  subnodal  arises  from  an 
extension  of  the  nc  .his,  wliich  in  passing  below  the  principal  is  directed 
somewhat  inward  instead  of  outward,  a  somewhat  extraordinary  feature ; 
the  nodal  arises  from  the  principal  only  as  far  beyond  the  nodus  as  the  me- 
dian originates  before  it,  or  scarcely  more  than  one-fifth  way  to  the  ptero- 
stigir.a.  The  reticulation  of  the  upper  half  of  the  wing  is  mostly  tetragonal, 
and  in  the  discoidal  area  very  open,  while  in  the  lower  half  of  the  wing  it 
is  mostly  pentagonal,  and  dense  apically  ;  tliis  results  in  part  from  the  great 
number  of  interposed  supplementary  sectors,  of  which  there  are  several 
between  the  ultranodal  and  nodal  sectors,  and  several  between  each  of  the 
following  sectors  as  far  as  the  upper  sector  of  the  triangle ;  the  uppe:  of 
these  curve  somewhat  downward  as  they  approach  the  apical  border.  The 
postcostiil  area  has  at  first  two  rows  of  cellules;  but  it  expands  rapidly 
below  the  nodus,  and  then  has  three  and  afterwards  even  four  rows.  The 
nodus  is  situated  at  an  unusual  distance  outward,  indeed  not  very  far  before 
the  middle  of  the  wing  (rather  more  than  one-third  the  distance  from  the 
base),  and  at  u  third  of  the  distance  from  the  arculus  to  the  pterostigma. 
The  petiole  terminates  at  some  distance  before  the  arculus  and  is  very  slen- 
der. The  wing  is  rather  full  in  the  middle,  and  the  apical  half  of  the  pos- 
terior border  is  very  full,  the  apex  falling  considerably  above  the  middle  of 
the  wing. 

These  characters  show  the  nearest  alliance  to  Philogenia,  but  the  genus 
diiTers  strikingl)'  from  tiuvt  in  the  position  of  the  nodus,  its  retreat  below 
the  principal  sector,  the  character  of  the  postcostal  area,  and  in  the  great 
number  of  the  supplementary  sectors,  as  well  as  in  less  important  charac- 
ters, such  as  the  density  of  the  reticulation.  It  seems  iiideed  to  be  a  very 
aberritnt  member  of  the  legion.  As  the  members  of  this  grcttp  are  all 
tropical,  and  those  to  which  this  is  most  nearly  allied  (as  indeed  two-thirds 
of  the  species)  are  froiii  the  New  World,  this  is  an  additional  instance  of 
neotropical  alliances  in  the  insect-fauna  of  our  Tertiaries. 

It  is  upon  the  wing  that  I  would  establish  this  genus.     Yet  fragments 
of  other  parta  of  the  body  occur  with  the  wings,  showing  that  the  legs  were 
VOL  nil 9 


180 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


probably  lonpf  and  slender,  furnished  with  spine-like  hairs  as  long  as  the 
breadth  of  the  femora.  The  abdomen  was  moderately  slender,  rather  longer 
than  the  wings ;  its  ninth  and  tenth  segments  a  little  enlarged  in  the  ?,  the 
tenth  half  (?),  or  three-quarters  {i),  as  long  as  the  ninth,  and  the  eighth  half 
as  long  again  ($),  or  twice  as  long  ((?),  as  the  ninth,  and  a  liiile  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  seventh.  The  anal  appendages  were  as  long  as  the  tenth 
segment,  rounded  triangidar  ($)  or  quadrate  (,?). 

The  species  of  Dysagrion  found  at  Green  River  may  be  separated  by 
the  characters  drawn  from  the  neuration  of  the  wing  in  the  following  table : 

Table  of  the  species  of  Dysagrion. 

Pterostigma  at  least  fonr  times  as  long  an  broad ;  qnadrilateral  longer  than  broad ;  middle  n{  the  area 
occupied  by  sapplenientary  veins  between  the  prinoipt^^l  and  siibnodal  sectors  filluu  with  quad- 
rilateral cells. 
Pterostigma  surmounting  four  cells ;  q  ladrilnteral  nearly  as  broad  at  base  as  at  apex. 

v.  frederioii. 
Pterostigma  surmounting  three  cells  ;  quadrllatbral  nearly  twice  as  broad  at  apex  as  at  base. 

'i.  D.  laleetii. 

Pterostigma  only  three  times  a  j  long  as  broad ;  qnadrilateral  slightly  broader  than  long ;  middle  of  the 

area  batween  the  principal  and  snbnodal  sectors  filled  with  penttt^oual  cells..  .3.  D.  packardii. 


1.  Dysagrion  fredericii. 

PL  6,  Figs.  2,  5,  6,  9,  10,  14, 17. 

Dysagrion    .edericii  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.^Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  534-5,37,  775  (1878). 

Several  specimens  of  various  parts  of  the  body  with  wings  were  found 
by  Mr.  F.  C.  Bowditch  and  myself  in  the  Green  River  shales,  in  a  railway 
cutting  by  the  river  bank  beyond  Green  River  station.  The  most  important 
are  a  nearly  perfect  wing  and  its  reverse,  which  preserve  all  the  important 
points  of  the  neuration.  A  single  antecubital  appears  to  be  present,  nearer 
the  nodus  than  the  arculus;  the  principal  sector,  like  the  short  sector  (sec- 
tor brevis),  l)ends  slightly  upward  just  as  it  reaches  the  arculus;  the  cel- 
lules in  the  discoidal  area  are  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  yet  the  breadth 
of  the  wing  is  such  that  the  broadest  part  of  the  postcostal  space,  between 
the  nodus  and  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  rest 
of  the  wing  at  that  point.  The  quadrilateral  is  subquadrate,  about  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  its  upper  and  lower  margins  subparallel  and  its  lower 
outer  angle  about  sixty  degrees;  pterostigma  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  a 
little  dilated,  oblique  both  within  and  without,  but  especially  pointed  above 
on  the  outer  side,  touching  the  costal  margin  throughout.  The  wing  is 
wholly  hyaline,  excepting  the  infumated  pteroatigma,  which  is  bordered  by 


NEUROPTERA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 


131 


thickened  black  veins,  and  surmounts  four  cellules  at  its  lower  margin ;  the 
veins  of  the  wing  generally  are  testaceous;  there  are  twenty  postcubitals. 
Length  of  the  wing,  SS""";  length  of  part  beyond  peduncle,  34""; 
breadth,  9""";  distance  from  nodus  to  tip  of  wing,  23""";  from  arculus  to 
nodus,  8"'"';  from  nodus  to  inner  angle  of  pterostigma,  17™";  length  of 
pterostigma,  3.5™". 

Another  wing  from  the  same  beds  with  its  reverse  (Nos.  4165,  4166) 
is  very  fragi...3ntary,  showing  little  besides  the  border  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  wing  with  the  pterostigma,  and  most  of  the  postcubital  nervules.  I  have 
here  considered  it  the  hind  wing  of  the  same  species,  from  its  8iu)ilar  size, 
the  exact  resemblance  of  the  pterostigma,  which  also  surmounts  four  cel- 
lules, and  the  indication  of  a  similar  profusion  of  intercalated  supplementary 
nervules.  It  seems,  however,  not  improbable  that  it  may  prove  to  be  a 
second  species  of  the  same  genus,  from  the  great  difference  in  form.  The 
two  borders  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  are  nearly  parallel,  and  the  apex 
falls  a  little  below  the  nn'ddle.  This  difference,  however,  really  concerns 
only  the  posterior  curve  of  the  wing  below  the  apex.  The  nodus  is  not 
preserved.     Greatest  breadth,  7.5"". 

Considering  the  fragments  of  heads,  etc.,  referred  to  under  the  genus 
as  belonging  to  this  species,  we  have  to  add  Nos.  4179,  4180,  and  4182 
(besides  No.  62  of  Mr.  Richardson's  collection)  as  representing  heads;  Nos. 
418 J,  4184,  the  united  head,  thorax,  and  base  of  wings;  and  Nos.  4170, 
4173,  4174,  4177,  4178,  as  parts  of  the  abdomen.  The  fibdomen  shows  a 
slendei,  dorsal,  pale  stripe,  distinct  and  moderately  broad  on  the  sixth  to 
the  eighth  segments,  scarcely  reaching  either  border,  and  posteriorly  ex- 
panding into  a  small,  round  spot ;  and  a  ftiint  dorsal  line  on  the  fourth  and 
fifth  segments,  interrupted  just  before  the  tip.  The  appendages  are  simple. 
Length  of  head  (according  to  the  mode  of  preservation),  4.0-4.5""; 
breadth  of  same,  5.5"";  length  of  thorax,  5™";  of  [)edicel  of  wing,  5™";  of 
abdomen  (probably  1™"  should  be  added  for  a  break  at  the  base),  39""; 
length  of  segments  8  to  10,  6"™;  breadth  of  ninth  segment,  2.75"™;  of 
fifth  segnjent,  2.1"™;  estimated  length  of  whole  body,  55"". 

Named  for  my  friend  and  fellow  collector  of  Green  River  fossils,  Mr. 
Frederick  C.  Bowditch,  of  Boston. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  4165  and  4166,  4167 
and  4168,  15244,  besides  the  parts  of  the  body  mentioned. 


I 


132 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  Dysagrion  LAKBeil. 

A  nearly  perfect  wing  and  its  reverse  represent  another  species  of  this 
genuS;  which  is  more  nearly  allied  to  D.  packardii  than  to  D.  fredericii, 
differing  from  the  former  principally  in  the  form  of  the  quadrilateral  and 
the  shape  of  the  pterostigma,  whicli,  although  as  long  as  there,  surmounts 
only  three  cellules.  There  are  two  antecubitals,  one  at,  the  other  a  little 
before,  the  arculus ;  the  base  of  the  principal  and  short  sectors  is  straight, 
the  cellules  in  the  discoidal  area  are  much  as  in  D.  fredericii,  the  quadri- 
lateral is  twice  as  long  as  its  mean  breadth,  its  basal  margin  half  as  long 
as  its  apical,  and  the  vein  forming  the  lower  margin  bent  at  a  similar  angle 
with  the  inferior  vein  of  the  triangle  as  in  D.  fredericii ;  the  nodus  is  placed 
at  one-third  the  distance  from  the  arculus  to  the  pterostigma.  The  wing  is 
hyaline,  excepting  the  fuliginous  pterostigma,  which  ia  four  times  as  long 
as  broad,  surmounts  three  cellules,  and  is  bordered  by  thickened  black  veins; 
its  outer  margin  is  much  more  oblique  than  its  inner ;  there  are  nineteen 
postcubitals. 

Probable  length  of  wing,  35"";  length  of  part  beyond  peduncle, 
33™" ;  breadth,  8"™ ;  distance  from  arculus  to  nodus,  8"" ;  from  nodus  to 
tip  of  wing,  22.,5"";  from  nodus  to  inner  corner  of  pterostigma,  15.5""; 
length  of  pterostigma,  3.75"". 

Named  for  Prof.  Arthur  Lakes,  of  Colorado,  my  companion  in  explor- 
ing the  fossil  insect  beds  of  the  West. 

Green  River.    One  specimen,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  Nos.  259  and  260. 

3.  Dysagrion  packardii. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  1,  3,  11. 

Dytagrion  packardii  Scndd.,  Zittel,  Handb.  d.  Palieont.,  I,  ii,  776,  Fig.  979  (1885). 

Another  species  of  this  genus  is  represented  by  a  nearly  complete 
front  ving,  a  fragment  of  a  wing  and  its  reverse,  and  by  a  tolerably  per- 
fect body  presumably  belonging  to  it.  The  wing  agrees  with  that  of  D. 
fredericii  in  form  and  size,  but  differs  in  the  following  particulars:  No  ante- 
cubitals exist,  except  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  arculus,  one  being  present 
nearly  half-way  from  it  to  the  base  and  another  may  exist  in  the  broken 
part  of  the  wing  just  beyond  the  arculus ;  the  base  of  the  principal  and 
short  sectors  is  straight ;  the  cellules  in  the  discoidal  area  are,  if  anything, 


KEUROPTEEA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 


J  33 


slenderer  than  in  that  species ;  the  quadrilateral  ir  of  about  equal  lengtn 
and  breadth,  its  basal  only  a  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  its  apical 
margin  and  the  vein  forming  its  lower  margin  bent  at  a  much  greater 
angle  with  the  inferior  vein  of  the  triangle  than  in  the  preceding  species ; 
the  nodus  is  placed  slightly  beyond  one  third  the  distance  from  the  arculus 
to  the  pterostigma,  while  in  the  preceding  species  it  is  placed,  if  anything, 
at  loss  than  one-third  that  distance;  the  wing  is  hyaline,  excepting  the 
dusky  pterostigma,  which  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  surmounts 
four  cellules,  and  is  bordered  by  thickened  black  veins ;  there  are  nineteen 
postcubitals. 

The  body  is  slender,  the  legs  slender,  but  not  very  long,  armed  with 
long  hairs,  and  the  abdomen,  which  is  considerably  longer  than  the  front 
wing,  is  viewed  partly  from  the  side  and  partly  from  above ;  the  superior 
male  appendages  are  shorter  than  the  tenth  segment,  quadrate,  apparently 
of  equal  length  and  breadth,  with  a  slightly  projecting  tooth  at  the  inner 
tip  directed  inwards. 

Length  of  entire  body,  49°"°;  head,  3""°;  thorax,  8.5°"°;  fore  femora, 
4.25°"°;  middle  femora,  S"" ;  hind  femora,  fi"";  abdomen,  SG"";  second 
joint,  3.5""" ;  third,  S""  ;  fourth  to  sixth,  each  G""  ;  seventh,  4.5"°' ;  eighth, 
2.5'^'»;  ninth,  l.S"";  tenth,  l.l"";  appendages,  0.6""";  breadth  of  head, 
4.5°°" ;  second  to  fifth  abdominal  segments  (side  view).  2.76°'°' ;  sixth  and 
seventh  abdominal  segments  (top  view),  l.TS™" ;  eighth,  3°*°" ;  ninth,  2°"' ; 
tenth,  1.75°'°';  appendages,  C.G"";  length  of  wing,  36.5°'°';  of  part  beyond 
peduncle,  34.5"°' ;  breadth,  8.6 ;  distance  from  arculus  to  nodus,  O™™ ;  from 
nodus  to  tip  of  wing,  22.75°'°' ;  from  nodus  to  inner  angle  of  pterostigma, 
16.75°'°' ;  length  of  pterostigma,  3°'°'. 

Named  for  the  world-known  American  entomologist.  Dr.  A.  S.  Pack- 
ard, of  Brown  University. 

Green  River.  Three  specimens.  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  Nos.  146,  147, 
252  and  253. 

2.  PODAGRION  de  Selys. 

Tropical  South  America  claims  the  half  dozen  known  living  species 
of  this  genus,  most  of  which  have  been  found  in  Colombia  and  Venezuela. 
The  single  species  we  refer  here  is  somewhat  imperfect  but  apparently  be- 
longs here,  and  can  certainly  not  be  far  removed  from  it,  for  it  agrees  with 
it  in  the  character  of  the  pterostigma  and  the  supplementary  sectors.  Ex- 
cept this  no  fossil  species  have  been  found. 


134 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


PODAGHION   ABOETIVUM. 

PI.  6,  Figs.  7,  8. 
Podagrion  ahortivum  Sondd.,  Bull.  L   8.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  775-776  (1878), 

The  specimen  represents  the  apical  part  of  a  wing  with  fragments  of 
the  middle  portion.  The  pterostigma  is  a  little  more  than  twl",e  as  long  as 
broad,  and,  although  less  oblique  on  the  inner  than  on  the  outer  side,  yet 
lies  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  with  the  costal  edge,  and  is  therefore 
more  oblique  than  usual  in  Podagrion  ;  its  outer  side  is  arcuate  as  well  as 
very  oblique,  but  in  its  entire  extent  the  pterostigma  scarcely  surmounts  two 
cellules ;  the  outer  side  is  much  thicker  than  the  inner,  and  thickens  below 
as  it  passes  gradually  into  the  lower  border,  which,  like  the  costal,  is  much 
thickened,  and  appears  the  more  so  from  being  independent  of,  although  in 
conjunction  with,  the  nxedian  nervure.  Beyond  the  pterostigma  the  ultra- 
nodal  approaches  the  principal  nervure  very  closely,  so  that  they  are  only 
half  as  far  apart  at  the  margin  as  below  the  pterostigma ;  there  are  two  sup- 
plementary sectors,  one  between  the  ultranodal  and  the  nodal,  arising  below 
the  outer  half  of  the  pterostigma,  the  other  between  the  nodal  and  subnodal, 
arising  slightly  farther  back ;  both  of  these  supplementary  sectors  are 
straight,  but  the  nodal  is  slightly  undulated  after  the  origin  of  the  supple- 
mentary sectors  ;  all  the  other  veins,  excepting  the  extreme  tip  of  the  prin- 
cipal, are  straight,  anc'  the  reticulation  tetragonal.  The  wing  appears  to  be 
hyaline  throughout,  the  pterostigma  very  slightly  infumated,  the  ncrvures 
fusco-castaneous,  taos.'"  ibout  the  pterostigma  deepening  nearly  to  black. 
Apically  the  wing  is  well  rounded,  its  apex  falling  in  the  middle  and  not 
at  all  produced.     A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  size  of  P.  macropus  Sel. 

Length  of  pterostigma  along  costal  edge,  1.5""";  of  same  from  inner 
lower  angle  to  outer  upper  angle,  2.1""';  breadth  of  pterostigma,  0.65 ""; 
of  wing  in  nf.iddlo  of  apical  half,  5.5'°"'. 

Green  River.     One  specimen.  No.  4169. 


3.  LITHAGRION  gen.  nov.  {XWo?,  Agrion). 

Subnodal  sector  originating  from  the  nodus,  the  median  a  little  more 
than  one  cellule  previous  to  it,  the  nodal  at  a  little  less  than  one-third  the 
distance  from  the  nodus  to  the  pterostigma ;  the  latter  is  stout,  dilated,  sur- 
mounts about  five  cellules,  its  inner  border  a  little  jblique,  its  outer  slightly 


NEUROPTBRA-ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 


135 


oblique  in  the  same  sense.  Reticulation  dense,  mostly  tetragonal  except- 
ing in  the  region  of  the  supplementary  sectors  of  which  there  are  two  be- 
tween each  pair  of  sectors  from  the  ultranodal  to  the  short  sector,  excepting 
in  the  interspace  betv/een  the  subnodal  and  the  median ;  none  excepting 
the  upper  ones  are  curved,  and  there  is  also  a  single  very  brief  one  between 
the  short  sector  and  the  superior  sector  of  the  triangle  Postcostal  space 
simple  or  nearly  so,  the  inferior  sector  forming  it  extending  beyond  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing  but  not  reaching  the  border.  Wings  enlarging  considerably 
towards  the  middle,  strongly  petiolate  nearly  to  the  base  of  the  quadrilateral; 
this  is  several  times  longer  than  broad,  enlarging  8''']fhtly  away  from  the 
base,  the  lower  side  from  a  fourth  to  a  third  longer  t.ian  the  upper.  Nodus 
situated  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  PJiilogenia  and  Podagrion,  the  subnodal 
and  median  sectors  having  a  similar  origin,  but  it  is  clearly  distinct  from 
either;  *t  diflfers  from  the  former  in  the  structure  of  the  pterostigma,  which 
nowhere  departs  from  the  costal  margin,  in  the  straightness  of  the  supple- 
mentary sectors,  the  obliquity  of  the  apex  of  the  quadrilateral,  the  greater 
distance  of  the  nodus  from  the  lase  of  the  wing  and  the  less  petiolated  and 
more  broadly  expanded  form  of  the  wing.  -In  the  number  and  position  of 
the  supplementary  sectors,  however,  it  closely  resembles  it.  From  Pod- 
agrion it  differs  in  the  earlier  departure  of  the  nodal  from  the  principal 
vein,  the  larger  number  of  cellules  below  the  pterostigma,  the  much  greater 
number  of  supplementary  sectors,  and  the  more  broadly  expanded  wing ;  it 
resembles  it  rather  than  Philogenia  in  the  structure  of  the  pterostigma,  the 
petiolation  of  the  wing,  and  the  position  of  the  nodus.  It  diflFers  even  more 
from  Dysagrion,  Which  I  have  plat-ed  in  the  same  group,  than  from  either 
of  these  two  recent  genera!  Two  species  have  been  discovered,  both  from 
Florissant. 

Table  of  the  ipeeie$  of  Lithagnoti. 

Wings  oloar^  postcubitals  few 1  L.  hyaliiium. 

Wings  clouded  except  at  base  and  apex;  postcabitals  nnmerouB 2.L.  umbratum. 


1.    LiTHAORION   HYALINUM. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  4. 

A  pair  of  wings,  barely  overlapping  at  the  postcostal  margin  and  with 
the  tips  broken  beyond  the  middle  of  the  pterostigma,  but  otherwise  in 
admirable  proservation,  represent  t'.is  species;  they  appear  to  be  upper  wings. 


136 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  wings  are  hyaline  and  are  petiolated  up  to  the  base  of  the  quad- 
rilateral or  aoine  distance  beyond  the  first  postcostal  nervule.  intranodal 
sector  originatin<jf  from  a  cross  vein  midway  between  thj  nodus  and  the 
pterostigma,  its  course  regular  and  not  zigzag  througliout  its  extent ;  inferior 
sector  of  the  triangle  straight  to  near  its  tip,  where  it  bends  a  little  upward, 
running  parallel  to  the  margin  and  terminating  in  a  cross  vein,  a  little 
irregular  near  the  tip.  Pterostigma  dark  chocolate  brown,  the  bordering 
veins  thickened  and  black ;  being  broken  its  form  can  not  be  positively 
stated,  but  it  appears  to  be  nearly  four  times  as  long  as  its  median  width  and 
considerably  expanded  on  the  under  surface,  probably  surmounting  four  or 
five  cellules ;  quadrilateral  more  than  four  times  its  breadth  at  base,  its 
lower  side  half  as  long  again  as  the  upper,  the  outer  side  very  oblique. 
Nodus  rather  more  than  one-third  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  ptero- 
stigma ;  sixteen  postcubitals.     Wings  rather  slenderer  than  in  L.  umbratum. 

Probu,ble  length  of  wing,  33"""  ;  breadth,  6.6°"" ;  distance  from  nodus  to 
pterostigma,  17"'";  from  nodus  to  base.  ILS""";  breadth  of  wing  in  middle 
of  petiolated  portion,  1.3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  8619. 


1 


2.    LiTHAGRION   UMBRATUM. 
PI.  13,  Figs.  12,  14. 

Two  specimens,  one  a  complete  wing,  the  oth'oi  lacking  only  the 
extreme  base  and  an  insignificant  fraction  of  the  apical  margin,  represent 
this  species.     Both  appear  to  be  upper  wings. 

The  wings  are  hyaline  at  base  and  tip,  faintly  or  distinctly  clouded  on 
the  disk,  the  clouded  portion  having  distinct  lines  of  separation  from  the 
hyaline  area ;  the  inner  line  is  straight  and  transverse,  crossing  the  wing 
from  the  second  postcubital  veinlet ;  the  outer  line  is  bent  or  curved  some- 
what, subparallel  to  the  apical  margin,  and  runs  from  the  middle  of  the 
pterostigma  to  a  little  beyond  the  apex  of  the  short  sector,  bending  on  the 
nodal  sector.  The  wings  are  petiolated  very  nearly  up  to  the  first  postcostal 
nervule,  which  is  placed  shortly  before  the  base  of  the  quadrilateral.  Ultra- 
nodal  sector  originating  from  a  cross  vein  a  little  distance  beyond  the  nodal 
and  shortly  before  a  point  midway  between  the  nodus  and  pterostigma ; 
its  course  is  more  or  less  zigzag  at  its  origin  and  again  in  the  middle,  but  is 
mostly  simple;  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  straight  in  its  basal  half, 


«■■ 


NBUROPTERA— ODONATA-AGBlONIrlA. 


187 


beyond  more  or  less  irregular,  increasingly  so  towards  its  apex,  where  it 
bends  upward  so  as  more  gradually  to  approach  the  border,  and  finally  ends 
close  to  t)ie  superior  sector  of  the  triangle  in  a  cross  vein ;  many  of  the 
cellules  in  the  apical  half  of  the  postcostivl  space  are  broken  by  cross  veins 
forming  a  broken  supplementary  sector  here,  and  the  same  thing  occurs 
feebly  in  the  interspace  above.  Pterostigma  scarcely  more  infumated  than 
the  disk  of  the  wing,  expanding  slightly  in  the  middle,  about  four  times  as 
long  as  broad,  surmounting  five  to  six  cellules.  Quadrilateral  very  slender, 
five  or  six  times  as  long  a°  its  basal  breadth,  its  lower  about  one-fourth 
longer  than  its  upper  side,  its  outer  side  oblique.  Nodus  rather  more  than 
one-third  way  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma ;  twenty-seven  postcubitals. 
Wings  rather  stouter  than  in  L.  hyalinum. 

Length  of  wing,  34.5""" ;  breadth  in  middle,  8.5""" ;  in  middle  of  petiole, 
1.5"™;  distance  from  nodus  to  pterostigma,  18™"";  from  nodus  to  base, 
lO.S""". 

Florissant    Two  specimens,  Nos.  6927,  8163. 


^v 


Legion  AGRION  de  Selys. 

All  the  fossil  species  of  this  group,  both  in  Europe  and  America,  have 
been  referred  to  the  genus  Agrion,  which  is  by  far  the  richest  of  its  mem- 
bers at  the  present  day. 

AGRION  Fabricius. 

This  genus,  in  recent  times  one  of  the  largest  and  most  cosmopolitan 
of  the  legion  to  which  it  belongs,  is  represented  in  the  rocks  by  a  single 
species  in  Europe,  A.  aglaope  Heer  from  Oeningen,  and  the  two  species 
from  America  here  described.  Besides  these  a  single  immature  species  has 
been  found  in  Europe  (Oeningen)  and  another  in  America  (Florissant), 
which  are  placed  in  this  group  as  typical  of  the  Agrionina. 

The  genus  is,  as  stated,  cosmopolitan,  but  its  richest  representation  is 
in  the  tropics,  and  in  the  northern  hemisphere  at  least  it  is  more  richly  de- 
veloped in  the  New  World.  The  two  species  here  described  from  wings 
are  not  sufficiently  perfect  to  decide  into  what  subgenus  they  will  fall,  but 
they  are  certainly  closely  related  to  each  other  and  appear  to  be  most 
nearly  allied  to  Amphiagrion  or  else  to  Pyrrhosoma  or  Erythromma. 


im 


" 


138 


TERTIARY  IN8KCT8  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


.:ii 


The  American  fossil  species  of  Agrion  which  are  represented  by  their 
wings  may  be  separated  as  follows : 

Table  of  the  tpeviei  of  Agrion. 

Four  aiitenodat  oelliiles  below  the  Hhurt  sector ;  aiiteiiodal  portion  of  tbe  ooata  scarcely  arched. 

^  \.  A.  mai<yiicen». 

Three  autenodal  celloles  below  the  short  sector;  auteuodal  portiou  of  the  costa  noticeably  arched. 

i.  A.  exaularii. 

1.    AgHION   MA8CE8CEN8. 
PI.  13,  Pigs.  8,  9. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  pretty  well  preserved  specimen  and 
its  reverse  showing  most  of  the  body,  a  part  of  the  legs  and  the  wings,  but 
the  latter  confused  by  the  overlying  of  those  of  one  side  upon  those  of  t'^o 
other.  The  head  is  preserved  only  enough  to  show  its  form,  which  has 
nothing  peculiar,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  the  thorax.  Seven  joints  of 
the  slender  abdomen  are  preserved,  the  secor.d  of  which  indicates  that  the 
specimen  is  a  male.  The  head  and  thorax  with  the  legs  are  black,  but  the 
abdomen  is  colorless;  the  legs  are  doubled  up,  the  femora  about  as  long  as 
the  breadth  of  the  head,  and  the  tibial  spines,  of  which  there  are  seven  or 
eight  in  a  row,  are  a  little  shorter  than  the  interspaces  between  adjacent 
ones  The  wings  are  scarcely  depressed  at  the  nodus,  the  antenodal  por- 
tion of  the  costal  margin  almost  straight,  hyaline  with  black  veins,  the 
pterostigma  normal,  rhomboidal,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  alike  on  both 
wings,  the  only  difference  being  in  a  slightly  greater  obliquity  of  the  outer 
and  inner  margins  (and  especially  of  the  outer)  and  the  slightly  shorter 
lower  margin  in  the  front  wing ;  very  pale  fuliginous,  fading  out  towards 
the  margins,  margined  vrith  heavy  blackish  veins,  surmounting  a  single 
cellule.  The  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  originates  far  before  the  basal 
postcostal  nervute,  which  is  situated  slightly  nearer  the  second  than  the  first 
antecubital  nervule.  The  arculus  is  directly  beneath  the  second  antecubital 
nervule.  There  are  apparently  eleven  postcubitals  on  the  fore  wing  and 
there  are  ten  on  the  hind  wing.  Quadrilatera'  "-f  the  fore  wings  with  the 
inner  and  upper  side  of  similar  length  and  half  as  long  as  the  lower  side ; 
on  the  hind  wings  the  inner  side  is  considerably  shorter  than  the  upper,  and 
the  latter  nearly  three-fifths  the  length  of  the  lower ;  four  antenodal  cellules 
below  the  short  sector ;  the  petiolatior  begins  unusually  near  the  base  of  the 
wing  or  considerably  before  the  first  antecubital  nervure.     The  nodal  orig- 


NEUBOPTEIIA— ODONATA— AGRIONINA. 


13d 


inates  rather  less  than  half-way  from  the  nodus  to  the  pterostignia ;  the  sub- 
nodal  terminates  quite  beyond  the  extreme  tip  of  the  pterostigma,  the 
median  below  its  tip,  the  short  sector,  which  ends  in  a  zigzag  course,  before 
the  pterostigma  and  below  the  origin  of  the  ultranodal ;  the  superior  sect(  r 
of  the  triangle,  which  is  straight  to  the  tip,  midway  between  the  origin  o^ 
the  nodal  and  the  pterostigma ;  and  the  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle,  which 
becomes  zigzag  a  little  beyond  the  nodus,  terminates  a  little  before  the  last. 

Length  of  wings,  21.3°"";  breadth,  4.6'"";  distance  from  nodus  to  base, 
7.25™™;  toarculus,  3.4™™;  to  center  of  pterostignia,  12.5'"";  breadth  of  head, 
3.5"™;  diameter  of  eyes,  1.25™";  length  of  thorax,  6"'™;  of  femora,  3™™;  of 
tibial  spines,  0.25"™;  of  abdomen  (seven  joints),  24.5"™;  of  first  joint,  0.6™"'; 
second,  1.8™™;  third,  4.4"" ;  fourth,  6™";  fifth,  4.6"™;  sixth,  4.6™";  seventh, 
3.4™";  width  of  last,  1.2"'". 

While  the  venation  of  the  wing  proves  that  this  in«ect  belongs  in  the 
legion  Agrion,  the  unusually  short  petiolatiun  of  the  wirg  shows  that  it 
can  not  be  referred  to  Telebasis,  and  the  short  spines  of  the  tibiiu  that  it  can 
not  be  an  Argia.  To  which  of  the  numerous  subgenera  of  Agrion  it  should 
be  referred  can  not  be  determined  at  present,  but  from  the  apparent  want  of 
postocular  spots  and  the  early  origin  of  the  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle 
it  would  appear  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  Am|)hiagrion  or  else  to  Pyrrho- 
soma  or  Erythromma.  If  to  the  former  its  affinities  are  with  tropical 
American  forms ;  if  to  the  latter  with  temperate  forms  of  either  hemisphere. 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  6824,  7158. 

•     2.  Agrion  exsulabis. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  6. 

A  single  nearly  perfect  wing  differs  so  sHghily  from  A.  mascescens 
that  it  would  appear  to  belong  to  the  same  restricted  genus,  although  from 
our  ignorance  of  the  length  of  its  tibial  spines  it  might  be  considered  an 
Argia.  The  wing,  which  is  apparently  an  upper  one,  is  a  little  depressed 
at  the  nodus,  the  antenodal  portion  of  the  costal  margin  being  somewhat 
arched,  hyaline  with  black  veins,  the  pterostigma  normal,  rhomboidal, 
slightly  longer  than  broad,  the  outer  and  inner  margins  considerably 
oblique,  the  outer  perhaps  the  more  so,  fuliginous,  margined,  especially 
within,  with  heavy  black  veins,  surmounting  rather  more  than  one  cellule. 
The  inferior  sector  of  the  triangle  originates  before  the  basal  postcostal  nerv- 


140 


TERTIARY  INSKOTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


ule  or  juHt  beneath  the  tit'Ht  nntecubital ;  the  petiolutiuii  therefore  begiiiH  >it 
thia  point;  the  bumil  |)OHM-oHtal  Hoh  midway  between  the  two  antecubitaJH; 
the  arcuhtH  in  directly  beneath  tlie  ueeond  antecubital  nervnle ;  there  are 
eleven  poHtcubitalH ;  (|uadrilateral  with  itn  inner  Hide  Hcarcely  shorter  than 
its  upper,  the  latter  halt' ax  lon^  as  the  lower  side;  three  antenodal  celluleo 
below  the  short  sector.  The  ultranodal  originates  oidy  two  cellules  before 
the  pterostignia  ;  the  nodal  at  scarcely  less  than  half-way  from  the  nodus  to 
the  pterostignia ;  the  subnodal  terminates  just  below  the  tip  of  the  ptero- 
stignui,  the  median  below  its  middle ;  the  short  sector,  which  has  a  zigza^ 
course  in  the  outer  fourth  of  the  wing,  terminates  apparently  below  the 
base  of  the  pterostigma  or  scarcely  short  of  it. 

Length  of  wing,  21.(55""°  (the  extreme  l)a8e  is  not  represented  in  the 
plate,  although  part  of  it  is  preserved) ;  breadth,  4.35°"" ;  distance  from 
nodus  to  base,  7.65""" ;  to  arculus,  3.5""' ;  to  center  of  pterostigma,  12,5"'"'. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  principally  in  the  longer  petio- 
lation  of  the  wing,  the  arching  of  the  base  of  the  costa,  the  number  of  ante- 
nodal  cellules  beyond  the  quadrilateral,  and  the  more  apical  termination  of 
the  upper  aectors. 

Florissant.    Ono  specimen,  No.  8146. 


:i: 


il 


Agrion  telluris. 

PI.  13,  Fig.  10. 

Two  nymphs,  evidently  belonging  to  the  same  species,  have  been  found, 
and,  considering  the  impossibility  of  determining  to  which,  if  any,  of  the 
species  of  Agrionina  found  in  the  perfect  state  they  belong,  they  are  treated 
as  distinct,  following  the  precedent  set  by  Heer,  and  followed  by  others. 
The  head  is  full,  well  rounded  in  front,  squarely  truncate  and  a  little  angu- 
lated  behind,  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  scarcely  broader  than  the 
thorax ;  the  antennae,  or  such  parts  as  are  preserved,  are  very  slender,  a 
little  shorter  than  the  head,  the  basal  joint  twice  as  stout,  about  twice  as  long 
as  broad.  The  legs  are  very  long  and  slender,  especially  the  hinder  pair, 
which  would  reach  to  the  base  of  the  antepenultimate  abdominal  joint ;  the 
femora  are  narrowly  and  equidistantly  four  times  barred  with  dark  bands, 
the  extreme  bands  at  base  and  apex  ;  the  tibiae  are  less  than  half  as  broad 
as  the  femora  and  have  a  broader  median  dusky  band.  The  dark  wing  pads 
ave  long  and  slender,  twice  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen,  and  less 


NEUROPTERA-ODONATA— /KSOIININA. 


141 


than  half  aH  broad,  nearly  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  third  abdominal 
HegnuMit.  The  abdomen  is  o(|iial,  scarcely  tapering  apically,  the  joints  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  entire,  not  excepting  the  last.  The  caudal  flaps  or  tracheal 
pads  are  considerably  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  middle 
one,  showing  on  the  left  in  Fig.  10,  long,  slender,  fusiform,  pointed  apically, 
largest  a  little  beyond  the  middle ;  the  lateral  pair  are  much  larger  and 
asymmetrical,  the  inner  flange,  or  the  portion  of  the  tracheal  pad  lying 
within  the  niedian  rod,  being  subequal,  but  broiidest  just  before  the  tip,  as 
broad  throughout  as  the  broadest  part  of  one  flange  of  the  median  flap  ;  the 
outer  flange  gradually  expanding  with  a  slight  convexity  from  the  base  to  a 
little  beyond  the  middle,  where  it  is  twice  as  broad  as  the  opposite  flange, 
and  then  tapering  rapidly,  regularly,  and  with  a  scarcely  perceptible  con- 
cavity, to  the  tip  of  the  median  rod ;  the  edges  of  the  pads  are  delicately 
denticulate,  distantly  on  the  expanding  basal  portions,  more  densely  on  the 
apical  tapering  parts  and  especially  on  the  outer  edges  of  the  lateral  pads, 
the  denticulations,  like  the  mcilian  ribs,  being  black. 

Length  of  body  (excln  ling  terminal  flaps),  21""";  of  front  femora, 
3.25"'"' ;  middle  femora,  3.25""" ;  hind  femora,  fV"" ;  hind  tibia;,  6.25™™ ;  hind 
tarsi,  2  25""";  wing  pads,  6.5""";  breadth  of  head,  3.5"™ ;  thorax,  3™™  ;  base  of 
abdomen,  2.65™™ ;  tip  of  same,  2.1'"™ ;  length  of  terminal  flaps,  7.5"" ; 
breadth  of  lateral  flaps,  2™". 

In  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  of  the  larva;  of  Agrionida;  it  is 
impossible  to  indicate  with  any  certainty  the  position  of  this  nymph.  The 
absence  of  any  sign  of  the  mask,  too,  will  remain  a  difficulty  when  we  are 
more  familiar  with  the  living  forms,  but  the  small  size  of  the  head  and  the 
shape  of  the  antenna;  and  caudal  flaps  will  afford  good  points  for  comparison. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  13525,  14174. 

Tribe  ^ESCHNINA  Hagen. 

This  gi'oup  of  larger  Odonata  seems  to  have  been  less  richly  endowed 
with  species  and  genera  than  the  other  families  both  in  past  times  and  at 
present.  The  most  recent  study  of  the  group  by  de  Selys,  which  has  just 
appeared,  divides  the  ^Eschnida;  proper  into  five  genera  and  twenty-three 
subgenera,  of  which  ^schna,  with  more  than  half  the  subgenera,  embraces 
more  than  half  the  one  hundred  and  fifty  known  recent  species  and  is  cos- 
mopolitan.   It  also  embraces  all  the  known  fossils  from  the  Tertiaries, 


M 


142 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


f^" 


excepting  one  from  Radoboj,  an  Anax,  first  described  as  ^schna  metis  by 
Heer.  Four  fossil  species  are  known  from  the  Old  World  and  two  are  here 
described  from  the  New.  Of  the  Old  World  types  one  is  merely  mentioned 
by  Hagen  as  found  in  amber  and  is  represented  only  by  the  tip  of  a  wing. 
A  second,  from  Bornemouth  in  England,  has  been  figured  by  Goss  without 
a  name.  It  appears  to  belong  to  the  subgenus  Basiseschna,  but,  as  it  is  cer- 
tainly incorrectly  drawn  in  some  particulars,  it  may  be  in  those,  such  as 
the  simplicity  of  the  subnodal  sector,  upon  which  this  suggestion  is  based. 
Tlie  other  two,  VEschna  polydore  and  M.  tyche  from  Oeningen,  were 
described  nearly  thirty -five  years  ago  by  Heer,  and  are  certainly  very  closely 
allied,  though  distinct,  as  Heer  pointed  out.  They  seem  to  belong  pretty  cer- 
tainly to  JEschna  s.  s.,  and  are  apparently  not  for  removed  from  the  European 
M.  mixta  Latr.,  as  I  judge  from  direct  comparison-.;  with  the  entire  series 
referred  by  de  Selys  to  ^schna  s.  s.,  whi'sh  I  h'tve  had  the  opportunity 
of  studying  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  through  the  favor  of  Dr.  Hagen. 
Heer  also  directly  compares  the  former  to  that  species,  as  I  subsequently 
noted.  Our  independenily  formed  opinions  have  therefore  completely  coin- 
cided. These  two  species  are  also  very  nearly  allied  to  one  of  the  Ameri- 
can forms,  which,  however,  more  closely  resembles  a  common  American 
species,  M.  constricta  Say.  The  otlier  American  fossil  belongs  to  BasijE- 
schna.  The  resemblance  of  the  Tertiary  aeschnid  fauna  of  Europe  and 
America  appears  therefore  to  have  been  tolerably  close.  (September, 
I'^SS.) 

^SCHNA  Fabricius. 


ri? 


All  the  fossil  ^schnina  known,  excepting  one  (an  Anax),  belong  to 
jEschiia,  two  European  und  one  American  to  ^Eschna  proper,  and  one 
from  each  country  to  BasiiBschna. ' 

The  specie?  of  ^Eschna  from  Floi'issant  known  by  their  v/ings  may  be 
separated  thus : 

Table  of  the  subgenera  of  .J>:(ichna. 

Subnodal  Ncctiir  Torked,  its  upper  Turk  geparateil  from  the  uoinl  by  a  single  row  of  cells;  pterostignia 
hardly  more  than  three  tiniOH  as  king  as  broad  and  only  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  space  between 
it  and  the  uodua 1.  yHnchna  $.  s. 

Subnodal  sector  simple,  separated  from  the  nodal  by  three  rows  of  cells;  pterostignia  four  or  ttve 
times  us  long  as  broad,  more  than  one-third  as  lung  as  the  space  between  it  and  the  nodus. 

2.  Hneifiichna, 

1  Vide  supra. 


IIPIPIPI' 


m^mmWfr 


NBUROPTERA— ODONATA— ^SCHNINA. 


143 


1.  Subgenus  -iIEschna  Selys. 

This  group  of  the  genus  ^achna  is  a  cosmopolitan  one,  and  includes 
a  larger  proportion  of  the  species  than  any  other.  To  it  belong  two 
European  and  one  American  fossil  species,  all  closely  allied,  but  the 
European  more  nearly  related  to  an  existing  European  species,  JE.  mixta, 
the  American  to  an  existing  American  species,  JE.  constricta,  than  to  any 
others. 

.^SCHNA   (^SCftNA)    80LIDA. 

PI.  13,  Pig.  1. 

A  remarkabl)'  well  preserved  front  wing,  the  extreme  base  only  lost 
Wing  of  rather  small  size  and  rather  slender,  the  middle  line  of  the  basal 
half  bent  at  a  slight  angle  with  that  of  the  apical  half;  tip  of  the  wing  uni- 
formly rounded ;  nodulus  above  the  principal  sector  strongly  and  rather 
regularly  curved,  much  nearer  the  pterostigma  than  the  base ;  nodal  sector 
curved  rather  gently  upward  in  the  middle  portion  of  its  course  but  termi- 
nating some  distance  below  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  subnodal  sector  forked 
widely  a  little  before  the  pterostigma,  the  upper  fork  turning  abruptly 
upward  at  its  origin;  the  intercalated  sector  between  the  subnodal  and 
median  forked  below  the  base  of  the  pterostigma,  its  upper  fork  also  curved 
upward  and  separated  at  tip  from  the  lower  fork  of  the  subnrdal  by  only  a 
single  row  of  cells,  as  usual ;  median  and  short  sectors  separated  in  the 
apical  half  (or  less)  by  a  double  row  of  cells  in  the  discoidal  rield  below  the 
triangle,  first  two,  then  three,  and  afterwards  four  or  five  rows  of  cells  irreg- 
ularly disposed.  Pterostigma  scarcely  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the 
inner  and  outer  margins  very  oblique  and  parallel ;  color  blackish  castane- 
ous,  the  bordering  veins  black.  Antecubitals  more  than  twenty-two  (prob- 
ably about  twenty-five),  postcubitals  fifteen. 

Length  of  wing  more  than  4 1""°  (probably  44""");  breadth,  10.5""";  dis 
tance  from  nodulus  to  base  of  pterostigma,  IS'"" ;  length  of  pterostigma,  4""". 

This  species  plainly  belongs  to  the  siibgenus  J^schna.  By  favor  of 
Dr.  Hagen  I  have  compared  it  directly  with  all  tiie  species  referred  by 
Selys  to  that  group,  excepting  a  couple  of  rare  forms,  and  unquestionably 
it  is  most  closely  allied  to  JE.  constricta,  thougli  closely  resembling  JE. 
marchali.  Indeed,  the  resemblance  to  JE.  constricta  is  closer  than  I  have 
yet  found  between  any  well  preserved  Florissant  insect  and  any  living 


1 


144 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


II 


type ;  it  agrees  better  with  it  than  JE.  constricta  does  with  any  other  living 
form.     The  nodal  sector  of  M.  solida  is  not  so  strongly  curved  as  in  JE. 
constricta,  ^.vA  the  pterostigma  of  the  fossil  is  slightly  longer ;  these  are  the 
most  important  distinctions  that  were  noted. 
Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  8347. 

2.  Subgenus  Basi^schna  Selys. 

As  was  stated  in  the  general  remarks  under  -^schnina,  Goss's  unnamed 
^schnid  from  Bornemoutli,  England,  probably  belongs  to  this  group ;  an 
interesting  fact  since,  so  far  as  I  know,  it  is  exclusively  an  American  group, 
and  one  of  our  own  fossils  falls  therein.  It  is  the  only  subgenus  of  .lEschna 
besides  ^schna  proper  which  is  known  in  a  fossil  state. 

jEschna  (Basi-eschna)  separata. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  15. 

A  complete  front  wing  and  its  reverse  broken  near  the  course  of  the 
median  secto.  and  the  part  below  crowded  up  against  the  upper  portion,  so 
as  to  confuse  the  parts  next  the  line  ^f  fracture. 

The  wing  is  of  rather  small  size,  rather  slender  and  straight ;  the  tip 
is  slightly  angulated  rather  below  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  nodulus  placed 
at  almost  two-thirds  the  distance  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma,  scarcely 
directed  backward  above  the  subcostal,  below  that  straight,  directed  some- 
what forward  and  reaching  the  subnodal ;  nodal  sector  curved  rather 
strongly  and  somewhat  rapidly  upward  in  the  middle  part  of  its  course, 
terminating  a  little  distance  below  the  tip  of  the  wing;  subnodal  sector 
simple  and  beyond  the  base  of  the  pterostigma  siibparallel  to  the  nodal ; 
the  intercalated  sector  between  the  subnodal  and  the  median  simple, 
but  curved  in  the  course  of  what  would  be  the  superior  foi-k  if  it  were 
branched,  and  even  more  strongly  curved  than  in  iEschna  solida ;  median 
and  short  sectors  separated  apically  by  a  double  row  of  cells,  but  to  how 
far  from  the  margin  can  not  be  seen ;  in  the  discoidal  field  below  the  tri- 
angle there  are  at  first  two,  then  three,  and  afterwords  four  or  five  rows  of 
cells,  the  last  arranged  in  somewhat  obscure  oblique  series.  Pterostigma 
five  times  as  long  as  broad,  both  outer  and  inner  margin  very  oblique,  but 
the  outer  much  more  so  than  the  inner ;  the  color  uniform  pale  clay  brown, 
but  the  thickened  bordering  veins  black.  Antecubitals  twenty-three,  post- 
cubitals  thirteen. 


' 


' 


':. 


NEUKOPTERA— ODONATA— LIBELLULINA. 


145 


^ 


Length  of  wing,  44™"';  breadth,  10.2""";  distance  from  base  to  noduhis, 
21.5°™;  from  noduUxs  to  base  of  pterostigma,  13.2°"';  length  of  ptero- 
stigma,  ")"'"■. 

This  species  differs  from  JR.  solida  in  its  more  pointed  tip,  straighter 
form,  simple  subnodal  sector,  which  is  separated  from  the  nodal  by  three 
rows  instead  of  one  row  of  cells,  and  by  the  greater  approximation  of  the 
nodulus  to  the  pterostigma  as  well  as  by  the  greater  length  of  tlie  latter. 

It  is  very  closely  related  to  iEschna  janata  Say,  which  Selys  makes 
the  type  of  his  Iksiaiscfnia.  The  nodal  sector  has  precisely  the  same 
curve  just  before  the  pterostigma,  and  it  differs  mainly  in  the  more  arcuate 
tip  of  the  principal  nervule  intercalated  between  the  subnodal  and  median 
sectors. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  8164  and  11693. 

-^SCHNA  LARVATA. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  11. 

A  single  specimen  of  a  larva  has  been  found  belonging  to  this  genua 
and  not  improbably  belonging  to  one  of  the  species  descriljod;  but  as  this 
can  not  from  the  nature  of  the  case  be  determined  it  will  he  best  to  give  it 
a  distinct  niinio  for  ready  reference.  The  front  half  of  the  body  is  rather 
obscure,  but  the  outline  show  ;  the  form  with  sufficient  distinctness.  The 
body  is  largest  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  scarcely  decreasing  in  size 
anteriorly,  l>ut  posteriorly  narrowinjr  .somewhat  rapidly  beyond  the  fourth 
abdominal  segment;  the  outer  edges  of  the  posterior  borders  of  the  seg- 
ments are  not  produced ;  the  three  anal  valves  are  disli  tly  seen,  are  very 
slender  and  finely  pointed ;  one  of  the  legs  is  preserved,  showing  that  it  is 
slender  and  of  the  usual  form. 

Length  of  l)ody,  34.5°°;  breadth  in  middle  of  abdomen,  7.5°°;  at 
base  of  al)domen,  6"'°;  at  base  of  anal  valves,  2.5°'";  length  of  latter, 
3  25'"° ;  of  femur  of  hind  (!)  leg,  6°"' ;  of  tibia,  4.5™"' ;  of  tarsi,  4.25'"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1816. 

Tribe  LIBELLULINA  Hagen. 

A  small  number  of  species  of  this  tribe  occur  in  the  P^uropean  Ter- 
tiaries. 

VOL  XIII 10 


■- 

'I 


146 


TEBTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMERICA. 


LlBELLlILA   Sp. 

PL  «,  Figs.  4,  16. 

(LibelluHna)  Soudd.,  Ball.,  U.  S.  Oeol.  Googr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  775  (1878). 

Fragments  of  an  abdomen  in  obverse  and  reverse  are  probably  to  be 
referred  to  Libbiuila  only  in  the  broadest  possible  sense,  but  they  are  insuffi- 
cient to  give  further  determination.  They  evidently  represent  four  or  five 
of  the  terminal  segments  of  the  bodj'',  there  being  first  three  segments  of 
equal  breadth  and  a  similar  length,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  a  slight 
median  carina ;  and  then  three  others  without  a  median  carina  and  wilh 
continually  decreasing  1  ^^th,  the  first  of  them  (probably  the  eighth  seg- 
ment) half  as  long  as  the  preceding,  but  of  the  same  width ;  the  next  half 
as  long  as  the  one  which  precedes  it,  but  narrower,  and  the  last  still  narrower 
Cbut  imperfect). 

Length  of  the  fragment,  20°"";  of  its  third  (seventh?  abdominal)  seg- 
ment, 4.5°"" ;  breadth  of  same,  3.5. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4175  and  4176. 


It 


Suborder  PLANIPENNIA  Burmeister. 

The  collections  obtained  at  Florissant  embrace  eight  genera  and  thir- 
teen species  of  planipennian  Neuroptera.  All  of  the  species  and  four  of  the 
genera  are  new,  and  belong  to  four  families.  The  Raphidiida;  are  the  most 
numerous,  embracing  Raphidia,  with  a  single  species,  and  Inocellia  with 
four ;  the  species  referred  to  Raphidia  hardly  belongs  to  it  in  a  strict  sense, 
since  the  costal  vein  is  excessively  short,  there  are  no  costal  veinlets,  and 
the  sectors  do  not  originate  obliquely  from  the  radius,  but  more  indirectly 
by  transverse  veins ;  all  the  species  of  Inocellia,  which  fixU  into  two  sections, . 
difi'er  from  living  types  and  also  from  the  species  found  in  Oligocene  amber 
of  the  baltic  in  having  no  transverse  series  of  regular  discoidal  areoles  be- 
low the  pterostigma.  A  single  species  of  Osmylus  represents  the  Heme- 
robidap,  and  diff'ers  from  living  forms,  as  does  also  the  aml)er  species,  in  the 
simple  character  of  the  costal  nervules,  the  much  smaller  number  of  sectors, 
and  the  linuted  supply  of  cross-veins  in  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  giving 
this  region  a  very  different  appearance  from  its  rather  close  reticnlation  in 
modern  types.  It  may  here  be  noticed  that  as  a  very  general  rule  the  neu- 
ration  of  the  wing  is  much  closer  in  modern  Planipennia  than  in  their  Ter- 
tiary representatives. 


NEUROPTERA— PLANJPENNIA. 


147 


lb 


I 


There  are  four  species  of  Clirysoi/ida^  referable  to  two  genera,  each  of 
them  extinct;  Chrysopidit  have  not  before  been  recognized  in  Tertiary  strata, 
the  single  species  poorly  figured  by  Andni,  and  never  carefully  studied, 
being  much  more  probably  ono  of  the  liemerobidju.  Those  two  genera, 
called  Pahvochrysa  and  Tribochrysa,  are  allied  to  the  living  Nothochrysa, 
but  differ  from  modem  types  in  the  zigzag  course  of  the  upper  cubital  vein, 
and  in  its  direction,  which  is  through  the  middle  of  the  wing,  as  well  as  by 
the  smaller  number  of  sectors  and  the  entire  absence  of  any  transverse 
series  of  gradate  veinlets ;  PaljEOchrysa  is  represented  by  a  single  sjiecies, 
Tribochrysa  by  three,  and  the  genera  differ  from  each  other  in  the  course 
of  the  upper  cubital  vein,  which  in  Palajochrysa  is  direct  and  bordered  by 
comparatively  uniform  cells,  while  in  Tribochrysa  it  is  doubly  bent  in  tho 
middle,  and  is  therefore  bordered  by  very  unequal  cells.  Two  species  of 
Panorpida?  have  been  found,  one  of  which  is  referable  to  a  new  genus,  Hol- 
corpa,  which  differs  from  Pauorpa  in  tho  entire  absence  of  cross-veins,  and 
is  remarkable  for  the  spots  6n  the  wings.  All  these  have  been  discovered 
at  Florissant  only.  No  planipennian  Neuroptera  have  been  found  in  the 
Green  River  shales,  but  the  Tertiary  beds  of  British  Columl^ia  have  fur- 
nished a  single  species  of  TIemerobidj«,  belonging  to  an  extinct  genus  allied 
to  Micromus,  and  which  I  have  called  Bothromicromus ;  and  we  have  re- 
mains of  one  of  the  Sialidai  from  ii>eds  of  Laramie  age  in  Colorado,  which  is 
introduced  here. 

The  number  of  species  of  Tertiary  Planipennia  is  nearly  doubled  by  the 
discoveries  already  made  in  the  American  Tertiaries,  but  the  families,  and  es- 
pecially the  genera,  are  very  differently  represented  on  the  two  continents ; 
thus  the  Raphidiidai  have  in  Europe  only  one  species  of  Inocellia,  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  Hemerobida;  show  one  or  more  species  each  of 
Nymphes,  Sisyra,  Hemerobius,  and  Osmylus.  The  Chrypopida?,  as  stated, 
are  unrepresented,  although  two  species  are  known  from  the  Jura.  The 
Panorpida^  have  one  species  of  Panorpa  and  three  of  Bittacus.  while  there 
are  also  two  species  of  Ascalaphus  and  one  each  of  Myrmeleon,  Chau- 
liodes,  and  Coniopteryx,  belonging  to  families  not  found  fossil  in  this  coun- 
try.    (September,  1883.) 


I 


148 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


II 


Family  SIALINA  Leach. 

This  family  ia  composed  of  two  grou]»s,  each  represented  in  our  rocks. 
As  they  differ  somewhat  remarkably  ia  history  and  distribution,  such  gen- 
eral remarks  as  can  be  made  will  appear  in  contrasting  the  statements  which 
follow  under  each. 

Subfamily  SIALID^E  Stephens. 

The  Sialida^  are  evidently  an  expiring  type.  A  considerable  number 
of  Paleozoic  forms  have  been  referred,  with  more  or  less  reason,  to  it  or  it.s 
vicinity,  and  certainly  the  resemblance  of  its  modern  genera  to  the  bulk  of 
the  ancient  neuropteroid  types  is  greater  than  can  be  affirmed  of  any  other 
modern  group.  Yet  even  in  the  Mesozoic  period  we  know  of  coniparati\'eh' 
few  examples ;  Hagen  refers  an  undescribed  species  from  the  Jura  to  Cory- 
dalus;  Westwood  figures  a  Sialium  from  the  Purbecks,  and  the  species  given 
here,  belonging  to  the  disputed  Laramie  beds,  is  known  only  by  its  egg- 
masses  ;  I  have  also  shown  that  the  larval  Mormolucoides  articulatus  Hitchc. 
from  the  Connecticut  River  sandstones  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  sialid.  In 
Tertiary  times,  where  the  number  of  insects  known  is  vastly  increased,  we 
find  no  greater  representation.  One  species  only,  Chauliodes  prisca,  from 
the  amber,  is  well  known ;  Gravenhorst  and  Burmeister  speak  of  a  Seniblis 
from  amber,  which  may  be  the  same  as  Ilagen's,  above  mentioned ;  and  an 
insect's  leg  from  Rott  has  been  doubtfully  referred  here.  No  species  of  this 
group  has  been  found  in  the  American  Tertiaries.  So  too  we  find  the  exist- 
ing species  very  meager  as  compared  with  other  families  of  Neuroptera ; 
but  that  some  existed  in  American  Tertiaries  can  not  be  doubted  by  any 
who  will  compare  our  huge  living  Cor3'dalus  with  the  still  more  gigantic 
Corydalites  from  the  Laramie  beds.     (September,  1883.) 


CORYDALITES  Sctulder. 

Corydalites  Scmlilor,  Bull.  IT.  S.  Geol.  Gcogr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  5:J7  (1878). 

The  egg-masses  thus  named  were  described  by  me  in  1878,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  publication  of  a  figure  of  one  of  them  in  Zittel's  Handbuch  der 
Pahvontologie,  in  1885,  that  their  existence  in  beds  of  quite  similar  age  in 
Eui-opo  was  recognized.  On  this  point  I  may  quote  from  a  letter  written  me 
by  the  Marquis  de  Saporta  in  May,  1 886  : 


NEIJROPTEUA— PLANIPENNIA— 8IALINA. 


149 


II  lu'a  Hufil  de  Jeter  leu  yeux  Hur  votre  figure  981  puur  reconnaitro  l'identit6  par- 
fuite  de  votre  Gorydalites  fecundiim  avec  des  corps  fossiles,  ayant  m^tne  aspect  et  rn^me 
composition  qai  out  ut6  recueillisen  assez  bon  uombre  et  par/aitement  coaaturv^a  dans 
uotre  terrains  tl  liguites  de  Fnveau  pres  d'Aix,  et  justeuient  ces  lignites  sont  mainte- 
nant  rapportes  universelleraent  au  Garumnieu  inf^rienr,  et  m€-me  plus  bas  an  Cam- 
panien,  c'est  ti  dire,  H  I'horizon  de  la  craie  supdrieure.  II  est  done  tr^s  int^ressant  de 
constater  la  presence  do  ces  uids  on  reunions  d'oeufs  de  Oorydalis,  au  m^me  niveau,  en 
Europe  comme  en  Anitiriqne  et  probablemeut  dans  les  inf'ines  conditions  de  d4pdt. 
Les  Gorydalites  fecunduin  ont  vtd  recueillis  lY  Trets  pres  de  Fnveau  dans  les  lits  char- 
bonueux  exploit^s,  oil  ils  se  trouvent  associ^s  il  des  feuilles  de  Nelumbium.  II  est 
ra^me  visible  que  ces  Nelumbium  ont  v6cu  sur  place  et  les  Gorydalites  out  du  vivre 
cdte  &  cdte  et  placer  lenrs  ueufs  dans  des  monies  lieux, 

Gorydalites  fecundum. 


PI.  4,  Figs.  5-7, 13-16, 18-21,  23. 

Corydalites  femmdum  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  537-540  (1878) ;  in  Zittel,  Handb. 
PaliBont.,  I,  II,  776,  Figs.  981b,  b  (1885);  White,  Rep.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  XI,  173-174 

(1879). 

Under  this  name  I  have  classed  an  insect  which  laid  some  remarkable 
egg-masses,  obtained  in  numbers  by  Dr.  C.  A.  White,  at  Crow  Creek,  fifteen 
miles  northeast  of  Greeley,  Colorado,  in  lignitic  beds  of  the  Laramie  group. 
These  egg-masses  are  five  centimeters  in  length  by  nearly  two  in  breadth 
and  one  in  height,  nearly  equal  throughout,  rounded  and  slightl}'  pointed 
at  the  tips,  and  of  a  dirty  yellowish  brown.  They  are  estimated  to  contain 
each  about  two  thousand  eggs  definitely  arranged,  and  coated  with  a  cov- 
ering of  what  was  presumably  albuminous  matter,  which  also  surrounds 
each  egg.  The  close  general  resemblance  of  these  eggs  and  of  their  clus- 
tering to  that  of  the  eggs  referred  by  Mr.  O.  V.  Riley  to  the  neuropterous 
genus  Corydalus^  leave  little  doubt  concerning  their  probable  affinities. 
Mr.  Riley's  description  is  as  follows : 

The  egg-mass  of  Gorydalus  coruntus  is  cither  broadly  oval,  circular,  or  (more  excep- 
tionally) even  pyriform  in  circumference,  flat  on  the  attached  side,  and  plano-convex 
[broadly  convex  is  doubtless  meant]  on  the  exposed  side.  It  averages  21'"">  in  length, 
and  is  covered  with  a  white  or  cream  colored  albamiiious  secretion,  which  is  goner- 
ally  splashed  around  the  mass  on  the  leaf  or  other  object  of  attachment.  It  contains 
from  two  to  three  thousand  eggs,  each  of  which  (PI.  4,  Figs.  17,  22)  is  1.3"'™  long  aud 
aL;out  one  third  as  wide  [he  figures  them  of  a  slenderer  form],  ellipsoidal,  translucent, 
sordid  white,  with  a  delicate  shell,  and  surrounded  aud  separated  from  the  adjoining 
eggs  by  a  thin  layer  of  the  same  white  albuminous  material  which  covers  the  whole. 
The  outer  layer  forms  a  compact  arch,  with  the  anterior  ends  pointing  inwards,  and 


'  It  has  been  suggested  tliat  these  may  belong  rather  to  Cliautiodes,  a  closely  allied  genus  of 
Neuroptera;  but  Mr.  Riley  declares  that  they  are  identical  with  those  found  in  the  bodyof  Corydalus, 


i 


150 


TRUTIARY  INSKOTS  OP  NORTH  AMKUICA. 


the  posterior  unda  showing  lii<e  fuint  dots  tbroiigb  the  white  coveriug.  Those  of  the 
marginal  row  lie  flat  on  the  attached  surface ;  the  others  gradually  diverge  outwardly, 
80  that  the  central  ones  are  at  right  angles  with  said  object.  Beneath  this  vaulted 
layer  the  rest  lie  on  a  plane  with  the  leaf,  those  touching  it  in  concentric  rows,  the 
rest  packed  in  irregularly.' 

In  the  fossil  oothoca  tliG  mass  is  much  larger  and  more  elongated,  and 
possesses  l)esides  one  characteristic  in  which  it  differs  strikingly  from  that 
of  Corydalns  (and  on  which  account  particularly  1  have  used  a  new 
generic  appellation),  viz,  the  division  of  its  mass  into  two  longitudinal 
and  equal  halves  by  an  albuminous  wall,  or  rather  by  double  albuminous 
walls,  which  may  be  parted  above,  leaving  as  the  only  connection  between 
the  two  halves  their  common  albuminous  floor.  There  are  indeed  a  few 
specimens  which  .show  no  sign  of  this  division,  but  a  median  furrow,  or  a 
deeper  and  more  con  ilete  separation  of  the  two  halves,  is  so  prevalent  that 
this  seems  to  bo  the  only  explanation  to  bo  offered  for  its  appearance. 
Their  absence  in  the  few  specimens  is  probablj'  duo  to  defect  of  preserva- 
tion. The  common  albuminous  floor  and  the  upper  and  outer  albuminous 
coating  are  of  remarkable  thickness,  varying  from  one  to  three  milli- 
meters ;  but  the  coating  attenuates  to  a  mere  lamella  as  it  passes  down  the 
median  furrow,  so  that  when  the  mass  remained  quiet  in  the  position  in 
which  it  was  laid,  the  lateral  halves  pressing  closely  against  each  other,  the 
combined  thickness  of  the  two  albuminous  walls  would  together  no  more 
than  equal  the  ordinary  thickness  of  tlie  albuminous  partition  l)etween  any 
two  contiguous  eggs.  That  such  a  partition  existed  even  in  those  which 
do  not  now  show  it  seems  probable  from  the  regularity  of  tlie  furrow  in 
every  instance  of  its  occurrence  and  by  its  prevalence ;  some  specimens 
merely  show  a  sharp  groove  along  the  middle,  the  halves  remaining  in 
complete  juxtaposition;^  others  again  are  so  completely  separated  as  to  be 
curled  over  and  meet  beneath  (Figs.  19,  23). 

This,  together  with  the  fiict  that  the  egg-mass  is  otherwise  extremely 
reguhar  (showing  only  so  little  plasticity  as  to  allow  one  broad  side  to  be 
straight,  while  the  opposite  is  a  little  convex)  and  never  exhibits  tlie  slightest 
tendency  to  coil  longitudinally,  leads  me  to  believe  that  the  egg-masses 
were  laid  in  the  water  of  shallow  basins,  upon  the  muddy  floors,  which 

'  Proo.  Am.  Assoc.  Ad.  Soi.,  vol.  i25,  pp.  277-278. 

'TheRO  speciinous  are  some  from  which  weatherin);  has  remoTed  their  outer  albuiiiinouH  cantin<;; 
perhaps,  if  this  had  remained,  the  farrow  would  have  been  concealed  by  the  complete  union  of  the 
attingent  albuminous  walls. 


mi 


NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA-SIALINA. 


151 


u. 


could  be  reached  by  the  abdomen  of  the  insect  while  resting  upon  a  stone 
or  overhanging  twig.  In  this  medium  the  albuminous  secretion  would  ex- 
pand to  the  utmost ;  if  the  bunch  of  eggs  remained  undisturbed,  it  would 
present  us  with  the  more  regular  hirudiniform  masses  that  have  been  found ; 
if  rolled  about  by  the  disturbance  of  the  waters,  the  two  halves  would  curl 
toward  each  other  more  or  less  closely,  forming  a  subcylindrical  mass,  and 
inclose  between  their  approaching  walls  more  or  less  of  the  mud  in  which 
they  are  rolled.  This  is  exactly  the  appearance  of  most  of  them  now, 
inclosing  the  same  substances  as  that  within  which  they  and  the  accompany- 
ing Bulimi  and  other  fresh-water  mollusks  lie  embedded.' 

These  masses  differ  from  those  of  Corydalus  in  the  extraordinary  amount 
of  albuminous  matter  which  surrounds  both  the  entire  mass  (Fig.  16)  and 
each  individual  egg  (Fig.  7).  This  is  perhaps  to  be  explained  by  the 
medium  in  which  they  appear  to  have  been  laid,  and  will  in  part  account 
for  the  vast  size  of  the  ootheca,  which  are  much  larger  than  any  mass  of 
insect  eggs  which  I  can  find  noticed.  The  size  of  the  mass,  however,  is 
also  due  to  the  greater  magnitude  of  the  eggs  themselves,  which  are  twice 
as  long  as  and  proportionally  larger  than  those  of  Corydalus  (Figs.  17,  21), 
and  lead  to  the  conviction  that  we  are  to  look  in  the  rocks  of  the  Laramie 
Group  for  an  insect  of  great  magnitude,  closely  allied  to  our  Corydalus, 
itself  the  largest  of  all  known  Sialina.  It  can  hardly  be  doubted  that  it 
must  have  been  at  least  double  the  size  of  the  living  type.  The  number  of 
eggs  laid  is  about  or  nearly  the  same  as  in  Corydalus,  presuming,  in  either 
case,  all  to  be  laid  at  once. 

Compared  with  the  eggs,  the  albuminous  substance  surrounding  them 
13  much  softer,  more  or  less  friable,  and  easily  removed,  being  every  where 
composed  of  fibers  running  in  the  same  direction  as  the  longitudinal  axis 
of  the  egg.  The  weathering  of  the  specimens  has  been  snoh  that  in  sev- 
eral instances  the  whole  albuminous  cap  has  been  removed,  and  in  others  a 
large  part  also  of  the  interovular  partitions,  leaving  the  eggs  standing  erect, 
each  separated  from  its  neighbors  by  from  one-third  to  one-half  its  own 
thickness.  In  many  cases  the  eggs  can  be  pulled  from  their  cells ;  and,  al- 
though frequently  flattened,  they  may  be  studied  almost  as  well  as  if  living. 

The  eggs  (Fig.  21)  have  an  average  length  of  2.6™"'  and  a  central 

'The  deposit  in  which  they  occur  is  a  fresh- water  one;  but  Mr.  Lcsqnerenx  informs  me  that  brackieh- 
water  forms  are  foond  both  above  and  below  them.  For  details  concerning  the  age  of  the  deposit  and 
the  fossils  associated  with  Corydalites,  see  the  article  by  Dr.  C.  A.  White,  quoted  above. 


152 


TfcJKTIAUY  INSK(!T8  OF  NORTH  AMEllICA. 


!    ! 


1   i 


V 


iilf! 


width  of  0.6""" ;  thoy  uro  noarl}-  cNlliulrlcal,  but  fiiiiitly  arcuato,  slightly  at- 
tomiated  at  the  anterior  cxtroniity,  and  slightly  tumid  on  tho  posterior  half, 
at  the  tip  of  which  they  taper  rapidly,  rounding  off  to  a  rather  broadly  con- 
vex extremity,  which  is  flattened  or  often  sunken  in  a  circular  central  space 
0.1"'"'  in  diameter  (Fig.  7),  outside  of  which  the  surface  is  rather  profusely 
filled  with  very  shallow,  obscure,  circular  pits,  averaging  0.01'"'"  in  diameter. 
The  anterior  extremity  (Figs.  5,  fi)  terminates  in  a  slightly  elevated,  thin, 
subtuberculate  rim,  inclosing  a  terminal  portion,  whose  surface  gradually 
rises  centrally  to  form  a  truncated  cone,  and  is  pitted  with  saucer-liko  deptes- 
sions,  gradually  diminishing  in  size  up  the  sides  of  the  central  extension ; 
tho  latter  is  about  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  its  tip ;  its  extremity  (Fig.  18), 
O.O-l-O.OoS""""  in  diameter,  is  more  or  less  sunken,  with  a  central  circular 
pit  (the  micropyle)  0.01"°"'  in  diameter ;  while  tlio  rounded  margin  of  the  ex- 
tension is  made  more  or  less  irregular  by  the  saucer-like  depressions  which 
surmount  it,  but  have  now  become  of  extreme  miimteness. 

This  structure  of  the  anterior  extremity  of  tho  egg  agrees  with  what 
was  previously  known  of  tho  egg  of  Sialis,  but  no  mention  of  the  elevated 
point  was  made  in  Mr.  Riley's  description  of  the  egg  of  Corydalus.  It  oc- 
curs there,  however,  as  I  find  by  examination  of  eggs  he  has  kindly  sent  me. 
These  eggs  of  Corydalus  (Figs.  17,  22)  also  show  the  sunken  space  at  the  pos- 
terior end,  and  the  sides  of  the  egg  are  marked  nearly  as  in  the  fossil,  the 
surface  of  the  latter  being  broken  up  by  scarcely  elevated,  slight  ridges  into 
oljscure,  transverse,  hexagonal  cells,  one-tenth  of  a  millimeter  long  (across 
the  egg)  and  one-fifth  as  broad,  those  of  adjoining  rows  interdigitating. 

In  the  disposition  of  the  eggs  also  these  masses  differ  from  those  ot 
Corydalus,  for  they  are  arranged  in  a  radiating  manner  around  the  longi- 
tudinal axis  of  the  ootheca.  All  of  them  partsike  of  this  aiTangement 
even  when,  as  rarely  hapjjens,  there  are  two  layers  in  place  of  one  over 
parts  of  the  mass ;  in  no  case  are  any  of  the  eggs  packed  in  irregularly, 
as  is  the  case  with  a  portion  of  those  of  Corydalus,  according  to  Riley. 
As  in  Corydalus,  however,  the  posterior  ends  are  those  which  are  directed 
toward  the  upper  albuminous  coating,  which  in  many  cases  shows  very 
slight  subhexagonal  or  circular  depressions  or  elevations  corresponding  to 
the  position  of  the  extremity  of  the  egg  beneath,  just  as  in  Corydalus  the 
posterior  ends  of  the  eggs  show  "like  faint  dots  through  the  white  cover- 
ing."   The  outer  albuminous  coating  appears  in  tlie  fossil  to  be  made  up  of 


ft. 


1 


NKlJUOl'TKUA-I'LANIl'KNNIA— HIAIJNA. 


153 


1 


as  nuuiy  piirt«  a«  there  are  oggH,  tlio  iiitorovulai-  librmis  material  oxtciuling 
to  tlio  suifaco  of  tlio  ootliuca,  forming  walls  to  (loop  cells  which  contain 
eggs,  and  which  are  corked  up,  as  it  were,  l>y  plugs  of  albuminous  material. 
These  plugs  seem  to  he  very  similar  to  the  cell-walls,  having  boon  com- 
posed aj)parently  of  viscous  threads,  also  rumn'ng  in  the  same  direction  as 
the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  eg^i;;  but  in  some  cases  the  cell-walls  beyond 
the  eggs  have  become  blackened,  while  the  plugs  retain  their  normal  color 
and  separate  readily  from  them. 

When  the  egg-nmss  was  undisturbed,  the  outermost  eggs  lay  horizon- 
tally, and  those  next  the  median  furrow  vertically  (Fig.  IFi);  the  division 
walls  of  the  cells  were  therefore  thinnest  below,  and  it  appears  probable 
that  the  young  made  their  escape  at  the  bottom  of  the  median  furrow,  where 
the  outer  coating  is  also  thinnest,  though  not  so  presented  in  the  schematic 
figure.  Where  double  layers  occur,  the  eggs  of  the  upper  seem  to  bo  in  a 
direct  line  with  those  of  the  lower  layer,  egg  for  egg,  as  if  a  cell  of  double 
length  weri.  stocked  with  two  eggs,  separated  by  an  albuminous  partition, 
and  in  this  case  the  albuminous  floor  and  covering  are  thinn?r  than  usual, 
so  that  the  egg-mass  is  not  greatly  enlarged  nor  distorted.  When  two 
layers  were  thus  formed,  the  young  larva-  of  the  upper  layer  must  have 
escaped  through  the  emptied  cells  of  the  lower. 

It  only  remains  to  add  that  with  a  single  exception  these  masses  differ 
comparatively  little  in  size,  most  of  them  being  nearly  or  quite  five  centi- 
meters long,  although  some  scarcely  exceed  four  centimeters.  The  single 
exception  is  of  a  mass  only  a  little  more  than  fifteen  millimeters  long,  six 
millimeters  broad,  and  three  millimeters  high.  It  shows  no  furrow,  but 
may  represent  only  one  lateral  half  of  an  egg-mass,  as  the  walls  of  one 
side  are  steeper  than  those  of  the  other  and  look  like  the  sides  of  a 
median  furrow.  This  mass  is  so  small  that  only  by  presuming  one-half 
to  be  gone  and  the  albuminous  covering  to  be  thinner  than  usual  can  it 
be  regarded  as  belonging  to  the  same  species  with  the  others,  although 
evidently  of  a  similar  nature.  In  case  it  belongs  to  the  same  species,  it 
may  be  looked  upon  as  probable  that  a  female  usually  deposited  all  her 
eggs  in  a  single  bunch,  but  that  in  this  case  some  accident  preventing  it, 
the  remnant  was  subsequently  laid  in  n  mass  of  much  smaller  dimensions, 
one-half  of  which  is  preserved.     This  is  the  view  I  am  disposed  to  adopt. 

Crow  Creek,  near  Greeley,  Colorado  (Laramie  group).  Dr.  C.  A. 
White.     Many  specimens. 


> 


154 


TERTrAUY  IN9RCT8  OF  NORTH  AMRIUCA. 


\ 


u 


f 


i 
111 


i  ii 


f 


HublUiaily  ItAPI  III>lin/F<  Stopliens.  ' 
Hitherto  only  ono  HpecioH  of  thin  group  Ims  been  t'oiind  in  Tertiary 
beds,  and  its  imrlior  existence  is  unknown ;  this  single  instiinro  is  Inocellia 
erigena  from  amber.  Now,  however,  we  find  them  in  the  rocks  themselves, 
as  five  species  from  Florissant  are  before  us,  one  belonging  probably  to 
Raphidia,  the  others  to  Inocellia.  This  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  striking 
of  the  facts  yet  discovered  in  the  American  Tertiaries;  for  the  known 
species  of  this  family  not  only  are  exclusively  north  temperate',  but  almost 
exclusively  gerontogeic,  the  only  form  known  from  this  country  oast  of  the 
Sierra  Nevadas  being  a  (probably  introduced)  European  species ;  several, 
however,  are  known  from  the  west  coast,  whose  insect  fauna  is  well  known 
to  have  very  strong  European,  or  at  least  gerontogeic,  affinities.  A  point  of 
additional  interest  is  the  fact  that  so  many  species  of  Inocellia  are  found  and 
only  one  of  Raphidia  (and  that  doubtful),  when  Raphidia  is  very  rich  and 
Inocellia  very  poor  in  species  at  the  present  time.  As  already  stated,  the 
amber  species  is  also  an  Inocellia.     (September,  1883.) 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Eaphidiida: 

PteroBtigma  orossod  by  veinletg  and  therefore  composed  uf  more  than  one  cell;  wings  tbree  times  as 

long  as  liroa<l 1.  Raphidia, 

Pterostigma  composed  of  a  single  cell;  wings  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  l)roa<l 2  Inocellia, 

1.  RAPHIDIA  Linnd. 

The  single  spocies  referred  here  differs  considerably  from  modern  forms 
in  the  brevity  of  tlie  costal  vein,  the  absence  of  costal  trai  ;  erse  veinlets, 
and  other  features  of  the  neuration  which  render  its  reference  to  Raphidia 
doubtful.  It  can  not  be  referred  to  Inocellia  on  account  cf  the  structure  of 
the  pterostigma,  and  it  should  perhaps  be  considered  as  belonging  to  a  dis- 
tinct genus.     If  a  true  Raphidia  it  is  the  first  one  that  has  been  found  fossil. 

Raphidia  (?)  tkanquilla. 

PI.  14,  Fig.  2(S). 

A  single  specimen  in  which  the  head  is  wanting  and  the  four  wings 
are  overlapping ;  the  neuration  is  almost  exactly  similar  in  all  the  wings, 
and  they  are  of  equal  size,  but  for  the  sake  of  clearness  only  one  of  them, 
an  upper  Aving,  has  been  drawn  for  the  plate. 

>  It  was  by  error  that  I  allnded  to  these  genera  as  indicative  of  a  warmer  climate  for  ancient  t'loris- 
sant  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  V.  S,  Geological  and  Oeograpliicnl  Survey  for  1S7H,  p.  399. 


I 


NKIIROPTKRA— I'LANM'KNNIA-SIAIilNA. 


155 


Tlio  winj^H  Hio  coiiHidombly  longcM-  tlmn  the  uIkIoiuoh,  oviil,  romuletl 
at  the  tip,  with  a  ffently  coiivox  inner  nmigin  and  a  nearly  Htraijjfht  coHtal 
margin.  Tlio  neuration  is  distinct  and  black  and  in  thu  front  wingH  aH  fol- 
lows :  The  pteroHtignia  is  small,  Hemi-oval,  fidiginous,  deepening  centrally, 
Hitiiated  in  the  middle  of  tlut  apical  half  of  the  wing  at  the  costal  margin, 
cut  oblicjuely  by  a  curving  traiiHverso  voinlet  at  itH  outer  extremity.  The 
coHtal  margin  is  scarcely  expanded  at  the  base,  and  the  costal  vein  is  ex- 
ceedingly short,  terminating  in  the  margin  before  the  end  of  the  basal  third 
of  the  wing;  this  feature,  with  others  in  the  neuration  ami  the  total  absence 
(as  far  as  can  be  seen)  of  costal  transverse  ycinlets,  renders  it  doubtful 
whether  it  belongs  to  Raphidia  in  a  strict  sense  The  subcostal  vein 
therefore  forms  a  eonsiderable  part  of  the  costal  border  and  is  widely  sep- 
arated from  the  radius  and  connected  with  it  by  a  single  transverse  veinlet 
in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  sectors  do  not  arise  obliquely  from  the 
radius,  but  are  connected  with  it  by  straight  transverse  cross- veins,  making 
two  long  and  large  pentagonal  cells  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  beneath  the 
radius,  equally  broad  at  both  ends  There  are  three  long  discoidal  areolets, 
the  uppermost  narrow,  the  middle  one  shorter  than  the  others,  the  outer 
limits  of  all  of  them  nearer  to  the  apical  margin  than  to  the  iimer  limits, 
making  the  marginal  areoles  shorter  than  the  discoidal ;  all  the  areolets  of 
the  central  portions  of  the  wing  are  large,  being  few  in  number,  and  they 
approach  rather  near  the  margin,  with  which  they  are  connected  by  few, 
seldom  and  then  simply  furcate,  marginal  veinlets 

Lengthof  thorax,  1.85""°;  of  abdomen,  5.2""";  of  wing,  7.75""";  breadth 
of  latter,  2.55""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4383  (,?). 


2.  INOCELLIA  Schneider. 

The  occurrence  of  a  species  of  this  genus  in  amber  and  its  present 
existence  only  in  the  north  temperate  region  of  the  Old  World  and  of  our 
extreme  western  coast,  where  the  affinities  of  the  fauna  are  decidedly  Euro- 
pean, render  the  discovery  of  four  species  in  our  Colorado  Tertiaries  one  of 
special  interest.  It  is  curious,  however,  that  they  differ  not  only  from  the 
modern  forms,  but  also  from  the  amber  species,  I.  erigena  Menge,  in  lacking 
the  regular  arrangement  of  the  cells  below  the  pterostigma  to  form  a  trans- 
verse uniform  series  of  discoidal  areoles. 


1^ 


156  TERTIAKi   iNSECTg  OP  NORTD  AMERICA. 

The  species  may  be  sei)arated  thus  : 

Table  of  the  epeciet  of  InoceUia, 

Central  sector  '^f  the  fronc  wiug  (or  the  sector  wlr^cli  traverses  tlie  middle  of  the  wing  above  tbe  cu- 
bital veiis)  arisiuK  from  a  broken  series  of  trausverso  vei',  '<  connecting  tbe  radius  and 

anal  vein 1.  /.  veterana. 

Central  sector  of  the  front  wiug  arising  hi  the  angle  of,  and  bisecting,  the  basal  cell  formed  by  the 
Junction  of  the  radius  aud  it?  basal  brunch. 
Longitudinal  row  of  cdlls  below  thp  radius  of     inul  or  subeqiial  length. 

Front  wing  alnnt  two  and  a  h'ilf  times  longer  than  broad  ;  cells  just  above  tbe  cubital  cells 
no  longer  than  they  and  shorter  than  those  in  the  row  just  beneath  tne  radius;  pro- 
thorax  strongly  tapering.. 2.  /.  somnolenla. 

Front  wiug  more  tba.^  three  times  as  long  as  broad  ;  cells  just  above  the  cubital  cells  much 
longer  than  they  and  as  long  as  those  in  the  row  just  beneath  the  radius;  prothorax  eiiual. 

'^.  I.  Iiimulata. 
Loc,  itudini'l  ro<T  of  cells  next  below  the  radius  of  very  unequal  length 4.  /.  evenla. 

1.  Inocellia  VKTERANA. 
PL  14,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  found,  in  which  the  two  front  wings  are 
preserved  with  an  obscure  body,  lacking  the  head.  This  front  wing  is  con- 
siderably longer  than  thorax  and  abdomen  together,  nearly  four  times  as 
long  as  broad,  the  apical  margin  well  rounded,  not  at  all  produced.  The 
venation  is  distinct,  dark  castaneous ;  the  pterostigma  is  of  considerable 
size,  faint  castaneous,  about  ionr  times  as  long  as  broad,  ecpial,  terminated 
interiorly  by  a  transverse,  exteriorly  Ijy  a  very  oblique  nervule.  The  cos- 
tal margin  is  straight  from  the  base  to  the  pterostigma  with  no  expansion 
wliatever;  the  figure  of  the  right  wing  on  the  plate  is  incorrect  in  this  par- 
ticular, a  faint  expanded  vein  being  represented  where  none  exists.  The 
subcostal  vein  runs  ))arallel  with  the  costal  vein  in  the  basal  half  of  the 
wing,  and  is  connected  witl.  it  by  four  or  five  transverse  or  oblique  veinlets, 
then  suddenly  turns  upward  and  joins  it  nt  some  distance  before  the  ptero- 
stigma. The  radius  runs  parallel  to  the  costal  vein  throughout,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  subcostal  by  two  or  three  transverse  veinlets.  The  sectors, 
or  longitudinal  veins  of  the  central  portion  of  the  wing,  do  not  arise  at 
intervals  obliquely  from  the  radius  as  they  do  in  the  other  species,  as  well 
as  in  the  amber  I  eogena  and  in  modern  types,  but  together  form  a  broken 
transverse  veinlet,  curving  around  from  beyond  the  m'ddle  of  the  basal  half 
of  the  radius  to  the  anal  vein  and  at  intervals  from  the  upper  sector.  It 
seems,  therefore,  to  form  r,  somewhat  distinct  group  of  Inocellia.  There 
are  two  sectors  springing  from  the  first  sector,  one  in  the  middle,  the  other 


NEUROPTEBA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 


157 


ill  the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  of  the  ving ;  beyond  the  origin  of  the  first 
sector,  or  the  broken  set  of  transverse  veinlets  of  which  its  base  forms  the 
origin,  thero  are  four  or  five  very  long  subhexagonal  cells  just  below  the 
radius,  the  third  from  the  l)ase  reaching  the  middle  of  the  pteroatigma. 
The  number  of  sectors  is  so  large  that,  omitting  the  marginal  cells,  there 
are  six  radiating  series  of  cells  between  the  radius  and  the  anal  vein.  The 
cells  of  the  marginal  series  are  of  very  varying  size  and  shape,  but  the  vein- 
which  form  them  are  very  rarely  forked. 

Length  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  7.5""" ;  of  wing,  9""" ;  In-eadth  it" 
same,  25"""'. 

Florissant.  One  specimen.  No.  1.385,  obtained  by  the  Princeton  Expe- 
dition. 

2.  Inocellia  somnolenta. 

PI.  14,  Fig.  12  (  9  ). 

One  specimen  belonging  here,  with  its  reverse,  consists  of  a  'lead  and 
thorax  with  fragments  of  legs  and  wings,  among  the  latter  one  nearly  per- 
fect front  wing  overlying  part  of  a  hind  wing.  Tlie  head  is  slender  and 
very  long  oval  in  shape ;  the  thorax  stout  with  a  greatly  and  regularly 
tapering  prothorax  forming  anteriorly  a  very  slender  neck.  Front  wing 
well  rounded,  rather  broad  for  its  length,  though  its  exact  breadth  can  not 
be  told  from  the  broken  edges.  The  neuration  is  distinct  and  black,  the 
pterostigma  faint,  fuliginous,  long,  and  equal,  about  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  squarely  margined  basally,  obliquely  margined  distally.  The  costal 
margin  is  nearly  straight,  gently  and  slightly  expanded,  the  subcostal  vein 
terminating  upon  it  before  it  reaches  tlie  pterostigma  by  nearly  the  length 
of  the  latter.  Beyond  the  basal  cell,  which  is  bisected  by  the  last  sector, 
and  correspor.ds  to  the  cell  situated  within  the  broken  series  of  transverse 
vcinlets  in  I.  veterana,  there  are  immediately  below  the  radius  three  very 
long  subpentagonal  cells,  the  second  reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
pterostigma.  Omitting  the  cells  which  border  the  margin,  there  are  five 
radiating  series  of  cells  between  the  pterostigma  and  the  anal  vein ;  the 
cells  are  fairly  large,  varying  much  in  shape  but  rarely  more  than  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  the  terminal  veinlets  next  the  margin  frequently  and  widely 
forked. 


158 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTU  AMEKICJA. 


■1) 


Length  of  head,  2'"'" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.8'""' ;  length  of  thorax,  4.5'"'°; 
breadth  of  same,  2.4""";  breadth  of  neck,  0.3°"";  probable  length  of  pro- 
thorax,  2""";  its  breadth  at  base,  1.75""°;  length  of  fore  wing,  7°""  ;  its  prob- 
able breadth,  2.5"""'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  9373  and  10389. 

Another  specimen  shows  the  apical  half  of  two  overlapping  fore  wings, 
which  differ  so  little  from  the  preceding  that  I  place  it  here  at  least  provis- 
ionally ;  it  differs  principally  in  the  point  of  immediate  origin  of  one  of  the 
veins  terminating  in  the  apex,  which  in  the  specimen  first  described  origi- 
nates in  the  distal,  in  this  specimen  in  the  proximal  of  the  two  cells  imme- 
diately below  the  pterostigma. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2603. 


3.  Inouellia  tumulata. 


n  I 


PI.  14,  Fig.  15  (  3  ). 

The  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  in 
which  the  entire  body  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  four  wings  are  pre- 
served. The  head  is  obscure  and  ill-defined  in  part,  with  no  appendages 
))reserved,  obpyriform  in  shape,  being  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the 
anterior  half  or  about  three-fourths  the  length,  the  front  broadly  rounded, 
behind  tapering  rapidly,  so  that  the  base  is  narrower  than  the  narrow  neck 
formed  of  the  prothoracic  segment.  This  is  nearly  four  times  longer  than 
broad,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  head  and  apparently  equal,  though 
the  imperfection  of  the  part  renders  this  doubtful.  The  meso-  and  meta- 
thoracic  mass  is  robust,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the  Jiead,  while  the  abdo- 
men is  only  a  little  broader  than  the  head,  equal,  and  somewhat  longer 
than  the  rest  of  the  body.  The  legs,  excepting  the  fragment  of  a  hind 
femur,  are  not  preserved. 

The  wings,  and  especially  the  front  pair,  which  is  considerably  longer 
than  the  hind  pair,  are  longer  than  the  thorax  and  abdomen  together  and 
more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  One  front  wing  is  almost  entirely 
preserved  and  separate  from  the  others,  so  as  to  be  easily  studied;  the 
other  front  wing,  of  which  only  a  fragment  can  be  seen,  overlies  the  over- 
Inpping  and  reversed  hind  wings;  they  do  not  so  closely  overlap  as  to 
I'onfuso  the  neuration  greatly,  and  hence  nearly  the  whole  can  be  deter- 


-•?, 


NEUKOPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— SIALINA. 


169 


mined,  or  as  far  as  it  is  preserved.  The  front  wing  is  long  and  rather 
slender,  slightly  enlarging  apically,  so  as  to  be  broadest  at  the  inner  half 
of  the  pterostigma,  the  apex  well  rounded,  the  costal  margin  straight,  at 
base  broken  so  that  one  may  net  say  whether  the  wings  were  here  expanded 
or  not.  The  veins  of  the  front  wing  are  black,  of  the  hind  wings  blackish 
brown.  The  pterostigma  of  the  front  wings  is  of  moderate  size,  very  dark 
fuliginous,  its  proximal  margin  transverse,  its  distal  very  oblique ;  except- 
ing its  tapering  apical  portion,  it  is  nearly  equal  in  breadth  or  slightly  enlarg- 
ing in  the  middle  and  about  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  the  figure  is  here  not 
quite  correct.  The  subcostal  vein  is  straight  and  strikes  the  costa  at  a 
little  more  than  the  pterostigma's  distance  before  the  latter;  the  space 
between  it  and  the  costa  is  broken  by  oblique  cross- veins,  of  which  only 
one  remains  near  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  radius  runs  close  to  the 
subcostal  vein,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  a  single  transverse  vein  at  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  Beyond  the  basal  cell,  which  is  bisected  obliquely  by 
the  last  sector,  there  are,  just  below  the  radius,  three  moderately  long  pen- 
tagonal cells,  the  second  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  pterostigma. 
Omitting  the  marginal  cells,  there  are  six  radiating  series  of  cells  between 
the  pterostigma  and  the  anal  vein ;  the  cubital  cells  are  large  and  broad, 
being  not  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  while  all  the  other  large  cells 
of  the  wing  are  exceedingly  long  and  slender,  often  several  times  longer 
than  broad,  scarcely,  if  at  all,  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  ends,  the 
transverse  veins  being  comparatively  few;  the  terminal  veinlets  of  the 
apical  half  of  the  lower  border  are  simply  and  widely  forked. 

In  the  hill  '  wings,  the  lower  half  only  of  which  is  preserved,  all  the 
terminal  veinlets  appear  to  be  forked,  and  excepting  at  the  upper  part  of 
til'  apex,  the  sectors,  which  are  broadly  sinuous,  appear  to  be  very  rarely 
CO.  lected  by  transverse  veinlets  even  near  the  border;  at  least  almost  none 
can    0  detected. 

L,ength  of  Imdy,  ll.S""";  of  Lead,  1.8""';  breadth  of  .same,  1""";  length 
of  prothorax,  l.G""":  breadth  of  same,  0.35'""';  breadth  of  thorax,  1.7"""; 
length  of  abdomen,  5.75°"" ;  lireadth  of  same,  0.85"""' ;  length  of  fore  wing, 
9"""';  its  breadth,  2.7"'"'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  956  and  4330  (<?). 


160 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOllTll  AMliUKJA. 


4.  Inocellia  kventa. 

One  specimen  of  this  species  is  preserved  in  whicli  all  four  wings  closely 
overlapping  one  another  are  attached  to  a  partly  preserved  body  sufficiently 
preserved  to  judge  by  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  that  it  was  pi'obably  a 
male,  and  by  its  long  slender  and  equal  prothorax  that  it  did  not  differ  in 
this  respect  from  I.  tumulata.  Tlie  base  of  the  wings  is  too  obscure  for 
determination,  but  the  course  of  the  veins  renders  it  probable  that  the 
central  sector,  of  the  hind  wings  at  least,  arises  in  the  angle  of  the  basal  cell 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  radius  and  its  1)asal  branch ;  and  in  the  table 
it  has  accordingly  been  placed  in  that  division  of  the  genus.  The  general 
features  of  the  neuration  show  at  all  events  that  it  is  more  closely  allied  to 
I.  tumulata  than  to  any  of  the  others. 

In  another  specimen  the  wings  are  of  equal  length,  the  front  pair  very 
long  and  slender,  being  nearly  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  greatest 
breadth  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  hajf,  although  the  greater  part  of  the 
apical  half  is  subequal,  the  apex  well  rounded,  but  slightly  produced,  the 
costal  margin  straight  beyond  the  (obscure ^  l)ase.  The  veins  of  both  wings 
are  black.  The  pterostigma,  apparently  alike  in  both  wings,  is  blackish 
fuliginous,  of  moderate  size,  its  proximal  margin  transverse,  its  distal  very 
oblique,  forming  a  nearly  continuous  curve  with  its  slightly  convex  lower 
mai'gin,  the  whole  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  subcostal 
vein  is  gently  curved  and  strikes  the  costa  at  the  pterostigma's  distance  before 
the  latter;  the  space  between  it  and  the  costa  is  pretty  broad  and  filled  by  nu- 
merous straight  oblique  veins.  Below  the  radius  the  coll,  whose  distal  extrem- 
ity lies  just  beneath  the  termination  of  the  costo-subcostal  interspace,  is  excep- 
tionall}^  long,  being  nearly  double  the  length  of  the  cell  beyond  it,  and  the 
cells  which  lie  beneath  its  distal  extremity  are  bordered  externally  by  a  com- 
mon line  which  lies  beneath  the  proximal  end  of  the  pterostigma ;  the  lower 
of  these  two  cells  being  tlie  longer,  there  is  formed  an  oblique  series  of  large 
conspicuous  areoles  like  those  of  modern  species  but  more  distant  from  the 
apex  of  the  wing.  The  hind  wing  differs  from  the  front  wing  principally  in 
Ibrm,  the  a])ical  lialf  being  less  equal,  and  in  the  shortness  of  the  loi.g  sub- 
radial  ceP  of  the  front  wings,  which  is  no  longer  tlian  the  next  outside  of  it; 
the  series  of  cross-veins  originating  above  at  the  middle  of  the  pterostigma 
is  more  broken,  but  falls  wholly  without  the  {>roximal  eml  of  the  ptero- 
stigma, so  that  the  three  areoles  form  a  vertical  instead  of  an  oblicpie  series; 


NEUUOPTKKA— PLANIPENNIA— HKMKROBINA. 


161 


the  cubital  cells  can  not  be  determined  in  the  front  wing,  but  are  apparently, 
as  here,  pretty  large  and  broad  and  rarely  if"  ever  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
while  nearly  all  the  other  large  cells  (especially  in  the  front  wings)  are  very 
long  and  slender  as  in  I.  tumulata,  tiie  transverse  veins  being  few.  The 
mai'ginal  veinlets  of  both  wings  are  simply  and  widely  forked  o;i  the  lower, 
and  sometimes  on  the  apical,  border. 

Length  of  wings,  10.5'""';  breadth,  2.7"""'. 

This  species  is  evidently  more  nearly  allied  to  I.  tumulata  than  to  any 
of  the  otiiers,  and  differs  from  it,  not  only  in  the  points  brought  out  in  the 
description,  but  also  in  the  closer  venation  of  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  8319,  9391. 

Family  HEMEROBINA  Hagen. 

The  two  subfamilies  Hemerobidae  and  Clirysopidae  which  form  this 
group  are  oppositely  represented  in  the  Tertiaries  of  the  Old  and  New 
Worlds.  The  former  are  well  represented  in  Europe  and  poorly  represented 
in  this  country ;  tlie  latter  are  well  furnished  with  species  in  this  country 
and  are  unrepresented  in  Europe.  The  figures  stand  as  foUows:  Hemero- 
bidse,  four  genera,  six  species,  Europe,  vs  two  genera,  two  species,  America; 
Chrysopidaj,  none,  Europe,  vs.  two  genera,  four  species,  America.  Comjjare 
this  with  their  present  distribution  as  indicated  by  Hagen  in  his  Synopsis 
synonymica  (18G(j) :  Hemerobidtu,  ten  genera,  forty  s))ecies,  Europe,  vs. 
eight  genera,  thirty-one  species,  America ;  Oin-ysopida;,  two  genera,  forty- 
one  species,  Europe,  vs.  one  genus,  thirty-one  species,  America.  Here  the 
relation  between  America  and  Europe  is  almost  precisely  tlie  same  in  the 
two  countries,  a  relation  whicli  finds  no  sort  of  explanation  in  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  two  groups  in  the  Tertiaries.     (September,  1S83.) 


SublJimily   HEMEHOBID.(E  Stephens. 

Considering  the  abundance  of  American  Tertiary  Neuroptera  and  the 
considerable  number  of  Ilemerobidai  (four  genera,  six  or  more  species) 
found  in  tlie  Tertiary  beds  of  Europe — mostly  in  amber — it  is  somewhat 
surprising  to  find  only  a  couple  of  species  in  our  American  Tertiaries.  One 
of  these,  Osmylus,  from  Florissant,  is  also  represented  in  amber  and  the 
two  species  agree  together  in  certain  features  which  distinguish  them  from 
vol,  xiii 11 


i' 


m 


162 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKICA. 


modern  forms     Tlie  other,  an  extinct  genus,  Bothromicromus,  from  British 
Columbia,  is  very  different  from  any  the  European  Tertiai'ies  possess. 

OSMYLUS  Latreille. 

The  species  we  have  placed  here  agrees  somewliat  closely  with  -the 
species  from  amber,  Osin.  pictus,  refen'ed  by  HagQn  to  this  genus,  but  differs 
from  it  in  its  lack  of  any  diverse  coloring  in  the  wings,  as  well  as  in  some 
minor  points  of  the  neuration,  as  in  the  distance  of  the  outer  series  of  gra- 
date veinlets  from  the  outer  border  of  the  wing,  their  regular  connection 
with  one  of  the  basal  branches  of  the  radius,  the  regularity  of  the  inner 
series  of  gradate  veinletf,  as  well  as  the  structure  of  the  cubital  region. 
The  two  Tertiary  species,  however,  agree  together,  and  disagree  with  living 
types  in  the  simple  character  of  the  costal  nervules,  the  much  smaller  num- 
ber of  sectors,  and  the  character  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  where  the 
sectorial  interspaces  are  regular  and  broken  by  few  and  irregularly  scattered 
cross-veins,  instead  of  being  so  nui  3rously  supplied  as  to  break  up  the  field 
into  an  almost  uniform  and  miinite  reticulation.  The  two  fossil  species 
would  therefore  appear  to  form  a  section  apai-t.     (September,  1883.) 

OSMYLUS   REQUIETUS. 
PI.  14,  Figs.  3,  8. 

Three  specimens,  two  of  them  with  their  counterparts,  have  been  found, 
in  which  the  wings  are  particularly  well  preserved,  and  in  which  something 
also  can  be  made  out  of  the  body  and  the  antennje.  The  body  is  of  the 
usual  form,  the  slender  antennic  just  about  the  length  of  the  body,  composed 
of  multitudinous  cylindrical,  smooth  joints,  a  little  longer  than  broad  and 
perfectly  equal. 

The  wings  are  very  large,  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  reaching  only 
as  far  as  their  middle  when  closed,  and  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad, ' 
broadest  a  little  beyond  the  middle.  They  have  the  shape  of  those  of 
Chrysopa,  the  costal  margin  being  suddenly  curved  downward  just  before 
the  tip  to  meet  the  upturned  curve  of  the  inner  margin,  which  is  bent  be- 
yond the  middle  of  the  wing  and  meets  the  costal  margin  below  the  middle 
of  the  tip  of  the  wing,  the  latter  barely  angulated;  besides,  however,  the 
costal  margin  is  a  little  expanded  near  the  base  ;  the  costal  area,  broad  at 
the  base  and  made  a  little  more  so  by  the  slight  deflection  of  the  subcostal 


• 


f 


NEUROPTERA— PLANIPENNIA— HEMEROBINA. 


163 


^!» 


i 


k 


vein  near  the  base  and  opposite  the  expansion  of  the  costal  margin,  narrows 
very  gradually  towards  the  apex,  and  by  the  deflection  of  the  subcostal  vein 
next  the  tip  is  carried  to  the  very  angulation  at  the  apex,  filled  throughout 
with  very  numerous,  oblique,  straight,  and  simple  cross-veins.  The  radius 
runs  in  exceedingly  close  proximity  to  the  subcosta  until  the  margin  begins 
to  curve  decidedly  downward,  when  it  unites  with  it.  I  have  not  been  able 
to  detect  certainly  any  basal  or  other  cross-vein  between  the  two,  though 
there  are  in  some  specimens  ^ight  indications  of  what  may  be  one  near  the 
origin  of  the  main  sector ;  they  certainly  do  not  occur  elsewhere.  The  main 
sector  originates  from  the  radius  near  the  base  of  the  wing,  runs  near  to  and 
parallel  with  it  to  the  apex,  and  is  connected  with  it  by  many  (eight  or  nine) 
cross-veins  ;  from  it  arise  eight  or  nine  parallel,  oblique,  and  nearly  straight 
sectors,  making  in  all  about  a  dozen  series  of  equal  oblique  interspaces  in 
the  wing,  broken  in  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  by  a  couple  of  series  of 
gradate  veinlets,  the  outer  not  very  fsir  removed  from  the  posterior  margin 
and  subparallel  to  it,  finally  merging  in  one  of  the  basal  branches  of  the 
radius,  and  from  which  spring  the  marginal  veinlets  which  are  usually  deli- 
cately forked  at  the  very  border  ;  the  inner  row  is  parallel  to  the  outer  and 
about  as  far  from  it  as  it  is  from  tiie  margin.  Within  this  the  interspaces 
are  broken  by  a  dozen  or  more  irregularly  scattered  rather  distant  cross- 
veins,  much  as  in  Osra.  pictus  of  the  Prussian  amber,  but  very  dilferent  in- 
deed from  the  living  types  of  the  genus,  as  already  stated  under  the  genus. 
The  margins  of  the  wings  are  sparsely  furnished  with  delicate  hairs,  and 
similar  hairs  may  be  seen  on  some  of  the  veins,  especially  near  the  margins, 
but  at  great  distances,  or  farther  apart  than  the  length  of  the  hairs.  The 
hind  wing  does  not  differ  essentially  from  tiie  front  wing,  excepting  in  the 
width  of  the  costal  area. 

Length  of  body,  9.75""";  of  antennae,  10""";  of  front  wing,  1 5.3.5 """; 
breadth  of  same,  5.35""". 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  8839,  13012  and  13537,  13538  and 
14168. 

BOTHROMICROMUS  Scudder. 

liolhromicromus  Scudd.,  Rep.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1876-'77,  iCfi  (1873). 

This  genus  agrees  with  Micromus  in  lacking  the  recurrent  vein  above 
the  costal  vein  next  the  base  of  the  front  wing,  and  differs  from  it  in  the  very 
wide  expansion  of  the  costal  area  at  this  point  and  in  the  possession  of 


164 


TKUTIAHY  INSI'^CTS  OV  NORTH  AMEUIOA. 


^! 


.  i,- ./  , 


•  'I 


I  r 


,a;V 


it- 


numerous  sectors.  In  these  respects  it  agrees  with  Dropaiiepteryx,  but  the 
wing  is  not  falcate,  and  notwithstanding  the  wide  expanse  of  the  costal  area 
the  recurrent  nervnle  is  wiinting,  all  the  velnlets  of  this  area  arising  next 
the  base,  as  elsewhere,  from  the  snbcosta.  The  wing  is  shaped  much  as  in 
Megalomus,  to  which,  indeed,  it  is  closely  allied,  being  broad  at  the  base, 
very  gradually  increasing  in  width  apically,  the  extremity  rounded,  with 
no  abrupt  emargination  or  falcation,  but  with  the  inner  angle  strongly  ex- 
cised. At  the  base  the  costal  area  is  nearl}'  as  broad  as  the  renuiinder  of  the 
wing;  the  costal  veinlets  are  all  furcate  and  apparently  connected,  much  as 
in  Drepanepterj'x,  by  a  single  line  of  inosculating  veinlets,  dividing  the  area 
in  two  nearly  equal  longitudinal  halves.  The  costa  and  subcosta  run  side 
by  side  in  the  closest  proximity,  but  afe  ap|)arently  separated  to  the  apex. 
Sectors  extremely  numerous,  with  a  single  complete  series  of  gradate  vein- 
lets  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  another,  apparently  crossing  only  the 
lower  half  of  the  wing,  more  than  half-way  between  this  and  the  outer 
margin ;  veins  and  margins  very  shortly  ciliated. 

The  genus  also  seems  peculiar  in  the  structure  of  the  maxillary  palpi, 
the  basal  joint  f)f  which  is  half  as  broad  again  as  long  ;  the  second  and  third 
joints  subequal,  moniliform ;  the  fourth  apparently  only  half  ••s  broad  as 
the  previous,  but  of  equal  length,  and  the  terminal  again  sleuvlerer,  but 
twice  as  long,  being  conical,  j)ointed,  and  unarmed,  while  the  others  are 
furnished  on  the  apical  half  with  scattered  set*.  Antennae  submoniliform, 
the  joints  near  the  ba.se  of  equal  length  and  breadth,  the  basal  joint  double 
the  width  of  the  others  ;  no  hairs  can  be  seen  upon  the  antennal  joints. 


k 


BOTHEOMICROMUS    LACHLANI. 

PI.  2,  Figs.  7-10. 

Bothromicromm  lachlani  Scuild.,  R«p.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  187C-'77,  402-463  (1878). 

One  front  wing  and  a  part  of  the  head  with  its  appendages  are  pre- 
served on  No.  36,  with  a  pale,  brov.  .lish  tint  to  the  wing,  while  the  reverse, 
on  No.  37,  is  wholly  ccdorlo.ss.  The  only  parts  of  the  head  preserved  are 
one  eyo  and  a  portion  of  the  other,  indicated  by  a  broad,  black,  annular 
ring;  also  a  few  of  the  basal  joints  of  the  antenna',  and  both  maxillary 
palpi,  crossing  each  other  and  detached  from  the  head.  The  wing  is  strongly 
expanded  at  the  extreme  costal  base ;  beyond  this  the  costal  border  is 
straight,  with  a  scarcely  percoj)th  1e  emargination  nearly  to  the  tip.     The 


NKUIiOPTKKA-l'LANlPKNNIA— IlKMKUOHINA. 


165 


' 


'P 


inner  marjrin  is  almost  equally  straight,  but  faintly  convex.     The  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing  falls  in  the  middle  of  the  upper  half;  below  it  the  wing  is 
strongly  excised,  but  well  rounded  at  the  tip  and  lower  outer  angle.     The 
shai)e  of  the  wing,  therefore,  resenibles  closely  that  of  Micromus  hirtus  of 
Europe.     The  cubitals  ai-e,  if  anything,  more  numerous  than  the  veinlets  of 
the  costal  area,  and  beyond  tlie  origin  of  the  anterior  cubital  vein  ten  ori<n- 
nate  from  the  subcosta  itself  in  the  basal  half  of  the  wing.     The  first  and 
second  of  these  fork  and  subdivide  several  times  before  reaching  the  mar- 
gin, or  even  long  before  reaching  the  first  series  of  gradate  veinlets,  while 
the  third  to  the  ninth  are  simple,  either  quite  or  almost  as  far  as  the  very 
margin.     Tlie  tenth  again  forks  close  to  its  origin,  and  the  outer  sectors 
originate  from  its  upper  branch,  which  is  connected  with  the  costa  by  infre- 
quent cross-nervules.     The  wing  is  of  a  pale  woodbrown  color,  the  veins 
margined  with  a  line  of  dull,  pale  yellow,  and  the  darker  brown  of  the  inter- 
spaces broken  frequently  by  a  slightly  paler  tint,  so  as  to  give  the  wing  a 
minutely  blotched  appearance,  oidy  visible  under  the  lens.     The  two  series 
of  gradate  veinlets  are  again  accompanied  by  a  slightly  darker  tint,  giving 
the  wing  the  appearance  of  being  crossed  by  two  oblique,  dusky  lines.    All 
the  margins  are  minutely  and  sparingly  ciliated,  and  similar  black,  rather 
distant  hairs  are  scattered  indiscriminately  over  the  wing,  both  upon  the 
membrane  and  veins,  but  showing  a  certain  tendency  to  follow  the  course 
of  the  latter.     At  the  extreme  lower  base  of  the  wing  they  are  seen  to  have 
their  origin  from  minute  papillae,  less  than  one  hundredth  of  a  millimeter  in 
diameter,  and  averaging  a  twentieth  of  a  millimeter  apart 

Length  of  wing,  9.5""" ;  greatest  breadth,  4.25""" ;  breadtli  at  base,  3"""; 
diameter  of  eye,  0.45""' ;  length  of  joints  of  antennu;  near  base,  COO"-™ ; 
of  middle  joints  of  maxillary  palpi,  0.075"'"';  length  of  maxillary  palpi, 
0.4"". 

Named  for  R.  McLachlan,  Esq ,  the  distinguished  English  neuropter- 
ologist. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Collected  by  Dr.  Gr.  M.  Dawson,  Nos.  36 
and  37  of  the  collection. 

Subfamily   CHRYSOPID^E    Brauer. 
Although  species  referred  to  Chrysopa  are  mentioned  by  Andrii  from 
the  rocks  of  Thalheim,  and  by  Berendt  in  amber,  the  figure  gi^en  by  the 
former  and  the  study  by  Hagen  of  the  material  in  the  hands  of  the  latter 


immmh 


166 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTU  AMEUIOA. 


m 


render  it  more  than  probuble  tliiit  no  ChrysopitUv;  are  yet  known  from  the 
Kui<)j)ean  Tertiaries.  It  is  therefore  all  the  more  interesting  that  we  find 
at  Florissant  four  species  of  this  {froup  referable  to  two  genera  hitherto  un- 
known.    (October,  1883.) 

The  genera  may  be  separated  by  the  following  table  : 

Table  of  the  gentra  of  Chryiopidif. 

Upper  oiibitiil  vein  of  front  wing  ilirect,  bordered  by  ooiii])arativuly  uniform  cells 1.  Palaockryta. 

lIppiTcnliitrtl  vein  of  front  wing  doubly  bent  in  the  middle,  bordered  by  very  unequal  cells. 

i2.  THboehry$a. 

1.  PAL/EOCHKYSA  gen.  nov.  (TraAau'?,  XP"<^<^^)- 

The  only  materials  for  establishing  this  genus  are  the  wings,  the 
structure  of  which  does  not  accord  with  any  known  living  or  extinct  type. 
The  8ha])e  of  the  wings  is  much  as  in  Chrysopa,  and  they  are  apically 
rounded ;  the  costal  area  of  the  front  wings,  narrow  at  b«se,  rapidly  ex- 
pands and  then  diminishes,  being  broadest  within  the  basal  f  "vth  of  the 
wing.  IJy  the  apical  union  of  the  costal  and  subcostal  vei.  .  the  area 
terminates  some  distance  before  the  apex  of  the  wings,  as  in  Ilypochrysa. 
The  cubital  area  is  unusually  broad,  the  anterior  cubital  vein  running 
through  the  very  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the  posterior  cubital  rather  nearer 
the  margin  than  to  the  anterior  cubital,  both  continuing  to  the  apex  of  the 
wing ;  in  consequence  of  this  and  of  the  presence  of  only  a  single  sector  of 
the  radius  there  are  no  transverse  series  of  gradate  veinlets  whatever,  but 
the  secondary  sectors  are  to  be  looked  on  as  cross- veinlets  uniting  the  prin- 
cipal longitudinal  veins ;  one  of  the  basal  cubital  cellules  of  the  anterior 
wings  is  divided  nearly  equally,  as  in  Nothochrysa. 

It  is  difficult,  i)erhaps,  to  say  to  which  one  of  the  modern  genera  it  is 
most  nearly  allied,  but  it  appears  to  resemble  Hypochrysa  as  closely  as  any, 
though  it  agrees  nuich  more  with  the  fossil  genus  Tribochrysa  described 
beyond,  where  the  distinctions  between  the  two  are  pointed  out. 

Pal.i;ochkysa  stricta. 

PI.  14,  Figs.  13,  14. 

Little  besides  the  wings  can  be  made  out  in  the  single  specimen  with 
its  counterpart  which  represents  this  species.  The  front  wings  are  a  little 
more  than  two  and  a  half  times  lunger  than  broad ;  the  costal  margin,  ex- 
panded a  little  near  the  base,  is  beyond  that  straight  until  it  slopes  down- 


' 


NEUKOPTKBA— PLANU'ENNIA— UEMKUOIUNA. 


1G7 


,. 


ward  to  form  the  well-rounded  tip;  the  lower  mar<,'iii  is  roundod  and  full, 
especially  away  froui  the  base,  making  the  wing  broadest  beyond  the 
middle.  The  hind  wings  are  slenderer  or  about  three  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  broad,  broadest  in  the  middle,  the  lower  margin  being  uni- 
formly roundud,  while  the  costal  margin,  not  expanded  at  the  base,  is 
straight  throughout  to  the  apical  fourth,  where  the  wing  tapers  considerably 
on  both  sides,  being  subacuminate,  though  the  extreme  apex  is  well  rounded. 
The  neuration,  at  least  below  the  radius,  is  essentially  the  same  in  both 
wings,  but  next  the  costal  margin  differs  considerably.  In  the  front  wings 
the  subcostal  vein  terminates  on  the  costa  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
apical  half  of  the  wing,  and  is  connected  with  the  distant  arching  costa  by 
seventeen  or  eighteen  cross-veins,  the  proximal  ones  of  which  are  trans- 
verse, the  distal  somewhat  oblique ;  the  radius  runs  close  and  parallel  to 
the  subcosta  throughout  the  course  of  the  latter,  and  thereafter  at  a  similar 
distance  from  and  parallel  to  the  curve  of  the  margin,  as  far  as  the  very  apex 
of  the  wing,  connected  nowhere  to  the  veins  above  by  cross-veins.  In  the 
hind  wings  the  radius  and  subcosta  are  s(»  closely  united  as  to  be  nearly 
connected,  and  are  so  represented  on  the  plate,  and  terminate  together,  ap- 
parently a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing;  as  in 
the  front  wings,  the  subcosta  is  connected  by  cross-veins  to  the  proximate, 
straight  costa.  There  is  a  single  sector  which  springs  from  the  radius  a 
little  before  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing  in  the  front  wings 
(nearer  the  base  in  the  hind  wings)  and  runs  nndway  between  the  radius 
and  the  upper  cubital  in  a  regular  zigzag ;  the  cells,  tliirteen  or  fourteen  in 
number,  formed  by  the  cross-veins  between  the  sector  and  the  radius,  as 
well  as  all  those  below,  are  broader  than  long  and  tolerably  regular.  The 
upper  cubital  vein  courses  regularly  through  the  middle  of  the  wing,  find  in 
its  basal  half,  at  least  in  the  front  wing,  is  nearly  straight,  while  apically  it 
is  noticeably  zigzag,  terminating  in  the  sector  of  the  radius  just  before  the 
tip  of  the  wing.  The  lower  cubital  vein  runs  in  a  uniform  course  rather 
nearer  the  margin  than  the  upper  cubital  vein,  subparallel  to  the  former, 
and  is  irregularly  straight  or  zigzag,  and  also  joins  the  sector  of  the  radius 
or  terminates  against  an  apical  cell  at  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  between  the  two 
cubital  veins  one  of  the  basal  cells  is  divided  longitudinally  into  two  nearly 
equal  cells,  as  in  the  genus  Nothochrysa  (but  which  is  not  represented  on 
the  plate  as  it  should  be),  where  the  oblique  vein  appears  on  the  upper  wing ; 


1B8 


TKItTIAlJY   INSKCTH  OF  NORTH  AMKIUCA. 


■.!     I 


it. 


tlm  inar^iiial  iicrviilcH  an*  soinotimos  siiuplo  and  strnifjlit,  somotimt's  broadly 
forkod,  and  dilVor  on  opposito  winjfs.  Tlio  voin  bolovv  tlio  lower  cnliital, 
called  postcostal  hy  M<'Ija('li!an,  terniinatos  abruptly  «»n  tlio  liindur  margin, 
opposite  till)  ori<ifin  of  tlio  sector  of  tlio  radius, 

Lunf,'tli  of  tbro  \vin<,'s,  15.7")""":  l)r«'adth,  .">.4"'"';  Iun;,'tli  ot"  bind  win<jf«, 
IS""';  breadth,  4.2"'"'. 

The  four  winjjfs  of  this  spociiuen  are  so  overlaid  by  one  another  as  to 
make  a  n.edley  n(  veins  wliich  are  very  ditlicult  to  dis('ntau<;le  and  inter- 
pret. It  was  kindly  pIioto;,rraphed  for  nm  l)y  Mr.  Sanniel  \Vells,  of  IJoston; 
the  lines  of  each  wiMj,^  on  tin;  photoi^raph  were  then  traced  separately,  and 
from  those  tracinj^s  the  drawinj^s  on  the  plate  wore  nmde;  these  I  believe 
to  be  true  representations  of  the  winj^s  with  the  exception  of  the  double 
cubital  cell  of  both  wings  and  the  cross-veins  of  the  costal  area  of  the  hind 
wing,  which  are  not  sliown  ;  the  lowc"  half  of  each  wing,  however,  is  more 
liable  to  misinterpretation  than  the  upper. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  17!(8  and  IMu. 

2.  TRIBOCHRYSA  gen.  nov.  (rp//?a5,  xpvad?). 

This  genus,  clearly  allied  to  Paheochrysa,  and  with  it  apparently  a 
forerumier  of  liypochrysa,  is  re])resented  by  several  species  in  the  Amer- 
ican Tertiaries,  which  are  nncommoidy  well  i)reserved,  though  the  wings 
ai'e  the  only  jjart.s  which  are  present  on  all  the  8i)ecimens ;  and  it  is  there- 
fore mainly  u])on  tiiese  that  the  genus  is  founded  Tlie  head  is  nearly 
twice  as  l)road  as  long,  the  front  jn-otuberant,  rounded,  and  entire,  the  basal 
joint  of  the  antenmu  .stout,  bulbous,  .scarcely  longer  than  broad,  twice  the 
diameter  of  the  stalk,  the  latter  nearly  as  long  as  or  even  longer  than  the 
body,  .slender,  delicately  tapering,  composed  of  simple,  cylindrical,  ap))ar- 
ently  naked  joints  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  thorax  is  stout,  the  jjrotho- 
rax  broader  than  long,  tapering  anteriorly,  otherwise  subcjuadrate.  The 
legs  are  slender.  The  wings  extend  far  beyond  the  body,  and  are  of  the 
same  form  as  in  Chrysopa,  the  tip  rounded  or  faintly  subacuminate;  in 
neuration  they  resemble  closely  tho.se  of  Paheochrysa,  but  differ  from  it  in 
one  striking  feature,  and  in  this  approach  more  modern  types  like  Notho- 
chrysa.  In  Paheochrysa  the  upper  cubital  vein  runs  in  a  slightly  zigzag 
course  through  the  middle  of  the  wing  in  a  regular,  gentle  curve  nearly 
etiuidistant  from  the  costal  and  inner  margin,  and  terminjites  at  the  apex  of 
the  wings,  no  transverse  series  of  gradate  veinlets  lying  between  it  and  the 


NEUI{()PTi:i{A— PLANH'KNNIA— irKMKItOhlNA. 


160 


t 


primary  Hector.     In   NTotlioclirysa  it  niiis  itj  n  poi-fuctly  Htnii^fht  coiiMe  a 
little  below  the  iniddio  of  the  wiii},',  but  hi<,'li»*i-  tluin  in  (Jlirysopii,  directed 
towiird  but  not  distinctly  reucliin«,'  the  middle  of  ti»e  outer  half  of  tiie  lower 
inarj,Mn  (if  the  win;;-,  and  supporting  the  lower  proximal  end  of  one  trans- 
verso  series  of  jrradate  veinlets  between  it  and  the  primi.ry  sector.     In  Tri- 
l)ochrysa  it  runs  in  a  decidedly  zif,'zag  cour.se,  in  tlie  same  j,'eneral  direction 
as  in  Notiiochrysa  in  its  pro.\imal  half,  and  tlien  shifts  smhlenly  to  aliiyher 
level  and  follows  thereafter  a  zi{,'zaj,'  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  costa, 
through  the  very  middle  of  the  wing,  joining,  that  is,  the  transverse  series 
of  gradate  veiidets  and  making  them  a  part  of  it.self.    Tribochrysa  further 
diHPersfroin  Notiiochrysa  and  agrees  with  Pahcochrysa  in  the  slender  number 
"f  .secondary  sectors  or  obliipio  cro.ss-veins,  so  that  the  colls  are  larger  and 
less  elongated  than  in  Notiiochrysa  and  Uhrysopa,  standing  thus  at  a  wider 
distance  from  llemerobius.     The  result  of  this  movement  of  the  first  cubital 
vein  is  usually  a  striking  ine(iuality  of  the  colls  on  either  side  of  it,  in  con- 
trast to  their  uniformity  in  Paheochrysa.     There  is  here,  therefore,  as  in 
Pala30(du-ysa,  no  transverse  series  of  gradate  veinlets  in  the  proper  sense,  as 
both  series  are  directly  united  with  the  two  cubital  vein.s.     A  somewhat 
similar  arrangement  may  be  seen  in  Notiiochrysa  fulvicep.s,  although  that 
species  differs  from  these  more  widely  than  most  of  its  allies  in  the  multi- 
plicity of  its  sficondary  sectors.     The  same  double  cubitiil  cell  occurs  below 
the  second  subradial  cell  as  is  found  in  Notiiochrysa  and  I'aheochrysa 

The  species  placed  here  seem  to  fall  into  two  groups,  one  of  the  species 
differing  from  the  others  in  being  of  a  considerably  liirger  size,  having  its 
first  cubital  vein  originate  directly  from  the  radius,  the  proximal  cells 
which  lie  above  it  less  elongated  than  in  the  other  species,  and  the  upper 
(double)  cubital  cell  quadrangular. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Tribnohryiia- 

Largo  species.  FirHt  cubital  vein  arJHiiig  .llrectly  from  the  radius;  first  transverso  vein  ooiinectlng 
radius  and  first  cubital  vein  lying  in  direct  coutinnatiou  of  the  cross- vein  closing  the  proximal 
end  of  the  double  eubital  cell,  making  the  nppcr,  as  well  as  the  lower,  cell  qnadrangnlar. 

1.  T.  vetmcula. 

Smaller  species.    First  cubiful  vein  urisiug  from  a  basal  cross-vein  uniting  the  radius  and  second 

cnbital  vein  ;  first  transverse  vein  connecting  radius  and  first  cnbitiil  vein  striking  the  upper 

margin  of  the  double  cnbital  cell,  making  the  upper  cell  pentagonal,  while  the  lower  remains 

quadrangular. 

Elongated  proximal  cells  between  the  main  sector  of  the  radius  and  the  first  cubital  vein,  four  in 

number,  followed  by  half  a  dozen  cells  of  subequal  diameters <i.  T.  iiieqitalis. 

Elongated  proxiraals  cells,  as  above,  three  in  number,  followed  by  five  oelU  uf  subequal  d:ametBrs. 

3.  T.firmata. 


T 


170 


TEilTlARV  INSECTS  OF  ^'OKTll  AMERICA. 


Si  1 

>.' 

lir 


1.    'J'RlBOeilRYSA    VETUSCULA. 
PI.  14,  Fig.  1). 

The  stone  on  which  the  single  specimen  referred  here  occurs  has 
unfortunately  been  broken  across  the  wings,  and  the  apical  half  is  lost; 
otherwise  the  specimen  would  be  nearly  perfect,  the  head,  thorax,  eyes, 
a.id  antennae  being  well  preserved.  The  antennjv  are  unusually  short, 
being  a  little  shorter  than  the  body  and  more  ta})ering  than  usual  in  this 
family.  The  head  is  well  rounded,  the  eyes  neither  very  large  nor  promi- 
nent, the  prothorax  ta})ering  a  little  anteriorly,  the  sides  a  little  arcuate, 
the  front  slightly  concave. 

Only  the  basal  half  of  the  wings  being  preserved,  little  can  be  said  of 
them,  but  the  costal  margin  and  area  are  nuich  as  in  T.  firmata,  and  the 
neuration  is  so  peculiar  as  to  separate  the  species  readily  from  the  others ; 
there  are  about  a  dozen  transverse  veins  in  the  costal  area ;  the  transverse 
veins  uniting  the  radius  and  its  sector  are  rather  more  numerous  than  in 
the  other  Sj/ecies  of  the  genus ;  the  cross-vein  uniting  at  base  the  sector 
and  the  tirst  cubital  vein  strikes  the  latter  so  as  to  form  a  continuation  of 
the  vein  closing  basally  the  double  cubital  cell ;  the  upjjer  of  these  two 
cells  is  scarcely  smaller  than  tlie  lower;  the  upper  cubital  vein  arises 
directlv  from  the  radius  without  the  support  of  a  basal  cross- vein ;  and  the 
proximal  cells  between  the  sector  of  the  radius  and  the  upper  cubital  vein 
are,  excepting  the  first  (which  is  of  irregular  shape),  not  so  disproportion- 
ately large  as  in  the  other  species,  being  less  than  half  as  bi-oad  again  as 
long,  about  as  long  as  the  subradial  cells,  and  only  a  little  oblique,  differ- 
ing in  all  these  respects  from  both  the  other  species, 

Length  of  body  (estimated),  12""";  of  head  and  thorax,  4.5"""'; 
antenuie,  11""";  length  of  wings  as  preserved,  9.5""";  probable  full  length, 
14"""  •  presumed  breadth,  4.5"'"'. 

I  lorissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11204. 


t 


2.    TKIBOOHKYisA   INEQUALI8. 
Tribochryta  ineqiialla  8ci,d(l.,  Zittel,  Haudb.  d.  Palujont.,  1,  ii,  777,  Kig.  9Si  (1S85). 

The  single  specimen  referred  here  has  all  the  wings  superimposed  on 
one  another,  but  in  addition  a  portion  of  the  sleniler  antenniB  and  the  large 
globular  eyes  can  be  seen,  with  faint  traces  of  the  he;id,  thorax,  and  abdomen. 


NEUUOPTEKA— PLAXIFEXNIA— HEMEROBINA. 


171 


Almost  the  entire  neiiration  of  the  upper  wing  can  be  made  out  as  well  as 
the  lower  half  of  that  of  the  under  wing ;  tlie  front  wing  is  three  times  as 
long  aa  broad,  the  costal  margin  un  fornih'  arched,  the  basal  expansion 
forming  only  a  regular  part  of  the  curve ;  the  lower  margin  is  similarly 
curved  but  not  very  full,  the  wing  being  broadest  nearly  as  far  out  as  the 
middle  of  the  outer  half;  the  costal  area  is  not  very  broad  nor  unequal; 
the  subcostal  vein  terminates  at  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing,  and 
is  coimected  with  the  costa  by  twelve  or  thirteen  cross-veins,  mostly  sliglitly 
oblique.  There  are  ten  subradial  cells.  The  upper  cubital  vein,  which 
springs  from  a  short  cross-vein  uniting  the  radius  and  lower  cubital  vein,  in 
the  middle  of  its  course  and  somewhat  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  shifts 
suddenly  to  a  higher  level  and  follows  tiiereafter  a  direction  nearly  parallel 
to  the  costal,  instead  of,  as  before,  the  inner  margin;  in  the  first  half  of  its 
course  it  runs  below  the  middle  of  the  wing,  in  the  latter  half  above  it; 
consequently  tlie  four  cells  which  lie  between  its  proximal  half  and  the  sub- 
costa  are  very  much  eloagated  snbrhombt)idal  in  form,  the  tirst  subtriangular, 
while  beyond  the  shift  they  are  somewhat  regularly  hexagonal;  on  the 
otiier  hand  the  cubital  cells,  scarcely  longer  tluui  broad  at  first,  become  in 
the  outer  part  of  the  wing  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  also  very  t)bli([U('. 
Ti>e  basal  cubital  cell  is  divided  longitudinally  inlvs  t'vo  unequal  parallel 
cells,  the  up})er  the  njirrower ;  the  cross-veins  next  tlie  lower  margin  are 
simple  in  the  basal  half  of  the  wiiig,  sinqdy  or  doubly  forked  on  the  distal 
half.  The  postcostal  terminates  abruptly  on  the  hind  margin,  sliglitly  far- 
ther out  than  the  origin  of  the  sector  of  the  radius,  and  is  connected  near  the 
apex  by  a  cross- vein  which  is  the  continuation  of  that  closing  basally  tiio 
double  cubital  cell.  The  neuration  of  the  hind  wing,  only  the  lower  half  of 
which  is  preserved,  does  not  differ  trom  that  of  the  front  wing  in  the  slightest 
esserttial  parti<nilar. 

This  species  differs  from  T.  firmata,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied,  by  its 
larger  size,  the  greater  mnnber  of  cells  below  the  sector  (as  indicated  in  the 
table  of  the  species),  and  its  broader  costal  area. 

Length  of  body,  U""";  of  front  wing,  14.75""" ;  breadth  of  same,  4.8""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  71)82. 


.  i  ;] 


\'  i 


\\ 


'f. 


172 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOBTII  AMEKIOA. 


3.  Tribochrysa  firmata. 


PI.  14,  Figs.  6,  7,  10,  11. 

Two  sjjeciinens  are  ut  luind,  each  in  a  pretty  gootl  state  of  preservation, 
showing  heud  and  antenna',  the  body  and  wings,  the  hitter  generally  some- 
what contused  by  overlapping  or  folding.  Theluad  is  rather  small  as  com- 
pared with  the  thorax,  and  well  rounded,  with  moderately  prominent  eyes, 
and  anteniijc  a  fourth  longer  than  the  body ;  the  prothorax  is  also  rather 
slender,  tapering  considerably,  and  about  as  long  as  its  posterior  breadth. 
The  thorax  is  stout  and  the  abdomen  half  as  long  again  as  the  head  and 
thorax.  The  wings  are  about  tln-ee  times  as  long  as  broad,  broadest  in  the 
middle  of  the  distal  half,  the  costal  margin  pretty  straight  in  the  middle, 
rather  rapidl}'  slo])ing  basally,  and  very  rapidly  curving  almost  bending 
downwai'd  apicall}',  the  apical  margin  rounded,  subacuminate,  the  apex 
rather  below  the  middle  ;  the  mner  margin  is  regularly  and  gently  curved. 
The  subcostal  vein  joins  the  costal  (not  shown  on  plate)  a  little  beyond  th  ' 
middle  of  the  distal  half  of  the  wii.g,  and  the  costal  area  thus  formed  is  occu- 
])ied  by  about  a  dozen  or  more  straight  cross-veins ;  there  are  onl\'  eight  or 
nine  subradial  cells,  and  tlm  cells  in  the  series  below  this,  while  agreeing  in 
general  character  with  those  of  T.  inequalis,  are  less  numerous  ♦^lian  there, 
there  being  only  three  elongated  cells  directly  beneath  the  .-jector  of  the 
radius  and  only  five  equiaxial  cells  in  the  same  series  beyond  them. 

The  two  specimens  show  very  little  difference  excepting  in  size,  though 
on  that  account  they  were  at  first  presumed  to  be  distinct. 

Length  of  body,  8.r)-7.75'.'"" ;  of  antenna.',  9..'i-10.5'"'"  (in  the  larger 
specimen  no  doubt  imperfect);  breadth  of  head,  1-0.8;")'"'" ;  of  thorax,  1.6- 
l.,"")""";  length  of  fore  wing,  11.2o-9.7o""";  breadth  of  same,  ;5.85-3.2.''y'' ^ 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  670,  8792. 

Family  PANORPID^C  Stephens. 

If  the  Liassic  genus  Orthophlebia  is  to  be  referred  to  this  family,  this 
group  )  Ms't  have  been  as  abundant  in  Mesozoic  times  as  now.  Only  a  few 
Ter'i'-  ^ecies  are,  however,  known,  and  those  hitherto  described  have 
,,,,  j .  :».  "  wings  like  their  ancestors  of  the  secondary  epoch.  Three  species 
of  bi..:.  .as  and  one  of  Panorpa  have  been  described  from  the  European 


I 


. 


NEUKOrTEUA— PLANll'KNNlA— rANOltPlD.K. 


173 


beds,  all  but  one  (a  Bittaciis)  from  amber,  tliis  Bittacus,  tlie  only  relic  from 
Tertiary  rocks  in  Europe,  coming  from  Radoboj. 

The  additions  we  have  here  to  offer  are  of  some  interest.  Two  species 
have  been  found,  both  of  which  have  heavily  spotted  wings,  more  heavily 
sjiotted  than  most  living  types;  one  of  these,  a  small  species,  is  referred  to 
Panorpa,  though  doubtfully,  as  it  differs  so  much  from  known  types;  the 
other  unquestionably  belongs  to  a  distinct  genus  having  no  special  alliances 
with  any  known  forms.  Both  come  from  Florissant.  The  markings  of  one 
form  dark,  transverse  bands  on  clear  ground,  of  the  other  large,  roundish, 
pale  blotches  on  a  dusky  ground.     (October,  1883.J 

The  Florissant  genera  may  be  thus  distinguished : 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Paiiorpida: 

Raniiiles  of  upper  branch  uf  radins  inTerior  ;  markings  conHisting  of  large  pale  spots  on  a  dnrk 
groiiixl 1.  Holcorpa. 

Raninles  of  npper  branch  of  radius  superior  or  apical  ;  markings  consisting  of  diirk  transverse  bands 
on  a  clear  ground 2.  Panorpa. 

1.  HOLCORPA  Scudder. 

Holcorpa  Sendd.,  Bull.  U  S.  Geol.  Gcogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  .'•.40-.542  (1878). 

This  name'  is  proposed  for  a  genus  of  Panorpida>,  unquestionably 
allied  to  Panorpa,  but  differing  remarkably  from  it  in  the  total  absence  of 
cross-nervules  in  the  wings,  excepting,  perhaps,  at  the  base.  The  antenna? 
are  probably  not  very  long  (they  are  not  completely  preserved  in  the  single 
specimen  studied),  taper  verj-  gradually  in  size,  are  composed  of  joints  only 
a  little  longer  than  broad,  not  in  the  le.ist  degree  moniliforu),  and  furnished 
with  recumbent  hairs.  The  wings  are  not  so  elongated  nor  so  slender  as 
in  Panorpa,  verj  regularly  rounded,  both  pairs  similarly  formed,  the  hinder 
pair  shorter  than  the  front  pair,  as  in  Panorpa.  The  costa  is  thickened, 
the  subcosta  extends  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  l)ut  does  not  reacli 
the  pterostigma;  the  radius  emits  a  superior  fork  near  the  base  of  the  wing, 
which  strikes  the  pterostigma,  or,  rather,  which,  by  l)eiuling  downward 
and  then  upward,  forms  th<i  pterostigma  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  third 
of  the  wing;  the  radius  again  forks  in  a  similar  maimer  still  far  before  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  the  upper  branch  emitting  three  parallel,  equidistant, 
inferior  branchlets,  the  uppermost  close  to  the  margin  next  the  pterostigma, 
the  lowest  striking  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  the  lower  radial  branch  forks 

'  Tho  name  I  have  given  should  perhaps  be  vritten  Ilolchorpa;  but  I  have  disregarded  the  aspi- 
rate, aa  LinotS  did  In  cojistrucling  Panorpa. 


n>l 


174 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOliTlI  AMERICA. 


ii! 


5 


m 


below  the  midillo  branchlet  of  the  upper  riidial  braucli.  All  these  veins, 
exceptijig  tiie  pterostigma*.ic  termination  of  the  uppermost  branch  of  the 
radial,  are  struight.  The  cubitus  is  also  straight  until  it  forks  a  little  before 
the  middle  of  the  wing ;  its  upper  branch  is  a  little  curved,  and  divides  just 
below  the  forking  of  the  lowest  radial  branch  ;  its  lower  branch  forks  almost 
iyunediiitely,  emitting  at  once  three  veinlets,  the  middle  one  of  which  is 
nearly  continuous  with  the  main  stem,  the  others  curving  in  opposite  senses 
on  eiliior  side  of  it.  Below  this  the  veins  are  not  so  readily  determinable, 
and  their  description  is  omitted  until  further  specimens  are  obtained ;  the 
only  \  ariation  in  the  neuration  of  the  two  wings  consists  in  the  middle  fork 
of  the  lower  branch  of  the  cubitus,  which,  in  the  hind  wing,  is  not  con- 
tinuous with  tlie  main  stem,  but  originates  a  very  little  beyond  the  others 
from  the  lower  fork.  The  legs  are  spinous  throughout;  the  tibije  are  also 
armed  at  the  tip  with  very  long,  stniight,  pai-allel  spurs,  and  the  tarsal 
joints  with  short  spurs.  The  abdomen  is  greatly  elongated,  the  first  four 
joints  subequal  and  nearly  as  broad  as  the  slender  thorax,  but  as  a  whole 
tapering  slightly,  and  not  greatly  surpassed  by  the  wings,  the  following 
joints  greatly  attenuated,  the  ninth,  or  terminal  joint,  composing  the  for- 
ceps, unfortunately  lost. 

A  fossil  species  referred  to  Panorpa,  and  figured  by  Brodie'  from  the 
Purbeck  beds  of  England  (Pauorpa  gracilis  Gieb.),  is  very  small,  and  pos- 
sibly Tiay  be  more  nearly  related  to  Holcorpa  than  to  Pauorpa,  for  while 
the  general  arrangement  of  the  veins,  with  the  notable  exception  of  the 
cubital,  is  siaiilar  to  wliat  is  found  in  Holcorpa  and  very  different  from 
their  disposition  in  Pnnorpa,  no  cross- veins  whatever  can  be  traced.  The 
figure,  however,  is  too  small,  coarsely  executed,  and  is  described  by  Gie- 
beP  as  supplied  abuiulantly  with  cross-veins !  It  certainly  is  not  in  my 
copy  of  Brodie's  work. 

HoLnORPA   MACUL0.SA. 


PI.  14,  Figs.  4,  6. 

Holoorpa  naculosa  Scudd.,  Bull.  IT.  S.  Geol.  Siirv.  Terr,,  IV,  542  (1878) ;  in  Zittel,  Haiidb.  d.  PaliBont., 

I,  ii,  7?8,  Fig.  9Hi()8ti5). 

A  single  specimen  with  beautifully  preserved  wings  and  fragments  of 
the  re.st  of  the  body.  The  antennaj  (which  are  not  fully  preserved)  Jip])ear 
to  have  been  more  tiian  lialf  as  long  as  the  wings,  the  middle  joints  0.17'""' 


Fo8».  Ins.  Sec.  IiOckH  Engl.,  pi.  5,  ilg.  IS. 


»Iu».  der  Vorw.,2r)8. 


5«r 


NEUKOPTERA— PLANIPJJNNIA— PANOlilMDyE. 


175 


.1 


long  and  0.14"""  broarl.  The  wings  nre  less  than  three  tiraes  as  long  as 
broad,  and  very  rogiilarly  rounded  ;  the  costal  vein  (especially  on  the  front 
wing)  is  thickened  and  covered  with  cKisely  clustered,  minute,  spinous 
hairs,  and  similar  black  hairs  follow  in  a  single  row  the  base  of  the  radial 
and  cubital  veins.  The  wings  are  very  dark,  with  invge  wliite  or  pale  spots, 
of  which  three  are  most  conspicuous,  occurring  simihn-ly  on  all  the  wing* 
One,  of  a  subquadrate  or  subovate  form,  broader  than  long,  lies  scarcely 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  e.xtending  from  the  costa  to  the  upper  branch 
of  the  cubital  vein  ;  another,  nearly  as  large  and  siinihir  in  form,  is  subapi- 
cal,  extending  from  just  l)eyond  the  last  fork  of  the  upper  braiu-h  of  the 
radial  vein  to  or  just  beyond  the  upper  fork  of  the  lowest  branch  of  the 
same;  a  third,  smaller,  transversely  oval  spot,  lies  next  the  inner  border, 
below  and  a  little  outside  the  first  mentioned,  being  situated  just  beneath 
the  ibrking  of  the  upper  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  ;  there  is  also  more  or 
less  pale  cloudiness  about  the  basal  half  of  tiie  wing,  and  white  flecks  may 
be  seen  at  various  points  near  the  tip,  especially  below  the  subapical  spot. 
Tlie,abdomen  resembles  somewhat  that  of  the  remarkable  Panorpa  nemato- 
gaster  M'Lachl.  from  Java,  where  it  is  greatly  elongated,  and  possesses  a 
curious  appendage  to  the  third  joint.  In  the  fossil  species,  the  first  three 
joints,  taken  together,  taper  gradually  and  slightly,  and  the  third  may  have 
had  a  peculiar  appendage  at  its  tip,  ;i  ^  the  edge  is  not  entire,  but  appears 
deeply  excavated  in  the  middle,  possibly  due,  however,  to  its  imperfect 
preservation ;  the  basal  half  of  the  fourth  joint  ])artakes  of  the  tapering  of 
the  abdomen,  but  its  apical  half  is  swollen  and  its  hind  margin  broadly 
rounded;  the  fifth  and  sixth  joints  are  a  little  longer  and  much  slenderer 
than  the  preceding,  subecpial  and  cylindrical ;  the  fifth  depressed  on  either 
side  at  the  base  by  a  pair  of  fovea? ;  the  seventh  again  nuich  smaller,  linear 
or  not  half  tho  width  of  the  sixth,  increasing  slightly  in  size  apically ;  the 
eighth  as  large  at  base  as  the  seventh  at  tip,  enlarging  slightly  apically,  and 
all  the  joints  together  half  as  long  again  as  the  wings.  Most  unfortunately, 
the  apical  joint  is  lost.     The  specimen  is  evidently  a  male. 

Length  of  insect  (exchidin>j  claw  of  abdomen),  30"'  ■■ ;  of  abdomen  (ex- 
eluding  claw),  2a'""':  of  front  wing,  18'"'";  breadth  of  .san'C,  5  .")""";  length  of 
hind  wing,  10.5""";  breadth  of  .same,  5""";  length  of  (fore  or  middle)  tibial 
spurs;  !■""';  of  one  of  the  (hind!)  tarsal  joints,  1.2"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  63. 


P** 


1. 


176 


TERTIARY  INSECJTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  PANORPA  LiniK^. 


A  aiiiglo  species  of  tliis  jjcnus  liiis  been  discovered  in  tlio  Tertiuries  of 
E»io|)e  (aiiibei)  and  wo  add  aiiotlier  fron>  the  Florissant  beds.  The  former 
has  tiie  winys  of  a  uniform  ash-gray.  Tiie  wings  of  tlie  hitter  are  heavily 
l^ai.ded,  very  nuich  more  heavily  tJian  in  most  modern  typos.  The  living 
representatives  of  this  genus  beh»ng  to  the  northern  hemisphere,  and  in  our 
own  country  range  from  Canada  t()  i\Ie.\ico,  so  that  the  presence  of  the 
genus  at  Florissant  has  no  particular  meaning. 

Panoupa  rigida. 

The  single  specimen  belonging  liere  shows  the  tapering,  attenuated 
abdomen  of  a  female  with  the  larger  part  of  most  of  the  wings,  of  which 
onh'  the  front  pair  an^  preserved  in  any  recognizable  manner.  Th  jse  show 
the  neiuatioii  tolerably  well,  and  it  agrees  bf^tter  with  the  living  Panorpa 
than  with  tlie  ('i)nt(!nn)oraneous  Iloh^orpa;  but  the  subcosta  is  unnsu.ally 
short,  reaching  j U.St  to  the  mi(hlle  of  the  wing,  and  the  cross- veins  are»few 
in  number.  The  wing  is  trav*«'sed  b\-  rather  narrow  transverse  belts  of  a 
dark  color,  on  a  eietir  ground,  piaired  at  f^iuidistant  intervals,  besides  hav- 
ing the  entii-e  apex  of  the  wing  dark  ;  tin—  li^dts  are  straight  with  straight 
edges;  on«^  traverses  the  middle  of  the  wing,  t»ne  lies  out.^ide  of  it  midway 
iiiiveen  it  and  ti*'  apical  ]iaT':i.  aiwi  a  tliiand  xs  'ir  fV'   n  it  to«  ird  the  base 

of  the  wing;  tht- clear  aren  l(«"w i   thes^    tx^ltr-  is  twice  as  broad  as  the 

belts  thems^'lves  Tlie  oiist.;i  is  sT,;ir.  "le  legs  are  verj' long  and  very 
•leHtler,  the  tibi.        m-r  s[)arwly  Sj^uied. 

Lengtii  of  wAuj**  (estimated),  11""";  brvjidth  of  same,  3.5""";  length  of 
dUHiien  (eNttnuMHJX  ;.■"";  (iiiud?)  tili^,  (probably)  5""". 

Florissant.     4lBe  gpeciuit-n,  N*».  ^13. 


1 


y  TRICHOPTERA  Kirby. 

rf  naaiMtii^'  caddis-flies  m  the  Tertiary  rocks  of  Europe 
h  wi*  alfttle  siirprisiwir.  Only  three  s|>ecie8  have  been  figured  and  a  fourth 
jc^Mitmed,  all  apparenrlr  represented  by  single  specimens  (from  Aix, 
Pwrwhlug,  M*»nibach,  and  the  Isle  of  Wijjh.t).  Another  species  has  been 
described  from  Greenland  by  Heer  and  fiom  Chagrin  Valley,  Colorado,  by 
H»ym.)lf.     That  they  were  abundant  is  proven  by  the  description  of  numer- 


i 


i: 


NBUROPTEBA— TEICeOPTERA. 


177 


1 

I 


1 


OU8  larval  cases  from  different  regions  of  Europe,  but  especially  from  Au- 
vergne  in  France;  it  is  also  proven  by  their  abundance  where  we  should 
at  first  little  look  for  them,  in  the  Prussian  amber,  where,  according  to 
Hagen,  they  are  more  numerous  than  any  other  group  of  insects,  excepting 
Diptera,  and  comprise  more  than  half  the  Neuroptera  and  Pseudoneuroptera 
combined.  Twenty-five  species  have  been  described  (by  Hagen  and  Pic- 
tet)  and  several  others  mentioned  (by  them  and  by  Kolenati)  from  amber, 
a  large  proportion  belonging  to  the  Hydropsychidse  and  especially  to 
Polycentropus,  of  which  eleven  species  are  described. 

Trichoptera  are,  however,  by  no  means  rare  at  Florissant,  and,  as 
stated  above,  a  single  species  has  been  described  from  western  Colorado. 
Indeed,  the  Neuroptera  from  the  prolific  lake  bed  of  Florissant  are  made  up 
in  large  part  of  ^IMchoptera,  of  which  many  hundred  specimens  have  been 
obtained.  The  larger  part  of  them,  indeed,  are  indeterminable,  but  there 
are  about  one  hundred  specimens  which  show  the  neuration  of  the  wings  or 
other  characteristic  part  with  some  distincitness ;  and  while  all  the  remains 
of  perfect  insects  from  the  Eui'opean  rocks  are  referred  to  the  single  sub- 
family of  Phryganidae,  at  Florissant  Limnojjhilidae,  Leptoceridaj,  and  espe- 
cially Hydropsychidse,  are  also  represented.  The  spscies  of  this  last  men- 
tioned group  are  also  murh  more  prolific  in  individuals,  and  the  prepon'lHl'- 
ance  in  species  wcild  be  even  more  marked  were  we  able  to  include  here 
all  the  species  really  found,  since  most  of  those  which  are  too  imperfect 
to  be  brought  forward  <videiitly  belong  to  this  group.  All  these  groups, 
and  indeed  all  the  subfamilies  of  Trichoptera,  are  represented  in  the  Prur.sian 
amber.  Hydropsychidse  are  by  far  the  most  niiiiorous,  as  in  '  rr  own 
Tertiaries.  Th«n  follow  in  tht?  order  of  abundance  LeptoceridjB,  Sericos- 
tomida;,  Phryganidae,  I&yacophilidse  and  Hydroptilida;,  and  Lininophilidae, 
the  last  having  but  one  representative. 

Wliile,  as  we  have  said,  the  bulk  of  the  specimens  of  Neuroptera 
found  a(  Florissant  belong  to  the  caddis-flies,  tae  specific  variety  of  such  as 
will  bear,  description  is  not  quite  so  great,  a»*  40  per  f^nt  of  all  belong 
here;  but  in  reljifion  to  any  one  other  large  group  the  number  of  species 
greatly  i)reponderate.s,  as  the  group  next  in  nine  in  point  of  species  is  the 
Odonata,  which  has  less  than  20  per  cent,  it  is  not  a  little  curious  to 
compare  this  statement  witli  Pictet's  cwjceming  the  amber  (^addis-flies : 
"Of  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  Neuroptera  examined  by  me  sixty- 
TOL  xiii 12 


i 


I 


178 


TBKTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ili 


five  were  Phryganirl.-e,  and  of  fifty  species  described  by  me  twenty-two 
[44  per  cent]  belong  to  this  fiunily  "  Of  these  sixty-five,  moreover,  forty 
were  referred  to  the  Hydropsychidre.  Hagen,  with  about  seven  times  as 
niany  specimens  before  him,  comes  to  nearly  the  same  conclusion,  for  he 
says  that  nearly  GO  per  cent  of  the  specimens  of  Neuroptera  are  caddis-flies, 
and  thirty -nine  of  the  eighty-seven  species  of  Neuroptera  given  in  his  table, 
or  45  per  cent,  are  referred  to  the  Trichoptera. 

In  this  enumeration  no  account  has  been  taken  of  the  occurrence  of 
larval  cases  of  caddis-flies  in  Tertiary  deposits,  to  which  reference  was 
made  above.  Auvergne  has  been  famous  for  these  which  form  the  so-called 
indusial  limestone  deposits,  so  abundant  are  they.  They  were  described 
b}  liosc  as  long  ago  as  the  year  XIII  (1805)  and  recently  have  been  dis- 
tinguished by  Oustalet  under  two  distinct  names.  Ilepp  also  described 
Phryganea  blumii  from  cases  found  at  Leistadt  and  Ileer  P.  antitpui  from 
Oeningen.  A  single  one  has  even  been  found  in  amber,  with  its  entombed 
larva,  and  Fritsch  describes  one  from  the  Cretaceous  of  Bohemia.  In  this 
country  Dr.  Peale  discovered  similar  remains,  which  I  have  described  as 
Indusia  calculosa.  The  two  fragments  of  rocks  brought  home  from  the  lo- 
cality in  Wyoming  formed  doubtless  the  floor  of  a  former  body  of  water 
and  are  thickly  crowded  witli  cases  lying  in  every  direction.  It  is  very 
probable  that  at  least  those  d<'.s(;ribed  her"  a;id  by  Hoh(!  and  Oustalet  be- 
long ii)  the  Linniophilida'.  That  in  the  abundant  fauna  found  in  the  lake 
bftsin  of  Florissant,  including,  as  we  see,  a  large  nund)er  of  caddis-flies,  nol 
a  single  larval  case  should  have  yet  been  found  seems  a  little  remarkable, 
and  the  more  so  since  not  a  few  belong  to  groups,  the  lai'va?  of  which  are 
known  to  prefer  standing  to  running  water.  It  is  hardly  to  be  believed 
that  the  streams  in  the  neighborhood  of  this  ancient  lake  abounded  in  the 
larva'  of  caddis-flies,  w]\\\('  tiic  waters  of  the  lake  itself  were  de.stitute  of 
theu).  Il  should  be  reniuinbered,  however  (I),  that  the  species  which  con 
strurt  cases  of  conspicuous  size  out  of  hard  materials  mostly  belong  to  the 
Limn«>philida3,  of  which  Florissant  furnishes  but  one  species ;  (2),  that  the 
larva;  of  the  prevailing  grouj>,  Hydropsycliida%  lore  commonly  inhabit 
running  water,  and  that  their  cases  are  made  of  grains  of  stone  aflixed  to 
larger  stones;  (3),  that  the  bottom  of  the  lake  in  which  the  insect  deposits 
occur  Tiovvhere  has  shown,  as  far  as  I  have  seen,  any  sign  of  stones  large 
enoup-h  to  have  served  as  a  basis  for  the  attachment  of  the  smaller  grains 


I 


NEDROPTERA— TUICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYCHID^E. 


179 


I 


which  alone  are  found,  and  that  therefore  tlie  hirvre  of  Hydropsychidfe 
must  have  frequented  peiforce  the  neighboring  streams,  where  such  larger 
stone  surfaces  could  have  been  found.  If  cases  should  be  found  tliey  will 
be  likely  to  be  those  of  the  larger  Phryganida;  (next  most  almndant  after 
the  Hydropsychidfie),  composed  of  vegetable  fragments.  Three  species  and 
seven  specimens  only  of  this  group  have  been  found.     (February,  1884.) 

Subfamily  HYnROPSYCHir).E  Curtis. 

Although  no  members  of  this  group  have  been  found  in  the  stratified 
deposits  of  the  Old  World,  about  half  of  the  numerous  species  described 
from  the  Baltic  amber  belong  to  it,  including  several  genera.  It  is  interest- 
ing, therefore,  to  find  that  about  three-fourths  of  the  Florissant  caddis-flies 
described  in  this  work  belong  here,  and  in  the  material  too  poorly  preserved 
to  bring  before  the  public  the  greater  part  also  belong  here.  Here,  too,  the 
species  seem  to  be  far  the  most  abundant  in.  individuals.  Among  those  de- 
scribed below  are  not  a  few  very  *<A)ftrrant  forms,  which  I  have  been  at  a  loss 
to  determine,  as  certain  of  them  seem  on  some  accounts  to  be  more  nearly 
related  to  the  Leptoceridw.  At  the  present  day  the  subfamily  appears  also 
to  be  the  most  numerous  in  .species  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  and  they 
are  found  all  over  the  world.  The  larvai  more  conunonly  frequent  rnniiino- 
than  standing  water,  make  fixed  cases,  and  are  believed  to  be  to  a  large 
extent  carnivorous. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  nydrot)a!iehid(e. 

(Only  the  extinct,  newly  described  genera,  in  which  the  lif  Mi  apical  cell  and  sometimes  some  of  the 
other  apical  cells  of  the  forf  wings  are  wantiux,  are  hero  tabulated.) 
First  apical  cell  present. 

.Second  apical  cell  present. 

Median  cellule  one-third  or  scarcely  more  thjin  one-third  as  long  a«  the  wing  .  .3.  Derobrocliiin. 
Median  cellule  one-half  ao  long  »s  the  wing 4.  Litohrochus 

Second  apical  cell  absent '..'.'.'.'.i' Lcptohrochus. 

First  apical  cell  absent. 

Discoidal  cell  open g.  Memhrochm. 

Discoidal  ceU  closed 7.  PaladueUa. 

1.  HYDROPSYOHE  Pictet. 

The  two  species  placed  here  by  us  from  the  American  Tertiaries  are 
referred  to  the  genus  in  its  ancient  wide  sense  as  representative  of  the  group 
to  which  it  belongs.     No  fossils  have  previously  been  referred  to  it 


Il 


180 


TEETIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEKIOA. 


Hydropsvcue?  operta. 


PI.  5,  Fi{,'8.  52.  53. 
Phryganea  operta  Scnilit.,  Bnll.  II.  S.  Oeol.  fJcogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  Ill,  762  (1877). 

A  single  well  preserved  specimen  with  its  reverse;  the  wings  are 
doubled  beneath  tlie  body,  and  unfortunately  are  overlaid  l)y  the  larva  akin 
of"  a  dipterous  insect,  obliterating  all  the  important  parts  of  the  neuration. 
On  this  account  it  is  iinj)ossible  to  determine  it  with  any  certainty,  but  it 
can  not  be  referred  to  the  Phryganidie  proper,  from  its  slender  antenna-  and 
long  and  slender  legs.  Renewed  study  of  the  specimen  since  the  above  was 
published  in  the  Bulletin  leads  me  to  believe  that  it  is  one  of  the  Hydropsy- 
chidiE  and  probably  not  far  removed  from  Polycentropus,  but  the  vena- 
tion is  too  obscure  to  enable  one  to  speak  confidently.  The  first  fork,  how- 
ever, a])pears  to  be  brief  and  upcurved,  exactly  as  in  Polycentropus  and  not 
as  given  in  the  plate.  The  head  is  detached  from  the  body,  and  faint  traces 
of  the  anteuuic  are  preserved,  but  detached ;  apparently  there  are  two  pairs 
of  spurs  to  what  appear  to  be  the  middle  tibiaj,  and  the  spines  of  the  under 
edge  of  the  same  tibia3  are  numerous.  The  abdomen  is  very  well  preserved 
on  a  side  view. 

Length  of  body,  8'"'" ;  (portion  of)  antenna^  7°"" ;  tarsi,  3.5""° ;  wings, 
10""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     W.  Denton. 

HyDROPSYCHE   MARCEN8. 


5    t 


m 


PI.  15,  Fig.  7. 

Only  two  specimens  of  this  species  are  known ;  it  seems  to  have  a  some- 
what peculiar  neuration,  but  its  imperfection  induces  me  to  place  it  in  the 
geinis  Hydropsyche  in  a  general  sense.  The  front  wings  are  very  long  and 
slender,  largest  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  the  apical  margin 
I'ounded  but  with  a  slight  acumination.  The  neuration  is  incorrectly  given 
in  the  plate.  No  cross-veins  can  be  accurately  determined,  but  it  seems 
apparent  that  the  discoidal  cell  must  be  of  unusual  size,  and  even  larger  than 
the  median  cellule,  which,  on  the  other  hand,  must  be  rather  smaller  than 
usual.     The  legs  and  antennae  are  long  and  slender. 

Length  of  body,  S"*™  ;  of  front  wings,  9-9.5"'™ ;  of  hind  legs,  6°"^. 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  1618,  11205. 


NKUKOl'TKBA— T1U011()1»TKKA— UYDUOl'HYCJillD.K.  . 


181 


2.  POLYCKNTROPns  Chirtis. 

This  is  an  important  gr<  ip  of  caddis-Hies  to  the  paleontolojjist,  since 
nearly  one-half  of  the  many  phryganids  described  from  the  Prussian  umber 
belong  to  it,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that  we  have  at  least  one  specie.-,  ia 
our  own  rocks.  The  present  distribution  of  the  species  is  mainly  in  Europe 
and  North  Auierioji,  where  they  are  numerous,  with  a  few  recorded  from 
Ceylon.  The  larva;,  according  to  McLachlau,  inhabit  shall<  <w,  rapid  streams, 
and  form,  Pictet  says,  no  firm  cases  until  about  to  change  to  pupa;.  In 
speaking  of  the  abundance  of  this  group  in  the  amber  fauna  McLachlan 
says:  "Insects  referred  to  Polyceritropus  in  its  broad  sense  seem  to  have 
been  very  common  in  the  Tertiary  period  when  amber  was  formed ;  their 
habit  of  concealing  themselves  in  the  crevices  of  the  bark  of  trees  probably 
caused  their  entanglement  in  the  resin  and  subsequent  fossilizatlon.'" 

P0LYC15NTROPU8   EXE8U8. 


A  delicate  winged,  sparsely  clothed  species  with  exceedingly  delicate 
antennae.  The  body  is  moderat(dy  slight,  the  head  small;  basal  joint  of 
antenna}  very  stout,  subglobular,  the  remainder  thread-like,  reaching  back 
beyond  the  closed  wings,  the  joints  three  to  four  times  longer  than  broad 
and  narrowly  ringed  with  black  at  the  incisures.  Legs  po'u-ly  preserved  in 
most  of  the  specimens,  but  only  moderately  slender,  the  tuvsi  rather  densely 
spinous.  Wings  moderately  slender,  broadest  at  the  anastomosis,  the  apex 
rather  broadly  rounded,  tolerably  clear,  but  with  heavily  infuscated  veins ; 
the  discoidal  is  much  longer  than  the  median  cellule,  and  the  second  apical 
cell  is  longer  than  the  third  and  fourth,  and  of  about  equal  length  with  the 
fifth ;  the  anastomosis  above  the  fifth  fork  lies  in  a  curve  subparallel  to  the 
apical  margin. 

Length  of  body,  7.5°"" ;  of  front  wing,  S""' ;  width  of  same,  2.6""" ; 
length  ofpntennsB,  11°"°;  of  hind  tibia?.,  4°'°';  of  hind  tarsi,  S.S""". 

Florissant.     Nine  s;)ecimen8,  Nos.  67,  571,  3143,  7428,  7873,  9549, 
10501,  12441,  13529. 

■  Trichoptera  £urop.  fauna,  398. 


*%. 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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2.5 
2.2 


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Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


.13  titSI  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(716)  •73-4503 


\^0 


fli 


182  •         TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

POLYCENTROPUS    (?)    EVIRATUS. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  7. 

A  single  specimen  with  its  reverse  is  placed  here  provisionally  simply 
from  its  general  resemblance  to  species  of  this  group.  A  crushed  body, 
heavily  scaled  wings,  an  antenna,  and  a  fragment  of  a  leg  are  all  that 
remain.  The  body  is  stout  and  apparently  clothed  densely.  The  antenna 
is  rather  slender,  tapering,  about  as  half  as  long  as  the  wings,  and  com- 
posed of  joints:  of  equal  length  and  breadth.  The  wings  are  folded  some- 
what, so  that  their  form  can  not  fully  be  seen,  but  they  ar^j  apparently  not 
slender  and  are  very  densely  scaled,  concealing  all  neuration ;  the  costal 
margin  is  very  gently  and  slightly  convex,  curving  downward  to  the  apex 
only  at  the  very  tip,  the  apex  far  above  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the 
apical  margin  oblique,  straight,  not  retreating  rapidly. 

Length  of  body,  11""";  of  front  wing,  10.5""";  of  antennae,  5°"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  12239  and  12240. 

3.  DEROBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  {d^po?,  /3p6xo?). 
A  large  proportion,  both  of  the  specimens  and  species,  of  Florissant 
caddis-flies  seems  to  belong  to  this  new  type  of  Hydropsychidie,  which  is 
allied  to  Polycentro))us  in  many  of  its  features,  but  is  remarkable  for  the 
length  of  the  cells  and  for  the  apparent  want  of  any  fifth  apical  cell.  The 
median  cellule,  which  is  generally  longer  than  the  discoidal,  is  often  one- 
tliird,  or  even  more  tiian  one-third,  the  length  of  the  wing,  and  the  lower 
brunch  of  the  upper  eub'tus  runs  straight  or  nearly  straight  to  the  margin, 
bending  sometimes  near  the  cross-veia  which,  near  the  margin,  connects  it 
V  ith  the  vein  below.  The  uppermost  apical  cell,  as  in  Polycentropus,  is 
small,  and  in  general  the  affinity  of  this  genus  to  that  is  marked ;  but  the 
absence  of  the  fifth  apical  cell  is  believed  to  be  sufficient  ground  for  generic 
distinction,  as  that  cell  is  generally  found  throughout  the  family.  The 
cross-vein  uiiiting  the  upper  and  lower  cubitak  is  variously  situated. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Derobrochua, 

Base  of  first  apical  eel",  of  front  wing  not,  or  sciiroely,  fartboi'  from  the  root  of  the  winy  than  the  base 
of  somo  of  the  other  apical  forks. 
First  upicul  coll  almost  at?  long  as  the  second ;  this  not  greatly  longer  1  ban  the  third ..  1.  D.  abgttaotua. 
First  apical  cell  much  shorter  than  the  second  ;  this  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  third. 

First  apical  cell  longer  than  the  fourth U.  1).  canulentus. 

First  apical  cell  shorter  than  the  fourth. 

First  apical  cell  curving  upward 4.  D.  eoiiniioraliia 

First  apical  cell  with  no  upward  curve 6.  D.  friyeacam. 


11*  Ji 


1 1 


NEUROPTBBA— TEICHOPTEKA— HfDROPSYOHlD^. 


183 


r 


Ba8e  of  first  apical  cell  considerably,  or  very  much,  farther  from  the  root  of  the  wing  than  the  base  of 
any  other  apical  fork. 
Third  and  fourth  apical  cells  about  equally  distant  from  base. 

Second  apical  cell  less  tba-.i  one-third  as  long  again  as  the  third 3.  D.  (siernus. 

Second  apica)  cell  half  a<i  lougugain  us  the  third 5.  D.  marcidim. 

Fourth  apical  cell  reachi  ng  much  nearer  the  base  than  the  third 7.  J>.  craterte. 

1.    DeKOBROCHUS   A1J8TR actus. 

A  single  specimen,  preserved  on  a  side  view,  so  as  to  show  the  upper 
lialf  of  the  under  surfaoe  of  the  right  front  wing,  and  in  addition  the  uivper 
surface  of  the  whole  of  the  left  front  wing,  overlying  the  hind  wing  and 
confusing  the  neuration.  Little  besides  the  wings  can  be  seen,  but  the 
stout  cylindrical  basal  joint  of  the  antennaj  appears,  followed  by  a  few  sim- 
ilar but  much  slenderer  joints.  The  front  wing  is  slender,  subacuminate 
at  tip,  the  costal  margin  falling  toward  the  tip  at  about  the  same  angle  as 
the  apical  margin  retreats  from  it,  the  apex  itself  rounded  off,  and  rather 
above  the  middle  line  of  the  wing.  The  first  apical  cell  is  remarkably  long, 
the  fork  originating  at  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing,  and  of  the 
same  length  as  the  third  apical  cell ;  the  second  apical  cell  is  only  a  little 
longer.  The  wing  is  apparently  clear,  with  the  veins  narrowly  marked 
with  fuscous  and  faintly  irrorate  with  fuscous  at  their  tips. 

Length  of  body,  9°"";  of  front  wing,  11°"°;  width  of  same,  3.3°"°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  9377. 

2.  Derobeochus  c^nulentus. 

This  species  is  represented  again  by  a  single  specimen,  showing  a  dor- 
sal view  of  a  vague  body  with  outstretched  front  wings,  one  of  which  is 
nearly  complete  and  tolerably  well  preserved,  showing  a  portion  at  least  of 
the  neuration  with  clearness.  The  wing  is  not  so  acuminate  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species  and  the  apex  is  in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  first  apical 
cell  thouga  long  is  shorter  than  in  D.  abstractus,  but  extends  farther  toward 
the  base  tl:an  eitlier  the  third  or  fourth  cell,  these  last  being  much  shorter 
than  in  the  pr'jceding  species.  The  discoidal  cell  is  apparently  fully  as  long 
as  the  median  cellule,  but  its  limits  are  not  clearly  marked;  the  latter  is  as 
long  as  the  fourth  fork  and  very  slendei*.  The  wing  appears  to  be  clear  with 
infuscated  veins,  and  the  whole  costal  margin  broadly  but  faintly  infuscated. 

Length  of  wing,  8..5"°' ;  breadth  o'"  same,  2.6™"' ;  length  of  median  cel- 
lule, 2"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14444. 


184 


TBRTIABY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


! 


in 


\"^K. 


3.  Debobbochus  ^tebnus. 

This  species  is  again  represented  by  a  single  specimen  bnt  in  a  better 
state  of  preservation  than  the  preceding  forms.  It  presents  a  side  view 
with  the  upper  front  wing  well  preserved,  and  the  lower,  though  visible  by 
drooping,  obscure.  The  legs  are  tolerably  well  preserved  but  confused ; 
they  are  sparsely  clothed  with  hairs  and  the  tibial  spurs  can  not  properly  be 
distinguished.  The  front  wing  is  slender,  broadest  only  a  little  way  beyond 
the  middle,  the  apex  well  rounded,  and  the  apical  margin  very  oblique  but 
full.  The  discoidal  and  median  cells  are  about  equally  long  and  slender 
and  nearly  as  long  as  the  second  apical  cell,  which  is  fully  one-third  the 
length  of  the  entire  w  ing.  The  third  and  fourth  apical  cells  are  of  about 
equal  length  and  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  first.  The  anastomosis  is  very 
simple,  the  cross-veins  closing  the  discoidal  cell  and  uniting  the  sector  and 
cubitus  falling  together  just  beyond  the  origin  of  the  second  apical  foi"k. 
The  wing  as  preserved  is  clear  in  the  apical  fourth  but  elsewhere  irror^te 
with  fuscous,  the  veins  everywhere  infuscated. 

Length  of  front  wing,  9.75""°;  breadth,  ^l"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  5308. 

4.    DeROBEOCHUS   C0MM0EATU8. 

A  species  closely  allied  to  the  last  described,  and  mainly  distinguisha- 
ble from  it  by  its  shorter  and  much  slenderer  wings.  A  number  of  speci- 
mens appear  to  belong  here,  but  none  of  them  are  very  well  preserved. 
The  body  is  slender,  the  legs  long  and  slender,  but  with  i-ather  stout  femoi'a, 
the  front  legs  short  and  slight.  There  is  a  single  pair  of  spurs  on  the  front 
legs,  and  two  pairs  on  the  hind  legs.  The  front  wings  are  pretty  uniformly 
fuliginous  with  fuscescent  veins ;  it  is  very  slender,  broadest  close  to  the 
apex,  the  tip  rounded  and  placed  considerably  above  the  middle,  the  apical 
margin  much  less  oblique  than  in  D.  aeternus.  The  neuration  is  identical 
with  Ihat  species. 

Length  of  body,  8.5""" ;  of  front  wing,  9°"" ;  breadth  of  same,  2.75""" ; 
length  of  fore  femora,  l.e'"" ;  of  fore  tibia,  l.l""' ;  of  middle  femora,  3.25"'"' ; 
of  hind  tibia,  2.6"'"'. 

Florissant.  Ten  specimens,  Nos.  2661,  3237, 3343,  3350,  6848, 13539, 
13542  and  14170,  14029,  14171,  14312. 


f 


i 


1 


' 


r 


NBUKOPTEBA— TBICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYOHID^ 


5.  Debobbochus  mabcidus. 


185 


PI.  15,  Fig.  2. 

A  slender  winged,  griseous  species,  not  far  removed  from  D.  commo- 
ratus.  The  body,  however,  is  tolerably  stout,  densely  clothed,  the  head 
small,  with  very  slender  pale  antenna?,  the  basal  joint  stout  and  globular, 
the  other  joints  slender,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  narrowly  ringed 
apically  with  fuscous.  The  legs  are  very  long  and  delicate,  the  middle  and 
hind  tibiae  with  two  pairs  of  spurs.  Front  wingA  griseous,  rather  heavily 
clothed  with  hairs,  especially  along  the  veins,  which  are  thereby  duskier ; 
they  are  slender,  well  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  not  acuminate,  as  would 
appear  from  the  figure,  where  the  wing  is  partially  folded  ;  the  neuration  is 
imperfectly  shown  in  the  plate.  The  first  apical  cell  is  very  small,  the  third 
a  little  longe.  than  the  fourth  and  much  shorter  than  the  second,  which  is 
very  long,  nearly  reaching  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  length  of  the  dis- 
coidal  and  median  cells  can  not  be  accurately  determined. 

Length  of  body,  6.76°"» ;  of  fore  femora,  1.4°"" ;  mid  femora,  2.2""" ; 
mid  tibiae,  2°";  hind  femora,  3""";  hind  tibiae,  2.75"";  front  wings,  T-S""; 
width  of  same,  2.75""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  9416  and  9621,  10106,  12010. 

6.  Debobbochus  fbioescens. 
PL  15,  Figs.  6, 16. 

Derobroohu$  frigeioent  Soadd.,  Zittel,  Haadb.  d.  Palseont.,  I,  ii,  779,  Pig.  986  (1885). 

A  somewhat  stout  bodied  but  small  species,  the  sn^allest  of  the  genus, 
not  very  heavily  clothed  with  scales.  The  head  is  moderately  large  and 
the  antennae  very  slender,  with  a  large  globose  basal  joint.  The  legs  are 
only  preserved  in  a  fragmentary  way  in  all  the  specimens.  The  front  wings 
are  tolerably  broad,  broadest  only  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  the  apex 
scarcely  subacurainate  but  well  rounded,  the  apical  margin  obhque  but  full , 
the  first  apical  fork  is  unusually  straight  with  no  upward  curve,  and  the 
cell  not  much  shorter  than  the  third  apical  cell ;  the  second  apical  cell  is 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  third,  anu  the  fourth  falls  about  midway  between 
them  in  length ;  the  discoidal  cell  and  the  median  are  of  about  equal  length 
with  the  second  apical  cell,  and  are  very  slender,  particularly  the  median. 
These  features  are  not  all  produced  in  the  plate. 


:i 


186 


TERTIARY  INSBOTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


m 


i ; 


iif -■■ 

r  I ' 


.•', 


Ill 


Length  of  body,  6.5""» ;  of  f-ont  wing,  7""" ;  width  of  same,  2.85"'"'. 
Fbrissant.     Seven  specimens,  Nos.    1027,    1718,    2677,  4633,  5433, 
10900,  10953. 

7.  Debobbochus  ceateb^. 
PI.  13,  Fig.  13;  PI.  15,  Fig.  4. 

A  moderate-sized  species,  with  dusky  wings,  the  veins  infuscated.  The 
body  is  moderately  stout,  but  no  parts  are  fairly  preserved  but  the  front 
wings.  These  are  moderately  slender,  the  tip  rounded,  the  apical  margin 
oblique  and  only  a  little  full,  the  broadest  part  of  the  wing  near  the  middle  of 
the  outer  half;  the  first  apical  cell  (not  shown  in  the  figures)  is  very  small, 
considerably  smaller  than  the  third,  which  last  is  only  a  little  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  slightly  longer  than  its  stalk ;  discoidal 
and  median  cells  very  long  and  Jender  and  of  about  equal  size. 

Lengrh  of  body,  7-8.5°'"' ;  of  front  wings,  8""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2.6"'"'; 
length  of  hind  wings,  e™". 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  2514,5059,  14235;  and  from  the 
Princeton  Collection  No.  1.947. 

4.  LITOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (\it6?,  fipoxo?). 

This  name  is  proposed  to  include  a  single  species  of  Florissant  Hydro- 
psychidaj,  allied  to  Polycentropus  and  Derobrochus,  and  especially  the  lat- 
ter, but  differing  from  them  in  some  points  in  the  neuration  of  the  wing. 
Like  Derobrochus,  there  is  no  fifth  apical  cell  in  the  front  wing,  thus  clearly 
separating  it  from  Polycentropus.  It  differs  from  Derobrochus  in  the  still 
more  intensified  elongation  of  the  interior  cells,  and  in  the  minuteness  of  the 
first  apical  cell,  which  is  relatively  not  half  so  large  as  in  any  species  of 
Derobrochus.  The  anastomosis  is  also  very  widely  separated,  the  median 
cell  extending  far  toward  the  margin  and  being  half  as  long  as  the  wing  itself 

LiTOBEOCHUS  EXTEBNATUS. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  10. 

A  single  specimen  shows  the  body,  fore  legs,  and  front  wings.  It  is  a 
tolerably  large  species  with  moderately  slender  body.  The  front  legs  are 
small  and  the  tibia  bears  a  single  pair  of  spurs.  The  front  wings  are  slender, 
broadest  before  the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  the  apex  produced  and  nearly 


NEUROPTEEA— TKICHOPTERA— HYDROPSYCHlDvE. 


187 


in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  costal  margin  falling  obliquely  to  the  tip 
over  a  considerable  area,  and  the  apical  margin  equally  oblique  below  the 
apex ;  iho  contrast  in  the  length  of  the  first  and  second  apical  cells  is  very 
marked ;  the  cross-vein  uniting  the  sector  and  cubitus  falls  at  the  origin  of 
the  second  apical  cell,  and  the  median  and  discoidal  cells  originate  side  by 
side ;  none  of  the  cross-veins  are  shown  in  the  plate.  The  wing  is  clear, 
excepting  for  a  slight  infuscation  along  the  costal  edge  and  the  infuscation 
of  the  veins. 

Length  of  body,  10""°;  of  front  wings,  10""" ;  breadth  of  same,  a.SS"" ; 
length  of  fore  femora,  l.?"'";  tibiae,  1.7""". 

!•  lorissant.     One  specimen,  No.  14210. 


5.  LEPTOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (AeTrrd?,  fip6xo?). 

This  genus,  which  includes  only  one  species,  is  remarkable  for  lacking 
not  only  the  fifth,  but  the  second,  apical  cell.  In  other  respects  it  does  not 
differ  from  Derobrochus,  except  in  having,  as  in  Litobrochus,  an  extremely 
long  median  cell,  due,  however,  not  to  the  extension  of  the  cell  toward  the 
margin,  but  to  its  basal  extension  by  the  earlier  origin  of  the  middle  branch 
of  the  upper  cubital  vein. 

Leptobrochus  luteus. 
PI.  15,  Pigs.  1,  3. 

This  abundant  species  is  rarely  well  preserved.  It  has  a  slender  body, 
long  and  narrow  wings,  very  slender  legs,  and  antennai  longer,  so  far  as 
known,  than  any  other  of  our  fossil  species,  being  nmch  more  than  twice 
the  length  of  the  body  (including  the  closed  wings) ;  the  joints  are  about 
four  times  longer  than  broad,  very  slender,  and  the  incisures  marked  with 
fuscous ;  the  first  joint  is  stout  and  obovate.  The  front  wings  are  very 
long  and  slender,  the  apex  produced,  subacuminate  and  scarcely  above  the 
middle ;  the  first  apical  cell  is  tolerably  small,  and  the  discoidal  cell  appar- 
ently open ;  the  median  cell,  however,  is  closed,  and  the  cell  itself  exceed- 
ingly long,  the  closure  being  a  little  before  the  origin  of  the  third  apical 
cell,  which  is  not  quite  so  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  wing  and  shorter  than 
the  fourth  apical  cell ;  these  features  of  the  neuration  do  not  appear  in  the 
figures  on  the  plate. 


188 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERKJA, 


m\ 


Length  of  body,  9°"" ;  of  front  wing,  9°"" ;  breadth  of  same,  2.2"'" ; 
length  of  antenniv,  21""". 

Florissant.  Sixteen  specimens,  Nos.  1655,  3638,  3702,  6039,  7030, 
7149,  7990,  8013  and  10341,  8065,  8325,  8392,  8857,  9578,  10016,  10239, 
12014. 

6.  MESOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (ju^ao?,  /3p6xo?). 

This  is  a  roculiar  group,  not  only  for  the  limited  number  of  apical  cells, 
the  first  as  well  as  the  fifth  being  absent,  but  also  for  the  great  and  nearly 
equal  length  of  all  the  other  apical  cells  and  the  distance  of  the  anastomosis 
from  the  apical  margin  ;  indeed,  nearly  or  quite  a  third  of  the  wing  at  tlie 
apex  is  filled  onlywith  longitudinal  and  parallel  veins,  as  in  some  T.epto- 
ceridae.  The  median  cell,  on  the  contrary,  is  not  very  long,  as  it  is  in 
nearly  all  the  other  genera  we  have  here  considered;  the  discoidal  cell 
appears  to  be  open,  an  anomalous  peculiarity  for  one  of  the  Hydropsychida\ 

Table  of  the  »pecie»  of  Mesohrochut. 

Fore  wings  nearly  /oar  times  as  long  as  broad 1.  M.  letliaiua. 

Foro  wiags  scarcely  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 2.  M.  imbecillus. 


1.  Mesobrochus  LETH^US. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  11, 

A  small  slender  species.  Body  slender,  moderately  clothed  with  scales. 
Antennfe  with  basal  joint  very  large,  as  long  as  the  hea<l,  the  rest  slender 
and  cylindrical,  tapering  sensibly  to  the  tip,  as  long  as  the  body  (without 
the  wings).  Legs  very  slender.  Wings  very  long  and  slender,  the  rounded 
apex  in  the  middle  line  and  the  margins  curving  equally  to  it  above  and 
below  ;  second  apical  cell  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  wing,  third  and  fourth 
sto])ping  abruptly  at  the  anastomosis,  which  falls  just  beneath  the  tip  of 
the  subcostal  nervure ;  the  discoidal  cell  is  open  and  the  median  not  very 
long,  reaching  as  far  toward  the  base  as  to  bring  the  base  of  the  second 
apical  cell  over  its  center ;  the  neuration  as  given  in  the  plate  is  wrong. 

Length  of  body,  e™"" ;  of  front  wing,  7"""";  width  of  same,  1.85"""; 
length  of  antennae,  G"""". 

Florissant.  Fourteen  specimens,  Nos.  544,  1665,  2268,  2520,  2566, 
4584,  6884,  7792,  7898,  10720,  10899,  11132,  12015  and  12789,  33540. 


NEUROPTERA— TRICHOPTERA— IIYDROPSYCHID.E. 


189 


2.  Mesobrochus  imbb:cillu8. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  13. 

Closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  ji  smaller  and  comparatively  stouter 
form.  The  basal  joint  of  the  antenna;  is  cylindrical,  and  though  very  large 
not  HO  stout  as  in  tiuit  species,  but  the  stalk  is  as  there  Tlie  legs  are  a  little 
shorter  and  less  slender.  Wings  shaped  as  in  M.  letha^us,  but  compara- 
tively a  little  shorter;  the  neuration  appears  to  be  identiciil  with  that  of  the 
other  species  (it  is  wronglv  ^iven  on  the  plate),  excepting  that  the  anasto- 
mosis is  even  farther  tov      .  the  base  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  5.5""" ;  of  front  wing,  6.25"""  ;  width  of  same,  2'""'. 

Florissant.  Sixteen  specimens,  Nos.  1306  and  442;{,  2177,  2364,  2984, 
4908,  5462,  6861,  7042,  7568,  7883,  10225,  10407,  10430,  11005,  12234, 
13138. 

7.   PALADICELLA  gen.  nov.  (^TraXmo?^  a-,  (ii)CE\\a). 

Still  another  anomalous  genus  is  found  among  the  Florissant  Hv- 
dropsychida;,  in  some  "espects  allied  to  Mesobrochus,  since  the  first  and  fifth 
apical  cells  are  vviinting  and  the  other  apical  cells  are  nearly  eciual  and  long. 
The  other  features,  however,  are  very  different,  partly  perhaps  from  the 
much  greater  comparative  brevity  and  breadth  of  the  wing.  The  third  and 
fourth  apical  cells  are  so  closely  approximated  as  nearly  to  touch  throughout 
their  length,  even  to  the  very  margin  of  the  wing.  The  discoidal  cell  is 
closed  and  relatively  much  shorter  than  it  would  be  in  Mesobrochus  were 
it  closed  at  the  same  time ;  that  is  to  say,  the  branch  of  the  sector  usually 
furnishing  the  first  apical  sector  has  a  much  later  origin  in  Paladicella  than 
in  Mesobrochus.  The  name  given  is  not  meant  to  have  any  reference  to 
the  recent  genus  Adicella. 

Paladicella  eruptionis. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  14. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse,  toler- 
ably well  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view  with  partially  expanded  wings.  The 
body  is  moderately  slender  and  not  heavily  clothed,  the  head  r.ither  small, 
front  legs  not  very  large.  The  wings  are  not  slender,  broadest  before  the 
apical  third,  with  rounded  contours,  the  well  rounded  apex  above  tha  mid- 
dle, the  apical  margin  more  oblique  than  the  costal  as  it  falls  to  the  apex. 


190 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERIOA. 


The  wing  ia  tolerably  dear,  slightly  infuscated  next  the  costa  with  ftjHcous 
veins.  The  neiinitiou  along  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  is  not 
correctly  given  in  the  plate ;  the  vein  above  the  lowest  forked  vein  (con- 
taining the  foiu-th  apical  cell)  is  also  equally  but  not  so  widely  forked,  and 
it  does  not  connect  (excepting  by  a  cross-^ein)  with  the  vein  above,  but 
much  farther  toward  the  base  with  the  vein  below,  its  fork  containing  the 
third  apical  cell. 

Length  of  body,  9'"'" ;  of  front  wing,  10.5"""  ;  breadth  of  same,  4""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  8422  and  13004. 

8,  TINODES  Curtis. 

The  single  species  referred  here  provisionally  ia  shown  by  its  neuration 
to  belong  elsewhere,  and  is  merely  placed  here  for  convenience  and  for  want 
of  a  better  place.     Moreover  two  species  have  been  found  in  amber. 


iSi 


,  1 


TiNOUES    (?)    PALUDIGENA. 

PI.  15,  Fig.  9. 

An  interesting  little  species,  apparently  belonging  near  this  genus,  but 
in  which  the  neuration  is  even  simpler,  though  being  in  large  part  obscure, 
the  species  is  placed  here  provisionally.  The  body  is  moderately  slender, 
the  legs  rather  short.  The  front  wings  are  not  very  slender,  broadest  in 
the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  beyond  which  the  wing  tapers  rapidly  and 
almost  equally  above  and  below  to  a  rounded  apex.  Only  the  firs*^^  and 
third  apical  cells  are  present  and  both  very  large  and  with  a  long  stalk,  the 
veins  originating  far  toward  the  base.  This  alone  shows  it  can  not  be  a 
Tinodes,  but  the  anastomosis  can  not  be  made  out.  The  hind  wing  is  con- 
siderably shorter  than  the  front  wing,  broadest  near  the  base,  has  a  pretty 
strongly  curved  costal  margin  terminating  abruptly  in  a  pointed  apex,  from 
which  the  oblique  apical  margin  retreating  rapidly  blends  by  one  curv .  in 
the  inner  margin ;  the  second  and  third  apical  cells  only  are  present,  of 
about  equal  and  considerable  length,  the  latter  nearly  reaching  the  middle 
of  the  wing;  an  interesting  feature  of  this  wing  is  a  large  spreading  tn.ft  of 
dark  hairs  longer  than  the  width  of  the  thorax,  springing  from  near  the  base 
of  the  costal  area. 


i 


NEUROPTERA-TRIOHOPTRRA— LEPTOCERID.K. 


191 


Length  of  body,  r)-6.25""";  of  front  wing,  5.5""";  of  hind  wing,  4"""; 
breadth  of  front  wing,  1.5""°;  of  hitnl  wing,  1.2""";  length  of  tuft  of  hairs, 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2142,  61)G4,  10702,  13137. 

Subifeimily  LEPTOCERID/l':  Stophonw. 

No  fossil  species  of  this  subfamily  have  been  described,  biit  Hagen 
mentions  several  species  which  he  refers  to  Mystacides  and  Odontocerum. 
Two  Florissant  species  are  found,  which  are  believed  to  be  most  nearly  al- 
lied to  Setodes.  The  larvse  of  this  group  are  found  more  often  in  running 
than  in  standing  water,  but  frequent  both ;  the  case  is  usually  a  free  sand 
tube ;  the  members  of  the  subfamily  are  distributed  all  over  the  world. 

SETODES  Rambur. 

This  genus,  as  existing  at  present,  is  found  well  represented  in  regions 
as  wide  apart  and  as  different  as  North  America,  Europe,  and  the  East 
Indies.  None  have  before  been  reported  fossil,  and  the  two  species  we  have 
referred  here  are  so  placed  more  from  their  general  aspect  than  for  any 
other  more  solid  reason.  The  form  and  pointedness  of  the  wings  and  the 
general  structure  of  the  antennae  and  legs  look  evidently  in  this  direction. 
The  larvaj  of  this  group  inhabit  both  standing  and  running  waters. 

Table  of  the  upeciea  of  Setodet. 

Winjrs  at  rest  eicteiidiii);  far  boyontl  tho  abdomen 1.  S.  portionalin. 

Wiiigs  at  rest  not  reaohin^  the  tip  of  the  abdomen 2.  S.  abbreviata. 

1.  Setodes  PORTIONALIS. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  15, 

A  single  specimen  is  placed  here,  the  pointed  form  of  the  wings,  the 
size,  and  the  whole  aspect  indicating  this  group  of  caddis-flies ;  the  wings, 
however,  are  so  thickly  clothed  with  scales  that  no  neuration  can  be  dis- 
tinguished, '^i  he  body  is  tolerably  slender,  the  antennae  and  legs  exceedingly 
long ;  only  a  portion  of  one  antenna,  as  long  as  the  body,  is  preserved,  but 
this  shows  no  indication  whatever  of  diminution  in  size ;  it  is  rather  stout, 
as  stout,  indeed,  as  the  tarsi,  and  the  joints  four  or  five  times  as  long  as  broad, 
cylindrical,  pale  brown,  with  dark  brown  incisures ;  the  length  of  the  basal 
joints  is  not  determinable.     The  legs  extend  a  long  way  beyond  the  tip  of 


r 


192 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tlie  clo«ed  wings  und  are  very  slender ;  the  front  pair,  however,  are  m  < 
shorter  than  the  others.  The  front  wings  are  very  slender,  densely  pubes- 
cent, wlum  dosed  extending  some  way  beyond  the  tip  of  the  body,  the 
portion  so  extended  tapering  to  a  slender  but  rounded  tip  which  is  near  the 
upper  margin  of  the  wing,  the  costal  border  being  almost  uniformly  and 
gently  convex,  and  not  falling  rapidly  next  the  tip,  while  the  apical  margin 
below  the  tip  is  exceedingly  oblique  until  the  tip  of  the  body  is  reached. 

Length  of  l)ody,  fi""' ;  of  front  wing,  fi""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1""° ;  length 
of  antennal  joints,  0.5""" ;  of  mid  tibia'  and  tarsi  together,  4.5°"" ;  reach  of 
hind  legs  beyond  body,  3..5'"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  11764. 

2.  Setodes  abbreviata. 

A  single  specimen  only  has  been  found,  closely  allied  to  the  preceding 
but  with  remarkably  abbreviated  wings.  The  body  is  moderately  slender, 
densely  pubescent,  the  antennte  black,  of  the  length  of  the  body,  of  the  same 
stoutness  as  in  the  preceding,  but  with  joints  scarcely  no  long  and  densely 
and  very  finely  covered  with  hairs.  Legs  not  perfectly  preserved  but  a 
little  stouter  than  in  S.  portionalis.  Wings  very  much  shorter  than  the  body, 
very  slender  lanceolate,  the  apical  portion  narrowing,  more  rapidly  below 
than  above,  to  a  sharply  pointed  tip,  black,  densely  clothed  with  long  hair- 
like scales. 

Length  of  body,  6.5°"";  of  front  wing,  3.5"";  breadth  of  wing,  0.65°'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5218. 


t 


Subfamily  LIMNOPHILID^E  McLaohlan. 

A  single  member  of  this  group  has  been  found  fossil  in  Prussian  amber, 
a  species  of  Halessus.  Besides  this,  however,  several  larval  cases  have  been 
described,  some  at  least  of  which  appear  to  belong  here,  as  it  contains  at  the 
present  day  all  the  larger  caddis-flies  which  ornament  their  larval  cases  with 
shells  and  other  odd  substances.  To  this  list  we  can  now  add  from  America 
one  of  each  kind,  a  winged  insect  and  a  larval  case  constructed  of  grains  of 
stone.  The  group  as  it  exists  to-day  is  mainly  confined  to  the  northern 
hemisphere,  north  of  the  tropics,  but  it  reappears  to  some  extent  in  corre- 
sponding portions  of  the  southern  hemisphere,  at  least  in  America 


r 


i 


NEUUOI'TEUA-TIIIOHOPTEUA— LlMNOrillLlD.E. 


LIMNOPIIILUS  IJurmeister. 


193 


This  genus  has  never  lieen  reported  fossil,  nnfl  in  placing  in  it  the 
species  below  the  intention  is  only  to  indicate  its  affinities.  The  gemis  is 
boreal  and  wide  spread,  and  the  larviu  are  generally  found  in  standing 
water 

LlMNOPHILirS   80PORATII8. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  5. 

A  couple  of  specimens  are  referred  here,  in  only  one  of  which  is  the 
neuration  sufficiently  distinct  to  be  deternnned  with  any  probability,  and  in 
this  it  is  somewhat  obscure  and  is  not  fully  shown  in  the  plate ;  nearly  all 
the  veins  and  cross-veins  in  the  outfc»'  half  of  the  wing  can,  liowcer,  be 
traced  with  more  or  loss  (Mstinctnoss,  though  the  cross-veins  are  certainly 
obscure;  the  neuration,  as  thus  limited,  is  wholly  that  of  Limnophilus. 
The  front  wings  are  moderately  long  and  narrow,  tlio  costal  margin  rather 
strongly  arched  in  the  apical  half,  curving  downward  to  the  bluntly  acunn'- 
nate  apex,  the  apical  margin  sharply  and  very  obliquely  truncate  Dis- 
coidal  cellules  short,  much  shorter  than  its  foot-stalk ;  anastomosis  of  the 
lower  half  of  the  wing  continuous. 

Length  of  front  wing,  121)""". 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  1441,  13007. 

INDUSIA  Bosc. 

In  certain  parts  of  Auvergne,  France,  rocks  are  found  whioh  for  a  thick- 
ness of  sometimes  two  meteru  or  more  are  wholly  made  up  of  the  remains  of 
the  cases  of  caddis-flies.  These  have  been  frequently  mentioned  by  writers 
and  were  first  described  and  figured  by  Hose  early  in  the  century  under  the 
name  of  Indusia  tubulosa.  Oustalet  in  his  recent  treatise  on  the  fossil  in- 
sects of  Auvergne,*  describes  two  forms,  one  from  Clermond  and  the  otlier 
from  St.  Gorand,  which  he  distinguishes  under  the  names  Phryganea  cor- 
entina  and  P.  gerandina,  principally  from  their  difference  in  size  and  strength, 
and  a  distinction  in  the  minute  shells — species  of  Paludina — of  which  the 
cases  are  composed. 

These  cases,  like  the  somewhat  similar  ones  composed  of  grains  of  stone 
which  are  described  below,  are  all  apparently  made  by  species  of  Limno- 


VOL  XIII- 


'  fllbl.  ficole  Httut.  Etudes;  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  4,  pp.  101-102. 
-13 


194 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTU  AMERICA. 


M 


pliiHdrt",'  tlio  larvfc  of  which  group  aro  voinarkablo  for  tho  variety  of  objects 
thoy  use  for  tho  constriictioji  of  their  cases,  it  wouhl  seem  desiruhlo  j>,t 
present,  whihi  phicing  Iiulusia  in  tliis  group,  to  inchtde  in  it  all  larval 
case;",  of  extuict  Trichoptera  until  they  can  ho  more  definitely  placed  or 
distinguished. 

I'hose,  however,  are  not  the  only  instances  of  larval  cases  of  Trichop- 
tera found  fossil.  Ilepp,  ;n  1844,"  describes  some  from  the  rocks  at  lioisladt, 
near  Diirkheim,  und(>rthe  name  of  Phryganea  blumii,  and  lleer  a  few  years 
later'  in  his  classic  work  describes  and  figures  a  similar  instance  from 
Ooiiingen,  under  the  name  of  I'hryganea  autiijua,  in  which  the  case  was  in 
part  madr  r.p  of  bits  of  sticks.  Ibit  the  uu>st  surprising  discovery  of  this 
sort  is  that  of  supposed  larval  cases  of  I'ln yganida'  in  amber.'  According  to 
Dr.  Ila^jfeu,  Pictet  thought  then>  larval  cases  of  a  tineid,  but  Zeller  believed 
thoy  were  trichopterous,  tho  larva*  still  remaining  inclo.sed  and  appearing 
to  belong  near  Mystacidos.  As  pltryganid  larvio  aro  acpiatic  almost  without 
exception,  tluur  discovery  in  and)er  is  certainly  surprising.  A  tube-liko 
larval  case,  presumably  triclu.])terous,  has  also  been  described  unde  •  tho 
name  of  IMiryganiva  micacea  and  figured  by  Fritsch*  fron»  the  Cretaceous 
clay-schists  of  Kounic,  Viohemia  ;  and  Marion"  describes  larval  cases  on  tho 
leaf  of  ;i  fossil,  Nymph;ea,  in  Provence,  very  like  those  attached  to  similar 
leuvoa  to-day. 

Inihtsia  calculosa. 
PI.  1,  I'ifj.  4. 

rniiimia  rncciihm  Soiiil.l.,  Hill!.   IT.  S.  Gool.  (icoKr.   Sniv.  Terr.,  IV.  ri.«'.>-r)4:!  (1H78);  Ann.  Ron.  U.S. 
(J.'ol.  (Jt'.)Kr   Siirv.  TiTr.,  XI,  (i:iH-C.:«t  (lf79) ;  in  ."it«i>l,  Uaiulli.  d.  I'lilii-ont.,  I,  li,  778,  Kig.  9K-.(lfff.). 

Dr.  A.  {\  Pealo,  in  his  explorations  muler  the  t^urvfy,  discovered  in 
(I.'p(>sits,  which  lie  consid  >rs  as  probably  belonging  to  the  upper  (Ireen 
Uiver  group,  or  possibly  to  the  lower  [lart  of  the  Urilger  group,  beds  of 
limestone,  tiie  upper  floor  of  whicii  is  com})letely  <H)vered  with  petrified 
cases  of  caddis-flies,  all  i)eh.nging  to  a  single  species,  which  may  bear  tho 
namo  we  have  applied  to  it  above.  'J'hoy  vary  from  14  to  1!)"""  in  length, 
from  4  to  .'">"""  in  diaiiiotor  at  their  open  anterior  extremity,  and  from  iJ  to 

'  .S<'i<  on  tliimioiiit,  Mul.nclilun,  I'mn.  Knt.  Sor,  l.onil.,  'SHiJ,  1H-U>. 

■<  TiiIiitnI..  rolllrliiii,  V()l.  ',',i)p.  li>-9:». 

■'Iti-ii'iuU,  IliMimt.  lirfiiuU.  nrKiiii.  Riwtto  Viirw.,  vol.  9,  pt.  1,  J>.  I'il. 

♦Ari'.liiv.  nutiirw.  Litnili<»'lnr<ilif.  Htlliin.,  vol  1,  p.  (U>;  VoHUitr,  vol.  l;l,  ji.  aOO, 

■Saporta,  Organ,  probl.  auo.  nwta,  'ii-M,  PI. :),  Kig,  i). 


r 


mimm^ 


\ 


NKlJJ'.Ol'TKUA-THlOliOrTLltA— PIUIYUANID.K. 


11)5 


f' 


3.2"""  nt  tlioir  postorior  imkI,  tho  tliickiiosh  of  tlio  wiills  l>oiii<r  a!)out  0  75"'™. 
As  will  be  soon  by  those  inoiisuroinonfs,  tho  oiisos  iire  ii  little  liii.>(^r  jit  thoir 
mouth,  but  othorwiso  thoy  are  cvliii(h-icul,  taper  with  porfoot  ro<,ni!anty,  and 
are  straight,  not  slifrhtiy  curved,  as  in  nuiny  phryganid  cases.     Thoy  are 
coniphitoly  covered  with  nuiiute,  rounded,  water-worn  pebbles,  apparently 
of  quartz,  generally  subspherical  or  ovate,  and  varying  from  one-third  to 
two-tiiirds  of  a  inlllinieter  in  uwnn  diameter ;  they  thus  give  tho  cases  a 
granulated  appearance.      Nearly  all  tho  cases  are  Hlled  with  calcareous 
niateriiil,  but  some  are  empty  for  a  short  distance  from  their  month,  aiul  in 
one  case  the  inner  lining  of  this  part  of  tlie  case  has  a  coating  of  miiuiter 
calcareous  particles,  evidently  deposited  therein  after  the  caso  was  vacated. 
As  tho  present  thickness  of  tho  walls  indicates  (as  also  tho  size  of  tlu*  attached 
pcdjblos),  the  silken  interior  lining  of  tho  case  must  have  been  very  stout. 
This    follows  also  from  tho  appearam.o  of  one  or  two  which  have  been 
crushed,  for  thyy  have  yielded  along  longitudinal  lines,  indicating  a  parch- 
ment-like rigidity  in  tho  entire  shell.     In  one  of  the  specimens  the  outer 
coating  of  heavier  pebbles  has  in  some  way  be«Mi  removed  by  weather- 
ing, auu  has  left  a  scabrous  surface,  apparently  produced  by  minute,  hard 
grains  entangled  in  tho  fibrous  meshes  of  tho  web ;  it  still,  however,  retains 
its  cylindrical  form. 

Tho  size  of  tho  caso,  its  form,  and  tho  material  from  which  it  is  con- 
s'.•uctod  soom  to  indicate  that  it  belonged  to  .some  genus  of  Linnu)phiiida', 
near  Anabolia. 

Ilorso  Creek,  Wyoming.     Dr.  A.  C.  I'eale. 

Subfamily  PHIlY(iANn>,l-:  Stophcns. 

This  subfamily  of  caddis-flies,  comprising  the  larger  species,  is  found 
only  in  tho  northern  portions  of  tho  globe,  and  is  numerous  neither  in  species 
noi  in  genera ;  nevertlieless  it  is  tho  only  gro.ip  of  caddis-flies  whoso  remains 
have  hitherto  been  found  in  rocky  strata,  if  we  except  the  larval  cases,  of 
which  there  is  likely  to  bo  nu)re  or  less  cpiestion.  And  it  is  not  a  liiiie 
strange  that  they  have  been  found  in  several  distinct  places,  ranyinir  from 
Aix  in  the  Oligocono  to  Parschltig  in  t!io  upjicr  Miocene.  Mombach,  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  and  Ataiuiterdluk,  in  Gn^eidand,  have  also  furnished  species. 
From  amber  also  t!n-eo  species  are  known,  and  now  we  have  tluoe  more 
species,  including  a  new  gone.ic  form,  to  adtl  from  the  strata  of  Colorado 


i: 


196 


TEUTIAltY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


'M 


^ 


4 


It  is  not,  however,  as  in  Europe,  the  only  subfamily  nipresented  in  the 
strata,  three  others  being  also  represented  and  one  of  them  much  mons 
largely.     (February,  1884.) 

NEURONIA  Leach.'  ' 

A  single  small  species  of  this  genus  has  been  described  from  amber  by 
Pictet  and  Hagen,  which  the  latter  compares  with  the  living  N.  reticulata. 
The  one  here  described  is  the  first  known  from  the  rocks,  and  is  a  consider- 
ably larger  species,  and  Avith  somewhat  peculiar  neuration.  The  f^enus  is 
well  represented  at  the  present  tip-  -^  over  all  North  America,  and  besides  is 
found  only  in  Europe. 

Nkukonia  evanesckns. 

PI.  i;5.  Fig.  3. 

A  single  specimen  of  a  large  species  of  phryganid  is  referred  to  Neu- 
ronia,  although  the  neuration  appears  to  be  somewliat  abnormal,  the  cross 
neuration  on  either  side  of  the  sector  not  being  continuous.  The  insect  is 
preserved  on  a  lateral  view,  showing  the  head  iind  body,  the  superposed 
wings  of  one  side,  and  all  but  the  base  of  the  other  front  wing  extended  be- 
low the  body,  together  with  one  hind  leg. 

The  upper  half  of  the  overlapj)ing  wings  is  much  darker  than  the  lower 
half  and  shows  some  mottling  near  tho  tip,  which  is  not  the  casein  the  other 
winff.  The  sin<rle  front  winof  is  of  a  uniform  brownish  fuliginous  tint,  but 
broadly  obscured  in  tlie  middle  of  the  wing  Ijy  accident  of  preservation  over 
a  large  pale  area,  in  which  also  the  veins  are  nearly  lost.  This  accounts  for 
the  inaccuracy  of  the  drawing  on  the  plate. 

The  front  wings  are  subtrianguiar,  less  than  two  and  one-half  times 
longer  than  broad,  their  greatest  breadth  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half;  the 
costal  margin  is  gentb'  arched  in  the  apical  half,  the  apex  roundly  pointed, 
the  apical  margin  almost  straight  in  the  middle  half  and  inclined  at  a  rather 
sharp  angle  with  the  costal  margin. 

The  shape  of  the  wings,  as  well  as  the  brevity  of  the  discal  cell,  renders 
it  probable  that  the  species  should  be  referred  to  Neuronia  rather  than  to 
Phr}ganea  or  Agrypnia,  though  it  is  impossible  to  determino  claarly  whether 
there  is  a  cross- vein  betw  .jen  the  subcostal  vein  and  the  cost-a.  The  radius 
has  a  liroad  superior  arch  below  the  extremity  of  the  subcostal  Avhich  renderu 
it  probable  that  it  exists,  and  that  it  can  not  therefore  be  referred  to  Agryp- 


i: 


NEUKOPTERA— TRlCUOrTEBA— rHKYlJANlDil':. 


197 


nia.  The  upper  branch  of  the  sector  originates  earlier  than  usual,  close  to 
the  base  of  the  discal  ceil,  which  is  shore,  as  in  Neuronia,  but  only  because 
the  cross-veins  which  terminate  are  carried  to  an  unusual  distance  toward 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  are  therefore  widely  separated  from  the  cross- 
veins  uniting  the  sector  with  the  cubitus — an  unusual  feature  in  this  sub- 
family, and  one  which  with  its  other  peculiarities  renders  it  probable  that  it 
should  be  genei'ically  separated  from  'iving  types.  There  is  also  lacking 
the  zigzag  arrangement  of  the  cubital  cross-veins,  though  their  exact  rela- 
tion can  not  be  determined  throughout.  The  hind  leg  bears  two  pairs  of 
tibial  spurs,  as  always  in  this  subfamily. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  indeterminable ;  the  length  of  body  and  wings 
together  in  repose  is  24™" ;  of  front  wing,  20.5""° ;  greatest  breadth  of  same, 
8.5""°;  length  of  hind  tibia,  3.65"'"' ;  of  hind  tarsi,  4.65"'"'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  7728. 

PHRYGANEA  Linnd. 

Species  of  this  genus  are  by  no  means  unknown  in  a  fossil  state; 
indeed  it  is  the  only  genus  of  Phryganidse  which  has  heretofore  been 
represented  in  the  rocky  strata  by  remains  of  the  perfect  insect,  and  while 
only  two  species  are  known  from  amber,  four  have  been  described  from 
Tertiary  rocks  (Aix,  Mombach,  Parschlug,  and  Greenland)  and  a  fifth  indi- 
cated from  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Very  likely  some  of  these  may  be  fourid  to 
belong  elsewhere,  but  their  large  size  would  lend  a  probability  to  their 
proper  reference  here,  since  this  genus  and  its  allies  contain  the  largest  of 
the  caddis-flies.  We  have  here  a  single  species  to  add,  represented  wholly 
by  wings,  but  very  well  preserved.  The  genus  is  mostly  confined  to  North 
America  and  Europe. 

Phr^ganea  labefacta. 

PI.  13,  Fig,  5{S). 

An  excellently  preserved  front  wing,  lacking  only  a  fragment  broken 
from  the  lower  outer  angle,  represents  a  male.  It  is  c"  a  nearly  uniform 
smoky  brown  tinge,  with  much  darker  distinct  veins,  and  delicately  mottled 
with  faint,  pale,  circular  dots  which  are  larger  and  therefore  more  noticeable 
than  elsewhere  in  the  upper  outer  half  of  the  wing,  and  are  absent  from  the 
center.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  our  common  Neuronia  semifasciata  (Say) 
but  of  a  different  shapr^,  being  subquadrate,  about  three  times  longer  than 


198 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


I 


broad  and  only  slightly  broader  apically  than  basally.  The  apex  is  slightly 
pointed  and  the  outer  margin  apparently  slopes  more  rapidly  below  than 
above  the  apex.  Though  not  shown  in  the  plate,  the  subcosta  is  united 
near  the  tip  to  the  costa  by  a  cross- vein,  and  just  below  the  apical  cell  thus 
formed  the  radius  has  a  well-marked  distinct  arch.  The  cross-vein  closing 
the  cell  is  not  shown  in  the  plate,  nor  the  cross-vein  just  below  it,  into 
which,  rather  than  directly  into  the  cubitus,  the  first  nervule  below  the 
lowest  branch  of  the  sector  runs.  The  lower  cross-veins  Jilso  do  not  appear 
on  the  plate ;  they  run,  as  in  the  modern  Phryganea  grandis,  with  a  slight 
jog  where  they  cross  tlie  basal  branch  of  the  upper  cubital,  obliquely  from 
the  base  of  the  second  branch  of  the  upper  cubital  toward  the  arculus. 
Indeed,  the  venation  of  the  lower  half  of  the  wing  closely  resembles  that 
of  the  modern  European  P.  grandis,  which  is  slightly  larger  thari  the  fossil 
species.  This  differs  from  that  in  only  one  or  two  points ;  the  first  apical 
sector  parts  from  its  stem  at  the  middle  of  the  discoidal  cell,  the  lower  bor- 
der of  the  cell  is  as  full  as  the  upper,  and  the  cell  itself  is  proportionally 
shorter. 

Two  other  specimens  agreeing  in  neuration  with  the  preceding,  but 
with  the  lower  nervule  of  the  upper  branch  of  the  superior  cubitus  forked 
represent  females.  Like  the  male  they  are  represented  only  by  upper 
wings,  one  of  them  perfect,  the  other  broken  squarely  at  the  tip  by  the 
breaking  of  the  stone  in  quarrying ;  one  is  a  little  lighter  in  color  than  the 
male,  and,  as  it  were,  bleached  out  at  the  apex,  while  the  other  is  much 
darker,  almost  of  a  blackish  chocolate,  many  of  the  minute  spots  of  the 
mottling,  especially  in  the  upper  part  of  the  wing,  appearing  quadrate  rather 
than  circular.  The  fourth  (female)  fork  is  nearly  as  deep  as  the  third,  ex- 
tending slightly  more  than  half-way  to  the  base  of  the  branch. 

Length  of  wing,  S  20.25"'™,  $  19.5""";  of  discoidal  cell,  <J  $  5.5"""; 
breadth  of  wing,  <?  7™%  $  7.3"'™. 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  407  (<?),  1016,  3897  (?) 

LIMNOPSYCHE  gen.  nov.  (A/yuv^,  t/^vxtf). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  genus  which  differs  somewhat  remarkably 
from  any  Phryganldre,  but  which  agrees  at  the  same  time  in  its  main  fea- 
tures with  the  subfamil}'^  of  Phryganidai  proper.  In  his  monograph  on  the 
Trichoptera  of  the  European  fauna,  Mr.  McLachlan  lays  much  stress  on 


<^ 


^■ 


I. 


NEUROPTERA— TBICHOPTBRA— rHRYGANIDiR. 


199 


'* 


^ 


the  importance  in  generic  characteristication  of  the  presence  or  absence  of 
specified  apical  cellules,  of  which  the  '^lU  complement  in  the  anterior  wing 
is  nine;  of  these  three  belong  to  the  area  of  the  sector.  In  <'  e  present 
genus  we  have  an  additional  apical  cellule  in  the  field  of  the  sector,  one  of 
the  ramules  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  sector  being  divided.  In  all  other 
species  of  Phrygarlidaj  proper,  to  which  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  this 
genus  belongs,  both  the  ramules  extending  to  the  margin  from  either  side 
of  the  eross-vein  closing  the  discoidal  cell  are  simple ;  in  Limnopsyche  the 
upper  is  branched,  so  that  there  exists  an  "apical  fork"  between  the  "first" 
and  "second"  apical  forks  of  McLachlan's  terminology.  This,  however,  is 
not  the  only  peculiarity ;  the  anastomosis  is  broken  into  three  instead  of, 
as  in  true  Phryganidse,  two  parts,  the  cross-vein  uniting  the  sector  and 
cubitus  lying  far  toward  the  tip  of  the  wing,  while  the  remainder  of  the 
anastomosis  has  fts  normal  place  near  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Moreover, 
the  median  cellule,  which,  as  in  other  Phryganidae  proper,  is  open,  extends 
nearly  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  interrupting  still  more  markedly  the  anas 
tomosis  of  the  lower  half  of  the  wing. 

Ahhoagh  only  a  portion  of  the  neuration  can  be  determined  in  the 
single  pretty  large  species  referred  here,  this  differs  so  much  from  the  exist- 
ing genera  of  ti'ue  Phryganidae  that  its  separation  from  them  is  indispen- 
sable. 

Limnopsyche  cispeksa. 

PI.  13,  Fig.  2. 

There  are  three  specimens  provisionally  referred  to  this  species,  but  in 
only  one  can  the  neuration  be  traced  sufficiently,  and  it  is  upon  this,  which 
is  figured,  that  the  species  is  founded.  It  shows  a  dorsal  view  with  indis- 
tinct traces  of  different  appendages,  but  with  the  wings  of  one  side  expanded. 
Especially  this  is  triie  of  one ;  it  is  an  upper  wing,  but  toward  the  lower 
marj,In  a  portion  of  the  hind  wing,  crumpled  and  folded,  is  more  or  less 
mixed  with  it,  so  that  the  figure  is  not  perfectly  clear  or  probably  correct 
at  this  point,  The  main  features  of  the  neuration  have  been  pointed  out  in 
the  description  of  the  genus,  but  a  few  special  points  may  be  added.  The 
wing  is  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  costal  margin 
well  rounded,  bringing  the  rounded  apex  down  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  the  lower  margin  (apparently)  full.     It  is  pale  brown  without  mot- 


200 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


.'I 


til 


nu 


tling;  the  discoidal  cell  is  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  one-third  the 
length  of  the  wing,  and  occupying  almost  exactly  the  middle  third  longi- 
tudinally. First  apical  sector  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  discoidal  cell ; 
cell  between  the  sector  and  cubitus  of  uniform  widtli  and  running  almost 
exactly  through  the  middle  of  the  wing,  terminating  some  way  below  the 
apex ;  cross-veins  uniting  the  sector  and  cubitus  more  than  half-way  from 
the  e  d  of  the  discoidal  cell  to  the  border.  As  the  other  cross- veins  are  in 
their  usual  place,  the  anastomosis  is  widely  scattered,  whence  the  specific 
name. 

The  other  specimens  are  poorly  preserved ;  they  agi*ee  with  the  pre- 
ceding in  size  and  present  no  characters  in  opposition  to  it.  They  show  in 
addition  ])ortions  of  the  antennic,  a  slender  stem  arising  from  a  rather  stout 
basal  joint ;  in  both,  however,  the  antenna;  are  broken  shortly  beyond  the 
base. 

Length  of  body,  8""'" ;  of  front  wing,  8.25"""' ;  breadth  of  same,  3.25""" ; 
ength  of  hind  wing,  7"'". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  809,  8G06,  8995. 


f 


t 


w 


t 


i 


OBTHOPTER^  Linn^. 

Although  a  group  of  great  antiquity,  some  of  its  divisions  (especially 
the  cockroaches)  being  abundant  in  Paleozoic  as  in  Mesozoic  rocks,  this 
order  of  insects  is  feebly  represented  in  Tertiary  times.  Part  of  our  luck 
of  familiarity  with  the  relics  of  those  days  is  due  to  tiieir  rare  occurrence  in 
amber,  act  largely  due  to  their  generally  weak  and  brief  flight.  Indeed, 
hardly  a  dozen  species  of  the  entire  order  are  known  or  indicated  from  this 
source,  and  less  than  forty  species,  including  all  mere  references  as  distinct 
forms,  from  the  European  rocks.  This  number  is  nearly  equaled  by  the 
American  species  described  in  this  volume,  but  this  fact  is  largely  due  to 
the  great  preponderance  of  Foi-ficulariai,  which  comprise  more  than  a  third 
of  the  species.  The  numbers  in  the  different  groups  are,  perhaps,  too 
small  to  render  a  particular  comparison  useful,  but  we  may  note  that  the 
European  rocks  have  representatives  of  each  family  excepting  the  Phas- 
mida,  while  the  American  furnish  specimens  of  all  but  the  Mantides.  No 
Acridii  have  been  found  in  amber,  and  of  Locustarijc  only  larvre ;  Forficu- 
lariae  and  Mantidte  are  said  by  older  authors  to  have  been  found  in  amber, 
but  none  are  now  known,  the  undoubted  amber  remains  being  confined  to 
Blattarije,  Phasmida,  Locustarii«  (larvte),  and  Gryllides. 

In  comparing  the  European  and  American  Tertiary  orthopteran 
faunas  some  interesting  points  may  be  noted.  The  resemblance  of  both 
faunas  in  a  nearly  equal  degree  to  warm  temperate  or  subtropical  t^-pes  is 
not  a  little  curious,  combined  as  it  is  with  a  distinct  differentiation  of  char- 
acter ;  for  even  where  the  same  subfamilies  are  represented,  as  they  gener- 
ally are,  the  genera  of  the  two  continents  are  widely  different.  In  the  few 
cases  where  species  have  been  placed  under  the  same  generic  heading  it 
has  usually  been  by  the  use  of  the  genus  in  the  broad  sense,  indicating 
merely  subfamily  affinities,  and  the  species  themselves  are  widely  different. 
The  resemblance  between  the  two  countries  is  perhaps  most  marked  in  the 

201 


202 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Forfictilaria;,  though  the  European  species  have  been  very  imperfectly  pre- 
sented as  yet.  Porliaiw  the  most  marked  peculiarities  in  the  American 
fauna  as  distinguished  frr  n  the  European  are  the  abundance  of  Forficu- 
larias  of  a  common  typo,  the  occurrence  of  Conocephalidiv,  and  the  absence 
of  Mantides,  Tottigidic,  Decticida),  and  the  burrowing  as  well  as  the  slender 
Gryllides. 

As  a  whole  the  Orthoptera  of  Florissant  and  the  Green  River  deposits 
indicate  a  warmer,  not  infreouently  in  specific  cases  a  much  warmer,  cli- 
nitito  than  now  appertains  to  that  region,  though  this  is  true  to  a  less  degree 
of  the  saltatorial  Orthoptera  in  general  than  of  the  others.     (July,  1884.) 

It  is  not  a  little  surprising  to  find  so  many  American  species,  no  less 
than  eleven  being  already  obtained  from  Florissant,  a  number  more  than 
double  that  of  the  European  Tertiary  species,  and  all  apparently  belonging 
to  one  type,  not  now  in  existence.  It  is  not  impossible  that  a  nearer  study 
of  the  European  fossil  species  may  prov^  that  they  also  belong  here,  as  one 
may  notice  in  them  the  same  simplicity  in  the  character  of  the  forceps. 

Some  of  the  Florissant  species  are  of  very  large  size,  much  larger  than 
any  which  are  found  in  temperate  regions,  and  the  presence  of  this  type  in 
such  abundance,  and  represented  in  part  by  such  gigantic  forms,  is  a  clear 
witness  to  a  considerably  warmer  climate  than  now  obtains  in  the  same 
region  even  at  the  level  of  the  lower  plains. 


Family  FORFICULARI^E  Latreille. 

Fossil  earwigs  are  not  unknown,  but  have  been  imperfectly  studied. 
Heer  gives  wood-cuts  of  two,  Forficula  recta,  which  he  compares  with 
Forcinella  annulipes  (Luc.)  Dohrn,  and  F.  primigenia,  compared  with  the 
common  earwig,  i.  e.,  Forficula  auricularia  Linn ;  he  also  mentions  a  third, 
F.  minuta,  compared  with  Labia  minor  (Linn.)  Leach.  These  all  come  from 
the  Miocene  of  Oeningen.'  Long  ago  Serres  spoke  of  a  sijecies  allied  to 
Forficula  parallela  Fabr.  and  F.  auricularia  Linn,  (both  the  same  species), 
of  which  many  specimens  had  been  found  at  Aix  in  Provence.^  Perhaps 
Mr.  Oustalet,  when  he  resumes  again  the  publication  of  his  memoirs  on  the 
fossil  insects  of  southern  France,  will  acquaint  us  more  perfectly  with  this 
insect;  but  I  saw  no  specimens  of  Forficularise  in  his  hands  in  1873.     One, 

>  Heer,  Urwelt  der  Sobweiz,  2d  edition,  p.  392,  figs.  267,  268. 
'Serres,  G^ogDosie  des  terrains  tertiaires,  225, 


' 


OETHOPTEKA— FORFKJULARI^:. 


203 


perhaps  two,  species  aro  also  reported  from  Prussian  amber.  Koferstoin' 
speaks  of  an  amber  species,  referring  to  Burmeistor  (Handb.  Entom.)  but  the 
hitter  mentions  only  some  crickets  ("Acheten")  "of  the  size  of  F.  minor," 
And  Germar  writes  that  up  to  1856  but  a  single  specimen  of  an  earwig  hud 
been  found  in  amber,  a  larva  agreeing  so  completely  with  the  full-grown 
larva  of  Forficula  auricularia  that  description  and  illustration  were  superflu- 
'  ^     Gravenhorst  also  refers  to  a  German  species  from  amber.*     Finally 


ous.' 


iViassalongo  describes  and  fifn-es*  a  species  from  the  Tertiaries  of  Monte 
Bolca,  which  he  calls  Forficula  boicensis,  and  which  again  he  compares  to 
F.  auricularia  Linn.  This  species,  which  in  point  of  fact  is  much  nearer  F. 
albipennis  Muehlf.  than  F.  auricularia,  seems  to  be  a  true  Forficula.  The 
same  may  perhaps  be  said  of  Heer's  species,  or  at  least  of  the  two  which 
are  figured  (none  are  described),  or  they  may  belong  to  the  same  group  as 
the  American  species,  though  one  at  least  of  them  is  much  smaller  than  any 
we  have  found.  But  in  Heer's  species  we  have  only  a  few  abdominal  joints 
and  the  forceps  from  which  to  draw  any  conclusion. 

A  couple  of  species  have  been  found  in  rocks  older  than  the  Tertiaries, 
Baseopsis  forficulina  Heer*  from  the  Lias  of  Schambelen  and  Forficularia 
problematica  Weyenb.,*  found  in  the  Jura  of  Solenhofen.  Although  the 
figures  given  of  this  latter  insect  are  very  obscure,  Weyenbergh  says  it  is 
an  earwig  "sans  le  moindre  doute,"  and  of  one  of  the  seven  specimens  found 
he  says  it  "  montre  k  I'extri^mitd  de  I'abdomen  les  deux  crochets,  dont  I'en- 
semble  reprt^sente  une  sorte  de  pince,  et  qui  caracttjrisent  le  genre  Foi*ficula," 

LABIDUROMMA  gen.  nov.  (Xafii?,  ovpd,  omm»)- 

III  first  describing  an  earwig  from  Florissant  I  referred  it  hesitatingly 
to  Labidura;  a  second  species  was  subsequently  placed  in  the  same  genus 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  first.  In  my  study  of  the  much  more  abundant 
and  better  material  now  at  hand  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  refer  not  only 
these  two  species  but  all  the  others,  including  a  considerable  variety  of 
forms,  to  the  old  genus  Forficula,  the  structure  of  the  antennae  in  particular 

■  Naturg.  Erdkurp.,  vol.  2,  p.  331. 

'  Berendt,  Berngt.  be&adl.  orgao.  Rests  Vorw^.,  vul.  3,  pt.  i,  p.  33. 

3  Uebers.  gobies,  aoaellach.  vaterl.  Cult.,  18.Vt,  93. 

*Magsalongo,  Stad.  pal.,  15-16,  pi.  1,  figs.  5-7. 

'Heer,  Urwelt  der  Sobweiz,  2d  edition,  p.  94,  pi.  7,  fig.  5. 

•Arch.  Mus.  Teyl.,  vol.  Si,  p.  274. 


204 


nUlTlAUV  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


t 

ii! 
■'I 

?    i 


accortlin}?  more  closely  with  Foi-ficula  than  with  Labidiira.  Hut  one  point 
after  another  Hhowod  hucIi  diHtinction  from  Forficula  that  the  species  seem 
more  correctly  i)re8ented  when  placed  in  a  distinct  genus.  Whether  all 
belony  there  is  perhaps  questionable,  especially  when  the  extreme  members 
of  the  geims  are  compared.  IVForeover,  all  the  characters  upon  which  the 
genus  is  founded  are  not  to  be  found  in  all  the  species  here  described,  as 
))re8erved  in  the  specimens  at  hand ;  but  in  the  order  in  which  I  have 
arranged  them  they  show  such  a  gradual  passage  from  one  to  the  other 
that  notwithstanding  the  diversity  in  general  aspect  and  in  size  between 
the  first  and  the  last,  I  can  find  no  good  characters  in  their  imperfectly 
])re8erved  structure  by  which  they  should  be  separated.  The  genus  is 
without  doubt  nearly  allied  to  Forficula,  but  it  is  impossible  to  place  it 
there,  or  indeed  in  any  known  existing  genus  of  Forficulariaj  on  account 
of  the  great  size  of  the  eyes.  These  are  not  only  as  large  in  front  as  in 
Cylindrogaster  and  Sphongophora,  but  instead  of  being  shut  off  from  the 
posterior  half  of  the  head,  as  in  all  living  Forficularia;  known  to  me,  they 
extend  to  the  posterior  margin,  as  may  be  readily  seen  in  Figs.  3  and  12  of 
PI.  16;  that  is,  instead  of  being  anterior  they  are  lateral.  The  genus  is 
also  peculiar  for  the  great  simplicity  of  the  forceps,  which  are  long  and 
rather  (sometimes  very)  slender,  and,  with  a  single  exception,  where  there 
is  one  basal  tooth,  the}'  are  entirely  unarmed.  The  antennae,  where  they 
are  preserved,  show  some  diversity  of  structure  and  it  is  partly  on  that 
account  that  I  have  hesitated  about  keeping  them  together;  but  as  a  general 
rule  they  are  comparatively  short,  not  extending  backward  beyond  the 
closed  tegmina,  rather  coarse,  the  joints  about  as  numerous  as  in  Forficula, 
the  basal  joint  not  very  long  nor  stout,  the  joints  in  general  shorter  compared 
to  their  width  than  in  Forficula.  All  the  species,  with  i)erhaps  one  excep- 
tion, are  winged,  and  all  have  tegmina  of  the  normal  form.  It  is  not  a  little 
curious  that  several  specimens  have  the  wings  fully  expanded,  and  these 
show  in  all  their  main  features  the  same  characteristics  as  the  strangely 
folded  wings  of  earwigs  to-day,  showing  that  the  type  was  fully  developed 
in  this  early  Tertiary  period.  One  may  notice,  indeed,  a  slightly  greater 
simplicity  of  structure  here  and  both  greater  simplicity  and  greater 
uniformity  of  character  in  the  forceps  of  the  fossil  species,  which  seem 
to  betoken  an  approach  toward  the  origin  of  the  type,  but  it  is  a  mere  sug- 
gestion, or  scarcely  more  thau  that. 


OllTH  OPT  y  K  A— FOBFIC  ULAlilAi.  205 

One  of  the  species  here  described,  certainly  distinct  from  the  others,  is 
BO  iinperfecily  preserved  that  no  name  is  given  to  it.  The  others  may  be 
distinguished  by  the  following  table  : 

Table  of  tha  ipeciei  of  Labid»romma. 

Species  of  large  size  with  very  long  forcep8  (the  total  length  nearly  or  qnito  aS™""). 

Male  forceps  almoHt  one-half  as  long  as  body  1.  f-.  oHo. 

Male  forceps  scarcely  more  than  one  third  the  length  of  body 2.  I.  bormaimi. 

Species  of  smaller  si/.o  and  shorter  forceps  (only  a  little  exceeding  yO"""). 

Hind  margin  of  last  abdominal  aogment  of  male  strongly  angulated ;  no  pygidium  perceptible. 

:i.  f..  morlale. 
Hind  margin  of  last  abdominal  segment  of  male  straight  or  nearly  straight ;  pygldinm  distinct  and 
Nomctimes  large. 

Male  forceps  with  large  projecting  interior  tooth  at  base 4.  L.  eommixlum. 

Male  forceps  with  no  projecting  basal  tooth. 

Male  forceps  narrowing  almost  from  liase .'i.  /..  tertiarium. 

Male  forceps  with  equal  parallel  sides  for  some  distance  from  base. 

Male  forceps  comparatively  slender,  with  distinct  and  tolerably  strong  falcation. 

6.  /..  gilberlU 

Male  forceps  broad  beyond  the  base,  with  weak  falcation 7.  r..  exiDilaUim. 

Species  of  much  smaller  size  and  generally  still  shorter  forceps  (the  total  length  al)ont  l.")"""  or  less). 

Male  forceps  stout  at  base,  much  smaller  and  equal  beyond S.  L.  Uthophiliim. 

Male  forceps  slender  and  delicate  throughout. 

Male  forceps  less  than  half  as  long  as  abdomen  10.  //.  infernum. 

Male  forceps  fully  half  as  long  as  abdomen H.  i.  labent. 

1,  Labidukomma  AVIA. 
PI.  16,  Figs.  5,  22  {S),3, 11,  23  (  $  ). 

Head  small,  rounded  triangular ;  antennae  in  no  case  well  preserved, 
the  longest  fragments  scarcely  reaching  the  tip  of  the  tegmina,  tlie  basal 
joint  not  precisely  determinable,  but  apparently  about  twice  the  diameter 
of  the  stalk  and  subglobular ;  the  proximal  joints  of  the  stalk  are  cylindrical 
and  from  two  to  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  so  that  if  composed  as  usual 
in  this  genus  the  antennae  could  not  have  extended  beyond  the  tip  of  the 
tegmina;  palpi  shorter  than  the  diameter  of  the  head,  nearly  as  stout  as  the 
antennsB,  the  joints  half  as  long  again  as  broad.  Pronotum  nearly  circular 
but  subquadrate,  apparently  longer  than  broad,  and  narrower  than  the  head 
in  the  female  (where  it  is  better  preserved  than  in  the  male  specimens)  and 
the  opposite  apparently  in  the  male,  where  it  seems  to  equal  or  surpass  the 
head  in  breadth.  Tegmina  together  considerably  broader  than  the  head, 
and  square,  of  equal  length  and  breadth;  folded  wings  protruding  beyond 
the  tegmina  to  a  distance  of  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  latter.  Legs 
moderately  stout  and  not  very  short,  the  second  joint  of  the  tarsi  apparently 
cordate.     Abdomen  equal  with  parallel  sides.     Forceps  simple  but  of  great 


206 


TBUTIAUY  INHKCTS  OF  NOIITII  AMKIUCA. 


in 


•I 


lorifrth,  in  tlie  iniilo  as  long  U8  tlio  abdomen  beyond  tho  witi<?  tl|)«,  sotnowliat 
deproHsifd,  with  tlio  ha  .al  third  Htraight,  itw  huHal  half  with  Htraiglit  and 
panillel  Hides,  its  apical  half  nan-owing  on  tho  inner  sidu,  the  whole  inner 
margin  pinched  and  perhaps  a  little  creinilated,  itut  not  toothed  nor  beaded; 
the  distal  two-thirds  very  gently  and  slightly  arcnate,  scarcely  tapering,  tho 
curve  increasing  slightly  toward  the  bluntly  rounded  tip.  In  the  f'enude 
they  are  a  little  shorter,  uuich  slenderer  and  apparently  cylindrical  through- 
out, scarcely  attingent  at  the  base,  with  no  pinching  ot"  the  inner  edge  at 
the  base,  and  very  regularly  and  gently  tapering  to  a  more  delicate  but 
still  bluntly  roumled  point ;  the  arcuate  curve  is  if  anything  a  little  stronger, 
and  commences  from  the  base,  though  the  straight  basal  portion  of  the  male 
is  sometimes  indicated  by  the  origin  of  the  arcuation  (on  tho  outer  edge)  at 
a  little  remove  from  tho  base.  Pygidium  of  the  male  (not  shown  in  the 
figures)  triangular,  longer  than  broad,  half  as  long  as  the  greatest  breadth 
of  the  forceps,  the  apex  l)roadly,  bluntly  roun  led;  in  tho  female  as  long  as 
broad  and  as  tho  base  of  the  forceps,  more  or  less  slightly  truncate  and 
rounded  a,  -ipex. 

Liiigtli  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  S  19"™,  9  18-19""";  breadth  of 
abdomen,  3.5-4"'"':  length" of  front  and  middle  femont,  2.5"'"';  tibia;,  1.76'"™; 
tarsi,  1.5""";  of  hind  femora,  2.8""";  tibia,  2.3'""';  of  forceps,  i(  8.5""",  $  6.6"""; 
breadth  of  same  at  base,  cT  1.4™™,  2  0.7""";  in  middle,  S  1'"™,  2  0.4™"'. 

This  is  the  most  interesting  of  tho  Florissant  species  on  account  of  its 
great  size  and  the  long  and  simple  forceps.  It  is  twice  as  large  as  any 
living  species  of  Forficula. 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  11740,  13544  and  13645, 13647  (<?), 
2855  and  3567,  3832  and  5532,  5438,  8022,  11209  ($). 


1 


■i . 


I 


2.  Labiduromma  bormansi. 

ri.  16,  Fig.  1  {S). 

In  the  two  specimens  referred  to  this  s])ecios  the  head  and  pronotum 
are  badly  preserved,  but  so  far  as  can  be  seen  appear  to  be  much  as  in  L. 
avia  in  relation  to  each  other  and  the  combined  tegmina ;  the  prothorax  is, 
however,  certainly  larger,  thouj^h  slightly,  than  the  head,  and  the  antennal 
joints  at  a  short  distance  from  the  head  are  three  or  four  times  as  long  as 
broad.  The  tegmina  are  large  with  broadly  rounded  posterior  edges,  and 
the  body  with  straight  parallel  sides ;  the  las.  segment  is  as  broad  apically 


■' 


it 


I 


1 


S 


OUTIIOPTKRA— FOUFICIJLARI/K. 


207 


aH  bjiHulIy,  iiiul  tlio  Iiiiider  edge  i*h  straight.  The  f(>rco|m  of  tho  nmlo  (formilo 
iinkiiov/n)  iiro  very  long,  flattened,  Htmiglit  on  tho  basal  threo-iit'tliH  (they 
are  given  vvitlia  slight  curve  in  the  plate),  and  beyond  gently  sickle-Hhaped; 
they  taper  very  gently  and  with  entire  regularity  t<»  a  bluntly  rounded, 
slightly  angulated  tip,  excepting  that  the  basal  third  or  more  has  on  the  iiuier 
margin  a  thimier,  blade-like,  straight  flange,  increasing  tho  width  by  nearly 
one-fourth.  Pygidium  small,  triangular,  equilateral,  with  a  blunt  apical 
angle. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  ,f  IS""" ;  breadth  of  abdomen,  .'J.r)'""; 
length  of  forceps,  6.3""";  breadtii  at  base,  1.2'"™;  in  middle,  0.7.^)"'"'. 

This  species  is  slightly  smaller  than  tho  i)receding,  but  reHomblcs  it 
closely,  tho  forceps  of  the  male  having  about  tlui  size  of  those  of  tho  female 
of  L.  avia,  though  their  flatness  and  mode  of  curvature,  and  especially  of  the 
basal  opposition,  evidently  indicate  a  male. 

Named  for  M.  A.  de  Bormans,  of  Switzerland,  tho  well  known  student  of 
Fi»rficidaria}. 

P'lorissant.  Two  specimens.  No.  11180,  Princeton  Collection,  No. 
1.603  (<?). 

3.  Labiduromma  mortale. 

PI.  16,  Figs.  2,  0  (  a  ),  20  (  9 ). 

Head  small,  well  rounded,  a  little  produced  anteriorly ;  anteniuw 
moderately  slender,  probably  considerably  less  than  half  the  length  of  tho 
body,  the  basal  joint  small,  scarcely  stouter  than  the  third  or  fourth  joint, 
less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  its  apical  half  cylindrical  and  squarely 
truncate ;  the  sixth  joint  considerably  longer  than  the  first,  and  scarcely 
more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  palpi  shorter  than  the  diameter  of 
the  head,  the  joints  about  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Pronotum  suborbicular, 
a  little  smaller  and  no  broader  than  the  head,  slightly  broader  than  long. 
Tegmina  together  considerably  broader  than  the  pronotum,  perhaps  almost 
twice  as  broad,  the  apical  edge  nearly  straight,  rounded  only  next  the  outer 
edge.  Wings  extending,  when  folded,  as  far  beyond  the  tegmina  as  the 
length  of  the  latter.  Legs  not  long  nor  stout,  the  middle  pair  situated  nearer 
the  hind  than  the  front  pair,  and  of  about  the  same  length  as  the  former, 
the  femora  flattened,  about  twice  the  width  of  the  tibia?.  Abdomen  with 
nearly  parallel  sides,  a  little  broadest  just  behind  the  middle,  the  third  and 


T 


208 


TKRTIARY  INSKOTS  OF  NOUTIl  AMEllICA. 


if.?   ■ 


sometimes  the  fourth  segment  cm  some  specimens  with  faint  indications  of 
hiteral  plications;  hist  segment  a  little  h)nger  than  the  preceding,  narrowing 
slightly  posteriorly  with  rounded  posterior  r.ngles;  hind  margin  of  male 
strongly  angtdated,  as  shown  in  Fig.  (J,  of  female  straight  with  minute  trian- 
gular pjgidium.  F'orceps  broad,  flattened,  stout,  long,  and  nearly  straight, 
as  long  as  the  toui  or  five  terminal  seguuMits,  the  basal  two-fifths  straight, 
equal,  the  attingent  inner  edges  thickened  slightly,  the  next  two-fitths  nar- 
rower, particularly  by  the  excision  of  the  inner  edge,  tapering,  nearly 
straight,  the  apical  fifth  still  narrower,  more  tapering,  bent  slightly  inward 
and  bluntly  rounded  at  tip  (<?),  very  broad  and  flattened,  straight,  sv^arcely 
*apering  before  the  middle  and  then  but  slightly,  the  apex  apparently  twice 
as  broad  as  in  the  male  and  bluntly  rounded  (9\ 

I.ongth  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  ,v  Ifi.fj-lT.r)""",  <;>  18""";  breadthof 
head,  1.8""";  of  tegmiuii,  SI)""";  of  abdomen,  4.3"'"';  length  of  middle  and 
hind  femora,   3'"'";  of  fore  femora,    !.7""";  middle  and  hiiid  tibia",  2.2"""; 

ore  tibiic,  1.2' ;  length  of  forceps,  (  Ti.b""",  ?  4.5"""?;  breadth  of  same  at 

base,  <f  l.ory"'",  ?  1.3'"'";  at  tip,  <?  0.35'"'". 

This  species  differs  from  the  two  preceding  species  hy  its  .short'>r, 
broader,  n'ld  straighter  forceps.  One  of  the  specimens  (Fig.  2)  was  taken 
by  me  in  the  original  insect  beds  described  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale. 

Florissant.  Six  s})ecimer.s,  Nos.  3!)5,  3705,  6317  (c?),  8049,  13001  ($). 
No.  1.615  (<^),  Princeton  Collection. 

4.  Laeiduromma  commixtum. 

PI.  10,  Figs.  10,  17  (  9  ). 

He;>d  moderately  small,  well  rounded,  the  posterior  border  a  little  trun- 
cate. Pronotum  considc^rably  snudler  than  the  head,  subipiadrate,  of  equal 
length  and  breadth.  'JY'gmiua  togethc  considerably  broader  than  the  head 
and  nearly  double  the  breadth  of  the  pronotum  ;  each  of  the  tegniina  about 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  the  coriaceous  i)ortr^n  of  the  wings  extending 
beyond  them  f(»r  n  distance  eijual  to  half  their  lengtii.  Legs  slender  and 
rather  long.  Abdomen  slightly  expanding,  so  as  to  be  broadest  in  the  middle 
and  broader  than  the  tegmina,  yet  with  subparallel  sides;  last  segment  a 
little  longer  than  tl  ■  others,  slightly  broader  in  front  than  behind,  the  pos- 
terior margin  broadly  rounded.  Pygidium  very  large,  being  at  base  one- 
third  the  width  t»f  the  terminal  segment,  subtriangular  Init  strongly  rounded, 


f 


1 

1 


I 


ORTHOPTBRA— FORPIOULARI^. 


209 


t 


i 


with  very  bluntly  rounded  apex.     Forceps  of  nmle  broken  in  the  only  speci- 
men seen,  but  evidently  pretty  long  and  moderately  stout,  the  portion  (half?) 
remaining  being  as  long  as  the  last  two  segments  of  the  abdomen,  straijjht, 
equal,  sopui-ated  at  base  by  the  pygidium,  with  a  very  stout,  sharp,  triangu-  ■ 
lar,  interior  tootli    embracing  the  pygidium,  and  with  two  minute  distant  . 
teeth  or  tubercles  beyond ;  in  the  fema'Je  distant  at  base,  straight,  flattpned, ' 
simple,  unarmed,  tapering  regularly,  with  not  the  slightest  inward  curve, 
to  a  bluntly  rounded  tip,  one-third  the  width  of  the  base.     This  peculiarity 
reminds  me  of  a  specimen  of  Labidura  riparia  1  have  seen  with  perfectly 
straight  and  laminate  forceps'. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  c?  17.5"'™,  $  17.5'""';  breadth  of  head, 
^  2.25"'™;  of  pronotum,  cr  1.75"'™;  of  closed  tegmina,  c?  3™  ' ;  :>f  abdomen  c? 
3.5"'™ ;  length  of  forceps,  S  (broken)  4™™,  ?  3-3.5™™ ;  breadth  at  extreme 
base,  S  0.8™™,  ?  0.75™™;  at  tip,  $  0.25™™. 

This  is  the  only  one  of  our  American  fossil  species  with  toothed  forceps. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  f>877  (cT),  1832,  11208  ($). 

5,  Labidukomma  tertiarium. 

PL  16,  Figs.  18,  21  (  3  ),  15  (  9 ). 

LaUdnra  UrliaHa  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  447-449;  III,  259;  IV,  619. 

A  single  male  specimen  (Fig.  18),  found  by  Mr.  Jesse  Randall,  and  brought 
home  by  the  Survey  under  Dr.  Hayden,  formed  the  basis  of  the  following  de- 
scription :  The  head,  which  is  badly  preserved,  is  of  about  equal  length  and 
breadth  behind  the  labrum,  so  that  as  a  whole  it  is  longer  than  broad,  but 
it  is  slightly  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  atid  has  large  eyes,  reaching  back 
nearly  to  tlie  hind  border — characters  which  are  scarcely  in  keeping  with 
the  reference  of  the  insect  to  Labidura ;  with  no  other  genus,  however,  does 
it  accord  so  well.  The  antennae  are  too  fragmentary  to  furnish  us  any  clew 
to  their  structure,  and  of  the  mouth  jjarts  nothing  can  be  determined.  The 
pronotum  is  of  about  ecpuil  length  and  breadth,  quadrate,  the  anterior  anglts 
bluntly  rounded,  the  posterior  border  very  broadly  convex,  the  margin  no- 
where elevated  ;  there  is  a  slight  b-it  distinct  median  sulcation,  fading  pos- 
teriorly. The  rest  of  the  thorax  is  of  tlio  same  width  as  the  pronotum  ;  the 
tegmina  are  twice  as  long  as  tlie  pronotum,  squarely  docked  at  the  tip ;  the 
folded  wings  reach  more  than  half  as  far  again  beyond  the  tip  oi  the  teg- 

'Froo.  BoHt.  Sou.  Nut.  Ui«t,,  vol.  18,  pii.  ;m-a;25. 


VOL  XIII- 


-14 


wmm^- 


210 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1  ■! 


mina,  and  in  the  specimen  examined  are  partially  opened  on  the  right  side, 
80  as  to  show  incompletely  the  peculiar  rayed  arrangement  of  the  nervules. 
The  legs  are  short,  the  femora  broadest  in  the  middle,  the  tibise  moderately 
slender  and  slightly  bowed ;  but  the  tarsal  joints  are  too  obscure  to  deter- 
mine their  structure ;  the  faintness  of  the  legs  probably  shows  that  they 
wore  paler  than  the  body,  which  is  of  a  griseous  brown.  The  joints  of  the 
abdomen  can  readily  be  distinguished,  although  a  portion  of  some  of  them 
are  injured,  and  especially  of  the  third  segment;  this  renders  it  impossible 
to  decide  certainly  whether  plications  were  present  on  this  segment,  but 
there  are  no  signs  of  any  either  on  this  or  on  the  better-preserved  second 
segment ;  it  would  seem  as  if  such  plications  should  be  seen,  if  present,  at 
least  on  the  second  segment,  for  the  abdomen  is  preserved  on  a  partial  side 
view,  and  the  portion  of  the  second  segment  where  plications  are  to  be  looked 
for  is  perfectly  preserved.  The  abdomen  appears  to  have  been  equal  as 
viewed  from  above,  although  the  greater  fullness  in  depth  of  the  middle 
joints  gives  the  specimen  a  great  height  in  the  middle ;  the  last  segment  is 
large,  scarcely  narrowing,  and  furnished  with  a  pair  of  stout,  straight, 
tapering,  bluntly-pointed  forceps  as  viewed  from  the  side,  not  so  long  as 
the  t(  gmina,  and  apparently  curved  inward  at  the  tip.  The  insect  is  slightly 
smaller  than  tlie  common  Labidura  riparia  (Pall.)  Dohrn. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  17""°;  of  head,  2,2"""";  breadth  of 
same,  1.75'"™;  length  of  pronotum,  Lg"";  breadth  of  .same,  2"";  length  of 
tc'ginina,  3.6""";  extent  of  folded  wings  beyond  tegmina,  2.5""';  length  of 
hind  femora,  2.75'"'";  of  hind  tibiae,  1.7o'""';  of  forceps,  2.5"'"'. 

Since  the  above  description  was  published  I  have  seen  and  studied  four 
or  five  more  specimens,  serving  to  modify  and  extend  the  characters  before 
given,  as  follows :  The  head  is  fully  as  broad  as  and  not  narrower  than  the 
pronotum.  The  antennae  reach  back  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  closed 
tegmina,  and  their  joints  are  cylindrical  and  about  four  times  as  long  as 
broad.  Th«^  pygidium  is  rounded  subtriangular  and  moderately  large. 
The  forceps  of  the  male  are  very  simple,  being  straight,  with  parallel 
sides  at  the  very  base  (as  far  as  the  tip  of  pygidium),  then  narrowing 
rather  lapidly  on  the  inner  side  oidy,  the  blunt  apex  incurved.  Of  the  fe- 
males all  tlie  specimens  are  imperfect,  but  in  the  one  figured  the  forceps 
appear  to  be  laminate,  tapering,  entirely  simple,  and  not  incurred  at  the  tip; 
the  apical  parts,  however,  are  exceedingly  obscure  and  may  be  wrongly 


1^ 


T 


ORTHOPTEBA— FORFICULARI^. 


211 


interpreted.  The  resemblance  they  show  to  the  female  of  L.  commixtum 
leads  one,  however,  to  believe  this  the  correct  view. 

The  species  resembles  the  preceding,  especially  in  the  female  speci- 
mens, but  the  forceps  of  the  male  differ  considerably. 

Florissant    Five  specimens,  Nos.  2779,  4925, 14688  (<?),  8334,  9228  (?). 

6.  Labioubomma  oilberti. 
PI.  16,  Fig.  U{S). 

HeaJ  small,  subtriangular,  with  well-rounded  contours.  Antennae 
reaching  to  the  tip  of  the  tegmina,  apparently  fourteen-jointed,  the  basal  joint 
obscure,  the  middle  joints  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  a  little  larger  in  the 
middle  than  at  the  ends.  Pronotum  quadrate,  scarcely  broader  than  long, 
distinctly  smaller  than  the  head,  and  scarcely  half  as  broad  as  the  combined 
tegmina;  posterior  margin  broadly  rounded.  Wing-veins  with  more  widely- 
spread  forks  before  the  median  break  than  in  L.  exsulatum.  Legs  short, 
the  middle  pair  midway  between  the  others  and  a  little  smaller  than  the 
hind  pair,  the  femora  broad  and  flattened,  twice  as  broad  as  their  corre- 
sponding tibiae.  Body  moderately  broad,  with  straight  parallel  sides ;  the 
last  segment  three-quarters  as  broad  apically  as  basally,  the  apical  margin 
nearly  straight,  the  sides  well  rounded.  Pygidium  minute,  triangular. 
Forceps  large  and  long,  the  basal  two-fifths  broad,  equal,  straight,  simple, 
attingent,  beyond  falciform,  much  smaller,  tapering  to  the  middle  of  this 
portion,  bej^ond  it  equal,  the  tip  bluntly  rounded  and  a  little  contracted  (<?); 
comparatively  slender,  straight,  parallel-sided  at  the  extreme  base,  beyond 
tapering  regularly  by  excision  of  the  inner  margin,  the  tip  slightly  incurved 
ami    )luntly  terminated  ($). 

Length  of  body  excluding  forceps,  ^  15.5""";  breadth  of  head,  2.3"'°'; 
of  pronotum,  1.5°"";  of  combined  tegmiiia,  4.5"";  of  abdomen,  3.8"""; 
length  of  forceps,  <?  4.5""',  ?  3.25"";  breadth  at  base,  <?  l.'?5"",  $  0.8"". 

The  species  has  a  more  modern  look  than  any  of  the  others,  and  in 
none  are  the  forceps  more  falciform,  reminding  one  to  some  degree  of  For- 
ficula  auricularia.  It  is  named  for  Mr.  G.  K.  Gilbert,  of  the  U,  S.  Geolog- 
ical Survey. 

Florissant    Three  specimens,  Nos.  4736,  7352  (<?),  8782  ($). 


T 


212 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


■i! 


I*.    I 

I: 


7.    LilBIDUKOMMA   EXSULATUM. 
PI.  16,  Fig.  12  (  9  ). 

Head  transversely  obovate,  only  a  little  broader  than  long,  the  front 
considerably  and  triangularly  produced,  the  hinder  edge  almost  straight  in 
the  middle.  Antennte  barely  reaching  to  the  extremity  of  the  tegmina, 
composed  of  ten  joints,  the  first  rounded  obpyriform,  nearly  as  broad  as 
long,  and  not  greatly  stouter  than  the  succeeding,  the  others  cjdindrical, 
the  second  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  the  third  and  fourth  half  as  long 
again  as  broad,  the  fifth  nearly  and  the  sixth  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  the  seventh  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  remainder  as  long  as 
the  seventh,  but  increasing  very  slightly  in  slenderness  to  the  tip,  which  is 
very  bluntly  rounded.  All  the  joints  are  not  shown  in  Fig.  12,  which  rep- 
resents the  specimen  in  which  the  antennae  are  best  preserved.  Terminal 
joint  of  palpi  about  twice  as  Ijng  as  broad,  equally  rounded  at  each  extrem- 
ity, about  half  as  broad  as  the  antenna?.  Pronotum  suborbiculai-,  a  little 
broader  than  long  and  somewhat  narrower  than  t)ie  head,  the  posterior 
margin  well  rounded.  Tegmina  together  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  the  pro- 
notum, each  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Wings  with  the  main  rays  continuous 
in  direction  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing,  the  branches  appended  interiorly 
and  not  diverging  strongly  at  base ;  in  the  interior  half  widely  forked,  the 
forks  continuously  divergent.  Legs  moderately  short,  subequal,  rather 
slender,  the  middle  pair  apparently  inserted  nearer  the  front  than  the  hind 
pair,  the  tibiaB  about  half  the  width  of  the  femora.  Abdomen  slender,  with 
parallel  sides  in  the  inale,  fullest  beyond  the  middle  in  the  female.  Last 
segment  similar  to  the  penultimate  and  scarcely  smaller,  its  posterior  margin 
gently  convex.  Pygidium  unapparent.  Forceps  about  as  long  as  the  last 
three  segments,  laminate,  nearly  straight,  directed  backward,  the  basal  third 
straight  and  equal,  subattingent,  the  remainder  tapering  slightly  and  equally 
with  a  slight  falcation  to  a  blunt,  sometimes  slightly  incurved  tip  (t?) ;  or 
apparently  somewhat  stouter  and  coarser  than  in  the  other  sex,  straight, 
laminate,  tapering  throughout  with  no  falcation ;  only  lateral  views,  how- 
ever, have  been  obtained  (?). 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  c?  16..5°"",  9  15""";  breadth  of  head, 
(?  2  2'"'";  of  pronotum,  S  1.9"™;  of  combined  tegmina,  S  i'/.f)""" ;  of  middle 
of  abdomen,  S  3.5"™,  ?  4.25"" ;  length  of  antenna},  6™" ;  of  forceps,  <?  4"", 
5  3.25"" ;  breadth  at  base,  i  1  2"" ;  at  tip,  <?  0.35"™. 


OKTHOPTEEA— FORFICULARI^. 


213 


(> 


Tliis  species  is  closely  related  to  L.  gilberti,  but  may  be  distinguished, 
at  least  in  the  male,  by  the  lesser  falcation  of  the  forceps.  The  legs,  too, 
are  shorter  and  smaller,  and  the  joints  of  the  antennas  less  numerous.  The 
sexual  difference  in  the  form  of  the  abdomen  may  be  due  to  the  mode  of 
preservation,  but  is  apparently  real. 

Florissant.  Ten  specimens,  Nos.  9201,  11172  and  13002,  13549  (<?), 
5503,  7707,  9442,  9967,  11521  and  13546,  13003,  13548  ($). 

8.  Labiduromma  lithophilum. 
PI.  16,  Fig.  19  (9). 

Labiiura  lithophila  Scud.  'T.  g.  Qfil.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  II,  259-260  (1876). 

A  specimen  from  Florissant  (sent  me  by  A.  E.  Foote)  and  figured  on 
the  plate  was  formerly  described  by  me  in  the  following  terms:  It  h  a 
female ;  the  body  is  much  flatter  than  that  of  Labidura  tertiaria,  the  abdo- 
men being  equal  on  a  side  view,  and  the  whole  surface  appears  to  be 
minutely  punctulate ;  the  form  of  the  head  can  not  be  determined ;  the  anten- 
nae approach  in  length  the  body  [the  first  joint  nearly  cylindrical,  scarcely 
enlarging  at  the  tip,  about  four  times  as  long  as  broad];  the  comparative  or 
actual  length  of  the  succeeding  joints  can  not  be  determined ;  the  prothorax 
has  its  hinder  margin  entire  and  flat ;  the  tegmina  are  a  little  longer  than 
the  prothorax,  their  hinder  edge  straight  and  apparently  oblique  ;  the  wings 
appear  to  have  surpassed  the  tegmina ;  the  Ic^s  are  very  short  (especially 
the  femora)  and  not  stout ;  the  abdominal  joints  are  of  equal  length  ;  tlie 
forceps  are  peculiar,  having  the  appearance  of  being  strongly  bowed, 
although  the  specimen  is  a  female  ;  they  are  very  stout  at  the  base,  rapidly 
and  regularly  diminish  in  size  on  the  basal  half  (which  is  about  equal  in 
length  to  two-thirds  the  last  abdominal  joint),  beyond  which  they  are  equal, 
about  half  as  stout  as  the  base,  apparently  bent  rather  strongly  inward,  and 
very  broadly  rounded  at  the  tip,  a  iorm  of  forceps  I  have  never  seen  in  any 
living  earwig. 

Length  of  body,  including  forceps,  14.5"'"';  of  antennae,  11""™;  prono- 
tum,  1.85"'";  tegmina,  2.5"™;  hind  femora,  1.8"'";  forceps,  2.25"". 

'I'lie  portion  of  the  description  included  above  in  brackets  has  since 
been  proved  incorrect  on  closer  study,  and  the  whole  of  the  antennae  in  Fig. 
19  incorrect.  The  additional  specimens  are  very  imperfect  and  only  servo 
to  show  the  general  resemblance  of  this  species  to  the  others  of  the  series. 

Florissant.     Three  bpecimens,  Nos.  231,  316,  8837  (<J). 


214 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


9.  Labiduromma  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  24. 

A  single  specimen  allowing  the  terminal  half  of  the  abdomen  represents 
a  species  evidently  distinct  from  the  others  by  the  form  of  the  forceps ;  but 
as  a  fair  view  of  even  these  is  not  presented  no  name  is  attached.  The 
specim  -m  sliows  the  side  view  with  the  ventral  somites  turned  bacic  so  as  to 
show  the  body  in  double  its  width.  The  forceps  have  the  aspect  of  those  of 
a  female,  and  appear  to  be  entirely  simple,  slender,  cylindrical,  tapering  on 
the  basal  third  and  beyond  equal,  the  tip  apparently  a  little  incurved. 

Length  of  forceps,  2.3""" ;  width  (or  depth),  0.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  5278. 

10.  Labiduromma  infernum. 
PI.  IG,  Fig.  1  {$). 

Head  roundish,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth.  Pronotuni  orbicular, 
apparently  of  the  same  width  as  the  head.  Tegmina  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
together  at  least  half  as  broad  agam  as  the  pronotum,  the  hin'I  edge  a  little 
rounded,  surpassed  only  a  little  by  the  folded  wings.  Legs  moderately 
long,  the  middle  and  hind  pairs  subequal  and  considerably  longer  than  the 
front  pair,  the  femora  about  twice  the  breadth  of  the  tibiae.  Abdomen  full, 
tapering  posteriorly,  the  last  segment  a  little  longer  than  the  others.  For- 
ceps as  long  as  the  last  three  segments  of  the  abdomen,  slender,  subequal, 
regularly  arcuate,  and  bluntly  pointed  sit  apex  (s).  The  only  specimen  be- 
ing preserved  on  a  side  view  a  good  opportunit}'  is  not  afforded  to  determine 
upon  the  form  of  many  of  the  parts.  The  sex  is  determinable  by  the  num- 
ber of  abdominal  segments. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  ll"™;  of  forceps,  S"*". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2604  (t?). 

11.  Labiduromma  labens, 
PI.  16,  Figs.  13,  16  (  3  ),  0  (immature). 

Head  suborbicular,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  the  posterior 
margin  somewhat  flattened,  the  mouth  parts  roundly  and  not  very  strongly 
produced,  the  eyes  very  large,  occupying  the  entire  breadth  of  the  head, 
the  margin  being  nearly  continuous  with  the  outer  margin  of  the  pruthorax. 


II: 

m 


ORTHOPTEKA— BLATTARLE . 


215 


■i 


Antennae  rather  stout,  the  basal  joint  stout  and  tapering,  the  second  short, 
the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  subequal,  the  fourth  as  long  as  and  the  sixth 
longer  than  the  tirst  and  cylindrical.  Pronotum  subquadrate,  broadening 
a  little  and  regularly  from  in  front  backward,  the  angles  well  rounded  off, 
at  its  broadest  a  little  narrower  than  the  head,  with  a  median  impressed  line. 
The  specimens  hardly  show  with  certainty  whether  the  species  was  winged 
or  not,  but  there  are  some  signs  which  can  hardly  be  satisfactorily  explained 
unless  it  were  provided  at  least  with  tegmina  and  that  the  tegmina  were 
obliquely  truncate  at  the  tip,  so  as  to  form  an  obtuse  angle  with  each  other 
when  closed,  the  angle  open  backward.  Metathorax  considerably  broader 
than  the  head.  Legs  rather  short  and  rather  slender,  the  tibiae  more  than  half 
as  broad  as  the  femora.  Abdomen  rather  long  and  slender,  with  parallel  sides, 
of  about  the  same  width  as  the  metathorax,  the  segments  subequal,  about 
three  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  whole  surface  very  weakly  and  distantly 
punctate.  Tiie  last  segments,  seventh  to  ninth,  decrease  rapidly  in  size, 
together  forming  a  half  circle,  so  round  and  regular  is  the  curve  of  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  body.  There  is  a  small,  bluntly  rounded  pygidium.  The 
forceps  of  the  male  are  very  slender,  almost  as  slender  as  the  antennae, 
cylindrical,  equal  nearly  to  the  tip,  about  as  long  as  the  last  five  segments, 
the  extreme  base  directed  inward,  beyond  nearly  straight  and  slightly  di- 
vergent, the  apical  fourth  incurving  slightly  and  tapering  a  very  little  to  a 
blunt  point. 

Length  of  body,  excluding  forceps,  10.25""" ;  of  forceps,  3.4"'"'. 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  5004,  6318,  7118, 11674, 14471  (<?). 


Family  BLATTARI./E  Latreille. 

Although  this  group  of  Orthoptera  is  the  most  richly  represented  of 
all  insects  in  the  Paleozoic  series,  and  has  a  great  variety  of  forms  in  the 
Secondary  rocks,  most  of  which  are  much  more  nearly  related  to  existing 
types  than  their  predecessors  of  Carboniferous  and  Permian  times,  yet  very 
few  species,  and  those  imperfectly  preserved,  are  known  from  the  Tertiaries. 
A  few  species  occur  in  umber,  and  two  or  three  others  in  various  deposits. 
Only  three  species  have  been  found  in  this  co-ntry,  and  no  one  of  them  is 
well  preserved.  They  all  appear,  however,  to  belong  to  American  types, 
and  to  such  as  are  now  found  only  in  the  warmer  regions.     (June,  1884.) 


216 


TEIlTIAltY  INaECVrS  OF  JSOltTH  AMEKIOA. 


PARALATINDIA  Saussure. 

This  peculiur  genus,  wliich  is  nearly  allied  to  the  equally  striking 
Latindia,  and  from  whicli  Saussure  considers  it  should  only  be  distinguished 
subgenerically,  is  known  only  by  a  single  species  from  Mexico ;  Latindia 
comes  from  Mexico  and  Brazil.  The  occurrence  of  a  fossil  of  this  group, 
di£fering  considerably  from  the  known  species,  is  a  curious  fact. 

Pabalatindia  SAUSSL'KEI. 


1  I 


^  i 


PI.  6,  Fig.  25. 

Prothorax  concealing  the  head,  smooth,  well  rounded,  triangular,  a 
little  broader  than  L  ng,  broadest  posteriorly,  the  hinder  margin  nearly 
straight,  the  front  strongly  convex,  almost  produced,  the  lateral  angles 
rounded.  Tegmina  extending  beyond  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen  by 
about  the  length  of  the  pronotuin,  together  considerably  broader  than  the 
pronotum,  the  costal  margin  pretty  strongly  arched.  Mediastinal  vein 
almost  completely  aborted,  the  scapular  running  parallel  to  the  niargin  in 
the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  and  furnished  from  the  very  base  with  slightly 
oblique,  frequent,  distinct  cross-veins  running  to  the  margin  and  forming 
rhoniboidal  cells  about  twice  as  broad  as  long ;  the  next  vein  is  connected 
witii  the  scapular  by  transverse,  not  oblique,  tolerably  distant  cross-veins, 
and  similar  cross-veins  appear  more  or  less  in  the  apical  half  of  the  wing. 
The  oblique  fold  characteristic  of  this  genus  is  clearly  shown  in  the  detached 
wing  thrown  partly  forward,  but  the  species  differs  from  the  living  type  in 
its  greater  size,  considerably  larger  wingo  the  extreme  brevity  of  the  medi- 
astinal vein,  and  the  frequent  distinct  and  little  oblique  branches  of  the  scap- 
ular vein ;  nor  is  the  pronotum  in  the  least  hairy. 

Length  of  body,  S.S""?;  of  pronotum,  1.85""";  breadth  of  same, 
2.25""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  5.2  >""■ ;  breadth  of  overlapping  tegmina  at  rest, 

Named  for  the  distinguished  entomologist.  Dr.  Henri  de  Saussure,  of 
Geneva,  Switzerland. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard,  No.  137. 


I 


.-  -^ 


OKTHOPTEBA— BLATTABIJi:. 


217 


ZKTOBORA  Burmeister. 

This  genus  has  not  before  been  found  fossil,  and  the  species  at  hand  in 
some  particulars  more  nearly  resembles  a  Blabera ;  but  its  size  accords  so 
mu«;h  better  with  the  species  of  this  genus  that  it  would  seem  more  properly 
placed  here.  Both  Zetobora  and  Blabera  are  American  types  and  charac- 
teristic of  the  warmer  regions. 


I 


Zetobora  brunneri. 
PI.  17,  Fig.  12. 

A  species  is  indicated  about  the  size  of  Z,  monastica  Sauss.  It  differs 
from  the  ordinary  forms  of  Zetobora  in  the  regular  form  of  its  pronotum, 
which  resembles  that  of  a  Blabera,  and  is  scarcely  broader  behind  than  in 
front,  very  broadly  rounded  in  front,  rounded  and  not  angulate  laterally,  and 
a  little  less  than  half  as  broad  again  as  long ;  it  is  narrowly  and  delicately 
marginate  but  nowhere  distinctly  reflexed,  perfectly  smooth,  and  completely 
covers  the  orbicular  head  ;  it  is  light  colored  but  edged  narrowly  with  black. 
The  tegmina  are  thin  and  provided  with  closely  approximate  multitudinous 
dark  veins  ;  their  exact  length  can  not  be  determined.  The  legs  are  moder- 
ately slender  and  show  a  few  signs  of  delicate  spines  in  such  a  way  as  to 
indicate  that  others  not  seen  existed,  and  therefore  nothing  can  be  said  of 
them. 

Length  of  body,  IT™";  of  pronotum,  4.6™™;  breadth  of  same,  6™"; 
length  of  tegm'na,  20"™?;  of  middle  femora,  5™™. 

Named  for  the  distinguished  orthopterologist.  Dr.  Carl  Brunner  von 
Wattenwyl,  of  Vienna. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  5122. 


HOMCEOGAMIA  Burm. 

A  single  fossil  species  is  referre '  here,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that 
one  of  the  few  species  described  fi'om  the  European  Tertiaries  has  been  re- 
ferred by  Heer  to  Heterogamia,  a  name  then  used  to  include  both  Poly- 
pbaga  and  Homceogamia.  The  species  of  Homoeogamia  are  few  in  number 
and  found  only  in  the  warmer  parts  of  America. 


218 


lEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMBRIOA. 


i  i 


!■'! 


HOMffiOQAMIA   VENTBIUSA. 

PI.  17,  Fig.  8. 

Homceoqamia  ventriotut  Hciiild.,  Dull.  IT.  8.  Qcol.  Oeogr.  Surr.  Terr.,  I,  p.  447  (1876). 

The  remains  upon  which  tliis  species  is  based  consist  of  the  apical  por- 
tion of  the  ventral  surface  of  an  abdomen.  Five  segments  are  seen  in  nat- 
ural juxtaposition,  showing  that  the  apical  portion  of  the  abdomen  was  very 
regularly  rounded,  almost  exactly  semiinrcular,  the  terminal  segment  pro- 
'senting  no  break  in  the  regular  continuity  of  the  curve.  This  segment  was 
ample,  broader  than  long,  and  probably  neither  very  tumid  nor  greatly 
keeled ;  for  in  the  present  perfectly  flattened  condition  of  the  fossil  there  is 
neither  break  nor  folding  of  the  integument ;  the  two  segments  following 
this  are  very  strongly  arched  (the  penultimate  being  semicinul.ir)  and 
greatly  contracted  at  the  middle,  so  that  this  portion  is  not  less  than  half  as 
long  as  the  lateral  parts ;  the  anterior  border  of  the  antepenultimate  segment 
is  straight  along  the  middle ;  the  segment  anterior  to  this  is  also  arched, 
though  not  strongly,  is  oppositely  sinuate  (as  are  to  a  less  extent  the  seg- 
ments posterior  to  it),  and  also  much  contracted  in  the  middle,  so  as  to  be 
less  than  half  as  long  as  at  the  sides ;  while  its  predecessor  is  slightly  arcu- 
ate in  the  opposite  direction  (j)robably  exactly  transverse  in  life),  and  equal 
or  subequal  throughout.  All  the  segments  are  uniforndy,  rather  abundantly, 
and  very  delicately  granulate  throug  hout.  There  is  no  trace  of  cerci,  but 
the  place  where  they  should  occur  is  too  broken  to  assert  that  they  did  not 
exist  externally ;  still  the  conformation  of  this  region  would  lead  one  to  sup- 
pose that  they  must  have  been  excessively  minute,  and  perhaps  altogether 
concealed  within  the  segments,  as  in  Cryptocercus  Scudd. 

Length  of  fragment,  8""°;  width  of  same,  12.25""";  length  of  terminal 
segment,  S.G""";  width  of  san  o,  6.3™™;  length  of  antepenultimate  segment 
in  the  middle,  0.6™";  at  thd  sides,  1.85"'™. 

I  have  referred  this  species  to  Homceogamia  with  some  doubt ;  on  some 
accounts  it  would  seem  to  be  i.iore  nearly  allied  to  Polyphaga ;  but  as  the 
specimen  is  too  fragmentary  to  allow  of  more  exact  determination  I  have 
preferred  to  place  it  in  the  New  World  genus  rather  tha.i  in  its  close  ally, 
which  is  restricted  to  the  Old  World.  Cockroaches  of  such  large  size  are 
indigenous  in  warm  climates  only. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Mr.  T.  L.  Mead,  No.  8. 


ORTHOPTERA— PHAHMIDA. 


219 


Family  PHASMIDA  Leach. 

Fossils  of  this  family  are  among  the  great  raritieH.  Yet  they  have 
been  found  even  in  carboniferous  times,  as  has  been  abundantly  shown  by 
Brongniart.  In  a  collection  of  over  three  thousand  amber  insects  possessed 
by  Menge  a  dozen  only  belonged  to  this  family  and  represented  three 
different  genera.  But  excepting  in  amber,  they  have  never  before  been 
recovered  from  Tertiary  deposits.  The  single  specimen  tound  at  Florissant 
is  not  very  far  removed  apparently  from  the  curious  amber  genus  Pseu- 
doperla,  but  is  more  nearly  allied  to  forms  peculiar  to  the  warmer  parts  of 
America.     (June,  1884.) 

AGATHEMERA  St&l. 

This  genus  is  composed  of  few  and  exclusively  American  species  hav- 
ing a  rather  stout,  compact,  and  brief  form  for  Phasmida.  All  the  genera 
in  the  inmiediate  vicinity  are  also  American,  and  none  of  them  have  before 
been  found  fossil. 

Agathemera  reclusa. 

PI,  17,  Fig.  11. 

The  brevity  of  the  legs,  aborted  condition  of  the  orguns  of  flight 
short  mesothorax,  and  comparatively  stout  abdomen  not  tapering  apically 
make  it  tolerably  certain  that  the  species  here  found  fossil  belongs  to  the 
group  formerly  classed  in  Anisomorpha,  and  is  more  nearly  related  to  Agath- 
emera than  any  other  known  genus.  The  head  is  quadrate,  stout,  a  little 
longer  than  broaJ ;  the  pronotum  is  composed  of  a  larger  quadrate  piece, 
narrowing  rapidly  in  front  of  the  insertion  of  the  legs,  posterior  to  the  con- 
traction about  equally  broad  and  long,  but  with  it  half  as  long  again  as 
broad ;  mesothorax  a  little  broader  posteriorly  than  in  front  and  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head,  bearing  tegmina  with  rounded  tips  just  reaching  its 
posterior  margin,  the  segment  of  equal  length  and  breadth  and  a  little 
longer  than  the  other  segments  of  the  thorax ;  metathorax  tapering  apically, 
nearly  as  long  as  its  greatest  breadth,  but  shorter  than  the  mesothorax,  and 
bearing  small  functionless  wings,  not  surpassing  its  borders.  A  slight 
raised  median  line  qn  the  front  half  of  the  thorax.  Abdomen  stout,  enlarg- 
ing a  little  in  the  posterior  half,  all  the  segments  broader  than  long  by 
about  an  equal  amount.    The  last  segment  of  the  abdomen  is  not  preserved, 


220 


TKRTIAUY  INHi;C)T8  OF  NO'iTII  AMERICA. 


'■    I 


but  tlio  specimen  would  appenr  to  be  a  mule.  The  legs  are  niocb'nitely 
Btout,  the  hind  i'omom  reaching  to  about  the  tip  of  the  fourth  alulominal 
Hegmont. 

Length  of  body,  20""" ;  of  head,  l.S"" ;  of  pronotum,  2.75'""' ;  of  meab- 
notum,  3""";  of  metanotum,  2.fi"'"' ;  breadth  of  head,  1.25™"',  of  pronotum, 
1.75"'"';  of  mesonotum,  3'"'";  length  of  fore  and  middle  femora,  8.25"'"';  of 
hind  femora,  4.75'""' ;  of  hind  tibiju,  5"'"". 

Florissant     One  specimen,  No.  5817. 


:1' 


Family  ACRIDII  Serville. 

Only  ten  Acridii  have  been  published  as  found  in  the  European  Ter- 
tiaries  and  most  of  these  belong  to  the  Gi^dipodidaj  or  liave  been  placed 
there.  The  exceptions  are  Gidipoda  nigrofasciolata  Heer,  Gomphocerus 
femoralis  Heer  and  Acridiuin  barthelemyi  Hope  which  are  probably  Trux- 
alidie,  and  Tetrix  gracilis  Hoer  which  is  certainly  a  Tettigidea.  The  six 
species  we  have  found  in  America  are  all  Truxalidic  and  (Edipodida),  so 
that  all  but  one  of  the  known  species  belong  to  these  two  groups,  the  ffidi- 
podidffi  having  half  as  many  again  as  the  Truxalida)  in  general,  though 
the  two  groups  are  ecjually  represented  in  America.  It  is  not  a  little 
remarkable  that  no  Acrididic  proper  have  been  found  fossil.  This  group 
has  a  vast  development  in  the  United  States,  and  together  with  Phynia- 
tidai  and  Pamphagidaj,  likewise  totally  unrepresented,  is  oven  richer  in  trop- 
ical regions.  The  subfamily  best  represented  may  be  considered  more  than 
any  other  a  denizen  of  the  temperate  regions.     (July,  1884.) 


■tf 

Si  «!;- 


m 


Subfamily  TRTJXALID^E  St&l. 

Nearly  a  third  of  the  known  fossil  Acridii  belong  tr  this  group,  and,  as 
stated  above,  it  contains  one-half  of  the  America  n  species.  The  reference 
of  Acridium  barthelemyi  Hope  from  Aix  to  this  gr  jup  is,  however,  somewhat 
doubtful,  the  species  being  imperfectly  described.  CEdipoda  nigrofasciolata 
Heer  from  Radoboj  seems  to  belong  here  rather  than  to  the  Qlldipodidae, 
for  the  vena  intercalata  is  wholly  absent  and  its  close  resemblance  to  the 
large  subtropical  genus  Scyllina  Stal  renders  it  probable  that  it  belongs  to 
that  group ;  a  new  resemblance  is  thereby  discovered  between  the  Radoboj 
fossils  and  types  of  the  warmer  parts  of  America.     (July,  1884.) 


ORTHOPTE  U  A— ACRI DII. 


221 


TYRBULA  gen.  nov.  (Tvp/Srf). 

TliiH  immo  Ih  propoHed  for  ii  group  of  Truxulidic  evidently  falling  in 
closi)  proximity  to  Syrbnla  Still,  having  linear  antennic,  enlarged  npically, 
and  hind  tii)ia'  well  provided  with  npineH.  The  antenn»»'  are  more  diHtinetly 
(•,lul)bed  tliau  in  Syrbula,  the  club  being  about  twice  the  diameter  of  the 
stalk,  composed  of  seven  or  eight  joints  of  which  the  last  two  are  very  small, 
forming  a  rapidly  tapering  tip.  The  head  is  less  prominent  than  in  Syrbula 
and  the  eyes  considerably  smaller,  being  considerably  shorter  than  the  in- 
fraocidar  parts  of  the  cheeks  ;  otherwise  the  general  aspect  of  the  insect  is  the 
same.  The  genicidar  lobes  are  as  in  Syrbula.  The  hind  tibia',  are  abun- 
dantly spined,  in  one  species  even  much  more  abundantly  than  in  Syrbula. 


Table  of  the  ipemei  of  Tgrbula. 

8|iini>ii  of  hind  tibiu)  exoeedlnf;ly  nnnierous,  their  basal  halt  hardly  tapering 

Spines  of  bind  tibiai  loss  nninerons,  tapering  uniformly  throughout 


...1.   T.  multiapinota. 
2.  T.  rutnelU. 


■  1.   TyKBULA   M1JLTI8PIN08A. 
PI.  17,  Fig.  13. 

This  species  is  represented  mainly  by  fragments  of  hind  wings  and  hind 
legs.  Of  the  former  nothing  more  can  be  said  than  that  they  appear  to  have 
had  a  faint  smoky  tinge  with  numerous  black,  delicate  veins,  and  that  when 
closed  they  extended  a  very  little  beyoud  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  The 
hind  legs  are  long,  moderately  slender,  the  tibiic  armed  with  exceptionally 
numerous  spines  which  are  blackish,  of  uniform  width  to  beyond  the  middle, 
and  then  tapering,  mainly  by  the  excision  of  the  under  edge,  giving  them  a 
slightly  upturned  appearance,  five  or  six  times  longer  than  their  breadth  at 
the  middle,  and  so  closely  set  that  the  interspaces  and  the  spines  are  of  equal 
breadth ;  they  decrease  in  length  very  regularly  toward  the  base  of  the 
tibia  and  to  a  slight  extent  toward  the  apex  ;  but  just  how  many  there  are 
or  how  far  they  extend  toward  the  base  the  imperfect  nature  of  the  only 
specim'^n  preserving  the  tibia  forbids  determining ;  it  seems  probable,  how- 
ever, that  the  number  exceeds  twenty-five.  The  specimen  from  Florissant, 
preserving  the  femur,  is  placed  here  because  its  size  agrees  perfectly  with 
the  other  specimens  and  its  form  indicates  the  relationship.  If  it  is  correctly 
placed,  the  femur  is  stouter  and  less  delicately  attenuated  than  in  the  next 
species. 


222 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  femur,  1 7.5"" ;  breadth  of  same,  3.5"" ;  length  of  hind  wings, 
23.5'"''- ;  of  longest  tibial  spines,  0.8"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  138  and  140,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packarrl;  No.  51,  Prof.  L.  A  Lee.  Florissant,  Colorado.  One  specimen. 
No.  1 4720,  collected  by  Miss  C.  H.  Blatchford. 


' 


2.    TyRBULA   RD88ELLI. 
PI.  17,  Figs.  1-4. 

A  couple  of  excellently  preserved  specimens,  exhibiting  a  side  view, 
show  most  of  the  body,  the  antennae,  closed  tegmina  with  underlying  wings, 
front  and  hind  legs,  and  part  of  the  middle  legs.  The  head  is  not  very 
prominent,  with  rounded  vertex,  moderately  full  retreating  front,  eyes  rather 
small,  superior,  oval,  considerably  shorter  than  thj  distance  from  their  lower 
edge  to  the  base  of  the  mandibles ;  the  antenufe  are  nearly  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  straight,  very  slender,  the  apical  fifth  expanding  to  a  club  of 
twice  the  diameter  of  the  stalk,  the  middle  joints  of  which  (Fig.  1)  are  nearly 
twice  as  broad  as  long  and  microscopically  densely  punctate.  The  prono- 
tum  is  twice  as  long  as  the  head,  the  posterior  lobe  not  projecting  very  far; 
the  tegmina  are  slender,  broadly  rounded  apically,  reaching  when  closed 
the  til)  of  the  abdomen.  The  legs  are  all  very  slender  and  delicate,  the 
front  femora  not  much  stouter  than  the  ♦ibiae,  the  fore  and  middle  tibiae 
with  a  double  row  of  delicate,  short,  rather  frequent  spines.  The  hind 
femora  scarcely  reach  so  far  as  the  closed  tegmina,  but  are  slender  and 
graceful,  with  the  middle  external  field  well  defined  by  superior  and  inferior 
cariiijie  or  angles,  with  indications  of  having  been  twice  annulate  with  narrow, 
dusky  bands  in  the  distal  half,  the  outer  annulus  midway  between  the  inner 
and  the  apex ;  hind  tibia;  fully  as  long  as  the  femora,  very  slender,  armed 
with  a  large  number  (about  eighteen  to  twenty)  of  delicate  tapering  spines, 
considerably  longer  than  the  width  oi  the  tibiae,  but  more  distant  (Fig.  4) 
than  in  the  preceding  species ;  they  are  much  broken  in  the  specimens. 
Tarsi  with  delicate  crowded  spines. 

Length  of  body,  23"";  of  pronotum,  4.5"™  ;  of  antennae,  10"";  width 
of  club,  0.4""  ;  length  of  tegmina,  18""  ;  width  of  same,  2.7""  ;  length  of 
fore  femora,  5.5"" ;  fore  tibise,  5.25'"" ;  hind  femora,  14.5"";  width  of  hind 
femora,  2"";  length  of  longest  tibial  spine,  0.5™". 


ORTHOPTBEA— ACEIDII. 


223 


^ 


Florissant.  Two  specimens,  both  apparently  females,  No.  14175,  and 
the  one  figured,  the  latter  obtained  by  Mr,  Israel  C.  Russell,  of  the  L.  S. 
Greological  Survey,  for  whom  the  species  .is  r  ^med. 

GOMPHOCERUS  Thunberg. 

Heer  describes  a  species  of  this  genus  from  Oeningen.  It  is  of  small 
size,  like  most  of  those  of  temperate  America  and  Europe,  while  the  species 
here  provisionally  referred  to  it  is  very  much  larger.  I  have  also  seen  a 
species  from  Aix,  labeled  as  a  Gomphocerus  by  Heer,  which  may,  perhaps, 
be  more  nearly  allied  to  Leptysnia  or  Arnilia.  Gomphocerus  and  its  nearer 
allies  are  rather  characteristic  of,  or  at  least  are  at  present  better  known 
from,  temperate  regions,  and  are  found  around  the  entire  globe.  (July, 
1884.) 

Gomphocerus  abstrusus. 

PL  17,  Pig.  6. 

This  species  is  placed  here  because  of  its  general  affinities  as  indicated 
by  the  front  half  of  the  body,  which,  as  seen  on  a  side  view,  is  all  that  is 
preserved.  It  does  not  seem,  on  several  accounts,  to  belong  in  the  genus, 
but  it  plainly  comes  near  it.  The  head  is  large  and  protuberant,  with  a 
prominent  ve;  tex,  sharply  angled  as  seen  on  a  side  view,  with  a  rounded, 
retreating  face.  Antenr^ae  slender,  very  slightly  enlarged  to  a  faint  elon- 
gated club  at  the  apex,  nearly  reaching  to  the  tip  of  the  pronotum.  The 
'atter  short,  with  quadrate  deflected  lobes,  the  inferior  margin  straight. 
Tegmina  large,  dusky,  with  the  interspaces  'letween  the  longitudinal  veins 
broken  at  base  by  straight  cross-veins  into  pretty  regular  square  or  sub- 
quadrate  cells. 

Length  of  fragment,  21""" ;  of  head,  4.5"'" ;  length  of  face,  5.5""' ; 
length  of  antennae,  S"" ;  of  pronotum,  5'"™  ;  height  of  same,  4""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  635  and  11736. 

Subfjamily  CEDIPODII^.^  StM. 

To  this  subfamily  belong  most  of  the  fossil  Acridii  and  half  of  the 
American  species.  Heer  in  his  Tertiiirgebilde  and  his  Urvvelt  der  Schv.-jiz 
describes  half  a  dozen  species  from  Oeningf  n  and  Radoboj,  referring  them 
all  to  the  old  genus  CEdipoda.     Serres  mentions  a  species  from  Aix  which 


mummfW 


r 


224 


TEBTIAEY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKICA. 


:i: 


pi, 


? ;  1 


•  i- 


he  compares  to  (Edipoda  coerulescens,  and  I  have  seen  an  undescribed  form 
from  Aix  in  the  hands  of  M.  Oustalet  which  is  apparently  allied  closely  to 
Cliimarocephala.  Of  the  Radoboj  species  described  by  Heer,  O.  nigrofas- 
ciolata,  as  stated  above,  is  probably  a  Scyllina  and  not  an  oedipodid.  O. 
melanosticta  is  perhaps  an  Hippiscus,  and  O.  haidingeri  a  Dissosteira,  or 
certainly  very  close  to  it.  Of  the  Oeningen  species  which  Heer  describes, 
O.  fischeri  looks  somewhat  like  a  Chimarocephaia,  and  O.  germari  (not 
described)  is  said  by  Heer  to  belong  near  Pachytylus.  O.  oeningensis  is 
too  obscure  to  say  that  it  belongs  in  this  family.  The  larger  part  of  the 
European  species  would  therefore  seem  to  have  decided  American  affinities, 
Chimarocephaia,  Dissosteira,  and  Hippiscus  being  distinctively  American. 

Of  the  American  species,  one  is  referred  to  (Edipoda  only  in  «,  general 
sense ;  the  two  others  belong  \o  new  genera,  one  near  the  end,  the  other 
next  the  end  of  the  series,  in  the  vicinity  of  Chimarocephaia  and  Encopto- 
lophus,  American  genera. 

The  family  finds  its  greatest  development  in  the  north  temperate 
regions  of  the  world,  and  is  remarkably  abundant  in  forms  in  North  Amer- 
ica, and  particularly  in  the  warmer  and  more  arid  parts  of  the  United 
States.     (July,  1884.) 

NAliiTHACIA  gen.  nov.  (Nanthace+ffrasshopner,  Otoe). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  genus  of  CEdipodidaj  which  is  allied  to 
Encoptolophus,  but  in  which  the  upper  ulnar  vein  of  the  preanal  area  of 
the  hind  wings  does  not  extend  nearly  to  the  margin  of  the  wing  but  ter- 
minates before  the  middle,  as  it  does  in  the  tegmina,  in  a  foi*k  which  extends 
above  to  the  radial  and  below  to  the  lower  ulnar  vein. 

Nanthacia  torpida. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  has  been  recovered,  showing  a  hind  wing 
only,  in  which  the  anal  area  is  closed  and  the  j)reanal  almost  fully  exposed. 
The  principal  radial  vein  runs  in  close  proximity  to  the  costal  margin,  and 
it  is  connected  with  the  veins  above  by  very  short  cross-veins,  and  near  the 
tip  of  the  wing  by  a  stigma,  as  in  Encoptolophus.  It  has  two  principal  ob- 
lique forks,  the  itmer  arising  only  a  little  within  the  middle  of  the  wing  and 
terminating  on  the  ulnar  a  little  before  the  outer  margin,  the  other  arising 
rather  less  than  a  third  ^i  the  way  from  the  former  to  the  apex  and  ter- 


t 


1 


r 


OETHOPTBRA— ACRIDII. 


225 


f 


minating  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin ;  the  interspaces  above  the  lat- 
ter fork,  above  the  base  of  the  former  and  the  postradial  area,  are  filled  with 
frequent  stout  and  straight  cross-veins,  while  the  interspace  betwee.i  the 
radial  branches  is  filled  by  more  distant,  often  oblique,  straight  veins,  form- 
ing squarish  cells.  The  membrane  appears  to  have  been  hyaline  and  the 
veins  and  cross-veins  distinct  and  black. 

Length  of  wings,  22""";  breadth  of  preanal  area,  2.35"""'. 

Florissa  t.     One  specimen,  No.  9100. 


a:DIP01)A  Latreille. 

A  number  of  European  species  have  been  referred  to  this  genus,  but 
only  in  a  broad  sense,  and,  as  I  have  stated  above  under  the  family,  may 
most  of  them  be  more  definitely  placed.  Here,  however,  must  fall  both  0. 
oeningensis  Heer  and  the  American  species  described  below,  as  belonging 
to  the  genus  in  its  widest  sense,  and  the  Aix  species  mentioned  by  Serres 
may  also  probably  find  a  place  here,  as  Serres  compares  it  to  the  type  of  the 
genus.  In  its  most  limited  sense  the  genus  is  confined  to  the  Old  World. 
(July,  1884.) 

(Edipoda  pk^focata. 

PI.  17,  Fig.  5, 

The  single  specimen  found  represents  the  basal  half  of  a  hind  wing 
overlying  a  similar  part  of  an  obscure  front  wing.  By  the  venation  and 
markings  it  appears  to  belong  to  the  CEdipodidai,  but  it  is  too  imperfect  to 
judge  more  closely  of  its  affinities.  The  wing  was  a  large  one,  fuliginous, 
with  at  least  three  parallel  and  equidistant  curving  rows  of  paler  (or 
brighter)  markings  in  the  form  of  rather  narrow  bands,  the  middle  one 
apparently  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  the  broadest  and  discontinuous,  cross- 
ing most  of  the  wing ;  the  inner  one,  midway  between  this  and  the  base, 
narrower  and  crossing  the  upper  half  or  less  of  the  wing.  In  the  anal  urea 
the  intercalary  veins  run  far  ir^  toward  the  base  of  the  wing,  and  in  the 
outer  half  become  broken  into  two  or  even  more,  so  that  several  rows  of 
cells  lie  between  the  anal  rays  next  the  outer  portion  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  fragment,  23"'"' ;  probable  length  of  wing,  30""" ;  its  proba- 
ble breadth,  18""" ;  breadth  of  tegmina,  4°'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  7389. 
VOL  xiii 15 


1 


226 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


TAPHACRIS  gen.  nov.  {edTrroo,  dnp/?). 

This  peculiar  genus  appears  to  fall  in  the  Eremobida;  or  near  this 
group  of  (Edipodidaj,  the  intercalary  vein  of  the  tegmina  being  absent,  but 
it  does  not  agree  with  any  of  the  known  genera  of  that  tribe.  The  head 
is  large  and  well  rounded,  smooth;  the  vertex  of  moderate  width,  the  eyes 
large,  not  prominent ;  antennae  cylindrical,  uniform,  slender,  not  reaching 
the  extremity  of  the  short  pronotum.  Pronotum  stout,  rather  short,  very 
slightly  and  regularly  expanding  from  in  front  backward,  the  lobes  of  equal 
length,  the  anterior  divided  in  the  middle  by  a  second  transverse  incision, 
the  very  slig!\t  median  carina  not  extending  to  its  anterior  half,  which  is 
produced  and  angulate;  tip  of  pronotum  obtusely  angulate.  Tegmina 
longer  than  abdomen,  the  costal  area  broad  at  base  but  not  convex ;  the 
simple  subexternomedian  arises  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  the  oxter- 
nomedian  vein  has  five  branches  beyond  it,  with  simple  cross-veins  in  the 
interspaces  and  no  reticulation  ;  there  is  no  intercalary  vein  ;  the  interno- 
median  vein  terminates  just  before  the  origin  of  the  subexternomedian  in  a 
large,  triangular  cell  (surrounded  by  irregular  reticulation),  from  the  lowsr 
angle  of  which  springs  a  broad  fork,  the  inner  branch  of  which  terminates 
at  the  end  of  the  short  anal  vein  far  within  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The 
wings  are  as  long  as  the  tegmina,  the  pre  anal  portions  repeating  closely, 
especially  in  the  branches  of  the  externomedian  vein,  the  characteristics  of 
the  tegmina. 

Taphacr!8  reliquata. 

PI.  12,  Pigs.  8, 1». 

The  vertex  is  a  little  less  than  half  the  width  of  one  of  the  eyes,  as  seen 
from  above.  Antennae  composed  of  about  thirty-two  joints,  each  about 
twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  whole  reaching  close  to  the  tip  of  the  pronotum. 
Pronotum  slightly  longer  than  its  greatest  breadth.  Tegmina  slender  and 
nearly  equal,  the  scapular  vein  closely  approaching  the  costal  margin  at 
about  three-fifths  the  distance  from  the  base,  the  mediastinal  terminating  at 
about  two-fifths  the  distance,  the  area  above  it  forming  a  regular  triangle 
broad  at  base  and  gradually  narrowing,  filled  with  oblique,  but  toward  the 
base  rather  irregular,  veins.  The  tegmina  appear  to  have  been  more  or  less 
obscurely  testaceous,  and  perhaps  more  or  less  blotched,  but  the  veins  are 


1 


1 


ORTHOPTERA— LOOUSTAKIiB. 


' 


m 


distinctly  marked  ;  the  wings  are  also  testaceous  along  the  costal-margin, 
but  elsewhere  hyaline  with  blackish  veins  and  no  sign  of  intercalary  veins 
between  the  anal  rays. 

Length  of  body,  33.5'"°' ;  of  head,  2.5"""  ;  of  antenna),  9""™  ;  of  pronotum, 
7.5"""';  of  tegmina,  30.5"";  breadth  of  head,  4.5"";  of  pronotum  in  front, 
5™";  behind,  8.75"";  of  middle  of  tegmina,  4"". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  404  and  4643  ($),  7507. 


Family  LOCUSTARI^  Latreille. 

Like  the  Acridii,  this  family  of  Orthoptera  is  not  well  represented  in 
the  Tertiary  rocks  ;  no  specimens  of  either  have  been  found  in  amber,  ex- 
cepting a  few  larva:  of  this  family.  Yet  almost  all  of  the  larger  subfamilies 
are  present  both  in  Europe  and  America.  The  Gonocephalidte,  however, 
which  are  represented  in  America  by  two  species,  have  none  in  Europe,  and 
per  contra,  the  Decticidae,  which  have  three  species  in  Europe,  do  not  occur 
in  America.  Two  of  the  European  species  can  not  be  placed,  Locustites 
maculata  Heer  from  Parschlug  and  Decticus  exstinctus  Germ.,  from  the 
Rhenish  coal.  Ten  species,  including  two  referred  to  only  by  generic 
names,  have  been  found  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  and  five  in  America, 
besides  indications  of  others.  Unlike  the  Acridii,  the  European  and  Ameri- 
can species  show  few  points  in  common,  the  species  which  are  referred  to 
the  same  subfamilies  being  widely  separated.     (July,  1884). 

Subfamily    PHYLLOPHORIE).E   StM. 

The  only  European  species  of  this  group,  which  is  best  represented  in 
warm,  temperate,  and  tropical  countries,  is  Phaneroptera  vetusta  Heer  from 
Oeningen,  and  it  is  widely  distinct  from  the  single  American  species  referred 
here.     (July,  1884.) 

LITHYMNETES  Scudder. 

Lithymiietea  Soiidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Ge<il.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  532-533  (1878). 

A  stout-bodied  genus  of  Phyllophorida),  probably  belonging  near  Steiro- 
don,  but  differing  from  the  entire  series  into  which  Steirodon  and  its  allies 
fall  in  the  great  length  of  its  ovipositor,  which  is  at  least  as  long  as  the 
abdomen  ;  while  in  Steirodon  and  its  allies,  so  far  as  I  know  them,  it  is 
seldom  more  than  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  it  is  also  peculiar 


228 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i-J 


i  r 


i: 


111 


I 


in  the  disposition  of  the  principal  radial  branch  of  the  tegmina.  The  head 
is  hxrge,  full,  well  rounded;  the  eye  small,  almost  circular,  its  longer 
diameter  at  right  angles  to  the  extremity  of  the  vertex.  The  proiiotum 
shows  no  sign  of  having  its  lateral  borders  cristate  or  even  crenulate,  but 
this  may  be  due  to  imperfect  preservation  of  the  single  specimen  at  hand, 
on  which  it  is  impossible  to  determine  the  form  of  the  late.  .1  lobes.  Teg- 
mina much  longer  than  the  body,  densely  reticulated,  very  ample,  expand- 
ing at  the  very  base,  so  as  to  be  nearly  equal  before  the  extremity ;  this  is 
destroyed,  but  is  evidently  formed  some'vliat,  p.nd  perhaps  exactly,  as  in  the 
Steiro  Ion  series,  since  it  tapers  on  either  border,  but  more  rapidly  on  the 
inner  than  on  the  costal  margin,  its  curve  indicating  that  the  apex  of  the 
wing  is  above,  and  probablj'  considerably  above,  the  middle.  The  scapular 
vein,  in  the  middle  of  the  basiil  half  of  the  wing,  curves  strongly  toward  the 
costal  margin,  nearly  reaching  it  beyond  the  middle  of  the  same,  and  thence 
following  nearly  parallel  and  in  close  proximity  to  it ;  in  the  broader  part 
of  the  costal  area,  beyond  the  subcostal  vein  (which  acts  in  a  similar  man- 
ner), it  emits  three  or  four  branches,  the  larger  ones  of  which  fork  and, 
with  the  branches  of  the  subcostal  vein,  strike  the  costal  border  at  equal 
distances  apart ;  all  these  branches  are  straight,  and  are  connected  by 
irregular,  weaker  cross-veins,  while  the  interspaces  are  filled  with  a  still 
weaker,  dense  mesh- work.  The  externomedian  vein,  parallel  to  and  sepa- 
rated distinctly  from  the  preceding,  emits  the  principal  branch  where  the 
scapular  curves  upward ;  this  branch  continues  the  basal  «;Ourse  of  the  ir.3in 
vein,  is  straight,  forkc  at  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  each  fork  again 
branching  at  a  little  distance  beyond,  the  branches  of  the  upper  fork  strik- 
ing the  border  of  the  wing  where  it  seems  probable  the  apex  falls ;  all  the 
branches  of  this  fork  curve  a  little,  but  only  a  little,  downward ;  the  second 
branch  of  the  externomedian  vein  is  emitted  shortly  before  the  middle  of 
the  wing,  and  does  not  reach  the  margin,  dying  out  shortly  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  The  subexternomedian  vein  runs  above  the  middle  of 
the  remaining  portion  of  the  discoidal  area,  and  emits  four  inferior  branches, 
at  subequal  distances,  the  first  of  which  forks  and  the  second  originates 
opposite  the  principal  branch  of  the  externomedian  vein.  Apparently  the 
anal  area  is  pretty  long.  Wings  apparently  extending  beyond  the  tegmina. 
The  legs  are  short,  slender,  the  fore  tibia;  apparently  furnished  with  a 
moderately  broad  obovate  foramen,  the  hind  tib'je  of  equal  size  throughout. 


ORTIIOPTE  R  A— liOC  USTARI^. 


229 


■ 


slightly  longer  than  the  hind  femora,  and  the  latter  scarcely  extending 
beyond  the  abdomen.  Ovipositor  long,  broad,  saber-shaped,  a  little  up- 
curved. 

This  is  one  of  the  largest  Tertiary  Locustariae  known,  if  not  the 
largest. 

LiTHVMNETES   GUTTATU8. 

PI.  17,  Figs.  14,  16. 

Lithymnetea  guttalut  Scndd..  Ball.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  533-534  (1878). 

This  is  the  largest  insect  I  have  seen  from  the  Tertiary  shales  of  Flor- 
issant, and  is  remarkable  for  the  markings  of  the  tegmina,  which  are  covered 
throughout  (with  the  possible  exception  of  the  anal  area  and  the  extreme 
base  of  the  wing,  which  are  obscure)  with  minute,  circular,  equidistant,  pale 
spots,  situated  between  the  nervules ;  they  have  a  mean  diameter  of  half  a 
millimeter,  and  a  mean  distance  apart  of  one  and  a  half  millimeters.  The 
head  is  full  and  regularly  rounded  on  a  side  view,  with  no  prominences. 
The  antennsE  appear  to  have  the  usual  structure,  but  the  second  joint  is 
small,  and  the  thickness  of  the  joints  above  the  front  of  the  prothorax  is 
0.4.5""",  already  diminishing  to  O-S""  at  the  posterior  border  of  the  same ; 
they  are  broken  shortly  beyond  this  point,  so  that  t'leir  length  can  not  be 
determined.  The  mean  diameter  of  the  eyes  is  scarcely  more  tlian  one-third 
the  shortest  length  of  the  genae.  The  costal  margin  of  the  tegmina  is  gently 
convex,  with  a  regular  curve  throughout,  or  until  close  to  the  tip ;  the  inner 
margin  has  a  similar  tliough  slighter  convexity  ;  the  principal  branch  of  the 
externomedian  vein  passes  through  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  legs  are 
all  slender,  the  hind  femora  very  slight,  but  little  incrassated  toward  the 
base,  the  hind  tibiae  slender,  equal  throughout,  armed  at  tip  with  a  pair  of 
small,  moderately  stout,  black-tipped  spurs,  the  hind  tarsi  about  two-fifths 
the  length  of  the  tibiae,  the  claw  very  slight.  Ovipositor  broad,  gently 
curved,  at  least  as  long  as  the  hind  tibiae,  of  nearly  equal  size  upon  the  part 
preserved. 

Length  of  body  (excluding  ovipositor),  37°"";  depth  of  head,  12.5"""; 
larger  diameter  of  eye,  1.85"'"';  shorter,  1.35°'"';  distance  from  lower  edge 
of  eye  to  upper  edge  of  mandibles,  4""' ;  length  of  preserved  part  of  tegmina, 
45.5"'"' ;  probable  lengtli  of  same.  55*""" ;  distance  from  base  of  tegmina  to 
front  of  head,  13"'"' ;  from  same  to  base  of  principal  branch  of  externomedian 


230 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 


vein,  14.5""" ;  breadth  of  tegmirui  in  middle,  Ifi"'"';  lengtli  offore  femora,* 
g""";  middle  femora',  10"'"';  liind  femora,  li*"'"';  fore  ti'jia-,  !t.5""";  middle 
tibia?,  10.5'"'" ;  hind  tibia;,  21'""' ;  fore  tarsi,  7""" ;  hind  tarsi,  8""" ;  apical  spurs 
of  hind  tibia;,  1.75""";  claw  of  hind  tarsi,  0.!)'""';  greatest  breadth  of  hind 
femora,  3"'"';  length  of  ovipositor  (broken),  \H"'";  breadth  at  base,  3""";  at 
a  distance  of  14"""  from  base,  2.35'""'. 

The  Hpecimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view,  with  the  left  (upper)  tegmen 
and  the  ovipositor  drooping,  the  other  parts  in  a  natural  attitude,  the  legs 
drooping. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  11557  (?). 

Subfamily  PSEUDOPHYLLID.^  Burmeister. 

The  Tertiary  species  described  by  Heer  from  Greenland  under  the 
name  of  Liocusta  groenlandica  falls  probably  in  this  famil)';  but  there  is  no 
close  connection  between  it  and  the  American  species  described  below. 
The  distribution  of  the  family  at  the  present  day  is  in  general  similar  to 
that  of  the  last  named.     (July,  1884.) 


U 


".  1 ! 


1: 


CYMATOMERA  Schaum. 

This  tropical  or  subtropical  Old  World  genus  dcf  not  properly  find  a 
representative  in  the  American  rocks,  but  the  species  here  described,  too 
imperfect  for  separate  diagnosis,  appears  to  fall  in  its  near  vicinity  and  is 
consequently  referred  here  provisionally.     No  fossil  species  is  known. 

Cymatomera  maculata. 

Pi.  17,  Fig.  7. 

A  couple  of  spotted  fragments  from  near  the  base  of  the  tegmina  of  a 
locustarian  are  placed  here  provisionally,  because  they  agree  better  with 
the  group  represented  by  that  genus  than  with  any  other,  though  they 
plainly  can  not  belong  to  Cymatomera  in  any  strict  sense.  The  better  of 
the  two  fragments  shows  the  base  of  a  broad  wing,  with  dark  brownish,  lon- 
gitudinal veins,  spreading  widely,  and  the  spaces  between  them  or  their 
branches  broken  by  very  frequent,  long  cross-veins  into  short  but  very  deep 
quadrangular  cells,  while  the  whole  surface,  largely  independent  of  the_ 

■  There  is  some  doubt  about  thene  ineasnrementg,  the  basal  portions  being  obscure. 


mmmmm 


OBTHOPTEBA— LOCUSTARI^. 


281 


cells  and  even  of  th3  veins,  is  heavily  blotched  with  irregular  spots  of  paler 
or  deeper  brown.  The  largest  and  deepest  of  the  spots  is  central,  following 
the  here  approximated  radial  and  ulnar  veins. 

Length  of  the  Iragnient,  8.5""" ;  breadth  of  the  same  (probably  nearly 
the  breadth  of  the  base  of  the  wing),  12.5""". 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  1 724,  2844. 


I 


Subfamily  CONOCEPHAI.ID.^  StSl. 

Although  unknown  in  the  European  Tertiaries,  this  subfamily  of  locus- 
tarians,  pretty  well  developed  in  the  southern  half  of  the  United  States,  and 
far  more  so  than  in  Europe,  is  represented  by  two  forms  from  the  Tertiaries 
of  Florissant,  not  distantly  allied  to  forms  still  existing  in  our  country. 
(July,  1884.) 

ORCHELIMUM  ServiUe. 

This  genus,  not  before  found  fossil,  and  represented  in  North  America 
by  a  considerable  number  of  species,  especially  in  the  warmer  portions  of 
the  United  States,  is  found  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  a  large  species  hav- 
ing been  disinterred.  In  its  broad  sense  the  genus  is  widely  distributed 
over  the  globe,  but  in  a  narrower  one,  in  which  our  fossil  will  fall,  it  is,  I 
believe,  peculiar  to  America.     (July,  1884.) 

Oechelimum  placidum. 

PI.  17,  Figs.  16  (  5 ),  18, 19  (  «  ). 

Though  obscurely  defined,  especially  in  the  very  parts  which  are 
necessary  to  examine  for  close  determination,  the  specimens  at  hand  have 
so  clearly  the  aspect  of  an  Orchelimum  that  we  may  safely  consider  them 
as  belonging  to  that  modern  genus,  which  St&l  unites  with  Xiphidium. 
The  species  is  a  very  large  one,  larger  even  than  O.  concinnum  Scudd., 
which  is  the  largest  known  to  me,  and  has  the  angulated  fastigium  (seen 
on  a  side  view)  and  retreating  face  characteristic  of  the  genus.  The  folded 
tegmina  and  wings  extend  some  distance  beyond  the  abdomen,  and  the  ovi- 
positor, which  is  well  preserved  and  permits  one  to  see  that  the  upper  and 
lower  blades  are  of  equal  length,  is  peculiar  for  its  length  and  bluntness  of 
tip.  It  is  also  much  slenderer  than  in  O.  concinnum  and  less  curved,  in 
which  respects  it  approaches  Xiphidium. 


232 


TEltTIAUV  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


r.ongtli  of  l)o(ly,  ?  .'U'""',  ?  2H""";  of  tojfniiiiii,  ?  29""";  of  liind  femur, 

<?  21V :  of  ovii)OHitor,  16""";  l)ii!adth  of  latter  in  inid<lk«,  1.1' 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  l.'J551  (,?),  7748  and  13550  (?). 

LO(!USTA  Limit'. 

This  genus,  wliich  occurs  in  the  Old  and  New  Worlds  alike,  but  in  the 
New  World  only  in  the  western  portion  of  our  country,  has  never  before 
been  found  fossil,  several  species  referred  to  Locusta  belonging  elsewhere. 
Lo(!U8ta  groinlandica,  as  stated,  is  probably  one  of  the  Pseudophyllida',  and 
the  Locusta  mentioned  by  Serres  as  found  at  Aix  is,  to  judge  from  his  ref- 
erence, one  of  the  Decticida*.  A  single  form  has  ])een  found  at  Florissant 
not  unlike  the  living  species.     (July,  1884.) 

Locusta  silens. 
PI.  17,  Figs.  9,  10. 

A  single  specimen  showing  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  with  a  side  view 
of  the  folded  wings  and  tegmina  and  a  portion  of  the  hind  femur,  indicates 
a  species  of  true  Locusta  about  as  large  as  L.  occidentalis  Thom.  from  Cali- 
fornia. The  arrangement  of  the  veins  in  the  tegmina,  though  confused  by 
the  overlapping  of  the  wings,  is  nevertheless  distinctly  that  of  Locusta  proper; 
this  does  not  aj)pear  in  the  plate,  where  the  mediastinal  and  internomedian 
nervules  are  not  shown,  and  the  scapular  vein  made  to  do  duty  as  the  costal 
margin.  The  wings  were  apparently  obscurely  griseous  and  perhaps  longi- 
tudinally streaked  as  in  the  recent  species  mentioned.  The  hind  femora 
were  slender  just  as  in  Locusta,  but  along  the  middle  of  the  outer  face  in 
the  thickest  portion  is  a  distinct  though  very  delicate  carina  showing  in 
some  parts,  as  in  Fig.  9,  a  very  delicate  spinulation.  The  modern  species 
mentioned  has  no  mid-lateral  carina. 

Length  of  tegmina,  42"'"';  width  of  same,  7'"'";  probable  length  of  hind 
femora,  32""";  width  of  same,  3.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7544. 

Subfamily    GRYI.LACRIDIDJE    St&l. 

This  family  has  been  supposed  to  have  a  great  antiquity,  but  this  may 

be  doubted,  since  I  have  shown  elsewhere  that  several  of  the  species  from 

Carboniferous  deposits  referred  here  belong  rather  to  the  neuropteroid  series. 

We  find,  however,  several  Tertiary  species  referred  here,  two  from  Radoboj, 


oirrnopTK  u  a— loc  utsta  u  i  .  i;. 


233 


Gryllacris  churperitieri  lloor  and  (J.  uiigori  Heor,  as  well  as  a  rofereiurcj  to 
the  gonuH  by  Capelllni  of  a  specioH  found  in  the  Italian  TortiarieH.  A  single 
American  species  has  been  found.     (July,  1884.) 


GRYLLACRIS  Servillo. 

All  the  Tertiary  niembora  of  the  family  have  boon  referred  loosely  to 
this  genus,  and  it  is  with  the  sanjo  looseness,  necessary  from  its  imperfect 
state,  that  the  single  Florissant  species  is  also  referred  to  it.  The  presence 
of  this  form  at  Florissant  is  indicative  of  a  much  warmer  climate  than 
found  at  present  in  that  latitude.     (July,  1884.) 


I 


Gbyllacris  cinebis. 

PI.  17,  Fig.  17. 

Though  no  Gryllacris  proper  and  differing  considerably  oven  from  the 
fossil  species  whicii  have  been  referred  here,  the  only  specimen  is  too 
obscure  to  speak  very  positively  of  its  affinities.  The  insect  is  of  very 
stout  form,  the  head  large,  appressed,  flattened  behind,  convex  in  front,  the 
eye  tolerably  large,  twice  as  long  as  deep;  the  thorax  stout,  the  abdomen 
very  stout,  full,  tapering  apically,  the  legs  rather  small,  the  tegmina  and 
wings  moderately  ample,  about  as  long  as  the  body.  Tegmina  with  a 
neai'ly  straight  costal  margin,  a  prominent  shoulder  near  the  base,  the  tip 
well  rounded  and  a  little  produced,  the  inner  margin  rather  full ;  the  medi- 
astinal veins  with  their  fan-like  distribution  occupy  the  basal  third  of  the 
costal  border;  the  scapular  vein  terminates  on  the  same  margin  a  little 
before  the  tip,  and  emits  equidistant,  parallel,  ojlique,  superior  branches 
throughout  its  course ;  the  externomedian  runs  parallel  to  the  former;  in 
the  latter  half  cf  the  wing  it  emits  inferior,  longitudinal,  parallel  branches 
which  occupy  the  whole  tip  of  the  wing,  and  from  before  the  middle  a  sin- 
gle branch  with  one  or  two  superior  nervules  parallel  to  the  others ;  the 
nervules  below  this  have  also  a  longitudinal  direction,  but  their  attachments 
are  obscure.  The  neuration  of  the  hind  wing  is  similar,  but  the  mediastinal 
and  scapular  areas  are  excessi'' ily  narrowed,  while  the  lower  areas  are 
expanded  as  in  most  orthopterous  hind  wings.  The  plate  is  in  eiTor  in 
making  the  terminal  portion  of  the  externomedian  vein  branch  from  the 
scapular  vein. 


i 


BBS 


.  : 


1  ! 


ii! 

It 

■j- 


1^ 


234  TKirriARY  insects  op  NORTTT  AMERICA. 

Length  <»f  hotly,  25""";  of  head,  3""";  depth  of  samo,  fJ™"' ;  length  of 
tegmiim,  27"""  ;  himdtli  of  mune,  S.S""' ;  of  wing,  11.5""". 
FlonHHuut.     One  Hpocinien,  Noh.  4499  and  4642. 

liOCtlHTARI.K    Hp. 

Among  tlio  Ortliopforn  noticed  in  tlio  Green  River  Hhales  is  a  tibia 
and  fragment  of  tlie  attached  fonuir  of  what  i.s  apparently  the  middle  leg  of 
a  LocnHtarian  al)oiit  the  size  of  a  IMiylloptera. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     No.  152.M3. 

Family  GRYLLIDES  Latreille. 

Fossil  species  of  this  fiimily  are  not  numerous;  only  a  single  species 
has  been  fully  described  from  amber,  and  a  second  figured  from  Oeningen. 
At  Aix,  Jiowever,  tiiey  appear  to  be  tolerably  abundant,  for  Serres  men- 
tions no  less  than  seven  species,  of  which  two  are  Gryllotalpai  (Heer  also 
mentions  a  Gryllotalpa  from  Oeningen),  one  a  Xya,  while  he  compares  the 
four  othe;  s  to  species  of  CE(^anthus,  Gryllus,  and  Nemobius.  Heer's  Oen- 
ingen ''pecies  is  probjibly  a  Nemobius  and  the  amber  species  one  of  tlie 
Trigonidii.'  We  bive  also  seen  a  couple  of  species  of  Nemobius  from  Aix 
in  the  hands  of  M.  Oustalet  at  Paris.  Our  own  species,  three  in  number, 
all  appear  to  belong  in  close  proximity  to  one  another  and  to  the  Gryllidiu 
pro))er,  but  require  for  their  proper  elucidation  to  be  classed  in  a  distinct 
genus.  They  all  come,  curiously,  from  the  Green  River  beds.  (June, 
18S4.) 

PRONEMOBIUS  gen.  nov.  (rrpd,  Nemobius,  nom.  gen.). 

Having  the  facies  of  Nemo1)ius,  but  with  the  hind  femora  entirelj'  devoid 
of  spines,  or  even  serrulations.  Tiie  species  seem  to  differ  considerably  in 
certain  points,  but  as  they  all  agree  in  this  particular,  which  is  unique,  not 
only  in  this  tribe,  but  among  Gryllides  generally,  they  are  placed  together. 

The  species  may  be  separated  as  follows : 

Table  <>/  ihc  lyiecies  of  Pronemohiui. 

Hiud  femora  large,  exceeding  10"""  in  length 1.  P.  iii4urattt>. 

Hiud  fer.oraHnmll  or  medium  slzvtl,  leHx  tliuii  ti"""  in  length. 

Hind  femora  hairy 2.  P.  tertiariui. 

Hind  femora  smooth 3.  P.  amithii. 

'  The  hiud  tibiu)  must  certainly  be  represented  as  shorter  than  they  should  be,  as  in  other  respects 
the  representation  appears  to  bo  that  of  a  Cyrtoxiphns,  in  which  (as  in  all  Trigonidii)  the  hind  tibiee 
are  very  nearly  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  hind  femora. 


M 


' 


ORTIIorTEUA-OKYM.IDES. 


1.    PRONEMOBIUS    INDURATIIS. 


235 


PI.  6,  Fiif.  18. 

Tiiis  species,  much  the  largest  of  the  three  here  described,  is  repre- 
sented by  two  hind  legs  iind  a  portion  of  one  of  the  tegniina,  found  in  prox- 
imity to  one  of  the  legs.  The  wing,  shown  in  the  lignro,  has  a  ])orti(tn  of  the 
costal  field  displayed  on  the  left  with  three  or  four  parallel  veins  curving 
toward  the  margin,  one  of  them  forked — an  unusual  (lircunistancc ;  and 
on  the  right  the  larger  portion  of  the  basal  half  of  tlui  dorsal  field,  where 
the  simplicity  and  flowing  course  of  the  veins,  in  which  no  tynipanum 
is  constructed,  indicates  a  female.  The  neuration,  however,  is  very  differ- 
ent from  the  prevailing  simple  type  of  the  Gryllida;  proper  and  much  more 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  (Iryllotalpidfe  or  of  some  Kneopteridnj,  the 
oblique  veins  of  the  middle  of  the  wing,  whose  course  is  toward  the  lateral 
margin  of  the  field,  being  offshoots  of  a  couple  of  basal  veins  whose  obliquity 
is  toward  the  inner  margii  The  hind  femoia  are  rather  slenderer  than 
usual  among  Gryllidae,  but  not  so  slender  as  in  the  Eneoptcrida;  and  allied 
subfamilies,  rather  sparsely  hairy  above  and  with  the  juter  face  dusky,  and 
marked  by  pale,  oblique  lines.  The  hind  tibia  is  present  in  only  one  speci- 
men and  a  little  incomplete,  so  that  one  can  not  say  whether  it  is  longer  or 
shorter  than  the  femur ;  it  is  uniforndy  and  rather  sparsely  haired  throughout. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  7""" ;  of  hind  femur,  11-12""" ;  breadth  of 
same,  3.25""" ;  of  fragment  of  hind  tibia,  8.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.9™"*. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  136,  139,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

2.  Pronemobius  tertiarius. 

PI.  0,  Figs.  13,  21,  23. 
Nemoiim  terliariua  Scudd.,  Bull.  U,  S.  Geol.  Goo«r.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  774  (1878). 

This  species  was  first  described  from  legs  only,  by  which  it  was  judged 
that  the  insect  must  have  been  rather  smaller  than  our  common  Nemobius 
vittatus  (Harr.),  its  hind  femur  being  7°""  long,  broad,  and  stoiit,  especially 
near  the  base,  where  it  measures  2.1™™;  its  upper  half  is  covered  with  ex- 
ceedingly delicate,  recumbent  hairs  directed  backward ;  there  are  also  a 
few  hairs  upon  the  slender  hind  tibia,  which  is  broken  just  where  it  begins 
to  enlarge,  showing  signs  of  the  upper  spines ;  this  portion  is  about  three- 


1 


M 


'1  > 


ii    >! 


1 


236 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


foiirtlis  the  leugtli  of  the  femur.  The  front  femur  and  tihia,  which  are  each 
only  2.25"""  long,  also  indicate  a  8mali  species,  and  one  that  is  unusually  free 
from  spines,  no  hairs  even  being  discernible  on  this  front  leg. 

Sinoe  then  other  and  more  perfect  specimens  have  come  to  hand,  in- 
cluding some  a  little  larger,  showing  its  size  to  be  about  that  of  the  recent 
species  referred  to.  The  body  has  the  same  general  form.  The  head  seems 
to  be  a  little  longer  in  proportion  to  its  breadth,  the  eyes  perhaps  a  little 
smaller,  the  basal  joint  of  antennae  the  same.  The  pronotum  is  of  the  same 
foriTi,  but  both  head  and  pronotum  are  only  sparsely  clothed  with  very  short 
hairs.  All  the  winged  specimens  are  females,  and  the  tegmina  are  about 
three-quarters  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  much  more  delicately  constructed 
than  in  Nemobius,  the  vein.s  being  more  frequent  and  much  slenderer ;  on 
the  costal  field  they  run  perfectly  parallel  at  a  slight  angle  from  the  lateral 
angle  between  the  fields  ;  on  the  dorsal  field  they  are  less  numerous,  heavier, 
straight,  and  parallel,  but  more  frequent  and  weaker  than  in  Nemobius  vit- 
tatus.  The  wings  are  fully  half  as  long  again  as  the  abdomen.  The  ovi- 
positor is  short,  not  reaching  to  the  wing  tips,  slender,  and  straight.  The 
hind  femora  are  shaped  as  in  Nemobius,  hairy,  the  hind  tibijc  shorter  thh,n 
tho  femora,  enlarging  a  little  toward  the  tip,  and  hairy,  but  without  a  trace 
of  spines ;  tho  hind  tarsi  are  about  half  as  long  as  the  tibifc,  the  first  joint 
longer  than  the  others  combined,  all  of  them  cylindrical. 

Length  of  body,  9.5'""' ;  tegmina,  (i'"'" ;  wings,  9.5"'"' ;  ovipositor,  3.5"'"' ; 
h:.id  femur,  5'"'";  hind  tibia,  4.5'"'";  hind  tarsi,  2.5'"'". 

Green  Rivyr,  Wyoming.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  18,  20  (collected  by 
F.  C.  A.  Riciiardson) ;  418>i  (collected  by  S.  II.  Scudder) ;  and  Nos.  ia5, 
141,  142  and  144,  143  (collected  by  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

3.    PrONEMOBiUS   8M1THU. 
r'    6,  Fig.  22. 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  are  preserved,  one  sliowing  a  side  view 
of  the  whole  body,  the  other  a  nearly  ventral  view  of  the  hinder  half;  both 
appear  to  be  females,  but  the  hinder  portion  of  the  abdomen  is  lost  with  the 
ovipositor,  the  length  of  which  can  not  be  determined,  unless  some  obscure 
marks  behind  one  of  the  specimens  are  to  be  considered  as  indicating  that 
it  was  short  as  in  P.  tertiarius.  The  head  as  seen  on  a  side  view  is  as  long 
as  the  pronotu^n,  like  which  it  is  very  delicately,  almost  imperceptibly, 


mm 


1 


OKTUOPTEUA-GRYLLIDBS. 


237 


I 


scabrous  and  hairless ;  the  eyes  are  sm.ill,  scarcely  more  than  one-fourtii 
the  diameter  of  the  head ;  the  te^mina  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  pro- 
notum  ;  the  wings  very  long,  reaching  twice  as  far  as  the  tips  of  the  hind 
femora ;  the  hind  legs  unusually  slender  and  smooth,  neither  femora  nor 
tibiae  being  even  hairy ;  the  tibia;  are  not  enlarged  at  their  extremity,  and 
the  hind  tarsi  are  about  half  as  stout  as  the  tibiae,  with  a  long  basal  joint. 

Length  of  body  as  preserved,  7""";  probable  entire  length,  8.5"""; 
length  of  pronotum,  l.G"" ;  of  hind  wings,  8.5°"" ;  of  hind  femora,  3.5"'"' ; 
breadth  of  same,  1.1™"  ;  length  of  hind  tibiae,  2.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.2"°. 

Named  after  Prof.  S.  I.  Smith,  of  Yale  College,  who  has  contributed 
to  our  knowledge  of  the  Orthoptera  of  New  England.  The  species  is  smaller 
than  the  preceding,  has  proportionally  much  longer  wings  and  a  smoother 
integument. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  134,  145,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 


-■,' 


if 


1   : 

i  <   ! 


I'! 


n'!. 


f 


t '  '  i.) 


II! 


With  this  group  we  reacli  the  most  important  section  of  the  present 
work,  since  it  of  all  the  lower  orders  of  insects  was  fa '  the  most  abundant 
at  Florissant.  As,  however,  the  group  is  divisible  into  two  great  suborders 
under  which,  separately,  such  general  statements  as  seem  appropriate  regard- 
ing the  relative  repi-esentation  of  the  families  will  be  given,  we  reserve  here 
only  a  brief  remark  or  two  upon  the  relation  of  the  two  suborders. 

I  presume  it  can  not  be  far  wrong  to  state  that  the  homopterous  fauna 
of  any  given  region  of  considerable  extent  in  the  north  temperate  zone  is  to 
the  heteroj)te  "lus  fauna  as  about  one  to  three,  or,  in  other  words,  that  about 
25  per  cent  of  the  hemipterous  fauna  is  homopterous.  These  figures  are 
the  result  of  the  comparisons  of  several  faunal  lists.  In  M'.  Uhler's  List  of 
the  Hemiptera  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  (the  geographical 
area  of  our  present  work),  the  Homoptera  hold  a  still  more  insignificant 
place,  forming  scarcely  more  than  13  per  cent  of  the  whole.  In  tropical 
countries  a  very  different  proportion  obtains,  the  Homoptera  holding,  or 
nearly  holding,  their  own  beside  the  Heteroptera,  and  subtropical  countries 
or  those  which  feel  the  direct  influence  of  their  proximity  show  an  inter- 
mediate position ;  thus  in  Berg's  Enumeration  of  the  Argentine  Hemiptera 
the  proportion  of  the  Homoptera  to  the  whole  is  almost  exactly  30  per  cent 
Now,  it  is  precisely  this  proportion,  40:93,  or  30  per  cent,  which  Heer  found, 
the  fossil  Homoptera  to  hold  in  his  first  essay  on  the  fossil  Hemiptera  of 
Oeningen  and  Radoboj.  A  careful  enumeration  of  the  fossil  Hemiptera  of 
Europe  to-day  gives  the  Homoptera  34  per  cent  of  the  whole  fauna ;  but,  if 
those  from  the  amber  (which  greatly  heighten  the  proportion  of  Homoptera) 
be  excluded  and  we  reckon  those  of  the  rocks  only,  the  Homoptera  have  27 
l)er  cent.  On  the  other  hand,  if  we  takeoidy  the  fauna  of  the  Oligocene  of 
Pjurope,  including  the  amber,  the  proportion  of  the  Homoptera  amounts  to 
41  per  cent.  This  clearly  indicates  an  approach  to  tropical  relations.  Our 
own  Tertiary  fauna  is  almost  exclusively  Oligocene,  and  has  been  found  in  a 

238 


J 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTBBA. 


239 


multitude  of  minor  points  to  sliow  distinct  tropical  relations,  and  it  therefore 
becomes  of  peculiar  interest  to  learn  the  numerical  relation  herein  of  the 
Homoptera  to  tlie  Heteroptera.  Now  here,  much  as  in  the  Oligocene  of 
Europe,  we  find  the  Homoptera  claiming  40  per  cent  of  the  whole  hemip- 
terous  fauna.     The  significance  of  these  figures  can  hardly  be  doubted. 

The  number  of  Tertiary  Hemiptera  of  the  whole  world  is  now  to  be 
reckoned  nt  56!),  of  which  355  are  Heteroptera  and  214  Homoptera.  The 
abundance  of  Hemiptera  in  our  Western  Tertiaries  may  perhaps  fairly  be 
pictured  when  we  remember  ^hat  Heer  in  his  first  elaboration  of  those  found 
in  the  rocks  of  Europe  enumerated  133,  and  that  in  the  present  work,  the 
first  elaboration  of  those  of  America,  the  number  is  almost  exactly  double, 
2ii5. 

In  studying  tliis  group  I  have  been  greatly  aided  by  many  kind  favors 
from  my  friends,  Mr.  P.  K.  Uhler,  of  Baltimore,  and  Mr.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee, 
of  Buffalo. 

Order  HOJVTOPTER^   Latreille. 

The  variety  of  forms  referable  to  the  families  of  Homoptera  that  have 
been  found  in  the  American  rocks  is  not  a  little  surprising,  and  it  includes 
some  remarkable  forms.  All  the  families  are  represented  excepting  the 
Stridulantia,  and  this  exception  is  the  more  noticeable  because  the  presence 
of  this  family  has  been  signalized  in  seveial  instances  in  the  European  Ter- 
tiary rocks,  and  species  beloved  to  belong  here  have  even  been  found  in 
the  Mesozoic  deposits.  Yet  two  families,  Coccidaj  and  Psyllidaj,  occur  with 
us,  and  have  not  yet  been  found  v--  European  rocks,  though  Coccidai  are 
known  from  the  Baltic  amber.  In  all  we  find  represented  six  families,  thir- 
teen subfamilies,  fifty -five  genera,  and  one  hundred  a  >l  twelve  species  in 
the  four  hundred  specimens  that  have  been  examined. 

The  families  Coccidfe  and  Psyllidse,  however,  are  very  feebly  repre- 
sented by  a  few  examples  only,  the  great  bulk  of  the  fossils  both  in  Eu- 
rope and  America  belonging  to  the  four  families.  Aphides,  Fulgorina, 
Jassides,  and  Cercopidae;  in  each  of  these,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
the  Jassides,  the  variety  and  abundance  of  forms  is  greater  in  America  than 
in  Europe,  even  including  the  types  from  amber,  while  a  comparison  of  the 
rpck  deposits  alone  would  show  a  vast  preponderance  on  the  American  side. 
In  individuals  the  Cercopidae  easily  hold  the  first  rank,  and  this  appears  to 
be  true  in  Europe  as  in  America ;  next  follow  the  Aphides,  for  which  in 
variety  of  type  and  in  interest  America  far  excels.    The  Jassides  appear  to 


1 


t 


240 


TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMEBICA. 


present  relatively  the  ^east  interest,  but  the  absence  from  American  deposits 
of  one  whole  divisl  .  of  that  family,  the  Membracida,  is  rather  surprising 
in  view  of  their  presence  (though  rarely)  in  European  deposits  and  their 
relative  abundance  in  America  to-day. 

The  following  tabular  enumeration  of  the  species  and  genera  occurring 
in  the  European  and  American  Tertiaries  may  serve  to  present  in  a  clearer 
light  the  agreements  and  disparities  between  them.  The  American  list  is 
drawn  from  the  descriptions  in  the  present  work,  while  the  European  is  from 
miscellaneous  sources,  and  includes  all  those  genera  and  species  which  have 
been  merely  indicated  as  •  curring  in  certain  deposits,  and  so  it  might  fairly 
be  considerably  reduced  It  should  not  be  overlooked,  moreover,  that  it 
includes  all  the  amber  forms  : 

Summary  list  of  kiiomn  fossil  Uomnptera. 


America. 


Families. 


Cncuidin  .... 

Apliidt'M 

Psyllidiu  ... 
Fulgorina  .. 

JassideH 

Cercopidii'.- 
Stridulautia 

Total  . 


Genera.  Species. 


1 

15 
2 
16 

u 

lO 
0 


1 
32 

2 
29 
21 
27 

0 


55 


112 


Europe. 

Genera. 
6 

Spc 

cies. 

9 

4 

20 

0 

0 

7 

18 

9 

24 

4 

24 

1 

7 

31 

'.02 

If  we  exclude  the  amber  forms  and  compare  the  fauna  of  the  rocks 
only,  we  "hall  reach  a  very  different  result,  as  the  following  table  shows : 

Table  of  fossil  Homoptera  from  rock  deponitn. 


Families. 


Coccidin 

AphidcH 

Psyilidii-  .... 
Fnlgoritia  ... 

.Tll8!lid0H 

Cercopidii^. .. 
Stridiilantia. 

Total  .. 


America. 

Europe. 

Genera.  Species. 

Genera. 

Species. 
0 

1 

1 

0 

15 

32 

3 

8 

2              2 

0 

0 

16            29 

3 

3 

11            31 

8 

18 

10  j         37 

4 

21 

0  1          0 

1 

ti 

55 

iia 

19  '         56 

i; 


1 


HBMIPTERA— HOMOPTBRA— COOOID^. 


241 


t 


This  table  shows  clearly  how  poorly  the  Aphides  and  Fuigorina  are 
preserved  in  the  European  as  compared  with  the  American  rocks. 

It  has  been  necessary  to  establish  a  large  number  of  new  generic  groups 
to  contain  the  American  forms,  which  perhaps  would  not  have  been  the  case 
to  the  same  extent  had  a  really  good  selection  of  existing  tropical  American 
types  been  accessible ;  for  the  affinities  of  nearly  the  whole  homopterous 
fauna  of  our  Tertiaries  are  plainly  subtropical.  It  is  curious  to  see  how 
highly  developed  some  apparently  extinct  types  were  in  that  day  ;  the  family 
groups  were  quite  as  trenchant  as  now,  and  while  we  find  in  some,  as  in 
Aphides,  marked  departures  from  modern  structure,  it  in  no  way  appears  to 
affect  the  family  characters  or  to  mark  any  approach  toward  the  neighboring 
groups.  Some  genera  now  apparently  extinct  seem  to  have  attained  a  high 
degree  of  differentiation,  as  witness  Aphidopsis  among  the  Aphides,  Dia- 
plegma  among  the  Fuigorina,  Palecphora,  Lithecphora,  and  Palaphrodes 
among  the  Cercopida; ;  of  all  of  these  there  w  ere  several  species,  and  more 
than  occur  in  any  other  generic  group  excepting  Agallia  among  the  Jassides, 
which  is  equal  to  the  least  prolific  of  them.  As  a  general  rule  it  is  also  in 
just  these  genera  that  the  individuals  are  the  most  abundant,  notably  among 
the  Cer^'opidae,  which  as  a  family  is  almost  twice  as  numerous  as  all  the 
others  together,  though  the  least  among  these  larger  families  well  provided 
with  generic  distinctions ;  for  tht  three  genera,  Palecphora,  Lithecphora,  and 
Palaphrodes,  with  their  fifteen  species,  not  only  outnumber  in  specific  types 
the  other  seven  genera  of  Cercopidae  (twelve  species),  but  they  contain  more 
than  nine-tenths  of  the  individuals  of  this  family  which  have  passed  under 
my  eyes. 

Family  COCCI D>E. 

The  only  fossils  of  this  group  hitherto  known  are  some  that  occur  in 
amber.  Three  species  referred  to  Monophlebus  were  described  and  figured 
by  Germar,  and  Menge  has  since  added  short  descriptions  of  half  a  dozen 
species  referred  to  Aleurodes,  Coccus  (2),  Dorthesia,  and  the  extinct  genera 
Ochyrocoris  and  Polyclcna.  To  these  we  are  able  to  add  a  single  species 
from  Florissant. 

MONOPHLEBUS  Leach. 

This  is  an  Old  World  genus  which  has  never  been  detected  living  in 
America.  The  species  are  largely  from  tropical  regions,  but  a  single  one 
is  recognized  from  Europe.    On  this  account  there  is  special  interest  in  the 

VOL  XIII 16 


242 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i  i 


3'. 


i  1 


sHh 


1 1 ,1 1 

"Ml 


l"!l. 


II  ^Ii 


occurrence  of  three  species  of  this  group  in  Prussian  amber,  described  by 
Germar  in  Koch  and  Berendt's  great  work,  and  it  is  still  more  interesting 
to  find  a  species  apparently  belonging  to  this  genus  from  the  shales  of  Flor- 
issant, Colorado. 

MONOPHLGBUS   SIMPLEX. 

The  single  specimen  referred  to  this  genus  agrees  better  with  the  fossil 
than  with  recent  types.  It  is  a  fairly  well  preserved  body,  with  the  dorsal 
surface  uppermost,  but  slightly  turned  to  one  side;  the  wings  partially 
expanded,  and  all  the  legs  of  one  side  showing  excepting  the  tarsi ;  unfortu- 
nately no  antennae  are  preserved.  The  head  is  small  and  subcircular ;  the 
thorax  large,  subquadrate,  tapering  abruptly  in  front  to  the  width  of  the 
head,  which  is  hardly  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  thorax.  Wings  of 
the  shape  of  those  of  M.  pinnatus  from  amber,  about  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  well  rounded,  showing  with  distinctness  only  the  subcostal  vein 
which  runs  from  near  the  base  toward  the  costa,  on  approaching  which  it 
follows  the  thickened  margin  almost  exactly  parallel  to  it  to  the  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing,  much  as  is  seen  to  be  the  case  in  M.  pinnatus,  though  here 
separated  more  widely  from  the  shoulder  of  the  wing  at  its  base ;  besides 
these  there  are  only  visible  the  base  of  the  median  vein  from  which  the  sub- 
costal takes  its  rise,  running  but  an  extremely  short  distance  into  the  heart 
of  the  wing,  and  a  rflere  spur  of  the  lower  vein  which  arises  barely  before 
the  subcostal  and  ro.ns  into  the  heart  of  the  wing  a  less  distance  than  does 
the  oblique  basal  part  of  the  subcostal.  The  legs  are  subequal  in  length  ; 
the  tibiaj  a  little  longer  than  the  femora  and  scarcely  slenderer ;  all  are 
slight  The  abdomen  is  long  oval,  well  rounded  behind,  and  composed 
distinctly  of  nine  joints,  of  which  the  penultimate  is  very  slight  but  the  pre- 
ceding ones  subequal,  with  no  signs  of  any  lateral  or  terminal  appendages. 

Length  of  body,  3.25""" ;  breadth  of  same,  l"";  length  of  wing,  2.5""' ; 
breadth,  ©.S"" ;  length  of  hind  femora,  O.?""" ;  hind  tibiae,  O.TS"". 

Florissant    One  specimen,  No.  7561. 

Family  APHIDES  Leaeh. 

One  would  hardly  suppose  that  objects  of  such  extreme  delicacy  and 
minute  size  as  plant  lice  would  be  found  in  a  fossil  state.  Yet  they  are  by 
no  means  infrequent,  and  have  even  been  found  in  the  Secondary  deposits 
of  England ;  for  in  Brodie's  work  two  objects  which  appear  to  be  wingless 


I 


HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


243 


forms  are  figured,  and  besides  these  another  winged  plant  louse  of  a  diminu- 
tive size,  showing  the  characteristic  venation  of  the  group.  In  the  Ter- 
tiary rocks  a  considerable  number  of  species  have  been  found;  most  of  these 
have  been  referred  to  Aphis  (twelve  species)  and  Lachnus  (eight),  and  so 
belong,  like  the  bulk  of  living  species,  to  the  subfamily  Aphidinse ;  but 
the  Pemphiginae  are  represented  by  a  Pemphigus  from  Oeniugen  and  the 
SchizoneurinsB  by  a  Schizoneura  from  amber.  Besides  occurring  in  these 
localities  they  have  also  been  found  at  Radoboj,  Aix,  and  Ain,  in  Europe, 
and  we  can  now  add  several  localities  in  our  own  country.  That  they  are 
not  scarce  in  amber  is  shown  by  Menge's  collection,  which  in  1856  included 
fifty-six  specimens.  But  these  are  few  compared  with  the  number  from 
Florissant,  where  more  than  one  hundred  specimens  have  been  found,  about 
seventy  of  them  determinable,  though  in  the  other  American  localities — 
Green  River  and  Quesnel,  British  Columbia — only  two  or  three  specimens 
have  occurred.  Indeed,  by  the  present  publication  the  number  of  known 
fossil  species  is  doubled. 

There  are  some  remarkable  features  about  the  Florissant  forms.  The 
mass  of  them  belong,  as  is  the  case  with  those  from  the  European  Tertiary 
rocks,  to  the  Aphidinse  proper.  But  both  here  and  in  the  Schizoneurinae,  to 
which  the  remainder  appertain,  we  are  met  by  two  remarkable  facts,  one 
that  the  variation  in  the  neuration  of  the  wings  is  very,  much  greater  than 
occurs  among  the  genera  of  living  Aphidinae  and  Schizoneurinae,  and  greater 
also  than  occurs  in  the  known  Tertiary  forms  of  Europe,  requiring  the 
establishment  of  a  large  number  of  genera  to  represent  this  variation  ;  and, 
second,  that  at  the  same  time  there  is  one  feature  of  their  neuration  in 
which,  without  an  exception,  they  uniformly  agree,  and  differ  hot  only 
from  the  modern  types  but  from  the  European  Tertiary  insects.  This  fea- 
ture is  the  great  length  and  slenderness  of  the  stigmatic  cell,  due  to  the 
removal  of  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  to  the  middle  (or  to  before  the 
middle,  sometimes  even  to  the  base)  of  the  long  and  slender  stigma,  and  its 
slight  curvature ;  it  is  a'  fact  of  particular  interest  in  this  connection  that 
m  the  only  whig  we  know  from  the  Secondary  rocks  precisely  this  feature 
occurs,  as  illustrated  in  Brodie's  work  (see  PI.  4,  Fig.  3).  So,  too,  the  cubital 
space  is  largely  coriaceous,  so  that  the  postcostal  vein  may  be  considered 
as  exceedingly  broad  and  merging  eventually,  without  the  intervening  lack 
of  opacity,  into  the  stigma  proper.  As  a  general  rule  the  wings  are  also 
very  long  and  narrow  and  the  legs  exceedingly  long.     In  all  these  charac- 


244 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i  r; 
Mi, 


teristics  the  American  plant  lice  appear  as  a  rule  to  differ  from  forms  so  far 
described  from  the  European  Tertiaries.  Tiie  single  winged  species  figured 
by  Berendt  from  amber,  however,  8lu)ws  precisely  this  character  as  far  as 
the  length  of  the  stigmatic  cell  is  concerned,  which  is  about  two-fifths  the 
length  of  the  wing.  These  figures  are  incorrectly  copied  by  Buckton,  with 
the  remark  that  the  neuration  is  abnormal,  which  it  certainly  is  in  his  figure. 
It  will  be  interesting  to  know  whether  the  other  species  of  the  Baltic  amber 
will  show  a  similar  departure  from  the  condition  of  the  stigmatic  cell  in 
modern  types.  Not  a  single  one  of  the  Florissant  forms  can  be  referred  to 
an  existing  genus. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Jphiden. 
Cnliital  vein  twice  forked Aphidinn« 

Ciiliital  veiu  ariHinjr  ut  Ir^^  than  half  the  distaiicu  from  the  flrHt  oblique  to  the  Btigmatic  vein. 

Stigmatic  vein  urisiii^  midway  between  the  firat  and  second  forks  of  the  cubital  vein  or  dis- 
tinctly nearer  the  second  fork. 
Origin  of  the  Htigniatic  vein  midway  between  the  first  and  second  forkgof  the  cubital  vein. 

Apex  of  cell  about  three  times  as  Itroad  as  its  base ...1.  Cataneura. 

Apex  of  cell  about  six  times  as  broad  as  irs  base 2.  Archilaohnun. 

Origin  of  the  stigmatic  vein  scarcely  or  'lot  before  that  of  the  second  fork  of  the  cubital 
vein. 
Base  of  second  oblique  vein  several  times  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital 

vein 3.  Geranchum. 

Base  of  the  second  oblique  vein  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  the  cubital 

veiu 4.  Sbenaphit. 

The  stigmatic  vein  arising  opposite  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital  veiu  or  distinctly  nearer  it 
than  the  secoud. 
First  cubital  branch  nearly  or  quite  four  times  us  long  as  the  basal  stem  of  the  cubital 

'vein...« 5.  Aphantaphii. 

First  cubitnl  branch  at  most  three  times  as  long  as  the  basal  stem  of  the  cubital  veiu. 
First  oblique  vein  parting  from  the  main  vein  at  an  angle  of  less  than  55°. 

6.  Sipbonophoroidet. 
First  oblique  vein  parting  from  the  main  vein  at  an  augle  of  more  than  70°. 

7.  lAthapkie. 
Cubital  vein  arising  at  half  or  more  thau  half  the  distance  from  the  first  oblique  vein  to  the  stig- 
matic vein. 

Main  veins  arising  at  nearly  equal  distances  apart S.  Tepkraphie. 

Main  veins  arising  at  distinctly  unequal  distances  apart. 

Second  oblique  vein  at  base  rarely  so  much  as  twice  as  near  the  first  obli(iue  as  the  cubital 

vein 9.  Aphidopein. 

Second  oblique  vein  at  base  four  times  as  near  the  first  oblique  as  the  cubital  vein. 

The  first  oblique  vein  straight,  not  two-thirds  us  lung  as  the  second  oblique  vein,  and 

considerably  divergent  from  it 10.  OryotaphU. 

First  nbliquo  veiu  curved  outward,  nearly  as  long  as  the  second  oblique  vein,  and 

hardly  divergent  from  it 11.  Sychnobrochiis. 

Cubital  veiu  once  forked Schizoneiirina!. 

Cubital  vein  arising  at  more  than  half  the  distance  from  the  first  oblique  vein  to  the  stigmatic 

vein  .   12.  Schizoneiiroidti. 

Cubital  vein  arising  at  less  than  half  the  distance  from  the  first  oblique  vein  to  the  stigmatic  vein. 

Cubital  vein  forking  beyond  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein.. 13.  Amalanchum. 

Cubital  vein  forking  before  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein. 

Base  of  second  discoidal  cell  less  than  three  times  the  width  of  that  of  the  first. 

14.  ^nconotiM. 
Base  of  secoud  discoidal  cell  more  than  five  times  the  width  of  that  of  the  first. 

15.  Pteroetignut, 


f 


HEMil'TEHA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES. 


245 


1.  CATANEURA  gen.  nov.  (narti,  revpd). 

Head  very  small,  apparently  destitute  of  frontal  tubercles.  Antennae 
unknown.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of 
the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  far  from  its  origin, 
which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space  between  the  base 
of  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time  about  as  far  beyond 
the  origin  of  the  stigmatic  as  that  is  beyond  the  first .  fork  of  the  cubital 
vein.  The  second  oblique  vein  arises  a  little  nearer  the  first  oblique  than 
the  cubital  vein,  the  first  at  a  slightly  less  angle,  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  about  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base. 
Legs  moderately  slender,  the  hind  femora  about  half  as  lor^  as  the  fore 
wings.     Abdomen  broad  ovate,  apparently  with  a  shoit  and  stout  cauda. 

Table  of  the  gpeeies  of  Catanciira. 

First  discoidal  cell  more  transverse  than  longitudinal;  cubital  vein  very  distant  from  the  stigmatic, 
approaching  the  second  oblique  vein 1.  C.  abaena. 

First  discoidal  cell  as  longitudinal  as  transverse;  cubital  vein  approximating  the  stigmatic  rather 
than  the  second  oblique  vein Si.  C.  rilegi. 

1,   CaTANEURA   AB8EN8. 

The  single  specimen  shows  little  beside  the  wings  folded  flatly  over 
the  back,  but  the  head  and  thorax  and  one  of  the  femora  are  also  preserved. 
The  fore  wing  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  first  oblique  vein 
is  straight  and  very  long,  parting  at  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about 
thirty-five  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  slightly  sinuous,  parting  from  the 
postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  forty -five  degrees ;  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  very  long  considering  that  it  is  more  transverse  than  longi- 
tudinal, the  base  moderately  narrow,  the  apex,  as  measured  on  the  hind 
margin,  about  three  times  as  broad  as  the  base.  Cubital  vein  taking  an 
exceptionally  low  course,  so  as  to  be  very  distant  from  the  stigmatic  vein 
throughout,  first  forking  half-way  to  the  hind  border,  then  bent  outward. 
Stigmatic  vein  arcuate  and  divergent  at  base. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6.5°"". 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  607. 

2.  Cataneuba  rileyi. 

The  head  with  part  of  the  antennae,  the  thorax  v»'ith  most  of  the  legs 
and  one  wing,  and,  obscurely,  the  abdomen  are  preserved  in  the  single 
example  known.     The  fore  wing  is  about  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than 


1 


•■  I ' 


ni 


246 


TEUTIAllY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


broad.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at 
scarcely  more  than  forty  five  degrees,  and  the  second  oblique,  which  is  also 
straight,  at  as  little  less,  the  first  discoidal  cell  being,  nevertheless,  only 
moderately  long  and  narrow,  and  more  than  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  base.  Cubital  vein  broadly  arcuate,  occupying  the  middle 
of  the  space  assigned  to  it,  first  forking  at  scarcely  more  than  a  third  way 
to  the  hind  margin  and  again  at  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip.  Stigmatic 
vein  parting  very  narrowly  from  the  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  very 
slender  and  nearly  or  quite  a  third  the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6""". 

Named  for  Dr.  Charles  Valentine  Riley,  whose  researches  on  the  grape 
root  aphid.  Phylloxera,  to  mention  only  this,  are  widely  known. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  2916. 

2   ARCHTLACHNUS  Buckton. 

ArohilaeUui  Backt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  177  (1883). 

The  head  appears  to  be  without  frontal  tubercles,  and  the  antennae  are 
slender,  almost  as  long  as  the  body  (perhaps  longer),  with  the  basal  joints 
as  in  Aphis.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of 
the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  at  a  moderate  distance 
from  its  origin,  wliich  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space 
between  the  base  of  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time 
as  far  beyond  the  origin  of  the  stigmatic  as  it  is  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the 
cubital  vein.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  a  little  nearer  the  first  oblique 
than  the  cubital  vein,  at  an  angle  of  about  forty -five  degrees  with  the  post- 
costal,  the  first  at  a  distinctly  less  angle,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell 
between  them  is  about  six  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the 
base.  Legs  moderately  stout,  the  hind  pair  about  as  long  as  the  fore 
wings.     Abdomen  broad  ovate  with  a  short  and. moderately  stout  cauda. 

The  genus  was  not  separately  characterized  by  Buckton.  I  do  not  see 
any  special  relation  to  Lachnus. 

Table  of  the  tpKHn  of  JrehVachnus. 

Large  and  stont  Rpecies.  Cubital  vein  bent  nt  its  first  fnrcatinn,  otherwifie  RtralRtit..  .1.  A.  pennatut. 
Small  and  slender  species.    Cubital  vein  gently  arouate  tbruugUout  tlie  tirst  two-thirds  of  its  course. 

8.  A.  mudgri. 


a 


;;>»0^i»w?r*«»:»'TMi3s(»*'s 


HBMIPTERA—HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


247 


il 


% 
I 


1.  Archilachnus  pennatus. 

P\.  18,  Figs.  1,  15-17. 

ArchUachimi  pmnatui  Baokt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  AphidM,  IV,  177,  PI.  133,  Fig.  3  (1883). 

As  preserved,  the  head  and  thorax  are  uniform  and  considerably  darker 
than  the  abdomen.  The  body  is  stout.  Fore  wing  more  than  two  and  a 
half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  the  postcostal  vein  thick,  straight,  and 
uniform,  running  into  the  very  long  and  fusiform  stigma,  and  separated  by 
a  narrow  space  from  the  margin,  which  is  gently  convex,  and  so  a  little  more 
distant  at  base.  First  oblique  vein  arising  at  one-third  the  distance  from 
the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  straight,  parting  from  the  post- 
costal  at  an  angle  of  about  sixty  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  arising  very 
close  to  the  first,  straight,  or  very  slightly  sinuate  or  arcuate,  parting  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees ;  first  discoidal  cell  much 
widened  distally,  being  five  or  six  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than 
at  base.  Ciibital  vein  arising  twice  as  far  from  the  second  as  the  second 
from  the  first  oblique  vein,  with  its  first  branch  completely  parallel  to 
the  second  oblique  vein,  first  forking  at  a  trifle  more  than  one-third  the 
way  out,  and  again  about  half-way  from  the  first  fork  to  the  apex  of  the 
wing,  varying  in  individuals,  at  the  first  fork  bent  slightly  but  beyond 
almost  perfectly  straight.  The  stigmatic  vein  is  arcuate  and  parts  sometimes 
widely,  sometimes  narrowly  from  the  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  of 
variable  alenderness,  though  always  more  than  a  third  as  long  as  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4""";  of  fore  wing,  6.6""";  hind  femora,  2.5""";  hind 
tibiae,  S-To"". 

Florissant.    Five  specimens,  Nos.  177,  4615,  6993,  9221,  12727. 

2.  Archilachnus  mudgei. 

The  single  specimen  is  excellently  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view,  except 
that  the  overlapping  fore  wings  are  somewhat  confused,  lying  upon  the  top 
of  the  back,  and  that  one  wii.g  is  doubled  upon  itself  The  body  is  rather 
slender,  the  head  and  thorax  darker  than  the  scarcely  perceptible  abdomen 
and  apparently  mottled.  Fore  wings  with  the  postcostal  vein  and  stigma 
as  in  A.  pennatus,  the  first  oblique  vein  arising  at  a  litile  more  than  one- 
third  the  distance  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  but  other- 
wise like  the  second  oblique  vein,  as  in  A.  pennatus ;  the  first  discoidal  cell 


i-i 


: 


<i' 


1       y 

'  Ml 


■  r 


Hi       ;(; 


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i  1  i 


lliM 


248 


TEllTIAItY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMKKICA. 


iH  much  more  open,  hut  how  iiuiuh  thu  ronditioii  of  the  Hpcciniun  doen  not 
rthovv.  (Jul)itiil  voin  ariHiiijr  sciarcoly  farther  from  tlie  Hecond  (thHciue  vohi 
tiian  the  hitter  !»  from  the  HrHt,  forking  uuicli  an  in  the  preceding  species, 
hut  paHsing  in  a  gently  arcuate  course  midway  in  the  space  allotted  to  it. 
The  stigniatic  vein  parts  gently  witli  a  considerable  arcuation,  but  not  very 
widely,  from  the  stigma,  the  cell  being  apparently  about  t)ne-third  the  length 
of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  3.5"'™ ;  fore  wing,  4.75""" ;  hind  femora,  2.4"'"' ;  hind 
tibia  and  tarsi,  4.6""'. 

In  memory  of  Benjamin  Franklin  Mudge,  the  Kansas  geologist  and 
paleontologist. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  13328. 

3.  GERANCHON  gen.  nov.  (yepaioi,  dyKoav). 

Wings  only  known.  Fore  wing  with  the  stignuitic  vein  arising  from 
the  middle  of  the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  very  far 
from  its  origin,  which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the  space 
between  the  base  of  the  first  obli(pie  and  the  stigmatic  veins,  the  second 
time  scarcely  behind  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein.  Second  oblique  vein 
arising  many  times  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein  and  close 
to  the  former,  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  about  ten  times  broader 
on  the  hind  margin  than  at  the  base. 

Table  </  Ihe  ipecieti  of  Oeranchon. 

Cubital  vein  rnuniug  consideralily  belovr  tho  middle  o(  its  area,  its  brauches  straight 1.  G,  davitii. 

Ciiltital  vein  riiuuiug  through  the  mi'<dle  of  ito  urea,  itH  braucheH  uruuate U.  O.  petrorum. 

1.    GeRANCHON   DAVI8II. 

Only  the  wing  is  preserved  and  the  base  is  broken,  but  it  may  be  judged 
to  have  been  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  postcostal  vein  is  very 
broad  and  straight,  merging  into  the  slightly  thickened  fusiform  stigma ;  next 
the  base  it  is  rather  fjir  removed  from  the  costal  margin.  The  first  oblique 
vein  parts  at  an  angle  of  about  sixty  degrees  with  the  postcostal  and  is 
straight ;  the  second  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  and  is  straight  nearly 
to  the  tip,  which  is  lost  but  appears  to  bend  outward,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal cell  between  them,  very  narrow  at  base  and  broadening  at  tip,  is  ex- 
cessively different  in  width  at  its  two  extremities.     Cubital  vein  faint  at  its 


HEMII'TERA— IIOMUPTEUA— AIMIIDK8. 


249 


origin,  but  nppiirently  arising  four  times  as  far  from  th(*  second  ohlicjue  as 
the  second  from  the  first ;  it  forks  at  somewhat  less  than  half-way  to  the 
hind  border  and  runs  by  a  series  of  bends  at  a  long  distance  below  the 
Uiiddie  of  its  area,  forking  a  second  time  nearly  as  far  from  the  first  as 
the  first  from  its  root.  The  stigmatic  vein  is  arcuate  and  diverges  rather 
widely  from  the  stigma,  but  the  length  of  the  stigmatic  cell  can  not  be 
determined. 

Length  of  fragment,  S-f)""";  probable  length  of  wing  4.4""';  breadth, 
1.4""". 

Named  for  Prof  William  Morris  Davis,  of  Harvard  College. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  14053. 


^ 


2.  Gebancuon  fetrorum. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  G. 

Lachniu  petroruin  Scudd.,  Rep.  Prugr.  Qeol.  Surv.  Cau.,  Id75-7(i,  379  (1877). 

A  fragment  of  a  wing  is  sufBci,  itly  preserved  to  show  that  it  should  be 
referred  here,  while  the  exact  position  of  the  veins  is  different  from  that  of 
the  other  species.  The  wing  is  unusually  slender ;  the  postcostal  vein  thick- 
ens apically  as  it  merges  in  the  stigma ;  the  first  oblique  vein  is  straight ; 
the  second  originates  very  close  to  the  first,  runs  parallel  to  it  only  at  the 
very  base,  and  then  bends  pretty  strongly  outward,  striking  the  margin  of 
the  wing  nearly  as  far  from  the  tip  of  the  first  oblique  vein  as  half  its  own 
length ;  the  origin  oi  the  cubital  vein  is  not  clear,  but  it  is  apparently  not 
far  out,  in  which  case  it  runs  parallel  with  the  second  oblique  vein  until  it 
branches  in  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  lower  of  these  branches  almost  re- 
tains the  course  of  the  basal  part  of  the  veins,  but  diverges  slightly  from  the 
second  oblique  vein,  terminating  very  far  from  it  on  the  border  of  the  wing ; 
the  main  stem,  diverging  from  the  first  branch  rather  widely  at  first,  almost 
at  once  runs  parallel  to  the  lower  branch,  and  when  it  has  continued  a  less 
distance  than  the  main  vein  before  its  furcation,  divides,  the  two  forks  di- 
verging but  slightly  at  base,  and  then  very  gradually  converging  until  they 
are  no  farther  apart  than  the  bases  of  the  fint  and  second  oblique  veins,  and 
the  upper  fork  almost  touches  the  stigmatic  vein  (probably  by  some  dis- 
placement);  together  they  diverge  a  little  from  the  lower  branch  cf  the 
cubital  vein ;  the  stigmatic  vein  is  very  conspicuous,  passing  by  a  broad 
sweep  into  the  heart  of  the  wing,  diverging  from  the  stigma  at  a  greater 


i  !i 


ll 


I  ! 


II  ii 


1 

i 


i   4- 


■jB-jl    -1 

4\, 


250 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


angle  than  does  the  second  oblique ;  unfortunately  the  tip  of  the  wing  is 
broken,  and  more  than  the  apical  half  of  the  outer  border  is  also  wanting. 

Length  of  fragment,  4°"";  estir.iated  length  of  wing,  5""°;  width  of 
same,  l.es™"". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.    Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson.    One  specimen,  No.  19. 

4    SBENAPHIS  gen.  pov.  (a/Sevyv/xt,  Aphis). 

Head  without  frontal  tubercles,  the  front  transverse.  Antennae  very 
slender,  at  least  nearly  as  long  as  the  body.  Fore  wings  with  the  stig- 
mat'  3  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked, 
the  first  time  at  a  moderate  distance  from  its  origin,  which  is  at  or  a  trifle 
outside  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins, 
the  second  iime  opposite  or  scarcely  beyond  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein. 
Second  oblique  vein  arising  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein 
but  at  varying  lelative  distances,  always  close  to  the  first  oblique  vein,  the 
first  discoidal  cell  between  them  being  four  or  five  times  broader  on  the 
hind  margin  than  at  base.  Legs  slender,  varying  in  length  but  shorter  than 
the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  ovate.  Some  specimens  seem  to  show  a  short 
stout  Cauda,  which  others  appear  to  lack,  and  occasionally  short  cornicles 
may  be  detected  which  are  apparently  of  uniform  diameter. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Sbenaphii. 

Second  oblique  vein  arising  midway,  or  about  midway,  between  tlie  tint  oblique  and  cubital  vein«. 

1.  S,  qHesneli. 
Second  oblique  vein  arising  much  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein. 

Base  of  second  discoidal  cell  twice  as  wide  as  that  of  the  first;  cubital  7eiu  running  barely  neaver 

the  stigmatic  than  the  second  oblique  vein 3.  S.  uhleri, 

Hase  of  second  discoidal  cell  nearly  thrice  as  wide  as  that  of  the  first ;  cubital  vein  running  very 
much  closer  to  the  stigmatic  than  to  the  second  oblique  vein 3.  S.  laii<i. 

Sbenaphis  QUESNELI. 
PI.  2,  Figs.  4, 5 ;  PI.  18,  Fig.  12. 

TAushnus  quesneli  Scndd.,  Rep.  I'rogr.  Geol.  Sarv.  Can..  1876-77,  461-4t)-2  (1878). 

The  original  description,  with  certain  omissions  and  changes  to  coire- 
spond  with  the  phraseology  here  employed,  was  ac  follows: 

The  remains  which  are  preserved  are  a  pair  of  overlapping  front  wings 
with  torn  edges,  but  with  all  the  important  parts  of  theneuration,  and  some 
of  the  voins  of  the  hind  wings.    The  body  is  completely  crushed  and  all 


HEMIPTERA—  HOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


251 


other  members  are  absent.  The  parts  which  can  be  studied  are  thus  very 
similar  to  those  found  in  Geranchon  petrorum,  described  above,  from  the 
same  bed.  Owing  to  the  absence  of  the  margin,  the  shape  of  the  wing  can 
not  be  determined  The  postcostal  vein  is  thick  throughout,  but  broadens 
apically;  the  first  and  second  oblique  veins  are  both  perfectly  straight, 
originating  scarcely  farther  apart  than  the  width  of  the  postcostal  vein  and 
diverging  considerably.  From  the  position  in  which  the  wings  are  preserve'^ 
(one  front  wing  almost  exactly  covering  the  other,  and  the  two  inclos'  ^ 
between  them  both  hind  wings,  also  almost  exactly  superimposed)  the  i  -a'; 
and  second  discoidal  veins  of  the  two  front  wings  and  the  two  oblique  vfci..s 
of  each  hind  wing  form  a  medley  of  almost  confluent  lines,  so  that  it  is  a 
little  difficult  to  detei'mine  to  which  of  the  four  wings  and  to  what  part  of 
that  wing  each  of  the  eight  veins  belongs ;  regarding  the  veins  of  the  hind 
wings  there  may,  therefore,  be  some  eiTor  in  the  statement  to  be  made,  but 
there  can  be  little  doubt  of  the  position  and  relation  of  the  veins  of  the  front 
wing,  which  appears  to  lie  uppermost.  The  cubital  vein  originates  at  a  dis- 
tance beyond  the  base  of  the  second  oblique  barely  greater  than  the  distance 
at  which  the  latter  is  placed  from  the  first ;  it  makes  an  angle  with  the  post- 
costal vein  of  less  than  forty-five  degrees ;  is  nowhere  in  the  least  degree 
sinuous,  but  is  bent  very  slightly  forward  at  each  forking,  rather  more  at 
its  first  than  at  its  second  ;  sends  off  its  first  branch  at  slightly  less  than  a 
millimeter  from  its  base ;  forms  with  it  an  angle  of  twenty-five  degrees,  and 
at  an  equal  distance  farther  on  emits  its  second  branch  at  a  similar  or  slightly 
smaller  angle;  both  the  branches  are  perfectly  straight,  and  the  upper  branch 
of  the  last  fork  lies  midway  between  the  lower  branch  and  the  stigmatic 
vein ;  the  latter  is  similar  to  that  of  G-.  petrorum  from  the  same  beds,  but  is 
not  so  strongly  curved ;  the  first  branch  of  the  cubital  vein  also  divides 
equally  the  space  between  the  second  oblique  and  the  lower  branch  of  the 
hust  fork  of  the  cubital  vein.  The  oblique  veins  of  the  hind  wing  ori^rinate 
at  no  greater  distance  apart  than  the  first  and  second  oblique  veins  of  the 
front  wings,  are  a  little  less  divergent  than  they,  and  equall}'  straight. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  5°"";  its  probable  complete  length,  6™™; 
breadth  of  same,  1.3.5""";  distance  from  base  of  front  wing  to  the  origin  of 
the  stigmatic  vein,  4.1""'. 

To  this  may  be  added,  from  specimens  obtained  at  Florissant,  that 
the  body  is  stout  and  plump  and  the  hind  femora  as  long  as  the  breadth 


252 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


of  the  thorax.  In  one  specimen  the  abdomen  is  narrower  than,  in  another 
broadei-  than,  in  a  third  of  the  same  width  as,  the  thorax.  The  first  oblique 
vein  makes  an  angle  with  the  postcostal  of  about  fifty-five  degrees  and  is 
straight;  the  second  one  of  forty -five  degrees  and  is  sometimes  straight, 
sometimes  arcuate,  and  the  base  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  being  very  narrow 
it  is  .about  four  or  five  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  there. 

Length  of  body,  2.75-4°"°  j  of  fore  wing,  3.5-5.5""",  the  last  partly 
estimated. 

Queanel,  British  Columbia.  Dr.  Gr.  M.  Dawson.  One  specimen,  No. 
34».    Florissant,  Colorado.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  2234,  3577,  9269. 

2.  Sbenaphis  uhlebi. 

Body  large,  stout,  the  head  and  thorax  darker  than  the  abdomen,  which 
is  broader  than  they.  Wings  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  postcostal 
straight,  thickened  uniformly,  and  running  into  the  very  long  and  consider- 
ably fusiform  stigma,  thirst  oblique  vein  straight,  set  at  an  angle  of  fifty- 
five  degrees  with  the  postcostal ;  the  second  oblique  vein  sinuous,  placed  at 
an  angle  of  forty -five  degrees  with  the  postcostal ;  the  two  veins  moderately 
close  only  at  base,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  four  or  five  times  broader 
on  the  hind  margin.  Cubital  vein  faint  at  base  but  originating  about  twice 
as  far  from  the  second  oblique  vein  as  that  from  the  first,  arcuate  on  its 
basal  half,  straight  and  longitudinal  on  its  apical,  occupying  with  its  branches 
the  middle  of  its  allotted  space,  first  forking  at  less  than  one-third  the  dis- 
tance to  the  hind  margin,  again  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  and 
less  than  half-way  from  its  own  first  fork  to  the  apex  of  the  wing;  in  its 
passage  it  approaches  the  stigmatic  only  a  little  more  closely  than  the  second 
oblique  vein.  Stigmatic  vein  parting  very  slightly  and  gradually  from  the 
stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  very  narrow  and  about  one-third  tlie 
length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4.75""" ;  of  fore  wing,  6.75""™  ;  breadth  of  same,  2.25*"". 

Dedicated  to  my  good  friend,  Mr.  Philip  R.  Uhler,  without  whose 
faithful  and  disinterested  work  the  student  of  American  Hemiptera  would 
be  sadly  at  a  loss. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2327,  11202. 


HEMIPTEBA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES. 


258 


3.    SbENAPHIS   LA88A. 


This  small  species  is  represented  by  a  single  individual,  with  nearly  all 
the  legs  preserved  in  an  unusual  manner,  but  the  wings  not  so  complete)y. 
The  body  is  black  throughout,  the  hind  femora  longer  than  the  abdomen, 
the  hind  tibiae  as  long  as  the  body.  The  wings  have  the  postcostal  vein 
and  stigma  precisely  as  in  the  last  species.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight 
or  at  the  tip  slightly  arcuate,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about 
fifty  degrees,  the  second  oblique  vein  distinctly  arcuate  on  its  apical  half, 
parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty -five  degrees,  and  separated 
from  the  first  by  a  sUghtly  wider  interval  than  in  the  other  species  described  ; 
the  first  discoidal  cell  is  about  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at 
the  base.  The  cubital  vein,  arising  nearly  three  times  as  far  from  the  second 
oblique  vein  as  the  latter  is  from  the  first,  takes  a  course  above  the  middle 
of  the  area  left  to  it,  approaching  very  close  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  it  forks 
first  about  quar'or-way  to  the  hind  margin  and  again  about  opposite  the 
stigmatic  vein,  which,  with  the  stigmatic  cell,  is  as  in  S.  uhleri. 

Length  of  body,  3.25'""';  fore  wing,  5.5'"'" ;  fore  femora,  1.15""";  fore 
tibiae,  1.7""";  middle  femora,  1.4™"";  middle  tibia;,  2.3°"" ;  hind  femora,  2"""'; 
hind  tibia;,  3.25"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  12994. 

5.  APHANTAPHIS  gen.  nov.  {a(pavro?,  1  phis). 

Head  witho\it  frontal  tubercles,  the  antennae  being  inserted  in  sub- 
lateral  pits ;  the)  ire  longer  than  the  fore  wings,  very  slender  indeed,  the 
third  joint  very  long.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the 
mid  le  of  an  exceedingly  slender  and  tapering  stigma,  the  stigmatic  cell 
near  half  the  length  of  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time 
at  a  \  y  slight  distance  from  its  origin,  which  is  scarcely  before  the  middle 
of  the  space  between  the  first  obliqu'i  and  stigmatic  veins,  the  second  time 
iialf  way  thence  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  slightly 
nearer  the  cubital  than  the  first  oblique  vein,  the  first  so  near  the  base  of 
the  wing  as  to  be  very  short,  and  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  only 
about  twice  as  wide  at  the  hind  margin  as  at  base.  Legs  long  and  slender, 
the  hind  tibia;  and  tarai  nearly  equaling  the  length  of  the  wings. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


254 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Aphantaphis  exsuca. 

The  fore  wing,  which  is  exceptionally  preserved,  is  long  oval,  almost 
three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  the  postcostal  and  all  the  space  between  it  and 
the  costal  margin  filled  with  pigment,  so  as  to  be  exceptionally  broad,  taper- 
ing until  it  expands  again  into  the  long  fusiform  stigma.  First  oblique  vein 
very  close  to  the  base,  short,  straight,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an 
angle  of  at  least  seventy  degrees,  not  twice  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  base 
of  the  first  discoidal  cell ;  second  oblique  vein  arising  far  from  the  first  at  an 
angle  of  fifty  degrees,  straight  until  near  the  tip,  where  it  bends  considerably 
to  meet  the  margin,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  hardly  more  than  twice 
as  broad  on  the  liind  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  feeble,  but  uniform 
throughout ;  hardly  so  far  removed  from  the  second  oblique  vein  at  its 
origin  as  that  from  the  first,  first  forking  hardly  one-sixth  way  to  the  hind 
margin,  again  fully  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  running  slightly  nearer 
the  stigmatic  than  the  second  oblique  vein.  Stigmatic  vein  arising  opposite 
a  point  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the  first  to  the  second  forking  of 
the  cubital  vein  or  less,  far  before  the  middle  of  the  stigma,  having  a 
broad  sweep,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell,  though  not  narrow,  is  four-ninths 
the  lengtli  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  4  5°"" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.6°"" ;  length  of  antennae, 
6""" ;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi,  4"". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  1215. 


r  ■ : 


I'l: 


6.  SIPHONOPHOROIDES  Buckton. 

Siphonophoroidea  (pam)  Buckton,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  176  (1883). 

Antennae  inserted  on  distinct  and  prominent  frontal  tubercles,  the  first 
two  joints  forming  together  a  stout,  subconical  mass  more  than  twice  as  long 
as  broad ;  the  remainder  of  the  antennae  slender,  filiform,  much  longer  than 
tiie  body,  as  long  as  the  fore  wings,  all  the  joints  and  especially  the  third 
excessively  long.  Fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the 
middle  of  the  very  long  and  slender  fusiform  stigma.  Cubital  vein  twice 
forked,  .he  first  time  tolerably  far  from  its  origin,  which  is  usually  at  about 
one-third  the  distance  from  the  base  of  the  first  oblique  to  that  of  the  stig- 
matic vein,  the  second  time  about  as  far  again  beyond  the  stigmatic  vein  as 
that  is  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital  vein.     Second  oblique  vein  aria- 


HEMIPTERA—HOMOPTBRA— APHIDES. 


255 


ing  somewhat  but  not  greatly  nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein, 
the  first  at  a  considerably  wider  angle,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between 
them  is  from  three  or  four  to  six  or  eight  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin 
as  at  the  base.  Legs  slender,  the  hind  femora  half  as  long  as  the  fore  wings. 
Abdomen  ovate,  rather  broad,  well  rounded  apically,  with  very  short  and 
stout  cornicles  in  at  least  one  species,  but  no  cauda. 

Buckton  gave  no  characteristics  of  his  genus  apart  from  the  specific 
description  ;  his  supposition  that  the  abdomen  was  pointed  was  due  to  his 
taking  the  faint  signs  of  the  first  oblique  veins  as  the  sides  of  the  abdomen 
in  the  figure  which  formed  the  basis  of  his  determination. 


Table  of  the  species  of  Siphonophoroides. 

Second  oblique  vein  parting  from  the  postuostal  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees. ..  . 
Second  oblique  vein  parting  from  tlie  postcoiital  at  au  angle  of  thirty-Uve  degrees. 

First  branch  of  onbital  vein  distant  from  tbe  second  oblique  vein 

First  branch  of  cubital  vein  closely  approximated  to  the  second  oblique  vein  ... 


SiPHONOPHOSOIDES   ANTIQUA. 


.1.  S.  antiqaa. 


..'i.  3.  rafinesquei. 
...3.  S.  proplnqua. 


PI.  18,  Figs.  3,  5,  7, 10. 
Siphonophoroidet  antiqua  Buckton,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  176,  PI.  i:(3,  Fig.  1  (1883). 

This  is  far  the  most  common  of  the  Florissant  Aphides,  and  many  of 
the  specimens  are  very  fairly  preserved.  They  are  uniformly  dark  colored, 
or  the  abdomen  may  be  a  little  paler  or  more  obscure  than  the  rest  of  the 
body.  The  wings  are  pretty  slender,  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad. 
The  postcostal  vein  is  moderately  thick,  uniform,  and  running  without 
break  into  the  very  long  fusiform  stigma ;  it  is  separated  by  a  moderately 
wide  and  regularly  decreasing  space  from  the  costal  margin.  The  first 
oblique  vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fully 
sixty  degrees ;  the  second  oblique  is  straight  in  its  basal  half,  arcuate  or 
sinuate  beyond,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  forty-five 
degrees  at  a  moderate  distance  from  the  first  oblique  vein,  the  first  discoidal 
cell  between  them  being  about  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as 
at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  farther,  generally  about  half  as  far  again, 
sometimes  almost  twice  as  far,  from  the  second  oblique  as  that  from  the 
first  oblique  vein,  very  longitudinal  in  course,  first  forking  at  about  two- 
fifths  the  distance  to  the  hind  margin  and  again  at  about  half-way  between 
the  first  forking  and  the  tip  of  the  wing,  running  about  twice  as  near  the 
stigmatic  as  the  second  oblique  vein.     Stigmatic  vein  arising  nearer  the  first 


i4X-         f 


256 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


than  the  second  fork  of  the  cubital,  sometimes  to  a  considerable  degree 
arcuate  at  base  but  beyond  horizontal,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  both 
long  and  slender,  from  a  third  to  two-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  Hind 
legs  about  as  long  as  the  antennae. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  fore  wing,  5-6""" ;  breadth  of  same,  l.fy-2""" ; 
length  of  antenna;,  5.5"" ;  legs  of  one  individual  as  follows :  fore  femora 
1.5"'"';  fore  tibiae  and  tarsi,  2.25"'";  middle  femora,  1.25"";  middle  tibiaj 
and  tarsi,  2.15"'";  hind  femora,  2.  25""';  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi,  3"'". 

Florissant.  Fifteen  specimens,  Nos.  1079,  1339,  1867,  2396,  2881, 
3029,  5747,  7934,  8889,  9574,  10205,  11562,  13562,  14450,  and,  from  the 
Princeton  Collection,  1.986.  Besides  these,  Nos.  1703,  3284,  and  5491  from 
Florissant,  should  probably  be  referred  here. 

2.    SiPHONOPHOKOIDES   KAFINE8QUEI. 

The  greater  part  of  the  creature,  excepting  the  abdomen,  is  preserved 
in  the  single  specimen  obtained.  The  antennae  are  nearly  as  long  as  the 
hind  legs  and  considerably  longer  than  the  wings.  The  wings  are  very 
slender,  fully  four  times  longer  than  broad.  The  postcostal  except  at  base 
is  straight,  slender,  and  runs  uninterruptedly  into  the  exceptionally  slender 
fusiform  stigma.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight,  or  slightly  arcuate,  and 
parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  nearly  sixty  degrees ;  the  second 
oblique  vein  is  also  straight  or  slightly  arcuate,  is  moderately  distant  at  base 
from  the  first  oblique,  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty -five 
degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  more  than  twice  as  far  from 
the  second  oblique  vein  as  that  is  from  the  first  and  only  a  little  less  than 
half-way  from  the  first  oblique  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  forks  about  two-fifths 
way  to  the  hind  margin,  and  with  its  first  fork  runs  completely  parallel  to 
and  distant  from  the  second  oblique  vein ;  it  is  bent  at  its  fork  and  there- 
after runs  longitudinally,  forking  again  about  half-way  to  the  tip  and  run- 
ning close  to  the  stigmatic  vein.  This  last  arises  very  much  nearer  the 
first  than  the  second  cubital  fork,  and  except  at  base  is  but  little  arcuate 
and  very  longitudinal,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  exceptionally  slender 
and  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  wing.     Legs  very  slender. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  5.25"";    breadth  of  same,   1.25"";    length  of 
antennae,  6.5"" ;  of  hind  femora,  2.5"" ;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi,  3.75"". 


Kif  i 


HEMIPTEKA—riOMOPTERA -APHIDES. 


257 


The  eccentric  Constantine  Rafinesque-Sclinmlz  made  the  first  attempt 
ti>  classify  American  Aphides. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  Ifi67. 

3.    SiPHONOPHOKOIDKS    PKOPINQIJA. 

The  single  specimen  on  which  this  species  is  based  is  not  so  well  pre- 
served as  the  last.  The  antennju  are  broken  in  the  middle,  but  were  appar- 
ently of  a  similar  length.  The  wings  are  slender,  fully  three  times  longer 
thiin  broad.  The  postcostal  is  very  broad,  straight,  and  uninterrupted. 
The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight,  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle 
of  about  fifty  degrees ;  the  second  is  straight  at  base,  beyond  considerably 
arcuate,  separated  by  a  narrow  distance  from  the  first,  and  jilaced  at  an 
angle  of  scarcely  forty  degrees  with  the  postcostal,  so  that  the  first  discoidal 
cell  between  them  is  very  long  and  slender,  anvl  is  about  four  times  as  broad 
on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  nearly  twice  as 
far  from  the  second  oblique  as  that  from  tiie  first,  forks  at  rather  less  than 
one-third  way  to  the  hind  margin,  and  is  very  arcuate  in  course,  so  that 
though  its  first  fork  approaches  exceptionally  near  the  second  oblique  vein, 
the  main  stem  reaches  only  twice  the  distance  from  the  stigmatic  vein. 
This  last  vein  arises  opposite  a  point  on  the  cubital  vein  one-third  way 
from  the  first  to  the  second  fork,  and,  strongly  arcuate,  passes  at  once  far 
into  the  wing,  and  then  becomes  longitudinal,  the  stigmatic  cell  being 
pretty  large  and  long,  about  two-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  J^egs  very 
slender. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  5.5°"";  breadth  of  same,  1.5™'";  length  ot  fore 
femora,  1.75""";  fore  tibiae  and  tarsi,  2.5"'"';  hind  femora.  2.25'"'";  hind 
tibiae  and  tarsi,  4.2"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  3738. 

7.  LITHAPHIS  gen.  nov.  {XlOo?,  Aphis.) 

Head  rather  small  with  .short  frontal  tubercles  on  which  the  antennae 
are  seated  in  close  proximity.  The  first  two  joints  of  the  latter  as  in 
Siphon ophoroides,  the  remainder  also  as  there,  but  if  anything  even  longer. 
Fore  wing  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of  the  stigma. 
Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  very  far  from  its  origin  (which  is 
about  a  third  way  from  the  base  of  the  first  oblique  to  the  stigmatic  vein) 
VOL  xui 17 


258 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i  ^H 


:1r 


nnd  about  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  tlie  second  time  apparently 
about  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Second  oblique  vein  arining  slightly 
nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein,  at  rather  more  than  half  a  right 
angle  with  the  postcostal ;  first  oblique  vein  parting  much  more  widely,  about 
eighty  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them,  very  narrow  at 
base,  is  six  or  more  times  wider  there  than  on  the  hind  margin.  Legs 
moderately  slender,  the  hind  femora  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  which  is  no 
broader  than  the  thorax,  twice  as  long  as  l)road,  and  rounded. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

LiTHAPHIS    DIKUTA. 

The  body  appears  to  have  been  pretty  uniformly  colored.  The  pro- 
portions of  the  wings  can  not  be  determined,  but  the  insect  was  one  of  the 
smaller  species.  The  postcostal  is  parallel  with  the  costii,  moderately  slen- 
der, especially  just  before  the  long  and  tapering  stigma.  The  first  oblique 
vein  is  very  transverso,  parting  at  an  angle  of  about  eighty  degrees  with 
the  postcostal,  and  straight ;  the  second  oblique  vein,  arising  rather  close  to 
the  first,  is  slightly  arcuate  and  })art8  from  the  postcostal  at  an  anfjie  of  forty- 
five  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  many  times  broader  Oi\  the  hind 
margin  than  at  tlie  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  less  than  twice  as  far  be- 
yond the  second  oblique  vein  as  that  beyond  the  first,  is  rather  straight  and 
stiff",  first  forks  at  less  than  a  third  way  to  the  hind  margin  and  again  about 
half-way  to  the  tip,  approaching  the  stigmatic  rather  than  the  second  oblique 
vein.  The  stigmatic  vein  arises  scarcely  beyond  the  first  furcation  of  the 
cubital,  and,  strongly  arcuate  at  first,  reaches  widely  into  the  wing,  the  stig- 
matic cell  being  large  and  long. 

Length  of  body,  3™™ ;  antenruc,  S.S""' ;  wing  (probable),  4.5™"'. 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  3785,  12112,  12476.  A  specimen 
from  Green  lliver,  No.  82,  Prof.  L.  \.  Lee,  may  perhaps  belong  here. 

8.  TEPHRAPHIS  gen.  nov.  (retppoay,  Aphis). 

Siphonophoroides  (para)  Buckton,  Moiiogr.  Brit.  Aphi<lo8,  IV,  170  (1883). 

Head  apparently  much  as  in  Lithaphis,  but  the  front  tubercles  are 
uncertain.  Antennae  constructed  basally  as  there,  separated  at  base  b}- 
their  own  width,  much  longer  than  the  fore  wing.  Fore  wing  with  tho 
stigmatic  vein  arising  rather  before  the  middle  of  the  unusually  broad 


t 


HEMIPTERA— llOMOPTERA— APHIDEa. 


269 


stigma.-  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  very  near  to  its  origin 
(which  is  about  two-thirds  the  distance  from  the  first  obHque  to  the  stig- 
matic  vein),  and  about  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  the  second 
time  at  varying  distances  from  tlio  first.  Second  oblique  vein  a  little  nearer 
the  first  oblique  than  the  stigmatic  vein,  uiuisually  transverse,  the  first 
scarcely  more  longitudin.al,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them, 
broad  at  base,  is  not  more  tlian  twice  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin.  Legs 
slender,  the  hind  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  rest  of  the  leg 
about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  short  oval,  well 
rounded  apically,  no  broader  than  the  thorax.     Both  species  are  very  small. 

Table  of  the  upteiea  of  Tephraphii. 

First  discoidal  cell  only  lialf  as  broad  again  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  base,  the  first  and  second  oblique 
veins  very  nearly  parallel I.  T.  limplex. 

First  discoidal  cell  twice  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  base,  the  first  and  second  obliqne  veins 
distinctly  divergent 8.  T.  walihii. 

1.  Tephraphis  simplex. 

PI.  18,  Fig.  4. 
Siphonophoroiiles  limplex  Bnckton,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  176-177,  PI.  133,  Fig.  2  (1883). 

This  is  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Florissant  species.  The  antennae, 
twice  as  long  as  the  body,  taper  to  a  slender  thread,  scarcely  visible  on  the 
stone.  The  body  has  the  abdomen  very  pale  and  indistinct,  but  the  rest 
much  darker,  and  the  legs  are  uniformly  dark.  The  wings  are  slender,  at 
least  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  postcostal  vein  is  very  heavy  and 
straight  and  the  stigma,  hardly  broader,  is  very  long.  The  first  oblique 
vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  fifty-five 
degrees ;  the  second  oblique  is  very  distant  from  the  first,  parts  from  the 
postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  fifty  degrees,  and,  at  first  straight  and  there- 
fore almost  parallel  to  the  first  oblique  vein,  is  afterwards  a  little  arcuate, 
so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  about  half  as  broad  again  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  its  base.  The  cubital  vein,  a  little  farther  removed  from  the 
second  oblique  vein  than  the  latter  is  from  the  first,  runs  with  its  first  fork 
in  a  straight  course,  parallel  to  the  second  oblique  vein,  forks  at  one-fourth 
the  distance  from  the  base,  and  is  considerably  angulated,  running  after- 
wards completely  parallel  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  and  forking  again  about 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  Stigmatic  vein  arising  closely  subsequent 
to  the  first  forking  of  the  cubital  vein,  paiting  abruptly  and  curving 


260 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


11  ii 


atrongly,  passing  a  variable  distance  into  the  body  of  tlie  wing,  and  tljen 
running  longitudinally;  it  nowhere  approaches  closely  the  cubital  vein,  and 
the  stigmatic  cell  is  at  the  most  scarcely  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.4"'"';  antenna*,  4.75""";  wings,  3.5-4"";  fore  fem- 
ora, 1"";  fore  tibia;  and  tarsi,  1.25"";  middle  tibia  and  tarsi,  1.5"";  hind 
femora,  1.2"";  hind  tibia'  and  tarsi,  2""'. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  51!),  670",  2163. 

2.    TePHRAPHIH    WAL8HM. 
PI.  18,  Fig.  19. 

Little  is  preserved  but  the  overlapping  fore  wings  and  these  imperfectly. 
They  show  the  insect  to  have  been  very  small  with  slender  wings,  probably 
just  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight, 
and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees ;  the  second  is  also 
straight  and  parts  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees,  and  the  distance  '  tween  the 
two  being  great,  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  wide,  but  on  the  hind  ui. a  gin  twice 
as  wide  as  at  base.  The  cubital  vein  arises  only  a  little  farther  from  the 
second  oblique  vein  than  it  is  from  the  first,  and  at  about  two-thirds  the  dis- 
tance from  the  first  oblique  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  with  its  first  branch  it  is 
completely  parallel  to  the  second  oblique  vein  and  straight,  forking  first  at 
about  one-third  of  the  distance  to  the  hind  margin ;  it  is  not  abruptly  bent 
at  this  fork,  but  curves  rather  rapidly  to  gain  a  longitudinal  course,  and  forks 
again  a  little  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  stigmatic  vein 
arises  scarcely  beyond  the  first  fork  of  the  cubital  and  curves  rapidly  to  a 
longitudinal  course,  but  the  relative  length  of  the  slender  stigmatic  cell  can 
hardly  be  determined. 

Length  of  specimen,  4.25""  ;  probable  length  of  wing,  3.5"". 

The  late  Benjamin  D.  Walsh  was  one  of  the  first  students  of  our 
Aphides. 

Florissant.  One  specimen.  No.  8085,  lying  entangled  with  Ptero- 
stigma  recurvum. 

9.  APHIDOPSIS  gen.  nov.  (Aphis,  o^/?). 

Head  provided  with  short,  broad,  and  uniform  frontal  tubercles,  between 
which,  a  space  more  than  equaling  the  breadth  of  the  antennae,  the  front 
is  rounded  and  slighth'^  advanced.  First  joint  of  antenna;  distinctly  nar- 
rower than  the  frontal  tubercles,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  scarcely  narrow- 


HEMIPTERA-UOMOPTEBA— APHIDES. 


261 


ing  apically,  the  second  much  smaller,  subconical,  the  remainder  very 
slender,  filiform,  much  longer  than  the  fore  wings,  the  third  joint  alone  as 
long  as  the  whole  body.  Fore  wings  with  the  stignmtic  vein  more  than 
usually  longitudinal,  arising  from  before  the  middle  of  the  ver}^  narrow  and 
elongated  stigma,  so  that  the  very  narrow  stignmtic  cell  is  more  than  a 
third  as  long  as  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  twice  forked,  the  first  time  far  from 
its  origin  (a  tliird  or  half  way  to  the  extremity  of  the  first  brancii),  which  is 
usually  about  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  cubital  veins,  but 
varies  to  some  extent,  and  in  any  case  only  a  little  before  the  origin  of  the 
stigmatic  vein,  the  second  time  not  far  from  half-way  from  the  first  forking 
to  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Second  oblique  vein  arising  nearer  the  first  oblique 
than  the  stigmatic  vein,  sometimes  only  to  a  slight  extent,  sometimes 
twice  as  near  it,  generally  very  straight,  the  first  oblique  at  such  an 
angle  with  it  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them,  pretty  wide  at 
base,  is  from  three  to  six  times  as  wide  on  the  hind  nuirgin  of  the 
wing.  Legs  very  slender,  the  hind  femora  fully  reaching  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  the  rest  of  the  hind  legs  only  a  little  shorter  than  the  fore  wings. 
Abdomen  rounded  ovate,  somewhat  broader  than  the  thorax,  fullest  behind, 
with  an  extremely  short  and  rather  stout  cauda,  and  very  short  and  remark- 
ably stout  conical  cornicles. 

I'able  of  the  species  of  Aphidopiit. 

Fore  wiDKS  more  than  three  milllmeterB  long. 
Cubital  vein  arcuate  throuf;hout. 

First  cubital  branch  much  nearer  to  the  second  cubital  branch  than  to  the  second  oblique  vein. 
Cubital  vein  approaching  the  stigmatic  vein  very  closely ;  fore  legs  longer  tha.i  middle 

legs 1.  A.  subterna. 

Cubital  vein  not  approaching  the  stigmatic  vein  very  closely;  fore  legs  shorter  than  mid- 
dle legs a.  A.  kargeri. 

First  cubital  branch  equidistant  from  second  cubital  branch  and  second  oblique  vein. 

3.  J.  lutafia. 
Cubital  vein  angularly  bent  at  furcations. 

Expanse  of  wings  nine  millimeters  or  less ;  first  discoidal  cell  normally  divergent. 

4.  A.  margarum. 
Expanse  of  wings  eleven  millimeters  or  more ;  first  discoidal  cell  not  very  divergent. 

6.  A.  dalli. 
Fore  wings  less  than  three  millimeters  long 6.  A.  emaviata. 

1.  Aphidopsis  subterna. 

Head  and  thorax  testaceous,  slightly  mottled  with  pallid.  Antennae  as 
long  as  the  fore  wings.  Wings  slightly  less  than  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  the  postcostal  moderately  light,  running  uninterruptedly  into  the 
very  slender  elongated  stigma.    First  transverse  vein  very  slender,  nearly 


262 


TKIITIAKY  lNaK(!T8  OF  NORTH  AMKKICA. 


ii 


ill 

'■  1 J 


ml: 


Htrnight,  but  ulightly  iirc.uuto,  put'tiiig  from  thu  ])()st('OHtal  iit  an  angle  of  ut 
least  fifty  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  hardly  liuavier,  very  feebly  urcuute, 
and  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  dogreoH ;  it  is 
moderately  distant  at  base  from  the  first  obli(iue  vein,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
(^oidal  cell  between  them  is  only  about  four  times  broader  on  the  hind  mar- 
gin than  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  half  as  far  again  from  thu  second 
oblique  as  it  from  the  first  oblicjue  vein  and  only  about  one-third  way  from 
the  latter  to  the  stigmatic  vein ;  it  forks  about  one-third  way  to  the  hind 
margin,  and  its  first  fork  is  completely  parallel  to  and  somewhat  distant 
from  the  second  oblicjue  vein ;  near  its  second  fork  it  ajjproaches  twice  as 
near  the  stigniatic  vein  as  the  second  oblique  vein.  Stigmatic  vein  not  reach- 
ing far  into  the  wing,  arising  from  a  quarter  to  a  third  the  distance  from  the 
first  to  the  second  furcation  of  the  i,;:bital  vein,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
slender  and  about  two-fifths  the  length  of  tuc  '"ing.  Femora  j)ale,  tibiie  and 
tarsi  dark.  Abdomen  plump  oval,  of  a  pale  color,  mottled  with  large, 
roundish,  dark  sj)ot8  arranged  in  niediodorsal  and  lateral  rows  on  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  segments  ;  there  are  faint  indications  of  a  slender, 
slight,  and  rather  short  cauda,  and  distinct  marks  of  cornicles  in  conical 
hillocks  at  the  extreme  outer  sides  of  the  here  angulated  abdomen. 

Lengthof  body,  3.75""";  antenna;,  5""" ;  fore  wings,  5""" ;  fore  femora, 
1.3""";  fore  tibia;  and  tarsi,  21)"""';  middle  femora,  1.1""";  middle  tibia;  and 
tarsi,  2.4°'"' ;  hind  femora,  2'""' ;  hind  tibijo  and  tarsi,  3.3""". 

Florissant.     Six  specimens,  Nos.  211),  740,  1307,  2ir)l,  7426,  8896. 

2.   APHID0P8I8    HARllERI. 

The  single  specimen  which  represents  this  species  is  preserved  upon  a 
side  view,  with  the  wings  somewhat  crumpled.  Enough,  however,  can  be 
seen  to  distinguish  it  from  the  preceding  species  in  that  the  cubital  vein  runs 
at  the  ordinary  distance  from  the  stigmatic.  though  still  distant  from  the 
second  oblique  vein,  and  though  the  stigmatic  vein  descends  as  deeply 
into  the  wing  as  in  A.  subterna.  The  origin  of  all  the  veins  is  the  same, 
but  the  second  oblique  is  more  arcuate  and  its  arcuation  confined  mostly  to 
the  apical  half.  But  the  principal  difi^erence  is  found  in  the  relative  length 
of  the  legs,  which  though  stouter  are  also  longer  and  have  the  middle  pair 
slightly  longer  than  the  fore  pair,  instead  of  the  reverse.  The  legs  are 
remarkably  preserved  and  show  the  single  jointed  tarsus  and  claws  with 
great  distinctness,  showing  them  to  be  constructed  much  as  in  Callipterus. 


HKMII'JEHA-IIOMOPTBRA— APniDRa 


268 


Leiiffth  of  body,  3.')'"'";  wings  (piirtly  oHtimutod),  1.75""";  fore  legH, 
4.1""";  femur,  1.4r)""";  tibiu,  2.2r)""";  tarsus,  0.4"""';  middle  legH,  I.Srr"" ; 
femur,  1.7rr"';  tibia,  2.4'""';  tarsuH,  0.4""";  himl  legs,  6  A"'"' ;  femur,  2"™; 
tibia,  4""" ;  tarsus,  O.S"""'. 

To  the  memory  of  the  faithful  paleontologist,  Dr  Oscar  Ilarger,  of 
New  Haven. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  11360. 

3.  Apiiiuopsis  lutabia. 


Head  and  thorax  rather  darker  than  the  abdomen,  the  femora  rather 
li;,'-hter  than  the  tibiic.  Anteniue  a  little  longer  than  the  fore  wings.  Winj^B 
fully  three  times  longer  than  broad,  the  postcostal  vein  stout  and  running 
with  scarcely  any  diminution  of  size  into  the  long  and  very  slender  stigma. 
First  oblique  vein  straight  or  scarcely  arcuate,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at 
an  angle  of  fifty  degrees ;  second  oblique  vein  regularly  arcuate,  parting 
from  the  postcostal  "ein  at  an  angle  of  forty-five,  degrees,  and  moderately 
distant  from  the  first  oblique  at  base,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between 
them  is  about  three  or  four  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  at  the 
base.  The  cubital  vein  is  apparently  about  as  far  from  the  second  oblique 
vein  as  it  from  the  first  oblique,  first  forks  at  about  one-third  way  to  the 
hind  margin,  and  has  throughout  a  gently  arcuate  curve  by  which  it 
approaches  pretty  close  to  the  stigmatic  vein.  This  arises  far  back  in  the 
stigma,  almost  reaching  the  first  cubital  fork,  is  gently  arcuate  and  has  a 
very  longitudinal  course,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  both  slender  and  very 
long,  not  much  less  than  half  a^  long  as  the  wing.  Legs  very  slender 
indeed,  the  fore  pair  nearly  as  long  as  the  wings  and  longer  than  the 
middle  pair,  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  longer  than  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  3.5-3.8"""  ;  antennai,  5.15""°  ;  fore  wings,  5.25'""' ;  fore 
legs,  4.8"'™;  femur,  1.8"";  tibia,  2.6"'™;  tarsus,  0.4™";  middle  legs,  4.25™"' ; 
femur,  1.6™™ ;  tibia,  2.25™" ;  tarsus,  04™" ;  hind  legs,  G.G"""  ;  femur,  2.6™" ; 
tibia  and  tarsus,  4™". 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  7433, 8773,  and  from  the  Princeton 
Collection,  1.834. 


1:1  I 
:!l 


264 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


4.  Aphidopsi.s  mabgarum. 


1, 

tl 

! 

I! 


liji. 


mi 


Vl  18,  Fig.  8. 

This  small  and  slender  species  is  very  dark,  almost  black  as  preserved, 
and  pretty  uniform.  The  antennje  so  far  as  preserved  are  excessively 
slender  and  rather  shorter  than  the  wings.  Wings  about  three  times  as 
long  as  broad,  the  postcostal  vein  heavy,  uniform,  and  straight,  merging 
into  the  stigma,  which  is  twice  as  broad,  but  very  long  and  slenderly  fusi- 
form The  first  oblique  vein  is  perfectly  straight  and  parts  from  the  post- 
costal  at  an  angle  of  fully  seventy-five  degrees ;  the  second  oblique  vein, 
also  perfectly  straight  and  rather  distant  from  the  first,  parts  from  tlie  iJost- 
costsil  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  is 
about  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital 
\ein  very  stiff  and  angular,  it  and  both  its  branches  being  rigidly  straight; 
at  each  furcation  it  is  bent,  forking  first  at  rather  more  than  a  third  way  to 
the  hind  margin  and  again  about  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  not 
approaching  closely  to  the  stigmatic  vein ;  the  vein  originates  at  more  than 
half-way  from  the  first  oblique  vein  to  the  stigmatic.  The  stigmatic  vein 
arises  far  back,  about  midway  between  the  forks  of  the  cubital,  and  is  very 
longitudinal,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  narrow,  and  exceeds  a  third  the 
length  of  the  wing.     Legs  very  slender. 

Length  of  body,  2.5-5'"'";  antennii>,  ;5.4""" ;  wings,  3.75-4""";  middle 
legs,  2.G'"'". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  5380,  12190,  12683. 


It. 


5.  Armoopsis  dalli. 

The  head  and  thorax  darker  than  the  tolerably  uniform  abdomen. 
Antenna'  at  least  half  as  long  again  as  the  body.  Wings  apparently  about 
three  times  as  long  as  Iji-oad,  the  postcostal  slender,  the  stigma  pretty  large 
and  very  long.  First  oblique  vein  straight,  or  nearly  straight,  parting  from 
tlie  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  fifty-five  degrees  ;  second  oblique  rather 
distant  from  it,  parting  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees,  and  likewise  nearly 
straight,  so  tliat  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  is  little  more  than  twice 
as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  more  than 
twice  as  far  from  the  second  oblique  vein  as  that  from  the  first,  and  about 
midway  between  the  latter  and  the  stigmatic  vein,  fii'st  forking  when  hardly 


ifl'l  ■ 


HBMI ITE  RA—llOMOPTERA— APHIDES. 


265 


I 


less  than  h-^lf-way  to  tlie  hind  margin,  bent  at  the  first  furcation,  and  passing 
-exceedingly  close  to  the  stigmatic  vein,  the  upper  branch  of  the  final  fork 
in  direct  continuation  of  the  main  stei  i.  Stigmatic  vein  arising  at  about 
one-third  the  distance  from  the  first  to  the  second  furcation  of  the  cubital 
vein,  very  longitudinal,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  rather  slender  and  very 
long,  fully  two-fifths  the  length  of  the  wing.  Leg.s  slender,  the  femora  tol- 
erably stout,  the  fore  and  middle  legs  of  equal  length  in  all  parts. 

Length  of  body,  ;J.5"""  ;  antenm^,  G..5™"' ;  wing.s,  5""";  fore  legs,  3.9'"'"; 
femora,  1  4'°'" ;  tibire  and  tarsi,  2.5""" ;  middle  legs,  3.9""" ;  femora,  1.4""" ; 
tibiae  and  tarsi,  2.5""'",  hind  legs,  5.1""";  femora,  2.2.5""";  tibiae  and  tarsi, 
2.85'"'".  Another  specimen  had  a  body  4.75'"'"  long,  with  wings  nearly 
6.5"'"'  and  hind  femora  2.5"""  long. 

In  honor  of  Mr.  William  Healy  Dall,  the  malacologist,  well  known 
also  for  his  studies  of  fo.ssil  invertebrates. 

Florissant.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  9135,  and  from  the  Princeton  Collec- 
tion 1.1091. 

6.  Apiiiuopsis  emaciata. 

This  diminutive  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  with 
spread  wings,  without  antenuic  or  legs.  It  has  an  expanse  of  only  six  mil- 
limeters or  less.  The  head  and  thorax  are  unlfonuly  dark,  the  abdomen 
uniformly  light  colored.  Tlie  wii'gs  are  as  long  as  the  body  and  more 
than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  The  postcostal  vein  is  bioad,  but  not 
darkly  pigmented,  as  usual,  and  the  stigma  large  and  distinct.  First  oblique 
vein  straight,  parting  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  seventy-five 
degrees ;  the  second  oblique  also  straight,  parting  at  an  angle  of  about 
forty-five  degrees,  but  though  the  wing  is  slender,  the  discoidal  cell,  narrow 
at  base,  is  several  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  base.  Cubital 
vein  arising  about  midway  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins, 
and  twice  as  far  from  the  second  oblique  vein  as  this  from  tlie  first;  it 
first  forks  at  some  distance  from  the  base,  and  is  strongly  arcuate,  approach- 
ing nuich  nearer  the  stigmatic  than  the  second  oblique  vein.  Stigmatic 
vein  arising  very  far  back,  almost  to  the  first  furcation  of  the  cubital  vein, 
and,  reaching  down  far  into  the  wing  at  the  start,  it  gives  a  very  large 
stigmatic  cell,  almost  half  as  long  as  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.5'"" ;  fore  wings,  2.5"'"'. 

Florissant.  One  specimei;,  No.  6405.  It  comes  from  the  uppermost 
layers. 


260 


TERTIAUV  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


':>     't 


Aphidopsis  sp. 
PI.  18,  Fig.  11. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  is  the  only  instance  of  an  immature 
plant-louse  among  the  numerous  remains  of  this  family  at  Florissant.  This 
is  excellently  preserved,  and  agrees  so  well  in  the  structure  of  the  antennae 
and  legs  and  in  the  form  of  the  abdomen  with  the  species  of  Aphidopsis, 
a  prevailing  type  among  the  Florissant  forms,  that  I  venture  to  place  it  here; 
the  more  so  as  iu  the  markings  of  the  abdomen,  well  represented  on  the 
plate,  it  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  A.  subterna,  the  mv)st  common 
species  of  Aphidopsis.  Short  conical  markings  on  the  outer  sides  of  the  fifth 
visible  abdominal  segment  evidently  mark  the  posiiion  of  former  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  4""";  antenna-,  4™'";  fore  legs,  3.7™"';  femur,  1.6"""; 
tibia  and  tarsus,  2.1""" ;  middle  legs.  4"'"' ;  fennir,  1.3""" ;  tibi;i  and  tarsus, 
2.7""";  hind  legs,  3.5  ?""" ;  femur,  1.25  f™"';  tibia  and  tarsus,  2.25""'. 

Florissant.     One  specin.e;.,  Nos.  1(»44  and  4271. 

10.  ORYCTAPHIS  gen.  nov.  (opuwro?.  Aphis). 

Fore  wing's  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  froui  the  middle  of  the  exceed- 
ingly  long  and  fusiform  but  moderately  broad  stigma.  Cubital  vein  (by 
analogy  with  the  others)  twice  foi-ked,  the  first  time  very  far  from  its  origin 
(which  is  nearly  midway  between  tlie  ba.se  of  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic 
veins)  and  rather  before  than  behind  the  base  of  the  ciigmatic  vein  (the 
])late  is  wrong  in  this  respect),  the  .second  time  uncertain,  as  the  only  speci- 
mens are  not  well  preserved  here.  ?3econd  oblicpie  vein  arising  many  times 
nearer  the  first  oblique  than  the  cubital  vein,  ^50  that  the  first  disco. ual  cell 
narrow  at  base  is  several  times  wider  on  the  hind  margin.  Logs  moderately 
slender.     Abdomen,  as  far  as  can  be  seen,  relatively  long  and  slender. 

Table  of  the  apecies  of  Oryctaphis. 

Oblique  vein  sc.irccly  divergent  in  banal  lialf,  afterwards  dJHtinclly  divergent ;.  O.  recondita. 

Oblique  veins  us  divergent  in  bosal  as  in  apical  half 2.  O.  lemeuHi. 

1.  Oryctaphis  recondita. 
PI.  18,  Fig.  14. 

H  d  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  very  light.  Wings  apparently  rather 
mo  ;  U  «^^hree  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  postcostal  stout,  and  the  stigma 
vf-rv  *'I '^  gated.  First  oblique  vein  straight  and  parting  from  the  postcostal 
at  au    viigle  of  forty-five  degrees;  so  also  does  the  second  oblique  vein, 


IIKMIITKHA— HOMOPTEHx^.— APH1DK8. 


267 


which  arises  in  close  proximity  and  scarcely  diverges  from  the  other  in 
the  first  third  of  its  course  and  then  bends  outward,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  must  be  three  or  four  times  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  at 
the  base.  Cubital  vein  arising  four  times  as  far  from  the  second  oblique 
vein  as  it  is  from  the  first,  and  yet  not  quite  half-way  from  the  first  oblique 
to  the  stigmatic  vein ;  it  first  forks  only  a  little  less  than  half  way  to  the 
hind  margin,  and  no  second  furcation  can  be  seen,  as  the  wing  is  broken. 
The  stigmatic  vein  arises  opposite  the  first  furcation  of  the  cubital  vein  and 
curves  well  down  into  the  wing,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is  large,  but  its 
relative  length  can  not  be  determined. 

Length  of  body,  S.S"""  ;  wing,  6.25""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  4475. 


f 


2.  Oryctaphis  lesueurii. 

Head  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  exceedingly  pale.  Wings  apparently 
about  three  times  longer  than  broad,  the  ^  ostcostal  vein  very  heavy,  angu- 
lated  in  the  slightest  possible  manner  next  the  oblique  veins,  the  stigma 
very  long  and  slender.  The  first  oblique  vein  parts  from  the  postcostal 
at  an  angle  of  fifty-five  degrees,  and  is  faintly  sinuate ;  the  second,  aris- 
ing close  to  it,  is  arcuate  apically,  but  otherwise  straight,  and  parts  from 
tlie  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees,  so  that  the  discoidal  cell 
between  them  is  about  four  times  as  broad  along  the  hind  border  as  at  the 
base.  Cubital  vein  indistinct  at  base,  but  apparently  arising  four  times  as 
far  from  the  second  oblicpie  vein  as  this  from  the  first,  and  about  midway 
between  the  first  oblique  and  the  stigmatic  vein ;  it  first  forks  at  almost 
half-\.  ay  to  the  hind  border,  and  in  passing  to  that  its  first  fork  gradually 
approaches  the  second  oblique  vein.  The  stigmatic  vein  appears  to  arise 
about  half-way  between  the  two  furcations  of  the  cubital  vein,  but  no  mors 
can  be  said  of  it  from  its  imperfection  on  both  wings.  The  fore  leg.-*  are 
very  slender. 

Length  of  body,  4.5""";  wings,  5.5""";  fore  femora,  LI""';  fore  tibia; 
and  tarsi,  L5""". 

In  memory  of  the  early  American  paleontologist,  Charles  Alexandre 
Lesueur. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  9405. 


I 


268 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTE  AMEIUCA. 


h  i 


il 


'!    'I 


i 


11.  SYCHNOBROCHUS  gen.  nov.  (avxro?,  /3p6xo?). 

The  fore  wings  with  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  from  the  middle  of  the 
stigma  and  very  longitudinal.  Cuhital  vein  at  least  once  forked,  far  from 
base,  and  opposite  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  arising  nearly  midway 
between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins ;  beyond  it  is  too  poorly  pre- 
served in  the  only  specimen  known  to  be  certain  whether  it  forks  again  or 
not.  Pecond  oblique  vein  arising  four  times  as  near  the  first  oblique  as  the 
cubital  vein,  at  an  angle  of  less  than  forty-five  degrees  with  the  postcustal 
vein,  the  first  oblique,  which  is  nearly  parallel  to  it,  curving  outward  in  the 
latter  part  of  its  course,  so  that  the  first  discoidal  cell  between  them  is  exces- 
sively long  and  arcuate.  Abdomen  long  and  narrow,  narrower  than  the 
thorax,  twice  as  long  as  In-oad,  and  well  rounded  apioally. 

Sychkobrochus  keviviscens. 

Ph  18,  Pig.  6. 

One  of  the  very  smallest  of  the  Aphides,  unfortunately  showing  of  the 
appendages  only  one  wing.  The  head  and  prothorax  are  light  colored,  but 
darker  than  the  a})domen,  which  shows  darker  transverse  bands  on  the  pos- 
terior halves  of  the  segments.  The  wings  are  only  slightly  longer  than  the 
bodyf  the  abdomen  being  longer  than  usual),  perhaps  slightly  more  than 
three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  slender  postcostal  vein  parallel  throughout 
with  the  costa,  the  interspace  more  or  less  clouded  with  pigment,  the  stigma 
moderately  broad  and  very  long,  reaching  nearly  or  quite  to  the  extreme 
tip  of  the  wing.  The  oblique  veins  are  both  remarkably  long  and  of  nearly 
equal  length,  ciu'ving  outward  apically,  and  extending  so  far  that  even  the 
fir,st  terminates  well  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing ;  they  arise  close  together, 
the  first  at  an  angle  of  scarcely  more,  the  second  of  scarcely  less,  than  forty- 
five  degrees  wit.i  the  postcostal.  and  are  nearly  ])arallel,  the  discoidal  cell 
being  therefore  arcuate  and  about  two  or  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubi-lal  vein  is  faint  and  obscure,  apparently 
arising  at  a  little  less  than  half-way  from  the  first  oblique  to  the  siigmatic 
vein,  and  fom-  or  five  tiir.os  farther  from  the  second  oblique  than  it  from 
tlie  first  o1)lique  vein ;  its  first  forking  -an  not  be  satisfactorily  determined, 
but  it  appears  to  be  far  from  the  base  and  a  very  little  in  advance  of  the 
stigmatic  vein ;  it  has  the  same  sweep  as  the  oblique  veins.     The  stigmatic 


. 


#■ 


HBMIPTERA— nOMOPTKUA— AIMIIDES. 


269 


vein  arises  tolerably  early,  and  is  considerabl}-  airuate  ai  base,  afterwards 
longitudinal,  the  stignmtic  cell  being  nearly  or  quite  a  third  the  length  of 
the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  2.5'""' ;  fore  wing,  'i.?;')"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  .SI  4. 

Subfamily  SCHIZONEURIN/E  Passerini. 
12.  SCIIIZONKlIliOIDKS  IJuckton. 

Schizoiieuroidcii  liiivkl,,  Miiiiogr.  Urit.  Aphldu8,  IV,  17d  (1H8X) 

Fore  wings  with  the  postcostal  vein  distant  from  the  margin  and  curved 
in  an  opposite  sense.  Stignmtic  vein  arising  very  early,  near  the  proximal 
end  of  the  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  coll  is  fully  two-fifths  the 
length  of  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  once  forked  far  beyond  the  base  of  the 
stigmatic  vein,  and  at  a  long  distance  from  its  own  origin,  which  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic 
veins,  the  second  oblique  vein  arising  twice  as  near  the  first  as  the  cubital 
vein,  but  not  very  near  the  former,  though  somewhat  nearer  than  repre- 
sented on  the  plate,  diverging  from  it  at  a  slight  angle,  so  that  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  between  them  is  nearly  or  luite  four  times  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  base.  Abdomen  long  oval,  no  broader  than  the  thorax, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and  a  little  pointed  apically. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

SCHIZONEUROIDES   SCUDDERI. 


-  -«x-' 


PI.  18,  Fig.  2.     • 

Schitoneuroide*  ecudderi  Bnokt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  178,  PI.  133,  Fig.  r>  (1883) ;  Soudd.,  Zittel, 
Haiidl).  d.  Pala-ont.,  I,  ii,  780,  Fig.  988  (1885). 

The  greater  portion  of  a  l)ody  with  the  wings  of  one  side  represents 
this  small  species.  The  1)ody  is  mottled  and  barred  with  dark  brown.  The 
wing  is  represented  on  the  plate  with  altogether  too  full  a  hind  margin,  for 
the  wins:  is  reallv  more  than  three  times  as  long'  as  broad.  The  middle  of 
the  base  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  midway  between  the  base  of  the  wing 
and  the  stigmatic  vein.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight,  and  parts  from 
the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degreed ;  the  second  gently  sinuate,  "t  au 


4' 


teiir 


Irl 


270 


TE^TIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTH  AMEUIU. 


angle  of  fbrty-fi\e  degrees  with  tlie  same ;  the  discoidal  cell  about  four 
times  as  hroad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  forks 
about  at  its  middle  and  then  rather  widely. 

Length  of  body,  1.8'""';  of  fore  wing,  4"""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  315. 


13.  AMALANCON  gen.  nov.  (d/uahk,  dviccov). 

Head  consideraldy  narrower  than  the  thorax,  quadrate,  with  tlie  from 
triangularly  and  roundly  i)roduced  to  a  considerable  degree ;  no  frontal 
tubercles.  Antenna^  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  body,  tapering,  the 
third  joint  relatively  stout,  about  as  long  and  at  base  fully  as  stout  as  the 
fore  tibia-,  the  first  and  second  joints  not  oneiialf  broader.  Rostrum  as  long 
as  the  thorax,  very  slender.  Fore  wings  very  iiurrow,  with  the  otigmatic 
vein  arising  very  far  back  in  the  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
nearly  half  as  long  as  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  once  forked,  far  beyond  the 
base  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  and  a  long  way  fnun  its  own  origin,  which  is  at 
some  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and 
the  stigmatic  veins :  second  ()l)lique  vein  iarising  somewhat  nearer  the  first 
oblique  thim  the  stigmatic  vein,  diverging  iroiu  the  foruit-r  slightly,  so  that 
In  .'irst  diircoidail  rell  l)etweei]  them  is  ob^  two  or  thrtt;  time-^  as  broad  on 
the  hind  margin  as  at  the  baw- 

"The  Uiame  is  given  witk     itweiiu  to  ;je  weakness  of  the  cubital  vein, 
which  it  .shares  i»iitii  Aneonatms. 

A  .single  specie*  is  known. 


.1 


AmaLANCOF    LOTOfiUS. 
PI.  18,  Fig.  13. 

The  da^AarilHlfttflHBai  of  an  insect  are  all  that  remain  of  the  body 
fmrX  frf  tbe  ke^  snia  most  of  one  fiwe  wing.  The  thickened  post- 
vwn  is  very  a^giriijr  sinuous  and  blends  apically  into  the  stigma. 
ifii'st  oblifjue  vein  m  gtrwight  and  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees  with  the 
poatcostiii  ('second  aisr.  straight  and  .at 'an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees 
with  the  samu,  the  first  discoid*ti  cell  being  two  or  three  times  broader  on 
(he  hind  margin  than  at  the  base.     The  cubital  vein,  exceedingly  weak,  has 


HEMIPTE  K  A— UOMOPTEK  A— A  I'HI  IJE8. 


271 


a  coui'He  midway  in  the  spjice  between  tlie  second  oblique  and  stigmatic 
veins,  and  forks  about  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  stiguiutic  cell 
is  long  and  slender.  The  whole  wing  is  very  narrow,  but  its  exact  pro- 
portions are  uncertain ;  probably  it  is  more  than  three  times  as  long  as 
broad. 

Length  of  fore  wing,  2.75""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  340. 

14.  ANCONATUS  Huckton. 

Anconatui  Backt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  AphideH,  IV,  177  (lSfJ3). 

Head  rather  small,  subquadrate,  broader  than  long,  the  front  entire 
and  straight.  No  frontal  tubercles.  Antennje  apparently  much  shorter  than 
the  body,  very  slender,  separated  by  twice  the  width  of  the  basal  joint,  the 
first  and  second  joints  quadrate  and  successively  smaller,  the  third  half  the 
width  of  the  first.  Wings  narrow,  the  stigmatic  vein  arising  at  about  the 
middle  of  a  pretty  large  and  long  stigma,  so  that  the  stigmatic  cell  is 
generally  about  a  third  the  length  of  the  wing.  Cubital  vein  very  feeble, 
once  forked  before,  generally  considerably  before,  the  stigmatic  vein  and 
at  a  moderjite  distance  (limits  own  origin,  which  is  in  the  second  fourtli  ol 
the  space  betwe^.i  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins.  Second  oblicpie 
vein  arising  about  twice  as  near  the  first  oblique  as  the  cubital  vein,  diverg- 
ing considerably  from  the  first  oblique  vein  which  is  unusually  transverse, 
but  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  oniy  three  or  four  timos  as  broad  on  the  hind 
margin  as  at  the  liase.  Legs  moderately  stout  but  'i>ng,  the  middle  femora 
being  nearly  as  long  a*  the  width  ot  the  body  the  hind  femora  as  the  length 
of  the  abdomen.  Abdomen  stout  ovate,  considerably  broader  than  the 
thorax,  broadest  behind  the  middle,  somewhat  pointed  apically,  with  no 
Cauda,  and  only  short  cornicles. 


t 


Table  of  the  speoies  of  AnconatH$. 

Cubital  vein  forkinj;  a  lone  way  before  the  KiKnuitio  veto,  ami  arising  only  a  little  before  the  middle 
of  the  space  hot  ween  the  first  obliqne  and  stigmatic  VPine     1.  A.  dorauoatu. 

Cnbitnl  vein  forking  only  a  littli'  l)efore  the  stigmatic  vein  iiinl  very  far  from  its  origin,  which  is  at 
abont  the  middle  of  the  proximal  half  uf  the  space  betweeu  the  first  obliiiuc  and  stigmatii^  veins. 

2.  A.  bucktoni. 


•i 


i  'l 


in 


272  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

1.    AncONATUS   UOR8U08US. 

PI.  18,  Fig.  9. 

Anconatui  dortuoiu$  Biickt.,  Monogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  177-178,  PI.  133,  Fig.  4  (1883). 

This  large  species  is  represented  by  several  sijecimens,  all  tolerably 
complete  with  more  or  less  spread  wings.  In  all  the  body  is  uniformly 
dark,  but  in  none  is  the  form  of  the  wing  shown.  The  postcostal  vein  is 
more  or  less  slender,  and  merges  into  the  greatly  elongated  snbfusiforni 
stigma,  which  fades  out  shortly  before  the  tip  of  the  wing.  The  first  oblique 
vein  is  straight  and  parts  from  the  postcostal  at  an  angle  of  about  seventy 
degrees,  while  the  second  is  more  or  less  arcuate  after  a  short  distance  from 
the  base  and  its  general  course  is  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  with  the 
postcostal,  though  the  first  discoidal  cell  is  apparently  only  a  little  more 
than  three  times  as  broad  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  Cubital  vein 
arising  scarcely  before  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique 
and  stigmatic  veins  and,  running  midway  between  the  second  oblique  and 
Htigmatic  veins,  forking  at  some  distance  before  the  stigmatic  vein  (in  which 
the  figure  is  not  quite  correct)  and  at  about  the  end  of  one-third  of  its 
course.  Htigmatic  cell  very  slender,  the  stigmatic  vein  being  only  gently 
arcuate,  and  the  cell  nearly  a  third  the  len^Lh  (/f  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  6"'™  ;  of  fore  wing,  8""". 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  3228,  4827,  11175. 

2.  Anconatus  bucktoni. 

The  body  is  deep  black,  with  pale  blotches  on  the  abdomen  of  one 
specimen,  which  may  be  only  flaws  in  the  carbonaceous  matter.  Excepting 
the  wings  and  fragments  of  legs,  no  appendages  are  preserved,  unless  it  be 
one  of  the  cornicles,  a  slender,  equal,  not  very  long,  black  stem  protruding 
on  one  side  at  the  place  of  the  cornicle,  and  less  than  one-fourth  the  width 
of  the  abdomen.  The  form  of  the  wings  cin  not  be  determined,  but  a})par- 
ently  they  are  very  narrow.  The  postcostal  vein  and  stigma  are  tvs  in  A. 
dorsuosiis.  The  first  oblique  vein  is  straight,  and  diverges  from  the  post- 
costal at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees :  the  second,  equally  straight,  as  far  as  it 
can  be  seen  (not  over  one-half  its  couiise),  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees ;  the 
stigmatic  cell  not  wholly  determinate  but  perliaps  wider  at  base  than  in  A. 


i 


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HBMIPTERA—HOMOPTEBA -APHIDES. 


273 


dorsuosus  and  exceedinjjly  long-,  being  nearly  Iialf  as  lonjf  hh  tlio  wing. 
The  cubital  vein  arises  at  about  tiio  middle  of  the  proximal  half  of  the 
space  between  the  first  oblique  and  stigmatic  veins,  takes  a  course  in  the 
spaco  open  to  it,  a  little  below  the  middle,  and  forks  only  a  little  beforo  the 
stigmatic  vein,  far  from  its  base  and  very  low  down,  the  inferior  branch 
being  short. 

Length  of  body,  3.5"""  ;  of  fore  wing,  T.-'i"™. 

Named  for  my  friend,  George  Bowdlor  Buckton,  K.sq.,  whose  mono- 
graph of  the  British  Aphides  is  a  monument  of  patient  work. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2067,  14289. 


A 


15.  PTEROSTIGMA  Buckton. 

Pterotlignia  Duckt.,  Moiiogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  IV,  178  (1883). 

Head  and  antenna;  precisely  as  in  Anc^onatus,  excepting  that  the  basal 
antennal  joints  are  slenderer,  «<»  that  the  frontal  spaco  between  the  antennse 
is  several  times  their  width.'  Foti;  wings  exceptionally  narrow,  with  the 
straight  postcostal  vein  distant  from  the  convex  margin,  the  stigmatic  vein 
arising  before  the  middle  of  the  long,  curving  and  tapering  stigma,  so  that 
the  cell  Is  nearly  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  wing  (it  is  shorter  than  would 
appear  from  the  plate).  Cubital  vein  very  feeble,  once  forked  wtsU  before 
the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  and  at  no  very  great  distance  from  its  own 
origin,  which  Is  near  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  first  oblique  and 
the  stigmatic  veins.  Second  oblupie  vein  arising  close  to  the  first  and 
many  times  nearer  It  than  the  cubital  vein,  sinuous  and  diverging  from  the 
straigliter  first  oblique  vein  at  a  considerable  angle,  so  that  the  first  dlscoidal 
cell  between  them  is  about  four  timers  broader  on  the  hind  margin  than  at 
the  base.  I>egs  very  slender,  but  not  very  long.  Abdomen  pretty  regu- 
larly oval,  apically  rounded. 


Table  of  the  iipto(ea  of  Pterottigma. 

DaHeR  of  tliesecond  oblique  and  Htigiiiatio  veius  liitrdly  more  dintant  than  the  extreme  breadth  of  the 
wiii({ 1.  /'.  recurvum. 

HaHCR  nf  the  Hecond  obll(|iiu  and  Htif^matic  voius  more  than  half  ax  distant  again  an  the  extreme  breadth 
of  the  wiug '2.  I',  nigrum. 


'  What  Bncktun  took  for  a  rostrum  of  three  joints  is  a  broken  pare  of  the  right  nntenna. 
VOL  XIII 18 


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274 


TEHTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1.  Pterostioma  recurvum. 


PI.  18,  Fig.  18. 
Pterontigma  recurvum  Duckt,,  Monogr,  Brit.  AphidoH,  IV,  178,  PI.  133,  Fig.  6  (1865). 

A  single  spocimen  with  expanded  wings  lies  entangled  with  a  species 
of  Aphidinai  (Tephrapliis  walshii).  The  basal  joints  of  the  antenna)  are 
preserved,  and  show  the  characteristics  mentioned  undor  the  genus.  The 
fore  wings  are  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  scarcely  any 
fullness  along  the  hind  margin,  being  exceptionally  symmetrical.  The 
thickened  postcostal  vein  is  almost  straight,  with  the  slightest  possible  curve 
from  the  margin,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  blonds  into  the  exceedingly 
long,  slender,  and  arcuate  stigma,  which  curves  around  the  tip  of  the  wing 
nearly  to  the  middle  line  ;  the  costal  margin  is  considerably  arcuate  at  base 
and  distant  from  the  postcostal  vein.  The  oblique  veins  as  far  as  preserved 
are  nearly  straight  and  considerably  divergent,  but  the  second  is  only 
preserved  in  its  basal  half  or  third ;  it  diverges  from  the  postcostal 
about  forty  degrees,  the  first  as  much  as  fifty  degrees.  The  cubital  vein  is 
very  faint  throughout,  but  arises  about  six  times  as  far  from  the  second 
oblique  as  that  from  the  first,  and  at  only  a  short  distance  less  than  half-way 
from  the  first  oblique  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  it  has  a  very  longitudinal  course 
and  forks  narrowly,  well  before  the  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  and  at  from 
one-fourth  to  one-third  the  distance  from  its  origin  to  the  extremity  of  its 
lower  branch.  The  stigmatic  vein  parts  gently  from  the  stigma  and  for  most 
of  its  course  is  straight,  the  stigmatic  cell  being  narrow,  broadest  apically, 
and  nearly  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  wing.  The  openness  of  the  first  dis- 
coidal  cell  apically  can  not  be  determined,  but  seems  to  have  been  three  or 
four  times  as  broad  here  as  at  base.  The  abdomen  seems  to  be  oval,  scarcely 
broader  than  the  thorax,  and  shows  no  signs  of  cauda  or  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  ^'i.^"""  ;  of  fore  wing,  5.76""°. 

No  part  of  the  wing  is  displaced  by  pressure,  as  suggested  as  possibly 
the  case  by  Buckton ;  on  the  contrary  it  is  exceptionally  undisturbed ;  but 
as  drawn  on  the  plate  the  extreme  base  of  the  stigmatic  vein  is  not  given 
(and  is  in  reality  very  faint  and  only  visible  in  certain  lights),  while  the 
apparent  short  vein  close  to  its  base  is  foreign  to  the  wing.  The  obscure 
cubital  vein  was  overlooked  when  the  drawing  was  made. 

Florissant     One  specimen,  No.  8085. 


I 


IlKMIl'TIiKA— HOMOl'TKUA— l'8VLLII)it}. 


275 


i 


2.    PtEROSTIOMA    NIOKI'M. 

Only  tlio  body,  somcwlmt  distortod,  and  one  fore  wing  nro  preaorvod, 
wliii'li  do  not  peniiit  ho  conij  '"to  a  description  as  of  tlio  procedin}^  species. 
The  wing  appears  to  ho  uhout  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  with  the 
same  symmetrical  form  seen  in  the  preceding  species.  Tlio  postcostal  \  'in 
is  thick  ill  id  straight,  blending  into  the  considerably  thickened  stigma. 
The  oblicpio  veins  are  each  very  gently  arcnate  with  the  oj)ening  toward 
the  stigma,  unnsnally  obliqne  and  little  divergent,  the  general  course  of 
the  first  being  scarcely  more  than  forty-fix  o  degrees  with  the  postcostal, 
that  of  the  second  not  above  forty  degrees  ;  the  second  is  more  sinuous  and 
terminates  fully  as  far  out  as  oi)posito  the  ])ase  of  the  stigmatic  vein,  the 
first  opposite  the  base  of  the  cubital,  so  that  the  cell  is  at  least  four  times 
as  wide  on  the  hind  margin  as  at  the  base.  The  cubital  vein  is  very  faint, 
especially  toward  the  base,  but  arises  four  or  five  times  as  far  from  the 
second  oblique  as  the  latter  from  the  first  oblique  vein,  and  8(;u'cely  less 
than  half-way  from  the  first  o)  lique  to  the  stigmatic  vein  ;  it  has  an  exceed- 
ingly longitudinal  course  and  forks  very  narrowly  far  before  the  base  of 
the  stigmatic  vein,  but  just  how  far  the  single  specimen  does  not  permit 
deciding.  The  stigmatic  vein  parts  rather  rapidly  from  the  stigma  and  is 
strongly  arcuate  at  base,  but  the  form  of  the  stigmatic  cell  can  not  be  made 
out.  The  body  is  very  black  and  uniform  throughout,  the  abdomen  short 
ovate,  and  well  rounded,  with  no  sign  of  caudaor  cornicles. 

Length  of  body,  3.5™"' ;  of  wings,  5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Xo.  (JOOO. 


Family  PSYJLLIDyE  Latreille. 

This  little  family  of  leaf  fleas,  closely  allied  to  the  Aphides,  but  always 
winged  at  maturity  and  showing  some  curious  resemblances  in  neuration  to 
the  Psocidtc  among  Neuroptera,  seems  to  be  best  represented,  like  the 
Aphides,  in  temper.ite  regions.  Hitherto  it  has  not  been  found  fossil,  but 
the  shales  of  Florissant  lun'O  now  yielded  remains  of  two  species  belonging 
to  two  difierent  groups  and  representing  extinct  genera  allied  to  Psylla, 
Pachypsylla,  and  Psyllopsis. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  PtyUidw. 

Stem  of  the  cubital  vein  before  its  fork  as  luii;;  as  the  Htem  of  tlio  subcostal  vein 1 .  Necropiylla. 

Stem  of  the  cubital  voiu  before  its  fork  distinctly  shorter  than  that  of  the  subcostal  vein.. 2.  Catopiylla. 


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PholDgraphic 

Sderices 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAiH  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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276 


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i;  ;  :'' 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


1.  NFCROPSYLLA  gen.  nov.  (vexpi?,  Psylla). 


This  name  is  proposed  for  a  specied  belonging  to  the  subfamily  Apha- 
larinaj,  which  shows  a  close  resemblance  to  Psyllopsis.  As  there,  the  wing 
is  membranous.  The  petiolus  cubiti  is  of  the  same  length  as  the  discoidal 
part  of  the  subcosta,  and  the  general  relation  of  the  principal  nervnres  is 
the  same  ;  it  h  only  in  minor  details  that  it  differs  here,  such  as  the  excep- 
tional length  of  the  up})er  branch  of  the  subcosta  and  the  transverse  course 
of  the  lowest  branch  of  the  cubital.  But  the  most  striking  difference  is  in 
the  form  of  the  wing,  which  in  Psyllopsis  is  pretty  regularly  obovate,  the 
widest  part  of  the  wing  in  the  middle,  the  apex  well  rounded.  In  Necro- 
psylla,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  subtrinngular,  the  broadest  part  just  before 
the  apex,  which  is  very  broadly  rounded ;  both  upper  and  lower  margins 
are  nearly  straight.     Little  is  preserved  besides  the  wings. 

When  first  noticed  it  was  thought  to  belong  to  the  P-socidse,  near  Pso- 
quilla  and  Spha^ropsocus,  and  was  accordingly  figured  among  the  Neurop- 
tera. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


I 


I     1 


11 


Necropsyi.la  rigida. 

PI.  12,  Figs.  11,  21. 

Head  broad,  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long,  rounded,  the  nasus  strongly 
pronounced,  orbicular,  very  large.  Whole  body  stout,  the  prothorax  appai- 
ently  at  least  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  abdomen  tapering  a  little 
only,  and  furnished  at  the  tip  with  a  sliort,  slender,  conical,  bluntly  tipped 
style.  Wings  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  lu'oad,  wedge-shaped,  being 
largest  near  the  tip  and  narrowing  pretty  regularly  toward  the  base,  though 
more  rapidly  on  the  basal  third  than  bej'ond,  the  costal  margin  arched,  the 
tip  very  fully  rounded,  the  inner  margin  perfectly  straight.  A  principal 
vein  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  v  irig ;  at  the  end  of  the  first  third  it 
divides  into  two  forked  stems,  the  cul)ital  and  subcostal,  each  of  them 
forked  for  the  first  time  opposite  each  other  at  about  the  middle  of  tha 
wing ;  the  subcostal  forks  only  this  time,  its  upper  offshoot  curving  at  once 
up  toward  aiid  then  following  close  to  the  costal  margin,  where  it  descends 
into  the  apical  margin ;  the  cubital  runs  in  a  straight  course  midway 
between  the  former  and  the  veins  below.     The  lower  branch,  on  dividing. 


1-1  M 


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^\  >  . 


HEMIPTERA— HOJIOPTERA.— PSYLLIDiE. 


277 


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sends  one  offshoot  along  the  middle  of  the  vnng,  which  forks  at  a  little  more 
than  half-way  to  the  tip,  the  forks  curving  a  little  downward ;  the  other 
offshoot  parts  widely  from  the  upper,  but  when  it  nears  the  inner  margiti, 
at  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  it  is  connected  by  a  cross-  vein 
with  the  margin,  while  it  itself  passes  with  a  strong  curve  to  the  apical  mar- 
gin just  beyond  the  limita  of  the  straight  inner  margin.  Besides  these  veins 
there  are  two  others,  which  are  obscure  and  may  originate  independently 
or  from  this  central  vein  near  the  base ;  the  upper  strikes  the  upper  margin 
a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  runs  parallel  to  the  upper  offsnoot 
of  the  principal  vein  ;  the  other,  the  anal  vein,  which  is  more  uncertain, 
strikes  the  inner  margin  a  little  nearer  the  base,  reaching  it  with  a  similar 
bpt  reverse  obliquity. 

Length  of  body,  3""° ;  breadth,  0.75""" ;  length  of  wing,  2""" ;  breadth, 
0.78""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  310,  349,  7598,  12017. 

2.  CATOPSYLLA  gen.  nov.  (xaTW,  Psylla). 

Belongs  to  the  subfamily  Psyllinae,  in  which  the  petiole  of  the  cubital 
vein  is  distinctly  shorter  than  the  discoidal  portii^n  of  the  subcostal.  It  is 
most  nearly  related  to  Psylla  itself,  and  indeed  differs  from  it  only  in  the 
excessive  length  of  the  cubital  cells,  which  are  more  than  a  third  the  length 
of  the  wing,  and  besides  are  of  very  simple  and  similar  structure,  in  which 
respect  it  agrees  better  with  Pachypsylla,  recently  described  by  Riley, 
though  the  cells  are  not  so  long  as  there  and  the  two  sides  of  the  wing  are 
more  symmetiical  in  form,  the  apex  of  the  wing  falling  exactly  in  the  mid- 
dle line ;  the  upper  cubital  branch  falls  barely  below  the  middle  of  the 
apex  of  the  wing.  Tlie  wing  was  pretty  evidently  membranous,  and  its 
broadest  portion  is  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  before  which  it  decreases 
regularly  and  gently  in  size,  both  front  and  hind  margins  being  nearly 
straight. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Catopsylla.  prima. 

Wings  fully  twice  as  long  as  broad,  largest  in  the  strongly  rounded 
apical  half,  decreasing  rejnlarly  in  size  toward  the  base.  Lower  fork  of 
subcostal  vein  forming  with  its  stem  a  regular,  very  gently  arcuate  curve 
and  terminating  considerably  above  the  apex  of  the  wing,  its  upper  branch 


I 


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278 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA, 


i  i! 
it 


.! 


SI    ' 


divorging  from  it  angularly  toward  the  costal  margin  just  before  the  end  of 
the  proximal  third  of  the  wing,  and  just  before  reaching  the  margin  bend- 
ing abruptly  outward  parallel  to  the  lower  branch,  not  really  reaching 
the  margin  until  toward  the  apex  of  the  wing.  In  the  cubital  vein  the 
lowern)ost  fork  makes  a  continuoua,  regular  and  rather  strongly  arcuate 
curve  with  the  discoidal  portion,  striking  the  margin  just  before  the  middle 
of  the  wing ;  the  upper  branch  of  the  lower  fork  parts  from  this  just  about 
opposite  the  forking  of  the  subcostal,  while  the  upper  fork,  not  so  wide  as 
the  lower,  arises  at  three-fifths  tlie  distance  from  the  base  of  the  wing, 
making  the  inclosed  cell  of  unusual  length  for  Psyllida? ;  the  upper  branch 
of  this  fork  falls  scarcely  below  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  the  tips  of  the 
cubital  forks  fall  at  subequidistant  intervals  along  the  margin,  the  lower 
cell  the  wider. 

Length  of  body,  S"";  wing,  2.5""";  breadth  of  latter,  1.2"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  6712. 


I 


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Family  FULGORINA  Burmeister. 

This  family  is  fairly  well  represented  in  Tertiary  deposits  and  by  a 
considerable  variety  of  forms,  all  the  subfamilies  being  represented  except 
the  Tropiduchida,  Derbida,  and  Lophopida;  and,  what  is  curious,  each  of  the 
subfamilies  is  represented  both  in  European  and  American  strata,  excepting 
only  the  Issida,  confined  to  Europe,  and  the  Achilida,  found  only  in  Amer- 
ica, each  by  a  single  species,  the  one  in  Radoboj,  the  other  at  Florissant. 
In  Europe  the  Fulgorina  are  represented  by  Poeocera  in  amber,  the  Dictyo- 
pharida  by  Pseudophana  both  in  amber  and  at  Oeningen,  the  Cixiida  by 
Cixius  in  amber,  the  Del|)liacida  by  Asiraca  at  Aix,  the  Ricaniida  by  Rica- 
nia  in  amber,  and  the  Flatida  by  Flata,  also  in  amber.  The  only  one  of 
these  genera  recognized  in  America  is  Cixius,  and  that  doubtfully;  but 
these  subAimilies  are  fiir  better  represented,  and  in  some  instances  by  new 
and  peculiar  types.  ,  Thus  of  Fulgorida  we  have  Nyctophylax,  Aphana, 
Lystra,  and  Fulgora,  all  with  more  than  one  species,  from  various  locali- 
ties ;  of  Dictyopharida,  a  Dictyophara  from  Florissant ;  of  Cixiida,  not  only 
Cixius  but  Oliarus,  Diaplegma,  Oliarites,  and  Florissantia,  all  but  the  first 
peculiar  types  and  Diaplegma  with  no  less  than  seven  species— all  these  from 
Green  River  and  Florissant;  of  Delphacida,  Delphax,  and  Planophlebia, 
the  latter  a  remarkable  extinct  type  from  British  Columbia;  of  Ricaniida 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTEliA— FULGOltlNA. 


279 


I 


T 


Hammapteryx,  a  new  genus  frcm  Green  River ;  and  of  Flatida,  two  species 
of  Litliopsis  and  one  of  Ficarasites,  both  new  types  and  from  Green  lliver. 
America  is  therefore  far  richer  tlian  Europe  both  in  the  number  and  divei'- 
sity  of  its  fulgorine  fauna,  but  especially  in  tlio  latter.  About  half  the 
European  species  have  been  referred  to  Cixius  alone,  and,  as  we  have  seen, 
Diaplegma,  a  genus  of  Cixiida,  is  the  most  abundant  American  type. 

Subfamily  FULQORIDA  Stdl. 

This  groiip,  which  includes  among  its  members  the  lantern-fly  and 
other  light-giving,  or  presumably  light-giving,  insects,  has  heretofore  been 
found  fossil  only  in  amber,  three  species  of  Pccocera  having  been  described 
therein.  Now,  however,  we  are  able  to  add  from  the  American  I'ocks  a  con- 
siderable numb'jr  and  variety  of  forms,  referred  to  four  different  genera,  one 
of  them,  Nyctophylax,  extinct  and  composed  of  large  species  with  recurved 
snout. 

NYCTOPHYLAX  gen.  nov.  (^vvurocpvXa^). 

Large  bodied  insects,  nearly  allied  to  Enchophora.  The  head  pre- 
sented a  recurved  process  of  subequal  diameter  (as  seen  from  the  side)  and 
tolerably  stout,  exceeding  a  little  tlie  diameter  of  the  head  ;  it  was  directed 
upward  and  a  little  backward,  not  reaching  the  posterior  margin  of  the  head, 
very  bluntly  pointed,  laterally  carinate.  Legs  short  and  moderately 
stout,  the  hind  femora  not  surpassing  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  both 
femora  and  tibiae  apparently  carinate  or  tetraquetral  throughout.  Tegmina 
considerably  surpassing  the  abdomen,  densely  reticulate  in  the  apical  fourth 
only.    Type,  N.  uhleri. 

Table  of  the  speoiea  of  Nj/ctophylax. 

Larger  species  (tegmina  twenty  millimeters  in  longtli).  Extreme  tip  of  tbe  reonrved  process  of  tbe 
head  separated  from  thesiimmit  of  the  head  by  nearly  twice  its  own  greatest  diameter..  1.  N.  iMeri. 

Smaller  species  (tegmina  lifteen  millimeters  in  length).  Extreme  tip  of  the  recurved  process  of  the 
bead  8epnraf«d  from  the  summitof  the  head  by  not  more  than  its  own  gi^atest  diameter. .2.  .AT.  vigil, 

1.  Nyctophylax  uhleri. 
PI.  19,  Fi-.  11. 

This  is  one  of  the  larg-est  of  the  Homoptera  known  in  a  fossil  state,  and 
from  the  development  of  the  frontal  process  was  not  improbably  a  noctilu- 
cous insect.  It  is  preserved  on  a  side  view ;  the  fracture  of  the  stone  has 
removed  a  portion  of  the  front,  but  has  fortunately  left  intact  the  posterior 


280 


TEKTIAUY  INSH'JTS  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


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If 


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flli 


connection  of  the  process  to  the  vertex,  by  which  it  is  seen  to  be  here 
fibruptly  bent  backward,  but  at  the  same  time  upward,  so  as  to  leave  an 
annulate  opening  between  it  and  the  head.  The  head  is  streaked  with  pale, 
relieved  by  dark  along  the  incisures,  and  the  process  is  longitudinally  marked 
in  the  same  way,  the  carinai  being  dark.  The  tegnjina  are  broad,  expand- 
ing triangularly,  roundly  angulate  at  the  apex,  which  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
upper  half,  and  surpass  the  abdomen  by  about  one-fifth  their  length  ;  they 
are  dark  but  mottled  with  lighter  colors,  and  in  the  apical  reticulate  portion 
the  nervules  and  cross-veins  are  heavily  marked  with  white,  breaking  this 
part  of  the  wing  up  into  pretty  regular,  rectangular  and  longitudinal,  fulig- 
inous cells  of  very  equal  breadth,  but  varying  in  length  from  one  to  three 
times  their  breadth.  The  legs  are  dark,  marked  longitudinally  with  paler 
colors,  and  the  dark  abdomen  is  much  paler  in  broad  bands  at  the  incisures. 

Length  of  body,  20  ? "'"' ;  height  of  thorax,  7"'"' ;  length  of  process 
beyond  the  head,  3""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  20""" ; 
their  breadth,  8""";  length  of  fore  femora,  4"™;  tore  tibiaj,  O""';  hind 
femora,  5  5""" ;  hind  tibia?,  7""". 

This  striking  insect,  the  possible  light  bearer  of  the  ancient  Florissant 
nights,  is  named  for  my  friend  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler,  who  has  done  more  than 
any  one  else  to  illumine  the  path  of  the  student  of  Hemiptera  in  our  country. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11771. 

2.  Nyctopiiylax  vigil. 
PL  19,  Fig.  8. 

This  species  seems  to  differ  from  the  preceding,  so  far  as  can  be  seen, 
only  in  its  smaller  size  and  the  shorter  and  more  abruptly  recurved  process 
of  the  head,  the  apex  of  which  only  reaches  a  point  opposite  the  middle  of 
the  eye,  and  is  removed  from  the  summit  of  the  head  by  scarcely  its  own 
greatest  width.  Unfortunately  this  part  was  not  exposed  on  the  stone  when 
it  was  drawn,  and  the  front  of  the  specimen,  which  is  preserved  in  nearly 
the  same  position  as  in  that  of  N.  uhleri,  is  broken  to  almost  precisely  the 
same  extent  as  th^'-e.  The  markings  are  throughout  the  same,  excepting 
that  the  pale  bands  at  the  incisures  of  the  abdomen  appear  to  be  narrower. 

Length  of  body,  16""";  height  of  thorax,  4.5""";  length  of  process 
beyond  the  head,  1 2"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  0.9""" ;  length  of  tegmina, 
14.75"". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  12088. 


HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTEKA— I'ULGOltlNA. 


APHANA  Burmeister. 


281 


To  this  genua  are  provisionally  referred  a  couple  of  species  which 
belong  in  this  neighborhood,  but  probably  not  together.  No  other  extinct 
species  have  been  referred  to  this  group,  which  is  essentially  subtropical. 

Aphana  atava. 

PL  5,  Figs.  96,  97. 

Aphana  a'ava  Sondd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  Ill,  759-7C0  (1877). 

A  single  finely  preserved  specimen,  giving  the  upper  surface  of  the 
body,  the  displaced  tegmina  of  one  side,  and  a  part  of  the  middle  leg  of  the 
opposite  side,  is  referred  provisionally  to  Aphana.  It  plainly  belongs  to 
the  true  Fulgorina,  and  seems  to  agree  better  with  Aphana  than  with  any 
other  genus  concerning  which  information  is  at  hand,  but  it  is  much  smaller 
than  the  species  of  Aphana  (as  it  is  larger  than  those  of  Pceocera),  and 
differs  from  it  in  the  structure  of  the  head  and  the  brevity  of  the  tegmina. 
The  head  is  small,  being  scarcely  more  than  one-third  the  width  of  the 
body,  the  eyes  not  prominent,  the  front  scarcely  angulated,  and  the  vertex 
of  about  equal  length  and  breadth ;  it  is  marked  above  with  two  longitudi- 
nal blackish  stripes,  and  the  thorax  with  a  median,  and,  on  either  side,  a 
broad,  lateral,  black  stripe,  all  of  them  bordered  by  paler  parts  and  the 
median  marked  with  a  median  pale  line.  The  front  of  the  thorax  is  strongly 
and  regularly  convex,  and  the  posterior  border  of  the  mesonotum  is  rect- 
angular. The  tegmina  are  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  nearly 
parallel  borders,  the  tip  roundly  pointed ;  the  apical  fifth  is  filled  with  fine, 
closely  parallel,  longitudinal  veinlets,  extending  from  the  tip  of  the  radial 
vein  to  the  inner  border,  forming  an  area  of  equal  widtli  throughout.  The 
radial  vein  is  parallel  to  the  costa  throughout.  The  ulnar  veins  originate 
almost  exactly  as  in  Acrsephia,  but  the  upper  one  does  not  fork  before  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  when  it  sends  downward  a  single  shoot,  while  the  lower 
forks  almost  immediately,  and  again  emits  a  vein  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
wing.  The  wing  itself  is  apparently  diaphanous,  but  is  mottled  lightly  with 
faint  fuliginous  along  the  costal  border,  and  more  heavily,  but  irregularly, 
with  dark  fuscous  on  the  basal  half  of  the  wing,  especially  next  the  extreme 
base,  and  in  a  rather  broad  and  straight  but  irregularly  margined  and 
oblique  band,  crossing  the  wing  from  just  below  the  sutural  angle  equally 


mam 


282 


TEUTIAUY  INSliOTS  OF  NORTH  AMEltlCA. 


Hi 


u 


1*1 


m 


m 


i'l  ;i 
f  ' 

[l  ! 

lili 


backward  and  outward.  Middle  leg  moderately  stout ;  femur  and  tibia  of 
o(jual  width,  straight,  apparently  with  sharp  edges.  Abdomen  full,  rounded, 
broad,  the  extremity  broadly  rounded ;  it  is  dusky,  especially  beyond  the 
base,  the  neighborhood  of  the  spiracles  darker,  the  fifth  to  the  seventh  seg- 
ments with  a  medio-dorsal  (or  medio- ventral!)  raised  line  marked  in  black. 

Length  of  body,  9.5'"'" ;  breadth  of  head,  1.8""" ;  of  abdomen,  5""" ; 
length  of  tegmina,  10'"'";  width  of  same,  3.5'"'";  length  of  femora  some- 
wh.v^  doubtful),  2""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.    One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 

ApiIANA   ROTUNUIPENNIS. 

PI.  C,  Fig.  27. 

Aphana  rotundipennia  Sciidd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Googr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  772  (1878). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  couple  of  wings  which  seem  by  their 
obscure  venation  to  belong  in  the  same  group  as  the  last.  Tliey  differ,  how- 
ever, in  having  a  strongly  bowed  costa,  which  is  curved  more  apically  than 
near  the  base,  and  continues  very  regularly  the  curve  of  the  well-rounded 
apex ;  the  commissural  border  is  perfectly  straight ;  the  principal  veins  fork 
near  the  base,  so  that  there  are  a  number  of  longitudinal  veins  a  short  dis- 
tance therefrom ;  no  transverse  veins  are  discernible,  nor  oblique  veins  at 
the  costal  margin,  but  the  longitudinal  veins  all  fork  at  a  similar  distance 
from  the  apex,  so  that  the  apical  fi^.h  of  the  wing  is  filled  with  still  more 
numerous  longitudinal  veins ;  the  tegmina  are  broadest  just  beyond  the 
middle. 

Length  of  tegmina,  6.75'"" ;  breadth  of  same,  3'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  175  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson), 4187  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

LYSTRA  Fabricius. 

The  specimens  that  are  placed  here  are  very  obscure  and  imperfect, 
and  when  better  ones  are  obtained  the  species  will  very  probably  have  to 
be  removed  elsewhere,  and  perhaps  even  to  another  subfamily  ;  but  what 
can  be  made  out  reminds  one  of  this  group  as  well  as  of  any  other,  and 
they  are  therefore  placed  here  provisionally,  though  it  is  plain  that  they  do 
not  belong  together.     No  fossil  species  besides  these  have  been  recorded. 

Table  of  the  ipecka  of  Lyatra. 

Lateral  sulci  of  mesonotum  parallel j,  £_  richardaoni. 

Lateral  sulci  of  mesouotum  posteriorly  conyorgent a.  /,.  le«i. 


«» 


-<  i 


|«  til 
'1 1 


HEMIPTEKA— UOMOPTEBA— FULGOKINA. 


283 


«» 


1.   Lystra?  KICHAKDSONI. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  24,  30,  31;  PI.  7,  Figs.  1,  3. 
Lyitrat  rUhardtoni  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  772  (1878). 

I  have  before  me  a  number  of  specimens  of  a  large  fulgorid,  r2)par- 
ently  belonging  near  Lystra  and  Poeocera,  but  which  have  been  preserved 
only  in  a  fragmentary  condition.  Enough,  however,  remains  to  show 
several  features :  the  vertex  between  the  eyes  is  half  as  broad  again  as  the 
eyes,  and  at  least  as  long  as  broad,  projecting  beyond  the  eyes  by  more 
than  the  diameter  of  the  latter  and  well  rounded.  The  scutellum  is  largo, 
fully  as  long  as  broad.  The  longitudinal  veins  of  the  tegmina  are  rather 
infrequent,  forking  rarely,  and  even  toward  the  apex  seldom  connected  by 
cross-veins ;  apparently  all  the  principal  veins  branch  at  about  the  same 
points,  viz,  near  the  middle  of  the  basal  and  of  the  apical  half;  the  teginina 
somewhat  surpass  the  abdomen.  The  body  is  broadest  at  the  second  or 
third  abdominal  segment,  and  tapers  rapidly  to  a  point,  the  segments  being 
equal  in  length. 

Length  of  body,  16""°;  probable  length  of  tegmina,  15.5°"";  breadth 
of  abdomen,  5.5""°. 

Named  for  one  of  the  earliest  collectors  of  Green  River  fossil  insects, 
Mr.  F.  C.  A.  Richardson. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Eleven  specimens,  Nos.  G7,  110  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  40,  41,  109  (L.  A.  Lee),  121,  123  (A.  S.  Packard),  4076,  4207 
and  4208,  4212,  4217  (S.  H.  Scudder). 


2.  Lystea?  leei. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  2. 

A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  same  size  and  general  form  as  L. 
richardsoni,  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  dorsal  view  with  the  greater  jjart  of 
at  least  one  of  the  diaphanous  tegmina  and  the  thorax,  but  not  the  head  nor 
other  appendages.  The  mesonotum  was  broad  and  well  rounded  in  front, 
contracted  behind,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  interior  third  of 
each  lateral  half  separated  by  a  straight  oblique  sulcus  from  the  parts  with- 
out, as  deep  as  the  median  sulcus,  and  apically  curving  abruptly  inward  to 
it;  scutellum  moderately  large,  truncate  basally,  triangular  and  almost 
equiangular,  the  apex  produced  finely  to  a  point,  the  sides  slightly  concave. 


Il 

i .  i 

i: 

1  > 

I 

•  *.'■ 
\  ■.'■ 

E 

284 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Tegmina  somewhat  surpassing  the  abdomen,  the  longitudinal  veins  in 
general  much  as  in  L.  richardsoni.     Abdomen  much  as  there. 

Length  of  fragment,  11.5"'"^,  probable  length  of  body,  10""" ;  length  of 
tegmina,  10.25""";  breadth  of  abdomen,  5.25'"'. 

Named  for  Prof  Leslie  A.  liee,  of  Bowdoin  College,  a  diligent  collector 
of  Green  River  fossil  insects. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  119,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

FULGORA  Linnd. 

The  species  placed  here  are  so  referred  only  because,  appearing  to 
belong  to  the  subfamily  of  which  this  is  a  typical  member,  they  can  not  bo 
more  definitely  placed.  No  other  fossil  insects  have  been  referred  to  this 
place. 

FULOORA   GRANULOSA. 
PI.  0,  Fig.  35. 
rilgora  granufoaa  Scmld.,  Hull.  V.  S.  Geol.  Googr.  Surv.  Turr.,  IV,  771-77-2  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  show  only  the  thorax  and  abdomen 
of  an  insect  belonging  to  the  subfamily  of  Fulgorida,  but  of  which  little 
more  can  be  said.  Tiie  thorax  is  large,  globose,  and  black ;  the  scutellum 
is  about  iialf  as  large  as  the  thorax,  longer  than  broad,  and  rounded  at  the 
apex ;  the  abdomen  tapers  gently,  its  apex  about  half  as  broad  as  its  base, 
and  is  provided  with  a  pair  of  overlapping,  black,  roundish,  oval  plates, 
giving  the  appearance  of  an  additional  segment.  The  surface  of  the  thorax 
and  abdomen  is  thickly  and  uniformly  granulate  with  circular,  dark-edged 
elevations,  averaging  0.04"'°'  in  diameter ;  the  scutellum  lacks  this  marking, 
excepting  at  the  edges,  which  are  more  minutely  and  profusely  granulate. 

Length  of  body,  8.5'""';  of  thorax,  2.75"'";  of  scutellum,  1.4™"';  of 
appendages,!""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5'°'" ;  of  scutellum,  1.25'"°' ;  of  second 
segment  of  abdomen,  2.2"'"*. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  49  and  131  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson). 

FuLGORA   POPULATA. 
PL  7,  Fig.  16. 

The  dorsal  view  of  a  headless  insect  with  overlapping  wings  but  no 
other  appendages.  The  mesonotum  is  transverse,  about  three  times  as 
broad  as  long,  posteriorly  truncate,  anteriorly  broadly  rounded  so  as  to  be 


,!  I 

"i 


I,' 


m 


HBMirrBUA— UOMOPTKKA— FULOOUINA. 


285 


only  one-fourth  as  long  on  the  aidos  as  in  tho  middle,  tlio  surface  smooth  or 
microscopically  scabrous,  witli  exceedingly  scattered,  pale,  circular  spots  or 
pustules  about  0.03"""  in  diameter.  Scutellum  large,  nearly  as  broad  as  tho 
raesonotum,  and  almost  three-fourths  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides  slightly 
concave,  the  apex  produced  and  pointed,  the  surface  similar  to  that  of  the 
pronotum  but  with  fewer  pustules  Base  of  the  tegmina  and  particularly 
of  the  clavus  apparently  very  finely  granulate,  the  neuration  obscurely 
preserved,  the  tegmina  apparently  just  reaching  the  tip  of  tlie  abdomen. 

Length  of  fragment,  7"'"' ;  of  mesonotum,  O.C""" ;  breadth  of  same, 
1.7"'"';  of  abdomen,  2.8"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  Ill,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

FULGORA   OBTICESCENS. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  1. 

A  small  specimen  appearing  to  belong  in  this  subfamily,  though  cer- 
tainly not  in  Fulgora,  in  which  it  is  placed  only  in  its  ancient  broad  sense. 
A  dorsal  view  is  presented,  showing  little  besides  the  body  and  some  of  the 
veins  of  the  tegmina,  which  reached  to  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen.  The 
head  was  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  The  thorax  was  large  and  rounded 
subquadrate,  tho  scutellum  also  large  and  rather  bluntly  angled  posteriorly, 
the  abdomen  lighter  colored  than  the  rest  of  the  body  and  conico-fusiform 
with  broad,  pale  incisures.  The  fore  legs  were  slender  and  linear,  and  the 
longitudinal  veins  of  the  diaphanous  tegmina  rather  distant  with  scanty 
cross-veins. 

Length  of  body,  4""" ;  greatest  breadth,  1.25"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No,  12069. 

Subfamily  DICTYOPHARIDA  St&l. 

A  considerable  group  of  mostly  tropical  forms,  of  which  the  only  known 
fossil  species  are  those  mentioned  below. 

DICTYOPHARA  Germar. 

Two  species  of  Pseudophana  Burmeister,  regarded  by  Stal  as  the  same 
as  this  genus,  have  been  described  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  one  from 
immature  specimens  in  amber,  the  other  a  winged  insect  from  Oeningen. 
The  species  added  below  is  placed  in  this  genus  as  typical  of  Dictyopha- 


\ 


ill! 


.  1 

i 

l. 

i 

286 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ridii,  to  which  tho  insect  appoiirH  to  belong.  Tho  genus  is  now  coniintMl  to 
warm  countries,  hut  is  found  in  hotli  worlds,  lleor  compares  tho  Ooningon 
fossil  to  a  species  found  living' in  Georgia. 

DiCTYOPHABA    KOUVEI. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  10. 

A  pair  of  specimens,  hoth  seen  upon  a  side  view,  which  appear  to 
l)oloiig  together.  Head  not  protuberant  in  front  of  the  eyes,  well  rounded. 
Rostrum  reaching  to  tho  base  of  the  posterior  legs;  it  is  poorly  represented 
on  the  plate  in  a  too  curved  line.  Dorsum  of  thorax  well  arched.  Legs 
moderately  long  and  of  medium  stoutness.  Tegmina  four  times  as  long  aa 
broad,  surpassing  a  little  the  length  of  the  body,  rather  slender  and  sub- 
e(iual,  tho  apex  subacute,  obliquely  subtrunciito  below.  Wings  ample,  tho 
veins  of  tho  anal  area  divergent,  arcuate,  apically  distant,  the  outermost, 
tailing  on  the  border  at  the  middle  of  tho  apical  half  of  the  wing,  narrowly 
and  very  deeply  forked. 

Length  of  body,  14""" ;  height  of  same,  4.5™"' ;  length  of  tegmina,  12'""' ; 
breadth  of  same,  3"'"' ;  length  of  rostrum,  4  5"'"'. 

Named  for  the  Boston  geologist,  Thomas  T.  Bouve,  Esq. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  126,  4348. 


■(  .'■  '■ 


Snbfamilj'^  CIXIIDA  Stal. 

About  a  third  of  the  fossil  Fulgoridjc  of  Eiu'ope  have  been  referred  to 
this  subfamily.  They  are  all  from  amber  and  are  considered  as  species  of 
Cixius.  To  this  we  can  now  add  from  American  rocks  twelve  species  of  at 
least  five  genera,  three  of  them,  Oliarites,  Diaplegma,  and  Florissantia, 
regarded  as  extinct  types.  They  all  belong  in  the  vicinity  of  Cixius  and 
Oliarus,  and  one  of  them,  Diaplegma,  has  as  many  as  seven  8i)ecie8.  The 
modern  species  of  this  group  appear  to  bo  world  wide  in  distribution. 

CIXIUS  Latreille. 

To  this  genus  as  typical  of  the  subfamily  only  two  forms  are  here 
placed,  which  can  hardly  belong  in  the  same  generic  group.  Many  fossil 
species  are  known  in  amber,  but  none  from  the  rocks  have  before  been 
referred  here.  Both  the  82)ecie8  here  described  and  figured  are  very  imper- 
fect. 


ill 

m 


UEMiriEUA— IIOMOPTEKA— FULGOUINA. 


2S7 


ClXIUel    IIK8PKRIDUM. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  10. 

Cixiiitt  kttperidum  Scndd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Ooogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  77^-77:1  (1878). 

A  single  fragment,  reproHenting  ii  nearly  ])erfoct  tognien,  with  obscure 
venation,  is  probably  to  bo  referred  to  Gixius,  but  is  unsatisfactory ;  the 
costal  border  is  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  tip  w(fll  rounded,  with  no 
projecting  apex  ;  the  tegnien  appears  to  increase  very  slightly  in  size  to  a 
little  beyond  the  middle,  up  to  whicu  point  the  borders  are  nearly  parallel ; 
the  course  and  branching  of  the  iiervures,  so  far  as  they  can  be  nuide  out, 
seem  to  indicate  an  insect  allied  to  fixius,  but  no  cross-veins  can  be  seen 

Length  of  tegmen,  G.2""" ;  its  greatest  breadth,  2.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  38,  F.  C.  L  Richardson. 

ClXIua?   PROAVUS. 

ri.  19,  Fig.  14. 

An  Insect  apparently  allied  not  distantly  to  Florissantia  olegans  and 
but  little  smaller  than  it,  but  w'th  considerable  difference  in  the  neuration 
of  the  tegmina.  The  head  is  not  preserved,  but  mu.st  have  been  at  least  as 
narrow  as  there,  the  thorax  being  transverse  but  triangular  and  longer  than 
in  Florissantia,  although  its  apex  is  angularly  einarginate,  receiving  the 
broadly  angled  base  of  the  very  large,  otherwise  triangular  scutollum.  which 
has  a  fine  mesial  sulcation.  Tegmina  surpassing  the  abdomen  moderately, 
with  no  pterojtigma,  the  first  cross-veins,  at  which  the  longitudinal  veins 
are  forked  and  new  cells  arise,  crossing  the  middle  of  the  apical  two-thirds 
of  the  wings,  beyond  which  point  the  longitudinal  veins  run  unforked  to  the 
margin,  so  that  there  are  but  a  basal  and  an  apical  series  of  cells,  the  latter, 
about  eight  in  number,  striking  tlie  apical  margin ;  there  appear  to  be  a 
few  dusky  spots  in  the  middle  of  these  apical  cells. 

Length  of  body  as  preserved,  10™"';  breadth  of  same,  3.1  F)"""  ■  length 
of  tegmina,  10.5"""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1.70.5,  Princeton  Expedition. 

OLIARUS  Stal. 

A  single  species  is  referred  here  provisionally  to  indicate  its  apparently 
nearest  alliance  among  living  forms.  The  genus  has  never  been  found 
fossil,  but  all  of  the  known  fossil  Cixiida  are  nearly  allied  to  it 


1   1 

1  !i 


(  : 


'ni' 


i 


'  I 
u 


;  \n 


111     Iv 


if' 

M*ritr 

r 

m 


1 

1 

i 

a 

288 


TEKTIAilY  INSIiCTS  OF  NOliTH  AMERICA. 


OmARUsI   LUTKN8I8. 
J^l.  7,  Fig,   18. 

Tho  spocioH  plarod  horo  provi.-i-onally  can  cortaiiily  not  boloHjjf  horo,  Jis 
tlio  Kcutolliiin  is  only  tricariiiato,  ami  the  voins  of  tlio  tofjfiuiiia  aro  .snunilh 
and  f.ontiiiiious.  Kvidoutly,  howovtM-,  it  roiiu's  near  it,  to  jmlgo  from  tlio 
course  ot"  tho  viMiation.  TIki  IkvuI,  of  wliicli  only  tlio  jjart  lying  botwoon  the 
eyca  is  preserved,  is  very  small  and  narrow,  little  prominent;  the  thorax, 
not  properly  shown  in  the  plate,  transverse,  eijua',  short,  angidarly  ber.t,  so 
that  the  bai.o  of  the  sniitelliim  being  almost  as  strongly  angulato  as  its  tip, 
the  KcntelliMu  is  dvunond-i.haped ;  it  has  three  v(>ry  doru^ato  carituv,  the 
Iat"riil  ones  divergent.  The  tegmina  arc  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  con- 
siderably surpassing  tho  abdomeii,  diapl  anoiis,  with  a  dusky  roundish  spot 
just  below  the  costal  edge  in  ihennddleof  ilie  apical  two-thirds;  just  before 
it  th<^  main  longitiulinal  veins  (irst  fork  and  aro  united  by  cross-veins  in  a 
zig;-ag  nianniM',  and  the;,  again  fork  and  are  to  sonui  extent  again  united 
liulf  way  from  here  \o  tlu^  tip. 

Length  of  body,  (!""" ;  breadth  (^f  scutellum,  l.Tr)""" ;  lengtli  of  tegmirm, 

n  b)  ,-.11)1)1 

Green  Hi\or,  Wyoming.     Ono  specimen,  No.  112,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

Possibly  in  tiiis  viciniiy  should  be  placed  the  wings  lignred,  PI.  7,  Fig. 
10,  which  from  their  obscurity,'  and  because  of  Mieir  being  longitudinally 
folded  I  am  tumble  to  place  definitely. 

DTAPLl'^GMA  gen.  nov.  (i^itiTrXeyjja). 

This  iia:.u>  is  given  to  an  extiiu-t  grouj)  of  Cixiida  allied  to  Cixius  and 
Oliarus  with  peculiar  neuration.  The  insects  are  <mall  and  sleiider  bodied, 
with  protuberant,  pointed  head,  antennae  apparently  muv'h  as  in  Liburnin,, 
a  genus  of  I  )elphncida.  long  and  slender  legs,  and  elongate  wings  largest 
in  the  midiUe  of  the  apical  half  or  even  third,  with  strongly  ami  regularly 
rounded  apex.  1'ho  sutura  clavi  is  very  long,  ami  the  anal  veins  unite  in 
oim  far  before  their  tip;  the  radial  vein  forks  near  the  middle  of  tho  witig, 
and  each  of  the  forks  sends  at  its  tip  a  cluster  of  two  or  three  curved  inde- 
pendent branches  to  the  costal  margin  far  out ;  tho  two  iduar  branches, 
w)iich  separate  close  to  the  base  of  the  wing,  ustially  fork  farther  out  than 
the  radial,  the  upper  branch  of  the  fork  of  the  upper  ulnar  vein  just  strikii:^ 


1 


I 


IIKMll'TKilA—llOMOrrKllA— FUIAIOUINA.  285) 

tho  uj)ox  of  tho  vf'u^g,  tlio  lower  branch  crossing  tho  uj'pcr  brancli  of  the 
fork  of  the  lowor  nhiiir  vt'in  ami  roforkiiijif  hctwoon  tho  forks  of  tiio  hittor  in 
a  somewhat  peculiar  niiiMiier,  souiotinies  connected  hy  cross-veins  to  the 
lowi'r  branch  of  the  lower  ulnar  fork;  tho  lower  ulnar  branch  forks  a  little 
earlier  than  the  upper  and  directly  opposite  tho  end  of  the  united  anal 
veiiu--,.  Venation  of  hind  win<fs  so  far  as  si'on  n  {jfood  deal  as  in  Cixius,  but 
the  foikiuji^  of  tho  upper  veins  beyond  the  cro?s-veitis  is  so  deep  as  to  run 
fairly  up  to  these  cross-veins. 

Seven  species  are  recognized  in  our  Tertiary  deposits. 

Table  of  lh»  »p»oirii  of  Diaiilegma. 

'rii(>  two  iiijiiii  lintiuilicn  of  llin  iiliiur  .mIii  f>irkiii){  di^:!:?!!  tly  fitrllixr  out  tlmn  t\w  drat  radinl  fiircntion, 

A|ii<'nl.  riiiliiil,  nnd  Mliiiir  viMiititiN  ri<ii-'li'i:ig  tlin  mnrKiti  in-iOvo  iii  iiiiml)i>r t.  /),  hahhmani, 

Apicnl,  ruiliikl,  luiil  iiliiiir  voiiilrlH  ri>ii(-liiii|t  tint  iiiitr;;iii  not  over  ton  in  iiiiiiilicr. 
li;i|K  r  ulnar  lintnch  iliMtini'tl.v  <<iHtMrlio<l  in  oonrMi  ut  iit  lirat  fnrriition. 

l'|>|ii<r  lurk  III' lor/or  nliuir  \i'iu  piiwiinK  in  »  <MmliiinonH  anil  ri>);nlikr  onrvoiiiToHH  tlu>  npprr 

ulnar  lirii^M^hoti  to  I'm  niar){;:i M.  />.  rrlrrancrnii. 

lT|>|i«r  fork  ol'  lower  nliuir  vrin  inti'rrn|iti<il  in  itn  ri'^nliir  oonrHo  \vli<>n  it  imim'In  tlio  nppor 

niniir  liriinrhiH :i.  /).  nhiliiclum, 

Tppcr  niniir  Imincli  witli  itt  iijiprr  fork  irnkkin^  »  iinnlinnons  or  nlinimt  runllnnoMH  lino,  nnilo- 
vinthi);  <n  conrMn. 

T>>K>nlnii  noiirl.v  tliri<o  tinicM  nn  lnnf{  hh  bronil ^.  />.  vtuerahilt, 

Tc);'.ninu  ni'itrly  in'  qnito  four  tinics  iim  \»t\\i  iih  lironil, 

("ioHN-voins  nnitiiiK  Hi"  nliiiir  lirnnelioH  I'oniiilorulily  fnrllior  fi-om  tlio  npox  of  the  winu 

tliiin  tho  liri'jiilth  of  llin  \\\\\n  wln-ro  tiM'j  iimir ii.  />.  ocrullorum. 

CriiH.i'Vi'inN  niiititiK  I'lo  ii'.iinr  lintni'lifs  only  ns  fur  fioin  tUn  aprx  of  tlii<  wln^  uh  tlin 

Willi li  of  tli'i  winu  >vlii'ro  tln>y  orviir (!,  />.  riiiHomim. 

The  lower  ninnr  vrin  forking  ahniMt  exnrtly  oppoNilo  tlin  fiiroatii'n  of  the  rniliiil 7.  /),  nhitormitiim, 

t.    DlAPI.EOMA   IIALDKMANI. 

The  anteiuuv  are  about  as  long  as  tho  tricarinate  scutelluni.  iiio  teg- 
niiiiH  are  about  thri  e  nnd  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  witli  very  straight 
costii,  largest  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  third,  scarcely  narrowing  baseward 
The  radial  vein  forks  eAiu'tly  at  the  middle  «>f  the  wing,  the  lowt^r  ulnar 
branch  at  some  distance  beyond ;  the  upper  radial  branch  is  two,  tlm  lowtu* 
three  forked,  sMice  the  tirst  of  its  forks  again  subdividi  .j.  Opposite  the 
furcation  ot  tlie  u|)pcr  radial  branch  tlm  upper  ulnar  branch  forks  w'dely, 
its  upper  branch,  an  unusual  circumstance  and  perhaps  iiidividuiil,  forking 
narrowly,  its  lowt^r  crossing  to  the  centor  of  tlu^  lower  ulnar  fork,  where  it 
tlividi's  in  two,  the  upper  branch  again  forking,  but  there  is  no  connection 
with  the  lowermost  ulnar  nervule. 

Length  of  body,  4""";  .>f  tegnuna,  4.1.^)"'"';  width  of  same,  l.ir)"""; 
length  of  fore  til>ia',.l""" ;  tarsi,  OA'i""'\  ^ 

VOL  XIII li) 


290 


TKRTIAHY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMBKICA. 


!      1  I 


'Hi 


II 


In  memory  of  tlie  pioneer  American  naturalist  and  philologist,  the  late 
Samuel  Stelunan  llaldeman,  Est-. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2237.  '    ' 

2.    DiAPLEOMA   VETERA8CENS. 

There  is  hut  a  single  specimen  of  this  species,  but  in  it  one  of  the  teg- 
inina  is  admirably  preserved.  These  are  a  little  more  than  three  times  as 
long  as  broad,  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  before  which  they 
narrow  very  regularly  and  very  gently,  and  beyond  wuich  the  apex  is 
rather  sharply  rounded,  'i  he  radial  vein  first  forks  at  just  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  the  lower  ulnar  at  some  distance  beyond  it ;  there  are  three 
clustered  forks  to  the  upper  radial,  two  to  the  lower,  and  the  cells  formed 
by  them  are  rather  slender  though  short.  The  upper  ulnar  branch  and  its 
upper  fork  are  distinctly  bent  where  they  join,  and  the  lower  fork  crosses  to 
the  center  of  the  lower  ulnar  fork  and  there  divides  in  two,  without  con- 
tinuing to  the  lowermost  ulnar  nervule. 

Length  of  body,  4.5"™;  tegmina,  4.2""";  width  of  same,  1.3°"°. 

Florissant,     One  specimen,  No.  10680. 


Vf 


K'i ' ;  \. 


li  li 


i 


3.    DiAPLEGMA   ABDUCTUM. 
PI.  15,  Fig.  8. 

The  tegmina  of  this  species  are  less  tiian  three  and  a  half  times  longer 
than  broad,  very  uMitormly  rounded  at  the  apex,  the  costal  and  inner  bor- 
ders almost  exactly  parallel  in  the  outer  half  before  the  tip  and  straight. 
The  radial  vein  first  forks  at  just  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  lower 
ulnar  scarcely  before  the  end  of  the  middle  third  ;  there  are  three  clustered 
forks  to  the  upper  radial,  the  last  one  very  strongly  arcuate  at  base,  but 
not  connected  by  a  cross -vein  to  the  lower  radial,  which  has  two  forks,  and 
all  thoir  cells  are  short  but  slender.  The  relation  of  the  ulnar  branches  to 
each  other  ib  peculiar:  the  upper  ulnar  branch  is  simply,  symmetrically, 
and  narrowly  forked  as  far  beyond  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing 
as  the  lower  ulnar  before  it ;  the  adjacent  forks  of  the  two  branches  are 
now  united  by  a  c  tss-vein  immediately  beyond  the  furcation  of  the  upper 
idnar,  the  two  forks  are  angulated  at  the  point  of  touch,  and  this  croas-vein, 
slightly  shifted  outward,  runs  as  a  longitudinal  vein  through  the  middle  of 


UEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— PULGORINA. 


291 


the  lower  ulnar  cell,  and  is  apparently  united,  immediately  after  its  depart- 
ure, to  the  lowermost  ulnar  branch  Ijy  a  cross-vein  parallel  to  the  base  of 
the  upper  fork  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch. 

Length  of  body,  4.8""';  tegmina,  4.1"'"';  breadth  of  latter,  1.25°'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  31&. 

4.    D/APL.EGMA  VEN«RABILE, 

.  Two  specimens  of  this  species  show,  one  a  side,  the  other  a  dorsal, 
view.  Tiie  tegmina  are  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  costal  bor- 
der more  than  usually  arcuate,  which  has  the  effect  of  shortening  the  wing. 
The  radial  vein  first  forks  woU  before  tiie  middle  of  the  wing,  and  the  lower 
ulnar  branch  only  a  little  beyond  the  niidd'e ;  the  upper  radial  is  three, 
the  lower  two-branched,  the  cells  made  by  them  moderately  broad.  The 
upper  ulnar  vein  rinis  in  a  straight  line  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  oppo- 
site the  first  fork  of  the  upper  radial  branch  sends  a  cross-vein  to  the  upper 
fork  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch,  crossing  it  and  emitting  in  the  middle  of  the 
cell  of  the  latter  a  couple  of  approximated  veins,  running  longitudinally,  but 
it  can  not  be  seen  to  continue  to  the  lowermost  fork  of  the  ulnar. 

Length  of  body,  3.7.5™"' ;  of  tegmina,  S.?"" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.2'"'" ; 
length  of  hind  tibico,  LSf)'"™.    . 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2161,  4824. 

5.    DiAPLEGMA    OCCULTORUM. 

The  fore  teinora  laterally  mesially  carlnate.  Tegmina  nearly  four  times 
as  long  as  broad,  slightly  broader  on  the  apical  than  the  basal  half  The 
radial  br.iiiches  just  below  the  middle  of  the  wing,  its  branches  rather 
distant,  the  upper  thrbe,  the  lower  two-branched,  striking  the  costal  margin 
over  a  little  more  than  the  apical  fourth  of  the  wing.  Tiie  ulnar  veins 
divide  close  to  the  base  of  ti.o  wing  and  sc.trcoly  diverge,  tlio  upper  branch 
exactly  midway  becween  the  lower  branch  and  the  radial  vein,  and  scarcely 
or  not  at  all  disturbed  in  running  straiglit  to  the  apex,  its  lower  member  act- 
ing more  as  a  cross-vein,  about  opposite  the  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi,  uniting 
it  to  the  upper  fork  of  the  lower  branch,  and  crossing  in  a  bent  arcuate  line 
to  the  lower  forlc,  emitting  midway  and  approximately  two  subforks,  and 
then  bending  upward  continues  distinctly  to  the  lower  fork.  All  the  veins 
with  long,  distant,  stiff  hairs  a  little  farther  apart  than  the  length  of  the  hairs. 


292 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


!  r 


iii'i 


1 


1-: 


I 


,  1 ,1  ■■ 


illl 


w 

lJi..!jl . 


Length  of  body,  4.2™"';  tegmina,  3.8""";  breadth  of  same,  1""";  length 
of  fore  femora,  l"""";  fore  tibiae,  1'"™;  fore  tarsi,  O.C"™. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  2706,  5394,  7326. 

6.    DiAPLEGMA    RUmOSUM. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  preserved  on  a  side  view  represent 
this  smallest  species  of  Diaplegma.  A  portion  of  the  neuration  is  obscure, 
but  it  is  otherwise  in  good  condition.  The  vertex  projects  but  very  slightly 
beyond  the  eyes.  The  tegmina  are  four  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  veins 
heavily  haired,  the  hairs  generally  set  nearer  together  than  their  length. 
The  forks  of  the  radial  branches  are  excejjtionally  short  and  broad,  and  the 
cross-veins  uniting  the  ulnar  branches  unusually  far  out,  almost  farther  out 
than  the  basal  fork  of  the  upper  radial  branch ;  radial  lirst  forking  at  about 
the  middle  of  the  wing.  Hind  tibiaj  and  the  basal  two  joints  of  hind  tarsi 
armed  beneath  with  a  pair  of  stout,  not  very  long,  black-tipped  spines;  first 
Joint  of  tarsi  equaling  the  next  two,  the  middle  one  very  brief. 

Length  of  body,  3.75"™;  tegmina,  4.3"'™;  width  of  same,  1.05™™: 
length  of  fore  femcra,  1.2"'™;  tibiae,  O.S™™ ;  tarsi,  0.45"'™;  hind  femora, 
1.1™™;  tibia?,  1.5™™;  tarsi,  0.9™". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  611  and  4558. 

7     DiAPLEOMA   OBDORMITUM. 

The  specimen  representing  this  species  is  not  so  well  and  continuously 
preserved  as  the  otiiers  of  the  geniis,  but  differs  from  them  in  one  or  two 
important  points.  The  tegmina  are  slightly  more  than  three  times  longer 
than  broad;  the  most  peculiar  feature  is  the  late  division  of  the  radial  vein, 
whicli  is  only  at  a  d'stance  from  the  tip  equal  to  the  breadth  of  the  wing, 
and  almost  exactly  opposite  the  normal  division  of  the  lower  ulnar  branch 
or  opposite  the  tip  of  tlie  anal  vein,  while  the  arrangement  of  the  subordi-* 
nate  reticulation  and  furcation  of  the  ulnar  area  is  almost  the  same  as  that 
of  D.  occiiltorum.  The  broken  state  of  both  wings  does  not  certainly  show 
how  the  radial  vein  is  divided,  which  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  on 
account  of  its  early  character;  but  it  would  appear  as  if  the  tip  of  the 
u])permost  ulnar  fork  curved  upwfird,  which  with  the  late  furcation  of  the 
radial  and  the  absence  of  any  branching  in  the  area  preserved  would  indi- 
cate that  its  ultimate  branches  must  be  many  fewer  than  in  the  other  species. 
Length  of  body,  4™"';  tegmina,  4™™;  breadth  of  same,  L25™™. 
Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  127,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 


t 


,1», 


HEMIPIKHA-HOMOPTERA— FULGORINA. 


293 


t 


OLIA RITES  gen.  nov.  (Oliarus). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  an  insect  formerly  placed  by  me  in  Mne- 
mosyne, one  of  the  Dictyopharida,  but  which  a  renewed  study  seems  to 
show  to  belong  in  the  vicinity  of  Oliarus,  among  the  Oixiida.  The  head 
was  apparently  not  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  perhaps  much 
narrower.  The  thorax  was  transverse,  equal,  arcuate,  into  which  the  pretty 
large  subtriangular  scutellum  with  its  convex,  base  fitted.  The  tegmina 
were  wholly  diaphanous,  very  greatly  surpassing  the  abdomen,  enlarging 
apically  with  slight,  fine,  but  smooth  and  in  no  respect  arenaceous  veins,  all 
the  longitudinal  veins  connected  near  the  middle  of  the  wing,  but  not  in  3. 
line,  with  the  cross-veins,  at  or  beyond  which  each  of  them  forked  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent,  the  forks,  at  least  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing, 
upcurved  on  approaching  the  margin,  where  they  are  again  forked  and 
united  by  many  cross-veins,  so  that  the  wing  becomes  weakly  reticulate 
shortly  before  the  margin. 

Ot.IARITE8   TEBRENTULA. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  17. 
Mnemosyne  terrentula  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Qeogr.   Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  773  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  with  an  indistinct  body,  broken  in 
front,  and  the  greater  part  of  one  of  the  tegmina.  The  body  is  moderately 
broad  ovate,  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  rounded  and  slightly  produced.  The 
tegmina  are  regularly  enlarged  toward  the  apex  and  rounded  at  the  ex- 
tremity, not  at  all  truncate ;  the  interior  branch  of  the  radial  vein  forks  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  just  beyond  the  first  subapical  transverse 
vein  ;  both  its  branches  fork  before  they  have  passed  more  than  half-way  to 
the  marginal  row  of  elongate  cells. 

Estimated  length  of  body,  6.5""" ;  breadth  of  .same,  2.25"'"' ;  length  of 
tegmina,  7'""' ;  breadth  of  same,  2.25"""' ;  their  extent  beyond  the  abdomen, 
2.2""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen,  No,  31*  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 


FLORISSANTIA  gen.  nov.  (Florissant,  nom.  loc). 

This  interesting  genus  appears  to  be  allied  to  Cladodiptera,  with  very 
nearly  the  same  general  neuration  of  the  tegmina,  but  difi^rs  strikingly 
from  it  in  the  much  narrower  head.     The  head  is  only  half  as  broad  as  the 


t 


. 


m 

1 

III 

A 


294 


TP]RTIAKY  INSKOTS  OF  NOUTII  AMBUICA. 


thorax,  and,  as  viewed  above,  the  eyes  make  up  one-half  of  thia  narrow 
part  J  the  front  projects  abruptly  in  front  of  the  eyes  by  one-third  their 
length,  is  well  rounded  anteriorly  with  brief  piirallel  sides ;  the  eyes  are 
moderately  large,  not  very  tumid.  The  thorax  is  transverse,  arcuate,  equal, 
short;  the  soutellum  very  large,  triangular,  pointed,  with  nearly  straight 
but  slightly  arcuate  sides,  attenuating  the  apex.  Legs  slender,  the  hind 
tibiic  armed  externally  with  three  distant  prominent  spines.  Tegmina 
membranous,  ample,  the  longitudinal  veins  first  forking  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  the  radial  here  dividing  into  two  branches,  which  throw  many 
apical  branches  to  the  costal  margin  at  and  beyond  a  pterostigma ;  the 
ulnar  branches,  a  little  farther  on,  subdivide  into  many  forks,  connected 
at  their  origin  by  cross- veins,  and  most  of  these  forks,  without  another  series 
of  cross-veins  (such  as  occur  in  Cladodiptera),  again  divide  shortly  before 
the  apex.  Abdomen  broad,  abruptly  tapering  apically  to  a  bluntly  pointed 
tip. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

FlORISSANTIA   ELE0AN8. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  12. 

Two  specimens  with  their  reverses  present  a  very  fair  view  of  this 
delicately  veined  insect,  but  the  one  figured  does  not  show  the  head.  The 
body,  shaped  like  that  of  a  diminutive  Cicada,  is  of  a  uniform  dark  color 
with  pale  abdominal  incisures ;  the  thorax  is  minutely  and  distantly  punc- 
tate ;  the  scutellum  finely  sulcate  down  the  middle ;  the  legs  are  slender  and 
apparently  longitudinally  streaked  with  pale,  and  the  tibial  spines  are  black. 
The  tegmina  are  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  pterostigma  situated 
just  before  the  middle  of  the  apical  half,  rounded,  subquadrate,  a  little  longer 
than  deep  ;  the  cross-veins  uniting  the  longitudinal  series  are  mostly  oppo- 
site the  proximal  end  of  the  pterostigma,  and  the  apical  forks  of  the  longi- 
tudinal veins  are  about  as  long  as  the  pterostigma. 

Length  of  body,  12.5°"";  breadth  at  base  of  abdomen,  4.6""";  breadth 
of  head  between  the  eyes,  0.85""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  12.25"""  ;  hind  femora, 
3""" ;  hind  tibiaj,  S.S"". 

Florissant.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  1.104  and  1.751,  1.783  and  1.789, 
Princeton  Collection. 


!  ill   ! 


tS  IS  i 

r 


HlSMl  PTE  K  A— HOMOPTEliA— F  U  LGORINA. 


295 


t 


Subfamily  DELPHACIDA  Stal. 

The  only  European  fossil  insect  hitherto  referred  to  this  group  is  a 
species  from  Aix  referred  by  Curtis  to  Asiraca,  to  which  seven  years  later 
Giebel  gave  the  specific  name  tertiaria,  and  Heer  that  of  obscurum,  refer- 
ring it  to  Cicadellites,  one  of  the  Membracida.  In  America,  besides  an 
obscure  species  referred  to  Delphax,  we  have  an  extraordinary  insect,  with 
a  very  strange  type  of  neui-ation,  from  British  Columbia. 


i 


DELPHAX  Fabricius. 

A  single  fossil  has  been  referred  to  this  generic  group,  but  only  in  its 
wide  sense  as  typical  of  the  subfamily. 


Delphax  senilis. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  95. 

Delphax  senilU  Soudd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7G0  (1877). 

A  fairly  preserved  specimen  with  spread  wings,  but  with  almost  no 
characteristic  sculpture.  The  head  and  exposed  part  of  thorax  are  blackish ; 
the  rest  of  the  body  and  the  wings,  especially  the  tegmina,  dusky.  The 
head  is  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  and  short.  The  thorax  is 
broad  and  rounded,  and  the  body  nearly  equal,  though  enlarging  slightly 
posteriorly.  The  tegmina  are  slightly  narrower  and  considerably  longer 
than  the  body,  equal,  and  at  the  tip  broadly  rounded ;  they  sho\y  no  trace 
of  neuration,  but  the  preservation  of  the  whole  is  perhai)s  too  obscure  to 
expect  it.  The  wings  are  a  little  shorter  than  the  tegmina,  crumpled  and 
folded,  and  show  a  few  longitudinal  veins,  and  others,  which,  from  the 
nature  of  the  preservation,  can  not  be  traced.  Legs  and  appendages  of  the 
head  are  wanting. 

Length  of  body,  2"""  ;  tegmina,  2.4°"". 

White  River  (probably  Chagrin  Valley,  Colorado;    possibly  Fossil 
Canon,  Utah).    One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 


29G 


TEltTlAUY  INaEOTS  OF  NOltTH  AMERICA. 


m 

ii 


PLANOPIILEHIA  Scudder  (TrXdyo?,  <pXiil>). 

PlaiiopMebia  SciulU.,  Uop.  Progr.  (Jooi.  Siirv.  Cau.,  l-J/7-l«7d,  1»,  H5-lrid  (1870). 

This  iiiiino  is  pi«»posed  for  a  g"eiius  of  Fuljjorina  apparently  belongitifr 
to  the  Delphacida,  but  differing  from  all  Homo  ptera  I  have  seen  in  the 
remarkable  trend  of  the  principal  veins  of  the  tegmina,  nearly  all  ofwhlch. 
and  certainly  all  the  branches  of  the  i-adial,  as  well  as  most  of  the  branches 
of  the  ulnar  vein,  terminate  upon  the  costal  margin,  the  costal  areola  being 
very  brief,  or  less  than  one-third  the  length  of  the  tegmina.  The  radial 
vein  branches  very  near  the  base  of  the  tegnuna,  and  its  lower  branch  again 
a  very  little  way  beyond,  all  three  of  the  branches  ruiniing  in  a  sti-aight 
course  ))aral]el  to  one  another,  and  embracing  at  tip  the  middle  third  of  the 
margin.  The  ulnar  vein  forks  near  the  outer  branching  of  the  radial  vein, 
the  npper  branch  soon  dividinj;  again,  the  lower  dividing  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  tegmina,  all  the  branch  s  running  parallel  to  those  of  the  radial  vein. 

I  know  of  no  homopteron  the  veins  of  whose  tegmina  trend  as  in  this 
genus  ;  indeed  it  appears  to  be  quite  abnormal  in  this  particular.  Nor  can 
Mr.  Uhler,  to  whom  I  submitted  a  drawing,  tind  any  form  whose  branched 
veins  run  towani  the  costal  margin  ;  but  1  have  in  vain  attempted  to  believe 
that  I  have  interchanged  the  two  margins  of  the  tegmina  In  point  of  neu- 
ration  the  tegmina  approach  most  closely,  as  Mr.  Uhler  has  pointed  out  to 
m.e,  to  those  of  Amphiscepa  bivittata  (Say),  but  even  from  this  it  differs 
widely. 

PlANOPHLEBIA   GIGANTEA. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  16.  ^ 

Planophlebia  gigantea  Sciidtl.,  Rep.  Progr.  Gcol.  Smv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  B,  ISi  (1871)). 

The  specimen  is  very  fragmentary,  consisting  of  an  upper  wing,  of 
which  the  whole  of  the  costal  border  as  far  as  the  tip,  and  the  basal  half  of 
the  inner  margin,  can  be  made  out ;  but  only  three  patches  of  the  surface 
with  its  accompanying  veins  are  preserved — a  piece  next  the  base,  crossing 
the  wing ;  another  near  the  middle,  which  crosses  rather  more  than  three- 
quarters  of  it  from  the  costah  margin  backward ;  and  a  greatly  broken 
patch  at  the  upper  half  of  the  tip ;  but  from  these  pieces  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  neuration,  as  given  in  the  generic  description,  can  be  determined. 
The  costal  vein  appears  to  be  forked  close  to  the  base,  with  branches  run- 
ning close  and  subparallel  to  each  other.  There  are  five  branches  of  the 
ulnar  vein,  terminating  above  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin  of  the  teg- 


HEMIPTEBA— UOMOl'TEUA— JbULGOKINA. 


297 


mina,  but  below  tliat  the  veins  are  wholly  obliterated.  The  8Utura  clavi 
must  be  very  brief  (aa  we  should,  perhaps,  expect  it  to  bo  in  a  wing  with 
so  short  a  costal  areole),  since  no  sign  of  it  appears  on  the  basal  patch ;  it 
must  terminate  before  the  branching  of  the  ulnar  vein.  The  tegniina  are  of 
very  large  size,  the  costal  margin  regularly  and  gently  arched,  the  inner 
margin  almost  straight,  and  the  apex  very  regularly  convex,  at  least  on  the 
upper  half 

Length  of  frag  .ent,  23.75""" ;  estimated  length  of  the  tegmina,  25°"" ; 
breadth  in  middle,  9.5""". 

Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  77,  Geo- 
logical Survey  of  Canada,  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 


SubliJimily  ACHILIDA  Stal. 

No  fossils  have  heretofore  been  referred  to  this  subfamily,  and  it  is 
with  doubt  that  a  single  species  from  Colorado  is  here  regarded  as  a  mem- 
ber of  it. 

ELIDIPTERA  Spinola. 

A  single  species  doubtfully  referred  here  has  been  discover'ed  in  the 
Oligocene  of  Florissant. 

Elidipti;ra  beoulakis. 
PI,  19,  Pig.  13. 

This  curiously  veined  insect  would  appear  to  fall  in  the  ne'ghborhood 
of  this  genus.  The  whole  of  the  neuration  can  not  be  made  out,  but  the 
longitudinal  veins  are  few  and  distant  and  apparently  wholly  unconnected 
by  c/oss-veins  until  just  before  the  apical  margin  where  the  cross-veins 
form,  with  apparently  the  tip  of  the  radial  nervure,  a  continuous  vein  which 
approaches  the  margin  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing,  then  curves  and  fol- 
lows subparallel  to  the  outer  margin,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  equi- 
distant veins  forming  apical  cells  but  little  longer  than  broad,  excepting  at 
the  costal  margin,  where  the  vein  diverges  from  the  border  and  the  connect- 
ing veins  become  very  oblique.  The  legs  are  slender,  stiff,  and  straight, 
the  hind  tibiaj  unarmed,  the  hind  tarsi  delicately  and  very  briefly  spined  at 
the  tip  of  each  joint. 

Length  of  body,  4.25""° ;  breadth,  1.5""° ;  length  of  tegmina,  4°'" ;  of 
hind  tibiae,  l.!""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  12785. 


I 


c 


!j 


M 


298 


TKKTIAUY  INSKCXa  OF  NOKTU  AMEUICA. 


Siibfiimilv   RTCANIinA  Stal. 


A  species  of  Ricaiiia  liiis  beoti  described  by  Giebel  from  nmber; 
besides  tliis  the  only  fossils  possibly  refemble  to  tliis  group  are  those  men- 
tioned below,  one  of  them  of  extraordinary  character,  so  that  in  all  proba- 
bility it  should  more  properly  be  referred  to  a  distinct  subfamily,  so  greatly 
does  it  differ  from  all  Fulgorina  in  the  multiplicity  of  the  principal  longi- 
tudinal veins  at  the  base  of  the  wing,  the  branching  of  the  veins  of  the 
clavus  and  the  irregular  reticulation  of  part  at  least  of  the  corium. 

HAMMAPTERYX  gen.  nov.  (a/iha,  Trripvf;). 

Tegraina  exceptionally  broad,  subtriangular,  with  strongly  rounded 
apex,  produced  more  above  than  below.  Costal  margin  somewhat,  arched 
at  the  base,  the  costal  vein  distant  from  it,  running  into  it  considerably 
beyond  the  middle  (where  it  turns  rapidly  upward),  and  connected  with  it 
by  numerous  oblique  veins.  Radial  vein  forked  at  the  base  of  the  vving, 
and  each  branch  again  dividing  before  the  middle,  all  the  offshoots  of  the 
upper  and  the  upper  offshoots  of  the  lower  branch  with  a  strong  superior 
arcuation  at  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein,  giving  the  vving  a  knotty  appearance. 
Ulnar  vein  also  divided  at  base,  each  of  its  branches  immediately  divid- 
ing and  again  a  second  time  at  or  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  while 
both  radial  and  ulnar  nervules  still  farther  subdivide  so  that  multitudinous 
veinlets  reach  the  border ;  they  are  further  united  intimately  by  three  series 
of  cross-veins  like  the  gradate  veinlets  of  Hemerobidsc  among  Neuroptera, 
but  here  subparallel  to  the  outer  margin,  one  set,  the  weakest  and  short- 
est, in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  second  and  third  series  on  either  side  of 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half,  but  distant  from  each  other.  The  anal  area 
is  occupied  by  delicately  and  longitudinally  branching  veins,  which 
nowhere  tend  to  unite  apically. 

Hammaptebyx  reticulata. 
PI.  G,  Fig.  34. 

A  pair  of  tegmina  of  which  only  the  upper  third  is  shown  in  one  of 
them,  while  the  other  is  nearly  perfect.  The  two  outer  series  of  cross-veins 
are  equidistant  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing,  but  below  it  approach  each 
other  by  the  gradual  removal  of  the  outer  away  from  the  border,  the  middle 
series  being  parallel  to  the  border  in  this  part  of  the  wing.     Within  this 


U  KM  I  I'TKttA— UOMOI'TKIU— FULOOKIN  A. 


29U 


middle  Heries  of  dofinitoly  armnj^ed  cross-veiiia  all  tlio  longitudinal  veins 
and  their  branches  are  united  by  cross-veins  all  the  way  to  the  base;  these 
are  straight  and  transverse  except  between  the  costal  and  upper  radial  veins, 
where  the  wing  is  more  or  less  reticulate.  The  wing  is  more  or  less  fuligi- 
nous, with  two  small,  faint,  round,  pale  spots  on  the  costal  border  on  either 
side  of  the  curious  arcniation  of  the  veins. 

Length  of  tegmina,  11.5°"";  breadth,  G.S""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  117,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 


Subfamily  FLATIDA   St6,L 

Gravenhorst  and  Hurmeister  have  both  reported  species  of  Flata  as 
found  in  amber,  but  none  were  described  or  mentioned  by  Germar  in 
Berendt's  great  work,  neither  have  any  been  reported  from  the  rocks.  The 
genus  Lithopsis,  however,  which  I  formerly  regarded  as  one  of  the  Tropi- 
duchida,  appears  to  belong  here,  the  two  anal  veins  in  the  clavus  being  dis- 
tinctly separated  throughout.  I  have  now  another  species  to  add  to  that 
first  described. 

LITHOPSIS  Studder  {\Wo?,  otl>t?). 

Lithopirit  Soiidil.,  Bull.  V.  8.  Gool.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  773  (1878), 

Body  oblong,  stout,  and  apparently  cylindrical  anteriorly,  tapering 
and  probably  compressed  posteriorly.  Head  broad  and  short,  the  front 
not  produced  beyond  the  eyes,  broad,  transverse,  very  gently  convex. 
The  united  thorax  and  scutellum  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth.  Teg- 
mina surpassing  considerably  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  two  or  three  times  as 
long  as  broad,  beyond  the  middle  barely  tapering,  the  sides  subequal,  the 
apex  rounded,  the  costal  margin  gently  convex  ;  margino-costal  area  broad, 
broadening  regularly  toward  the  apex,  and  throughout  its  length  traversed 
by  very  frequent  transverse  veinlets,  which  become  more  and  more  oblique 
toward  the  apex  of  the  tegmina,  where  they  ara  supplanted  by  the  similarly 
close  branches  of  the  longitudinal  veins ;  these  are  united  at  the  origin  of 
the  forks  by  transverse  veins  in  continuity  with  the  costa  itself.  The  radial 
vein  is  branched  at  the  base  of  the  tegmina,  the  inner  ulnar  vein  at  some 
distance  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  both  branches  of  this  vein  and 
the  lower  branch  of  the  radial  vein  fork  again  at  half  the  distance  from  the 
first  fork  of  the  inner  ulnar  vein  to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  but  they  are  not 
connected  at  this  point  by  transverse  veins.    Wings  as  long  as  the  tegmina. 


r 


300 


TBKTIAUY  INSIiCTS  OF  NOUTII  AMEUIOA. 


1 1 

II'  iM 
i'i 


This  {jfeiiUH  roinliulH  oiw  of  tl]«  South  /Vmen:>jiii  gutiUH  AlccHtiH  Stftl,  but 
ilitVei'H  (lucidodly  tVoin  it.  in  tliu  t'onn  of  tlio  t(><;iniiia,  tho  iibsonco  of  ohliqiio 
inferior  riunnii  to  tho  inner  iihiiir  vein,  tho  courso  of  the  until  veins,  and  tho 
Htructuro  of  the  head. 

Tablf  of  the  npeeiei  of  LUhopaii. 

Titxiiiiiio  IviN  tliaii  tlirex  tiiiii'H  im  liiii);  iih  lirimil 1.   I,,  ftmhriala, 

"Tvumiuii  iiiuru  tliuii  tbruu  tiiiiim  iin  Iuii^;  iin  linmil 'J.  I.,  nlonouta. 


jjiii 


!i,': 


V'h 


I'i  ■ 

'I 

III: 

»1 


1.    LiTHOPSIS    KIMHRIATA. 

PI.  0,  FigH.  30,  ;r. 

lAllioimn  ftmhriala  Huiuhl.,  Mull.   IT.  .S.  (luol.  Uiiugr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  774(lH7rt);  in  Zittol,  Haudli.  d. 

I'ltlH-out.,  I,  ii,  781,  Flj?.  !IH9  ( IHH.'^i). 

A  tolerably  well-pro.sorved  H|)ociinou,  with  its  reverse,  together  with 
the  fragment  of  a  wing,  are  the  principal  '  'sis  for  this  species.  The  vortex 
between  tho  eyes  is  more  than  twice  iho  width  of  the  eyes,  and  is  marked  by  a 
slight,  median,  longitudinal  carina;  the  front  of  the  vorte.K  is  nearly  straight, 
docs  not  protrude  beyond  the  eyes,  but  is  retracted  next  them,  making  it  very 
l)roadly  convex.  The  thorax  is  considerably  broader  than  the  head,  but  the 
condition  of  the  specimens  does  not  allow  i.  more  definite  statement.  The 
tegminaare  the  best  preserved  remains  of  the  animal,  being  perfect,  although 
somewhat  obscure,  partly  from  the  veins  of  the  underlying  wings  ;  they  are 
more  than  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  costal  margin, 
esj)ecially  its  basal  half,  moderately  curved,  the  conmiissural  margin  almost 
perfectly  straight,  tho  apex  slightly  and  obliquely  subtruucate,  so  as  to 
throw  its  well-rounded  apex  below  the  middle ;  near  its  extremity  the  mar- 
gino-costal  field  occupies  more  than  a  third  of  the  breadth  of  the  tegmina, 
being  double  its  width  near  the  base ;  the  first  branching  of  the  inner  ulnar 
"a  is  as  far  from  tho  apex  of  the  tegmina  as  the  second  branching  is  from 
UiH  base;  and  tho  tiiird  branching,  where,  and  where  only,  the  longitudinal 
veins  are  united  by  cross-nervures,  is  midway  between  the  second  branching 
and  the  apex ;  close  to  the  apical  margin  there  is  an  inconspicuous  fourth 
series  of  furcations. 

Length  of  body,  9'""' ;  of  tegmina,  9  75""" ;  breadth  of  the  same  in  the 
middle,  3.65"'°" ;  next  the  third  branching  of  the  longitudinal  veins,  3.25"""*. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  143°  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson), 4185  and  4189  (S.  H.  Scudder),  118  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


IIKMIPTMUA-IIOMOPTKUA— FOMIORINA. 


;}()! 


2.    LiTIIOPHIS    KI-ONOATA. 
PI.  fl,  Fip.  28. 

A  sirifflo  Olio  of  tlio  teg'iiinii  is  prosorvod.  It  differs  from  tliat  of  the 
precodiiifr  specieH  hy  its  far  greater  HlenderiieHH,  being  considerably  more 
tlian  three  times  as  long  as  broad  ;  the  costal  margin  is  strongly  shotddered 
at  the  base,  and  beyond  is  very  gently  and  faintly  concave,  the  apex  well 
rounded  us  in  L  Hmbriata;  the  marginal  area  of  final  <livision  of  the  longi- 
tudinal veins  is  relatively  much  broader  than  in  the  preceding  species,  and 
the  principal  veins  are  more  longitudinal  and  less  oblique. 

Length  of  tegmina,  !»'""';  breadth  in  middle,  2.7')"'"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  "JO,  Prof  L  A.  Lee 

FICARASITES  gen.  nov.  (F'icarasa,  noni.  gen.). 

This  name  is  given  to  an  insect  which  apparently  belongs  in  this  family 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Walker's  genera  Daradax,  Epora,  and  Ficarasa, 
and  especially  the  last  named,  but  from  whose  injperfect  condition  little 
more  can  be  said.  The  costal  area  of  the  tegmina  is  nan-ovv  but  supplied 
regularly  with  rather  numerous  obliipie  veins.  The  radial  vein  is  scarcely 
branched,  the  ulnar  divided  near  the  base  of  the  wing,  the  upper  branch 
again  in  the  basal  half  and  both  at  the  middle  of  the  wing,  beyond  which 
there  are  further  subdivisions  ;  cross-veins  very  few. 

FiCARASITES   STir.MATICtlM. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  20. 

The  specimen  representing  this  insect  was  so  macerated  in  final  depo- 
sition that  the  parts  are  separated,  crumpled,  and  overlaid,  and  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  make  out  the  whole  of  any  one  organ.  Apparently  the  body  and 
the  tegmina  w?re  each  about  lO"""  long,  'i'he  latter  were  furnished  with  a 
very  small  blackish  fuliginous  stigma  at  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein  at  about 
the  end  of  .'he  middle  third  of  the  wing  ;  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  was 
abundantly  supplied  with  cross-veins. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  144,  Prof.  L  A.  Lee. 


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302 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Family  JASSIDES  Amyot-Serville. 

With  only  a  single  exception  all  the  fossil  species  of  this  family  that 
liave  been  recognized  in  Tertiary  deposits  of  any  kind  have  been  drawn 
from  the  siibfanjily  Jjiissida  as  Stal  separates  them.  This  is  equally  true 
when  we  extend  the  ground  to  America,  which  possesses  half  as  many 
species  as  Europe,  and  is  the  more  remarkable  since  the  Membracida,  now 
such  a  prevailing  type  in  North  America,  is  nowhere  traced  in  the  rocks, 
though  in  Europe  a  single  Oeningen  species,  imperfectly  preserved,  has 
been  referred  here  by  H«er.  So,  too,  the  vast  propo'.*tion  of  forms  in  both 
worlds  belongs  to  the  series  allied  to  Jassus  and  Bythoscopus,  and  not  to 
that  of  which  Tettigonia  is  the  type,  so  that  the  resemblance  of  the  Tertiary 
fauna  in  the  two  worlds  is  notsligl.t,  though  the  same  genera  appear  rarely 
to  be  preserved. 

TETTIGONIA  Fabricius. 

"^rhis  genus,  excessively  abundant  in  existing  species,  especially  in  the 
tropics  of  the  New  World,  has  not  been  recognized  in  the  Tertiaries  of 
Europe.  A  single  species  from  White  River,  Colorado,  has  been  referred 
here,  but  its  generic  affinities  are  wholly  uncertain.  Not  so,  however,  with 
the  ones  now  added  from  Green  River,  Wyoming,  and  Florissant,  Colorado, 
which  are  unmistakable  members  of  the  genus,  at  least  in  the  broad  sense 
in  which  Signoret  en?ployed  it.  Their  presence  in  Florissant  and  Wyoming 
is  in  keeping  with  the  tropical  or  subtropical  aspect  of  the  Tertiary  insect 
fauna  of  these  places. 

Table  of  the  apeciea  of  Tettigonia. 

LirgvrHpccicR;  t<>giiiinu  ornumonted  with  ii  broad  dark  band  around  tbn  apical  margin  bat  with  uo 

cross  biiuilH I.  T.  priiconarginata. 

SnullerHpecies;  tugininu  with  uo  broad  anical  luargiual  baud  but  with  distinct  cross  bands. 

i^iiHiil  half  III'  ti'j^tiiiiia  with  a  broad,  ilarU,  niediau  streak  ilM  entire  length 2.  T.  priacotiiicta. 

Mcdinu  streak  ol'tegniiua  not  extending  beyond  the  basal  fonrth :).  T.  priicovariegata. 

,',  The  fonrth  species,  from  its  iuii'ortoctioii,  is  not  here  noted. 

1.  Tettigonia  pkiscomakginata. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  4. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  with  partially  expanded  tegmina. 
A  species  i.s  indicated  of  about  the  size  of  our  Aulacipes  irroratus  Fabr.  sp., 
and  with  a  head  of  probably  tho  same  forn..  The  head  is  scarcely  shorter 
than  the  transverse  thorax,  and  the  tegmina  are  fully  three  times  as  long  as 


I 


^mmm 


HEMIPTERA-HOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 


303 


broad.  The  nenration  does  not  show  cletrly ;  there  is  no  diminution  in 
breadth  before  tlie  r  Mdly  rounded  apex ;  the  tegniitia  appear  to  have  been 
clear  and  h'jrht  coloi  jd  on  the  disk  but  broadly  obscured  at  base,  at  the 
margins,  and  along  the  principal  veins,  and  on  the  apical  third  broadly 
margined  Ju-.nigiiout  with  brownish  fuliginous;  fading  gradually  basully. 

Length  of  head  and  thorax,  a-S""" ;  tegmina,  9""" ;  brea  Uh  of  latter, 
2.75"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  34  and  35,  Prof  L.  A 


Lee. 


2.   TeTTIGONIA   i'RISCOTINCTA. 


PI.  19,  Fig.  9. 

Head,  as  viewed  from  above,  rounded,  subtriangalar,  the  front  strongly 
convex,  the  ocelli  situated  on  the  vertex,  the  surface  of  the  head  and  thorax 
uniform,  the  scutellum  roundly  angulated  behind.  Tegmina  barely  reach- 
ing the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  pale  with  bold  dark  markings,  as  follows  :  A 
broad  subequal  stripe  follows  the  outer  edge  of  t!  e  sutura  clavi  to  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing,  where  it  unites  faintly  with  a  narrow  stripe  which  has  fol- 
lowed the  commissural  margin  to  the  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi  and  distinctly 
and  broadly  with  a  small  round  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin ; 
the  markings  on  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  are  somewhat  irregular,  but  may 
beat  be  described  as  taking  the  form  of  a  broad  and  rude  X,  one  bar  run- 
ning from  the  center  of  the  wing,  just  out  of  contact  with  the  basal  mark- 
ings, to  the  lower  apex  of  the  wing  where  the  margin  is  clouded  with  fulig- 
inous, the  other  crossing  the  whole  wing  obliquely  and  recurved  on  the 
costal  margin.  I  do  not  find  any  existing  species  with  markings  at  all  sim- 
ilar, the  nearest  approach  being  that  of  T.  bella  Walker  from  Silhet. 

Length  of  body,  7.75""°' ;  breadth  of  head,  2""" ;  of  abdomen,  2  5*"™ ; 
length  of  tegmina,  6""" ;  breadth,  2"™. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  7628,  12996. 

3.  Tetticonia  priscovariegata. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  of  which  only  one  of  the  tegmina  may 
certainly  bo  claimed  for  the  species.  This  is  very  long  and  slender,  three 
and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  in  the  apical  fifth  tapering  rapidly  to 
the  rounded  tip  which  is  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  half  of  the  tegmiha ;  it 
is  pale  with  blackish  brown  markings,  which  consist,  first,  of  a  narrow  mar- 


304 


TURTIARY  JNSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Ji 


:i  ? 


u 


gin  around  the  entire  wing,  broader  on  the  costal  than  the  inner  margin, 
and,  second,  of  a  series  of  spots  connected  v%  'ih  the  margin :  a  small  quad- 
rangular spot  longer  than  broad  on  the  inner  margin  next  the  tip  of  the 
scutellar  margin ;  opposite  it  a  corniform  spot,  its  broad  base  seated  on  the 
outer  margin,  its  curved  apex  directed  baseward  along  the  middle  lino; 
across  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  barely  reaching  either  margin,  with  a 
slight  obliquity  from  within  outward  and  apexward  a  deeply  incised  sub- 
reniform  spot,  the  outer  half  the  larger ;  and  midway  between  this  and  the 
iipex  a  small  elongate  spot  seated  by  its  brr.ui  side  upon  the  outer  margin. 

Partially  overlain  by  this  wing,  but  in  any  case  out  of  noraial  relation 
to  it,  is  a  broad  oval  abdomen,  on  the  opposite  side  of  which  is  a  very  stout 
rounded  femur,  and  attached  to  it  a  strong,  curving,  apically  enlarged  tibia. 

Length  of  fragment  of  tlie  tegmina,  6.5°"° ;  probable  complete  length 
of  same,  7""";  breadth,  2""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  127,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

4.  Tettigonia  obtecta. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  58,  59. 
Teltigonia  ohtecia  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gcol.  Gcogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  761  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  with  the  merest  fragments  of  wings  and  no  legs, 
but  otherwise  pretty  perfect,  belongs,  with  little  doubt,  to  this  family, 
although  its  generic  affinities  are  decidedly  uncertain.  The  he..d  is  not 
quite  so  bro.ad  as  the  body,  bluntly  angulated  in  front  (at  an  angle  of  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  degrees)  ;  the  eyes  are  rather  small,  the  beak  stout 
and  about  as  long  as  the  head.  The  abdomen  is  moderately  stout  but  long, 
tapering  to  a  blunt  tip;  the  segments,  eight  in  number,  growing  longer 
apically,  the  seventh  being  twice  as  long  as  the  second. 

Length  of  body,  7.6""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2""' ;  length  of  rostrum, 
0.6.')""" ;  diameter  of  eyes,  0.28"". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen,  W.  Denton. 


,. 


liYTHOSCOPUS  Germar. 

The  Miocene  bed.n  of  Radoboj,  Croatia,  and  the  Oligocene  strata  of 
Aix  in  Provence,  as  well  as  tlie  amber  deposits  of  the  same  age  in  Prussia, 
have  each  furnished  a  species  of  Bythoscopus,  to  which  we  can  add  one 
from  the  presumably  Oligocene  shales  of  White  River,  Colorado. 


(»PII!)).P"i(lJiWfPPWWp»'""'«" 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— JAS81DB8. 


305 


• 


.. 


i 


Bythoscopus  lapidescens. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  94. 

BythoBcopua  lapideaotna  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  761  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  broken  at  the  edge  of  a  stone,  and  so  preserving 
only  the  abdomen  and  part  of  the  wings.  The  abdomen  is  long  and  slen- 
der, composed  of  nine  segments,  the  extremity  indicating  that  it  is  a  female. 
The  wing  (the  tegmina  appear  to  be  entirely  absent)  reaches  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  and  the  apical  cells  are  from  a  third  to  nearly  half  as  long  as  the 
wing,  the  upper  the  longer ;  the  apex  is  produced  but  rounded. 

Probable  length  of  body,  5.5""";  length  of  fragment,  3.5""°;  breadth 
of  abdomen,  1.5""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  One  specimen,  No.  44^  W. 
Denton. 

AGALLIA  Curtis. 

To  this  genus,  now  found  in  both  worlds,  and  never  before  found  fos- 
sil, I  refer  several  of  Florissant  species  with  little  doubt,  except  that  most  of 
them  are  of  too  large  size. 

Table  of  the  gpecies  of  Agallia. 

Large  species  (body  exceeding  eight  millimeters  iu  length) ;  a  cross-vein  uniting  the  radial  vein  to  the 
margin  in  the  outer  half  of  the  wing. 
Tegmina  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad. 

Apical  cells  of  tegmina  twice  e.a  long  as  broad l,  ^,  lewitii. 

Apical  cells  of  tegmina  only  half  as  long  again  as  broad 2.  A.  flaciida, 

Tegmina  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 3.  ^.  inttabilis. 

Small  species  (body  less  than  Ave  millimeters  in  length) ;  no  cross-vein  uniting  the  radial  vein  to  the 
™»^8'" 4.  A.  abatructa. 

1.  Agallia  lewisii. 
PI.  19,  Figs.  7,  21, 

Head  relatively  small,  narrower  than  the  thorax  by  reason  of  thf^  for- 
ward narrowing  of  the  latter,  broadly  rounded.  The  thorax  is  very  fir.ely 
wrinkled  transversely.  Tlie  tegmina  are  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad, 
the  costal  margin  broadly  a.id  pretty  regularly  convex  but  more  rounied 
at  the  extremities  than  in  the  middle ;  the  ulnar  vein  forks  (and  is  united  to 
the  radial)  at  the  end  of  the  proximal  third  of  the  wing,  and  t!?/?  latter  runs 
into  the  costal  margin  a  little  before  the  tip,  sending  a  cross-vein  to  the 
margin  at  about  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  opposite  which  a 
VOL  xiii 20 


J 

9     I  i 


r 


306 


TElillAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 


till 

w 

k 


pair  of  elongated  subapical  cells  are  formed  between  the  radial  and  upper 
ulnar  veins  by  tlieir  union  through  a  cross-vein  shortly  before  the  marginal 
cross- vein ;  considerably  more  than  half-way  from  this  first-mentioned 
cross-vein  to  tlie  apex  of  the  wing  cross-veins  cut  off  the  tour  apical  cells. 
The  hind  wings  show  in  their  upper  half  two  forked  veins  united  by  a  cross- 
vein  opposite  the  middle  of  the  cells  thus  formed,  and  the  lower,  similarly, 
to  the  simple  vein  which  follows  it. 

The  large  size  of  the  insect  and  its  relatively  small  head  make  it  some- 
what doubtful  whether  it  should  be  retained  in  Agallia. 

Length  of  body,  8.5'"'° ;  tegmina,  5.5°"" ;  hind  femora,  2'"'" ;  hind  tibiae, 
3.5""". 

In  memory  of  the  late  lamented  and  talented  geologist,  Henry  Carville 
Lewis,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Florissant.  For.r  specimens,  Nos.  307,  8293  and  8725,  13582,  and 
from  the  Princeton  Collection,  Nos.  L801  and  L805. 

2.  AOALLIA    FLACCIDA. 

PI.  19,  Fig.  18. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  last,  differing  principally  in  the 
denser  structure  of  the  tegmina,  in  which  the  neuratlon  less  plainly  appears, 
and  in  the  brevity  and  relative  breadth  of  the  apical  cells.  The  shape  of 
the  tegmina  is  the  same,  being  nearly  equal  throughout  with  broad  apex, 
in  contrast  to  the  more  oval  form  of  the  succeeding  species ;  they  are  a  lit- 
tle more  than  three  times  as  long  a.s  broad,  and  the  central  apical  cells  are 
hardly  half  as  long  again  as  ^jroad. 

Length  of  body,  7.25""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5'""";  length  of  tegmina, 
.5.5'""';  breadth,  1.65'""';  Ifength  of  hind  tibiai,  3'""'. 

Florissant,  Colorado.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  7858,  7979,  10158 

3.  Agallia  instabilis. 

PI.  21,  Fig.  1. 

This  is  a  stouter  species  than  those  which  have  preceded,  with  rela- 
tively shorter  tegmina.  A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  with  one  of  the 
tegu  .na  expanded.  The  extremity  of  the  abdomen  has  disappeared,  so  that 
the  length  of  the  animal  can  not  be  determined,  but  its  great  breadth  can  be 
seen  by  comparison  with  the  width  of  the  tegmina.     The  legs  are  slender. 


'.i'-H^ 


r 


HBMirTERA— HOMOPTERA-JASSIDES. 


307 


The  costal  margin  of  the  tegmina  is  greatly  thickened  and  regularly  and 
considerably  arcuateS,  giving  an  unusually  ovate  shape  to  the  whole,  which 
is  increased  by  the  somewhat  pointed  though  rounded  apex.  The  tegmina, 
which  are  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  appear  to  be  tenuous,  and 
the  veins,  thougn  not  the  sutura  clavi,  are  very  indistinct.  The  body  is 
uniformly  dark  and  parallel- sided. 

Breadth  of  body.  2.5""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  5.75""" ;  breadth,  2"" ; 
length  of  hind  tibite,  3.25""". 

Florissant,  Colorado.    One  specimen.  No.  78. 

4.  Agallia  abstkucta. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  5. 
Head  as  broad  as  the  uniformly  broad  thorax.     Tegmina  barely  extend- 
ing to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  long  oval,  almost  three  and  u  half  times  as 
long  as  broad,  the  costal  border  regularly  and  very  little  arcuate,  the  apex 
strongly  convex ;  the  ulnar  vein  forks  at  the  end  of  the  proximal  third  of 
the  wing,  and  the  upper  branch  is  immediately  united  by  a  recurrent  cross- 
vein,  longer  than  the  pedicel  of  the  upper  ulnar,  to  the  radial  vein,  the  latter 
running  into  the  margin  not  far  before  the  tip  but  uniting  with  it  by  no 
cross-vein;  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  the  radi.il  and  upper 
ulnar  veins  are  united  by  a  bent  cross-vein,  from  the  middle  of  which  springs 
a  veinlet,  dividing  the  area  betweeu  them,  and  at  just  about  half-way  to  the 
tip  all  the  veins  are  united  by  a  transverse  series  of  gradate  cross-veins, 
beyond  which  the  discontinuous  longitudinal  veins  diverge,  producing  apical 
cells  distinctly  broader  at  the  margin  than  at  base 

Length  of  body,  45""';  tegmina,  S.?"";  breadth  of  body,  1.5""°;  teg- 
mina, i.r". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nd.  2658. 

GYPONA  Germar. 

The  only  reference  of  a  fossil  to  this  genus  is  in  my  first  mention  of 
the  Homoptera  collected  b^  Denton  on  the  White  River,  as  belonging  to 
genera  "allied  to  Issus,  Gypona,  and  Delphax."  Since  then  these  have  been 
described  under  the  genera  Aphana,  Delphax,  Tettigonia,  and  Bythoscopus. 
The  one  now  described  below  is  referred  here  only  in  a  general  and  vague 
sense,  as  it  is  too  ill  preserved  to  speak  of  it  with  confidence. 


I 


308 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


GyPONA  CINF'"7IA. 


PI.  19,  Fig.  4. 

Tha  head  and  thorax  are  decidedly  darker  than  the  abdomen,  and  the 
spread,  but  crumpled,  elytra  are  scarcely  visible  as  distinct  from  the  color 
of  tlie  stone  except  for  their  slightly  darker  edges.  The  head  is  not  more 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  (which  shows  that  it  can  not  strictly  fall 
into  Gypona),  with  small  and  rather  prominent  eyes.  The  elytra  are  very 
slender,  extending  beyond  the  abdomen,  with  only  slight  and  feeble  traces 
of  neuration,  and  apparently  very  tenuous.  The  wings  are  a  little  shorter 
but  broader,  and  so  more  ample. 

Length  of  body,  8.5°"" ;  tegmina,  8""" ;  breadth  oi  thorax,  2.5"™. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  14229. 

JASSUS  Fabricius. 

Two  species  of  this  genus  have  been  described  from  the  Prussian  amber 
and  several  others  (compared  with  diflFerent  existing  forms  from  those  with 
which  the  former  were  compared)  have  been  indicated  by  Gravenhorst  from 
the  same  source.  It  appears,  however,  not  to  have  been  recognized  in  the 
rocks,  and  the  species  here  refen-ed  to  it  is  too  imperfect  to  be  sure  of  the 
correctness  of  the  reference. 


:■ !  i  1 


JaS8U8?   LXTEBRM. 
PI.  20,  Fig.  19. 

The  head  has  much  the  form  of  that  of  Jassus  spinicornis  from  Prus- 
sian amber;  the  thorax  is  very  faintly  and  not  very  finely  nor  closely  punc- 
tate ;  the  teiuious  and  diaphanous  tegmina  extend  a  little  way  beyond  the 
lip  of  the  abdomen,  and  are  apparently  almost  three  times  longer  than 
l)road ;  they  are  traversed  by  rather  distant  longitudinal  veins,  of  which  five 
reach  the  apical  margin  ;  the  character  of  their  furcation  and  anastomosis 
can  not  be  determined  wit'"  certainty,  but  wherever  it  can  be  traced  appears 
to  agree  with  the  simpler  types  of  Jassus. 

Length  of  body,  3.5°"";  breadth  of  same,  1.2°"";  length  of  tegmina, 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  6639. 


HEMIPTEUA— nOMOPTERA— JASSIDES. 


309 


#» 


THAMNOTETTIX  Zetteratedt. 

No  species  of  this  genus  liave  been  hitherto  recogtiized  among  fossil 
insects.  The  lar<^er  species  here  described  certainly  belong  here  or  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  the  neuration  of  both  tegmina  and  hind  wings  closely 
agreeing,  as  well  as  such  other  details  of  bodily  structure  fis  can  be  seen. 
The  small  species  is  placed  here  with  movi  doubt,  since  it  is  too  poorly  pre- 
served to  determine  with  any  confidence. 

Table  of  the  tpeciea  of  Thamnotettix, 

Larger  species ;  more  than  tbree  millimeters  in  lengtli. 

Relatively  stoiit  bodied,  with  tegiuiua  barely  tliree  times  as  Ion);  as  broad 1.  7".  miililata. 

Relatirely  8len<Ier  bodied  with  tegmina  considerably  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broaii. 

2.  T.  gannelti. 
Smaller  species ;  less  than  three  millimeters  in  length 3.  T.  fundi. 

1.  Thamnotettix  mutilata. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  6. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  showing  only  a  part  of  the  head  but 
the  whole  dorsal  view  of  the  rest  of  the  body,  with  one  of  the  tegmina 
partly  expanded.  The  body  is  long  ovoid,  very  regular  in  shape  with  full 
abdomen,  hardly  pinched  posteriorly,  but  with  full  rounded  curve.  The 
thorax  is  transverse,  and  the  scutellum  large  for  this  genua,  being  if  any 
thing  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax  The  tegmina  are  barely  three  times 
as  long  as  broad,  with  interrupted  dusky  maculae  along  the  outer  half  of  the 
costal  margin,  and  slight  signs  of  the  same  along  the  inner  margin.  The 
hind  tibiae  are  obscurely  seen  through  the  body,  and  appear  as  if  very 
densely  spined  with  excessively  minute  and  short  spines,  very  different  in 
character  from  those  of  living  types. 

Length  of  body,  4.55""" ;  breadth,  1.4""" ;  length  of  tegmina,  3.75"" ; 
breadth,  1.25""°. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  73,  Prof.  L.  A.  Lee. 

2.  Thamnotettix  gannetti. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  33 ;  PI.  7,  Fig.  5. 

Two  specimens,  differing  a  littL  in  size,  seem  to  belong  together,  both 
preserved  in  a  similar  manner,  showing  a  dorsal  view  with  spread  tegmina, 
and  wings,  though  in  one  case  part  was  covered  when  the  plate  was  drawn. 
The  body  is  rather  slender,  the  abdomen   tolerably  full,   but  pinched 


310 


TEHTIAUY  INSEOTS  OF  N    HTH  AMKRICA. 


"I 


v.. 


Mil 

m 

w 

f'*  1;  ■ 

il    ' 


apically,  so  that  the  last  two  segments  are  much  narrower  tlmn  the  preced-^ 
ing.  The  transverse  thorax,  as  in  the  preceding  species,  is  slightly  shorter 
than  the  unusually  large  scutellum.  The  tegmina  are  considerably  more 
than  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  veins  and  cross-veins  rather  heavily 
markeu :  there  are  four  apical  cells,  which  are  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad.  The  venation  of  the  upper  half  of  the  hind  wings  (all  that  is  pre- 
served) is  precisely  the  same  as  that  of  T.  sirapltx  of  Europe,  excepting 
that  the  lower  cross- vein  is  strongly  oblique  instead  of  transverse. 

Length  of  body,  3.3-4.1"'";  breadth  of  abdomen,  1.15-1.5""°;  length 
of  tegmina,  3.1-3.5  (I)"™  ;  breadth,  0.85-0.85  (?)■""■. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  116,  120,  Dr.  A.  S. 

Packard. 

S^Thamnotettix  fundi. 

PI.  19,  Fig.  20. 

Head  roundly  angulate  in  front,  the  thorax  small.  Tegmina  slender, 
elongate,  surpassing  a  little  the  abdomen,  about  three  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  broad,  the  costal  edge  nearly  stri^ight,  the  longitudinal  veins 
few,  distant,  and  faint,  the  substance  of  the  wing  being  slightly  coriaceous, 
or  only  partly  diaphanous,  as  in  our  green  and  unicolorous  living  species. 

Length  of  body,  2.85"'"';  tegmina,  2.65""';  width  of  body,  0.85""; 
tegmina,  0.75"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  3412. 

CICADULA  Zettei vtedt 

No  fossil  species  of  Jassida  have  yet  beei  referred  to  this  genus,  and 
the  present  reference  of  a  somewhat  obscure  species  is  by  no  means 
definite. 

CiCADULA   8AX08A. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  26. 

A  species  is  indicated  of  about  the  size  of  our  C  sexnotata,  but  with 
more  opaque  tegmina.  Only  the  part  of  the  head  between  the  eyes  is  pre- 
served, giving  it  a  more  distinct  and  quadrate  appearance  than  would  be 
otherwise  the  case ;  the  front  is  broadly  rounded.  The  thorax  is  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  long  and  the  posterior  angle  of  the  scutellum  is  slightly 
more  than  a  right  angle.  Tiie  tegmina  are  opaque,  showing  scarcely  any 
veins,  and  these  only  longitudinal,  the  sutura  clavi  terminating  in  the  middle 


T 


HEMIPTKKA-HOMOPTERA— JAaSlDKS. 


311 


,  of  the  apical  half;  they  are  considerably  more  than  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  aubequal  throughout,  with  well  rounded  apex.  The  abdomen  is  long 
oval,  largest  about  one-third  way  from  base,  tapering  beyond  to  a  bluntly 
pointed  tip. 

Length  of  body,  2.75™"' ;  greatest  breadth,  0.9""" ;  length  of  tegmina, 
2.5""" ;  breadth,  CTS"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  Nos.  1 14  and  126,  Dr.  A.  S. 

Packard. 

ACOCEPHALUS  Germar. 

Heer  has  described  two  species  of  this  genus  from  the  Miocene  beds  of 
Radoboj,  and  two  of  our  American  fossils  are  referred  dubiously  to  the 
same  group,  though  they  differ  considerably  from  each  other  in  the  general 
form  of  the  body.  Heer's  species,  too,  strictly  interpreted,  should  be  placed 
elsewhere,  though  they  are  certainly  near  Acocephalus. 

Table  of  the  ipeoies  of  Acocephalua. 

Slender  species ;  body  more  than  three  times  as  loug  as  broad 1.  A.  ado;. 

Stout  species ;  body  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad 8.  A.  calloaui. 

1.  Acocephalus  ADiB. 
PI.  6,  Fig.  29, 

Aoocephalui  adce  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  "'71  (1878). 

Two  specimens  represent  the  body  of  apparently  a  species  of  Acoceph- 
alus. The  head  projects  forward  in  a  triangular  form,  is  rounded  at  the 
extreme  apex,  a  little  broader  than  long,  and  nearly  twice  as  broad  between 
the  small  eyes  as  its  length  in  advance  of  them.  The  body  is  slender,  the 
abdomen  slightly  tapering,  rounded  at  the  apex.  The  tegmina  extend  a 
short  distance  beyond  the  body  with  parallel  longitudinal  veins. 

Length  of  body,  S/iS""™ ;  breadth  of  head,  1.4"'"' ;  of  middle  of  abdo- 
men, 1.3""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  72, 100,  F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson. 

2    Acocephalus  callosus. 

PL  19,  Fig.  16. 
Although  the   figure   seems   to  show  a  bluntly  rounded  head  very 
uncharacteristic  of  Acocephalus,  it  evidently  results  from  the  mode  of  pres- 
ervation, the  body  being  crushed  on  a  three-fourths  view,  obscuring  the 
angularity  of  the  front,  which  a  careful  examination  of  the  specimen  itself 


312 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Heems  to  show.  The  eye  is  small,  as  there.  The  tegmlna  are  hyaline,, 
apparently  reaching  about  to  tlie  tip  of  the  abdomen  (the  whole  of  which 
is  not  preserved,  but  can  be  readily  restored  in  the  main),  and  has  few  lon- 
gitudinal veins  connected,  a  little  beyond  the  middle  and  again  more  than 
half-way  to  the  tip,  by  series  of  cross-veifis.  The  legs  are  rather  short  and 
moderately  stout,  the  middle  tibiae  only  half  as  long  again  as  the  tarsi. 

Presumed  length  of  body,  fi.5""" ;  breadth,  2.5""" ;  length  of  tegmina, 
b-h""";  middle  tibiae,  1.7™";  tarsi,  1.2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  Nos.  11307  and  14385. 


m 

i<i  j: 

pi*. 

i«if  ■ 


JASSOPSIS  gen.  nov.  (Jassus,  nom.  gen.). 

Allied  to  Thamnotettix.  The  thorax  is  rounded  subquadrate,  as  long 
as  broad,  and  the  scutellum  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  thorax.  The 
veins  of  the  tegmina  are  peculiar  in  that  the  radial  parts  from  the  costal 
vein  and  the  ulnar  vein  from  the  sutura  clavi  at  similar  and  very  short  dis- 
tances from  the  base ;  there  are  but  three  apical  cells. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

JaSSOPSIS   EVIDEN8. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  16. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  dorsal  view  with  the 
tegmina  unequally  expanded.  The  head  is  lost  but  was  relatively  narrow, 
to  judge  by  the  anterior  tapering  of  the  thorax.  The  body  is  very  dark 
and  uniformly  so,  the  posterior  angle  of  the  scutellum  a  right  angle.  The 
tegmina  were  semiopaque,  with  the  veins  heavily  marked,  the  sutura  clavi 
terminating  in  the  unddle  of  the  wing ;  they  are  three  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  broar',  and  the  costal  margin  is  strongly  arcuate,  especially  dis- 
tally,  so  that  the  apex  falls  at  about  the  middle  of  the  lower  lualf  of  the 
wing  and  is  roundlj^  pointed;  cross-veins  unite  the  principal  nervures 
where  the  radial  vein  forks  at  about  three-fifths  the  distance  from  the  base 
of  the  wing.  The  abdomen  is  subconical,  tapeiing  pretty  uniformly  almost 
from  the  base,  with  pretty  straight  sides,  the  tip  bluntly  pointed. 

Length  of  body  (witliout  head),  3.2""" ;  breadth  of  abdomen  near  base, 
1.1""°;  lengthof  tegmina,  3""";  breadth,  0.85 "■". 

Florissant,  Colorado.     One  specimen,  No.  5188 


HBMIPTEBA— IIOMOPTKHA— JASSIDES. 


313 


CCFJJDIA   Gennar. 

The  only  Hpecies  of  this  crroiip  hitlierto  reported  fossil  is  one  described 
below  from  British  Columbia.  To  tliis  wo  now  add  aiiotlier  species  from 
Wyomiuff.  It  is  an  American  type  best  developed  in  the  tropics,  but  not 
unknown  in  the  southern  United  States. 

Tablf  of  the  ipeeiei  of  CaUtHa. 

Te){ininn  lens  than  thrne  t!mofi  aH  lanK  lut  hroitd 1,  C.  eolumhiana. 

Tegmlna  lunnt  tiiaa  tliree  tiiuux  an  liiiij;  iix  broad 'i.  C.  wyominijenniii. 


1.   CCELIDIA   COLUMBIANA. 
PI.  2,  Fig.  13. 

Calidta  Columbiana  Scadil.,  Rep.  Progr.  Oool.  Snrv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  IS&B  (18M). 

A  pair  of  tegmina,  in  which  most  of  the  venation  can  be  made  out, 
with  a  crushed  body  and  crumpled  wings,  represent  a  species  of  Coelidia  or 
an  allied  genus,  with  rather  broad  tegmina  The  veins  of  the  tegmina  are 
nearly  parallel  to  tiie  gently  arcuate  costal  margin,  are  equidistant  from  one 
another,  and  are  united  by  cross-veins  near  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  tegmina,  the  lower  ulnar  vein,  which  runs  only  a  little  below  the  mid- 
die  of  tlie  wing,  forking  at  this  point ;  the  upper  of  the  apical  areolets,  how- 
ever, is  considerably  shorter  than  the  others ;  the  two  ulnar  veins  are  united 
by  a  cross- vein  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  tegmina,  while  not  far 
from  the  middle  of  the  tegmina  the  ulnar  and  radial  veins  are  similarly 
united.  The  tegmina  do  not  taper  apically,  the  extremity  is  rounded  and 
obliquely  docked,  and  the  sutura  clavi  is  short.  The  hind  wings  are  pro- 
vided with  an  unusual  number  of  cross-veins. 

Length  of  tegmina,  8"""  ;  breadth,  3.25"". 

Similkaraeen  River,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  75,  Geol. 
Surv.  Canada,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 

2.   CffiLIDIA   WyOMINGENSIS. 
PL  4,  Fig.  8. 

A  dark  species  appears  to  be  indicated,  the  head  and  thorax  being 
black  and  the  veins  of  the  tegmina  heavily  marked  with  dark  fuliginous. 
Tiie  tegmina  are  well  rounded,  about  three  and  a  quarter  times  as  long  as 
broad,  the  costal  margin  regularly  and  pretty  strongly  convex ;  the  pedicel 


U  1 


«--: 


• 


314 


TKllTIAUY  1NHE0T8  OF  NORTH  AMBRIHA. 


of  the  upper  ulnar  bram-h  is  alightly  Hliort^r  than  the  croHS-vein  uniting  it 
to  the  radial ;  the  radial  in  parallel  to  the  co  ,ta  throujfhout ;  ft  second  cross- 
vein  unites  the  radial  and  upper  ulnar  where  the  former  forks,  as  far  from 
the  first  cross-vein  as  the  widtli  of  the  wing,  and  the  apical  series  of  cross- 
veins  is  half-way  between  this  new  cross-vein  and  the  apex  of  the  wing. 
Length  of  tegniina  as  preserved,  7.5™™;  as  restored,  8  5™";  breadth, 

2.5"". 

Twm  Creek,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  6",  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale. 

DOCIMUS  gen.  nov.  (Sntifio^). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  an  insect  with  somewhat  remarkable  neura- 
tion,  which  reminds  us  somewhat  of  that  of  Walk'^<-'»  East  Indian  genus 
Isaca.  The  sutura  clavi  is  very  long,  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  outer 
hdf  of  the  wing,  while  the  apical  cells,  the  only  wholly  diaphanous  part  of 
'he  wing,  are  very  long,  occupying  fully  the  apical  third,  and  are  very  few 
in  number,  only  three  reaching  the  apical  margin,  and  all  being  bounded 
away  from  the  middle  line  of  the  wing  by  remarkably  arcuate  and  divergent 
veins,  giving  somewhat  the  aspect  of  a  Psylla  to  the  wing.  The  body  is 
very  stout,  with  a  full  abdomen,  well  rounded  behind,  and  in  no  way 
pointed. 

A  single  species  is  known,  or  possibly  two. 

DOCIMUS   PSYLL0IDE8. 

PI.  19,  Figs.  6,  17. 

The  head  is  not  preserved.  The  thora  :  ■I'i  faintly  punctate.  The  teg- 
mina  are  fully  two  and  a  half  times  longtf  ildii  broad;  the  ulnar  vein  forks 
very  close  to  the  base,  and  where  it  is  uniied  by  a  cross- vein  to  the  radinl 
these  two  are  united  by  another  >  -oss-vein  in  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
beyond  which  the  space  is  separateu  into  two  longitudinal  cells ;  the  radial 
ends  near  the  apex  in  a  strongly  arcuate  fork,  which  at  first  curves  down- 
ward into  the  heart  of  the  wing  and  then  turns  upward,  the  cell  opening  on 
the  costal  border  at  the  edge  of  the  apical  border ;  opposite  the  origin  of 
this  fork  the  next  and  the  last  veins  are  abruptly  but  roundly  bent  and  send 
cross-veins  directed  obliquely  inward  to  the  intermediate  vein  from  the 
angles,  beyond  which  they  divaricate. 


a 


HBMTPTEUA— nOMOPTERA— OBKCOPin^. 


815 


This  description  is  based  wholly  upon  the  specimen  illustrated  in  Fig. 
17.  That  given  in  Fig.  6  and  two  others  are  too  imperfect  to  determine 
that  they  certainly  belong  hero,  but  they  may  form  a  second  species  of  the 
genus  with  less  strongly  curved  veins. 

Length  of  body,  6.75""";  breadth,  S""-;  length  of  tegmina,  6.5"""; 
breadth,  2""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  4625,  4747,  9299,  10479. 


ii 


Family   CERCOPID.^   Leach. 

This  was  the  prevailing  type  of  Homoptera  in  Tertiary  times,  at  least 
if  the  number  of  individuals  bo  regarded.  At  Florissant  they  appear  to 
form  three-fourths  of  the  whole  bulk.  As  compared  with  Fulgorina  they 
were  there  slightly  less  numerous  in  species  and  genera,  but  five  times  as 
as  numerous  in  individuals.  Most  of  the  extinct  forms  have  been  referred 
by  authors  and  especially  by  Germar  and  Heer  to  the  existing?  j^enera  Cer- 
copis  and  Aphrophora,  but,  as  we  shall  see,  these  references  were  so  far 
incorrect  that  in  several  instani^es  they  belonged  to  the  alternate  subfamily 
and  not  to  that  to  which  they  were  referred.'  So,  too,  one  insect  found  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight  Tertiary  is  referred  to  an  existing  form,  but  probably 
without  sufficient  reason.  As  to  our  own  species,  some  of  them,  are  gigantic, 
nearly  all  large,  and  by  far  the  greater  part  of  them  allied  to  types  n()w 
found  only  in  the  tropics  of  the  New  World,  and  yet  I  have  been  unable  in 
any  instance  to  refer  them  to  existing  genera,  though  doubtless  some  of 
them  will  be  found  so  referable.  The  lack  of  sufficient  tropical  materials 
in  the  museums  of  this  neighborhood  compel  the  description  of  several 
genera  as  new  which  may  prove  still  extant. 


Subfamily  OEROOPIDA  St&l. 

The  larger  part  of  the  fossil  Cercopidse  that  have  been  described  have 
been  referred  to  this  subfamily,  but  in  several  instances,  as  will  be  pointed 
out,  the  reference  is  incorrect.  There  remain,  however,  several  species  of  Cer- 
copis,  a  Cercopidium,  and  a  Triecphora  (this  latter  regarded  as  an  existing 

■There  is  a  mistake  in  Heer's  work  on  Oeniagen  inaeots  in  the  references  to  the  species  of  Citrcnpis 
on  PI.  11.  The  plate  is  oorreotly  marked,  but  the  separate  explanation  of  the  plate  au<l  the  referenees 
in  the  text  give  a  Hgnre  to  C.  nngeri  which  dons  not  exist,  and  make  eleven  flj^nras  to  the  plate  when 
there  are  only  ten.  The  references  to  C.  pallida,  oeningeasis,  fasciata,  and  recteliuea,  which  are  re- 
spectively 8, 9, 10,  and  II,  should  be  7,  S,  9,  and  10. 


i 


316 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


!  ■ 


11 
f 
I 

Ml 

i 


species  by  Woodward)  from  tlie  European  rocks  and  from  Jiniber,  wliile  m 
our  own  country  by  far  tlie  larger  proportion  of  the  Cercopidjv  belong  to 
tbis  subfamily,  and,  excepting  three  species  regarded  as  belonging  to  Cer- 
.  copis,  one  each  from  British  Columbia,  (Ireen  River,  and  Florissant,  all  are 
referred  to  extinct  generic  types;  these  include  seventi^en  species  and  six 
genera,  one  of  them,  Petrolystra,  with  two  species,  gigantic  antl  possibly 
luminiferous  insects,  which  nnist  have  been  one  o(  the  striking  features  of 
Florissant  Oli  )cene  entoniology;  another,  Palecphora,  with  six  species, 
five  of  them  fiom  Florissant  and  one  from  Green  River,  was  the  prevailing 
homopterous  type ;  Cercopites  is  known  only  from  Green  Riv(>r ;  the 
remainder,  with  the  exceptions  noted,  only  from  Florissant,  and  one  of  the 
prettiest,  Prinecphora,  was  by  no  means  rare.  As  a  whole  the  aspect  of  the 
cercopid  fnuna  was  decidedly  tropical. 

CERCOPITES  gen.  nov.  (Cercopis,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  relatively  small,  including  the  eyes  hardly  more  than  half  as 
broad  as  ihe  thorax,  not  appressed,  but  prominent.  Thorax  more  or  less 
hexagonal,  nnich  broader  than  long,  the  front  border  transverse  or  nndate, 
the  base  truncate;  scutelhun  equiangular.  Tegmina  large  and  well  rounded, 
but  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  convex  costa,  the  tip 
slightly  narrowed  and  sharply  rounded,  the  radial  and  ulnar  veins  forking 
once  each  with  no  apparent  apical  cells,  the  radial  forking  scarcely  before 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  before  forking  running  at  no  great  distance 
from  and  parallel  to  the  margin. 

Two  species  are  knov.n,  both  from  the  Wyoming  Terti;ries. 

Table  of  the  upeeifn  of  CciropUet. 

Smaller  Hpeoies,  the  wings  e!c|iaiuliti);  iibout  eight  millimuters ;  front  margin  of  thurux  straiglit. 

1.  r    iimhraliliH. 

Largor  spooios,  f he  wiuga  expanding  about  twenty  millimeters;  front  margin  of  thorax  nmlate  or 

biconcave SJ.  c.  caUiscena, 

1.  Cercopites  umbratilisu 
PI.  7,  Fig.  9. 

The  single  specimen  is  rather  obscurely  preserved,  showing  an  upper 
surface  with  spread  wings.  The  body  is  stout,  the  abdomen  full  and 
rounded ;  the  front  margin  of  the  thoiftx  is  straight  behind  the  head,  but 


m 


HEMIPTERA— nOMOPTERA— CEROUPIDiE.  3 1 7 

retreats  slightly  at  the  sides,  so  as  to  give  it  a  slightly  convex  aspect  The 
body  is  dark  and  uniform,  the  tegniina  the  same  but  slightly  lighter  over 
the  disk ;  the  i^osta  is  very  strongly    onvex. 

Length  of  body,  2.7r)""";  breadth,  1.1""";  length  of  tegmina  as  pre- 
served, 3.5™"' ;  as  restored,  3.8""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specinien,  No.  108,  Dr.  A.  8.  Packard. 

2.  Cercopites  calliscfns. 
I'l.  0,  Fif;.  ;W. 

Head  suborbicular,  with  scarcely  protruding  eyes,  a  little  broader  only 
than  long ;  the  ocelli  are  obscure,  but  wlmt  are  apparently  these  are  farther 
removed  frouj  each  other  than  iVom  the  eyes.  Thorax  broadest  in  tlm 
middle  of  the  anterior  half,  from  which  point  it  rapidly  narrows  both  in 
front  a\nd  behind ;  base  straight ;  front  margin  broadly  concave  except  for 
a  slight  and  angular  middle  prominence,  which  breaks  the  curve  in  two. 
Body  dark  fuliginous.  Tegmina  pallid,  bat  with  a  darker  costal  margin 
and  a  similar  but  broad  apical  band ;  the  veins  show  with  tolerable  dis- 
tinctness, though  they  are  generally  very  obscure  in  the  wings,  which  show 
a  neuration  in  all  respects  typical  so  far  as  visible. 

Length  of  body,  including  closed  wings,  1 1  "■"' ;  breadth,  3.5"*"' ;  length 
of  tegmina,  8.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  104  and  116,  Dr.  A.  S. 

Packard. 

CERCOPIS  Fabriclus. 

A  number  of  species  have  been  refevr«Ml  to  this  genus  from  the  Euro- 
pean Tortiaries,  but,  as  mentioned  below  under  that  subfamily,  they  are 
mostly  referable  to  the  Aj)hrophorida.  It  is  doubtful  wlietiier  any  of  .'he 
species  of  true  (!Iercopiiui  should  be  classed  genericall}-  with  those  here 
placed  in  this  group,  and  which  are  known  by  tlu?ir  tegmina  only ;  the 
form  of  the  wings,  as  well  as  their  neuration,  ditfers  considerably,  but  until 
more  of  the  structure  can  be  determined  it  has  seemed  best  to  class  them 
here.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  radial  vein  branches  sooner  tlian  in  Cer- 
copites. 

Table  of  the  iip,eie$  of  Cfrcopii, 
TuKiniiiu  nuicoluroiiit. 

Lar);er  HpooioR ;  tlin  tegmina  meaHiiriiig  flt'txxiu  inillimetorH  in  leiiRtb  ;  ritdini  voir  bcfom  fnrkitift 

widely  ditttiiiit  from  iiiarKin '•  '••  nfliviiui. 

Smallur  Hpoi'lei);  tli«  UtKiiilnit  muamiriiiK  I<v.h  than  ten  inillimetoi's  in  length;  radial  vein  liclori' 

forking  only  nioderafely  dlHtanc  from  the  margin 'i.  C.  auMita. 

Tegmlua  trauBVorBely  baudod 3.  C.  suffocuta. 


318 


TERTIAEY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


^:|i 


\m:' 


,)  1.  Cebcopis  selwyni. 

V 

PL  2,  Figs.  14,  15. 
CercopU  aelwyni  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Cteol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878, 184B-ia')B  (1879). 

A  pair  of  nearly  perfect  tegmina,  reverses  of  jach  other,  represent  a 
species  allied,  but  rather  distantly,  to  the  gigantic  s))ecie&  of  Cercopida 
described  by  Heer  from  Radoboj.  It  differs  from  them  all  in  neuration,  in 
the  form  of  the  costa!  border  and  of  the  apex.  The  portion  of  the  wing 
below  the  straight  sutura  clavi  is  broken  away.  The  basal  half  of  the 
costal  margin  is  strongly  and  rather  uniformly  arcuate,  but  more  strongly 
close  to  the  base ;  the  apical  half  of  the  same  is  nearly  straight ;  the  apical 
margin  is  a  little  obliquely  and  roundly  excised,  gen*'.y  convex,  the  tip 
roundly  angulated.  The  costal  vein  parts  from  the  common  trunk  close  to 
the  base  and  follows  v^lose  to  the  margin,  terminating  at  about  one-third 
way  to  the  tip ;  the  radial  vein  is  directed  toward  the  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  costal  border,  until  it  forks,  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  when  both  straight  branches  run  subparallel  toward  the  tip;  the 
ulnar  vein  also  forks  once,  half-way  between  the  base  and  the  fork  of  the 
radial  vein,  and  its  straiglii  branches,  with  those  of  the  radial  vein,  subdi- 
vide the  outer  half  of  the  wing  subequally,  all  being  evanescent  toward  the 
apical  margin  ;  the  sutura  clavi  reaches  as  far  as  these  veins  are  visible. 

Length  of  wing,  16..5""";  breadth  of  wing  at  tip  of  sutura  clavi,  5°""; 
length  of  sutura  clavi,  14""°. 

Nine  Mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  64  and  65, 
Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 

2.  Ceecopis  astricta. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  15. 

Reverse  and  obverse  of  the  greater  part  of  one  of  the  tegmina  of  a 
much  smaller  insect  than  the  preceding  represent  this  species ;  no  part  of 
the  clavus  is  preserved  nor  even  quite  up  to  the  sutura  clavi.  The  costal 
margin  is  very  strongly  convex,  the  curve  being  strongest  in  the  middle  so 
as  to  appear  bent ;  the  apical  area  is  equally  full  above  and  below,  or  only 
a  trifle  the  fuller  above,  the  margin  strongly  convex.  The  costal  vein 
can  not  be  made  out,  and  the  radial  is  almost  equidistant  from  the  margin, 
and  relatively  only  about  half  as  far  as  in  the  preceding  species,  before  it 


>* 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— CEBCOPID^. 


319 


forks,  when,  after  reaching  their  widest,  the  two  forks  run  exactly  parallel 
to  the  costal  margin,  fading  in  the  darker  outer  third  of  the  wing;  the 
branches  of  the  ulnar  vein  originate  as  in  the  last  species,  and  are  parallel 
to  the  radial  bi'anches,  all  being  also  equidistant. 

Length  of  tegmina,  9"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  1 1 0  and  125,  Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard. 

3.  Cercopis  suffocata. 

PI.  19,  Figs.  2,  3. 

A  single  one  of  the  tegmina  of  an  insect  with  the  clavus  gone,  but  very 
different  in  its  markings  from  anything  known.  Its  simple  neuration  allies 
it  dii-ectly  with  the  other  species  referred  here ;  the  radial,  however,  is  dis- 
tant throughout  from  the  margin.  The  costal  margin  is  very  regularly  and 
considerably  convex,  and  the  apex  very  strongly  rounded,  produced,  and 
almost  pointed.  A  broad  and  uniform  belt  of  dark  color  follows  the  costal 
margin  at  the  base  for  nearly  two-fifths  its  course,  in  striking  contrast  to 
the  generally  pale  color  of  the  wing,  and  distally  joins  a  similar  transverse 
and  slightly  oblique  bar  crossing  the  v/ing  as  far  as  the  sutura  clavi ;  all  the 
base  of  the  wing,  dark  or  light,  is  finely  and  distantly  punctuate,  as  shown 
in  Fig.  2 ;  a  second  transverse  and  similarly  oblique  dark  band,  slightly 
broader,  crosses  the  wing  just  before  the  apax,  its  inner  border  just  striking 
the  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi. 

Length  of  tegmina,  8.5""" ;  breadth  at  tip  of  sutura  clavi,  3""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  262. 


PETROLYSTRA  Scudder  (Trdrpo?,  Lystra,  nom.  gen.). 

Petrolystia  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Qeol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  530-r>:U  (1878). 

One  of  the  most  striking  instances  of  tropical  affinities  in  the  Tertiary 
shales  of  Florissant  is  found  in  the  presence  of  two  species  of  a  genus  of 
huge  Hon^optera,  rivaling  the  famous  lantern-fly  of  South  America  in  size, 
but  differing  in  neuration  and  other  features  from  any  genus  hitherto  de- 
scribed. At  first  glance  one  would  think  that  it  belonged  to  the  Fulgorida, 
a  subfamily  which,  with  Stridulantia,  includes  most  of  the  larger  forms  of 
the  suborder,  and  to  be  somewhat  nearly  allied  to  Paralystra ;  but  it  differs 
from  this,  and,  so  far  as  I  can  determine,  from  all  Fulgorina,  in  the  minute- 


J  ;  1 


A 

In 


ill 


i 


ill 


320 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ness  of  the  scutellum,  and  must  be  referred  instead  to  the  Cercopida,  although 
larger  than  any  species  of  that  group  which  I  find  noticed,  while  in  compar- 
ison with  the  temperate  forms  of  that  subfamily  it  is  gigantic,  most  of  our 
own  species  not  exceeding  one-fourth  its  length.  The  name  is  not  very 
well  chosen. 

The  body  is  robust,  the  head  large,  apparently  flat  above,  about  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  but  considerably  narrower  than  the  thorax,  the  front  regu- 
larly and  very  broadly  convex  ;  clypeus  about  half  as  broad  as  the  head, 
somewhat  convex,  coarsely  carinate  down  the  middle  with  distinct  lateral 
transverse  ruga* ;  ocelli  indeterminate ;  rostrum  shorter  than  the  breadth  of 
the  tegmina.  Thorax  broadening  posteriorly,  continuing  the  curve  of  the 
head  ;  the  front  margin  rather  deeply  and  very  broadly  excised,  so  that 
its  middle  is  straight  and  the  lateral  angles  are  rather  sharply  angulate ;  the 
hind  margin  with  very  oblique  sides,  so  that  these,  if  continued,  would  form 
less  than  a  right  angle  v/ith  each  other,  but  toward  the  middle  line  incurved, 
so  that  the  thorax  is  rounded  posteriorly  and  excised  in  the  middle.  Scu- 
tellum very  small,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  tlie  thorax  and  rather 
longer  than  broad,  tapering  more  rapidly  in  the  basal  than  in  the  apical  half 
The  fore  tibije  apparently  unarmed,  and  of  the  same  length  as  the  fore 
femora ;  the  apical  tarsal  joint  of  same  legs  tumid,  longer  than  the  other 
joints  combined,  of  which  the  second  is  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal 
joint,  the  whole  leg  only  a  little  longer  than  the  breadth  of  the  tegmina; 
fore  coxae  apparently  in  close  proximity.  Tegmina  large,  nearly  equal 
throughout,  the  inner  base  angularly  excised  next  the  posterior  border  of  the 
thorax,  the  apex  well  rounded,  a  little  i)roduced  anteriorly ;  it  was  appar- 
ently coriaceous,  with  little  mark  of  any  excepting  some  of  the  principal 
veins,  which  are  elevated.  The  base  of  the  costal  part  of  tiie  wing  is  so 
expanded,  to  give  equality  to  the  wing,  that  the  radial  vein  at  its  base  is  very 
near  the  middle  of  tlio  tegmina,  and  continues  so  until  it  forks  in  the  middle 
of  the  basal  half  of  the  tegmina;  its  lower  branch  continues  its  course  sub- 
parallel  to  the  costal  margin,  while  the  upper  brancli  curves  upward  and 
follows  dose  to  the  costal  margin  until,  like  its  fellow,  it  is  lost  in  tlie  mem- 
brane near  the  tip  of  the  tegmina ;  the  sutura  clavi  runs  straight  to  the  pos- 
terior border  beyond  the  middle  of  its  outer  half,  and  midway  between  the 
two  the  radial  originates,  forking  almost  immediately,  the  forks  dividing  the 
inner  area  equally  between  them,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the 


IIEMIPTRKA— HOMOPTEllA— CEKCOI'lDJ<:. 


321 


•r> 


tegmina  united  to  each  other  by  a  cross-vein,  to  which  they  bend ;  they  too 
are  lost  before  the  tip.  The  wings  are  not  sufficiently  preserved  to  charac- 
terize, but  aj)pear  to  agree  in  general  character  with  those  of  Triecphora. 
Abdomen  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  body,  topering  regularly 
to  a  pointed  extremity. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Pelrohjtira. 

Pule  baudH  of  tegruiua  occupying  hardly  more  spucu  than  tlio  dark  grouud 1.  P.  giganUa. 

Pale  bandii  almost  siippluntiug  tbo  normal  dark  ground  of  tegmina 'i.  I',  her'^n. 

1.  Petrol Y8TRA  gigantea. 
PI.  20,  Figs.  5-7. 

Petiolyslra  gigantea  Scudd.  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Ocogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  .')31-r)32  (1878) ;  in  Zittel,  Handb. 

d.  Palicont.,  I,  ii,  781,  Fig.  9fl-J  (1885). 

Two  nearly  perfect  specimens,  reverses  of  each  other,  were  picked  up 
by  a  child  just  as  I  reached  the  quarries  at  Florissant,  on  my  first  visit  to 
them,  and  another,  a  fragment  of  a  wing,  was  afterward  found  in  the  same 
place.  The  head  was  apparently  dark-colored,  the  thorax  not  so  dark, 
delicately  and  softly  shagreened,  with  a  slight  median  carina  The  tegmina 
are  almost  similarly  rugulose ;  the  costa  of  the  same  is  jjretty -strongly  con- 
vex at  base,  very  slightly  convex  beyond  the  middle  of  the  basal  half;  the 
posterior  border  is  slightly  excised  at  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  and  the  outer 
margin  is  oblique,  being  angularly  excised  at  the  posterior  angle,  although 
rounded  throughout.  It  is  dark,  darkest  at  base  and  gradually  grows 
lighter,  more  fuliginous  toward  the  tip  (although  all  the  specimens  do  not 
show  this),  and  is  traversed  by  four  equidistant  transverse  pale  bands,  the 
basal  one  reduced  to  a  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  extreme  base,  where  it  oc- 
cupies about  one-third  the  width  of  the  wing ;  and  the  apical  one  rather 
cloudy,  half  as  broad  as  the  breadth  of  the  tij)  and  as  far  from  the  tip  as 
from  either  border,  equal,  two  or  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  sinuoue  or 
lunate ;  the  other  two  are  more  distinct,  with  sharply  defined  borders  and 
irregularly  sinuous ;  the  outer  o^  the  two  traverses  the  entire  wing,  touch- 
ing the  costal  border,  however,  by  only  the  tip  of  the  rounded  extremity, 
while  it  expands  upon  the  posterior  border ;  the  inner  of  the  two  is  rounded 
at  either  extremity,  fails  of  reaching  either  border,  and  is  constricted  just 
beneath  the  radial  vein  ;  both  of  these  bands  average  in  width  the  breadth 
of  the  interspaces. 
VOL  xin 21 


322 


TERTIA.RY  INSECTS  OF  NOttTII  AMERICA. 


H 


H 


¥     1 


ir 


The  specimen  given  in  Fig.  5  is  presumed  to  be  a  hind  wing  belonging 
to  this  species,  but  is  so  folded  that  the  course  of  the  neuration  can  hardly 
be  determined ;  if  it  is  cori'ectly  given  the  hind  wing  must  have  been  banded 
like  the  fore  wing. 

Length  of  body,  23.5"™;  of  head,  3.7.5""";  of  thorax,  4.5""";  of  abdo- 
men, 1.5.25°"';  width  of  head  7™"';  of  clypeus,  S.h'";  length  of  rostrum, 
8.5°"';  width  of  thorax  behind,  8  5'""' ;  length  of  scutellum,  3"'";  its  breadth 
at  base,  2.5""°';  length  of  tegmina,  2^.5'""';  width  next  base,  10.5°'"';  near 
tip,  8.5°"'. 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  62,  411  and  412,  11241. 

2.  Fetholystra  herds. 
P).  20,  Fig.  8. 

Petrolyatra  hero»  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Qeogr.  Sarr.  Terr.,  IV,  532  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  shows  one  of  the  tegmina  in  a  good  state  of  preser- 
vation, together  with  both  fore  legs.  It  differs  from  P.  gigantea  in  the 
broader  bands  of  the  tegmina  and  in  the  form  of  the  latter,  the  posterior 
border  being  slightly  fuller  at  the  b<ase,  so  as  to  make  that  part  of  the  wing 
proportionally  broader,  while  the  posterior  angle  of  the  tip  is  not  obliquely 
excised,  ma'ung  tlie  extremity  truncate  rather  than  pointed.  The  bands  have 
expanded  so  as  to  occupy  the  larger  part  of  the  wing  ;  the  basal  spot  occu- 
pies the  ent;  ■■:  base  from  border  to  border  (excepting  the  very  root)  as  far 
as  an  o  .lique  transverse  line,  subparallel  to  the  inner  basal  edge  of  the 
wing,  and  distant  from  the  root  nearly  half  the  width  of  the  wing  ;  it  also 
infringes  upon  that  bordering  line  by  a  large  semicircular  excision  in  the 
middle  ;  the  apical  spot  is  very  nearly  as  long  as  broad,  and  stop&  just  short 
of  the  margin  on  all  three  sides  of  the  apex,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  wing 
breaks  through  the  intervening  dark  stripe  into  the  outer  of  the  two  middle 
bands ;  these  two  middle  bands  are  also  much  broader  than  in  the  other 
species,  but  not  to  so  great  a  degree  as  the  extreme  bands ;  they  reach  from 
border  to  border,  and  are  united  to  each  other  and  to  the  basal  spot  along  the 
sutura  clavi ;  the  wing  therefore  has  the  appearance  rather  of  being  pale, 
with  three  transverse  dark  stripes,  which  are  broad  (and  the  outer  two 
triangular)  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  tegmina,  narrow,  sinuous,  and  broken 
on  the  posterior  half 


i 


HEMIPTKRA— IIOMOPTKRA— (^KUOOPIDiE. 


323 


Length  of  tegmina,  28.2.0""";  width  at  base,  10.8°"";  at  tip,  7.2"""; 
length  of  fore  femora,  4.5"'"' ;  fore  tibia.',  .O""  ;  fore  tarsi,  2.75'""' ;  first  tarsal 
joint,  CS"";  last  tarsal  joint,  1.7'"'";  claws,  0.5'"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  11829. 

LOCRITES  gen.  nov,  (Locris,  nom.  gen.). 

Body  stont.  Head  large,  protuberant,  well  rounded,  not  angulated  in 
front,  though  subtriangular.  I'horax  transverse,  more  than  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  truncate  both  in  front  iind  behind  Siuitellum  moderately  large, 
equiangular,  the  angles  shiirp.  Tegmina  large,  full,  about  two  and  a  lialf 
times  longer  than  broad,  with  strongly  curved  costal  margin,  tapering  con- 
siderably in  their  apical  half,  the  apex  roundly  angulated  ;  the  radial  vein 
forking  well  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  before  that  widely  separated 
Trom  the  margin,  midway  between  which  and  it  the  costal  vein  runs ;  ulnar 
vein  much  as  in  the  species  here  referred  to  Cercopis.  Both  middle  and 
hind  femora  are  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  their  respective  tibia?.  Abdo- 
men stout,  tapering  conically  in  the  apical  half 

To  this  genus  evidently  belongs  Cercopis  haidingeri  Heor  from  Radoboj, 
Croatia,  which  is  slightly  larger  than  the  larger  of  the  two  species  from 
Florissant  we  place  here. 

Table  of  the  tpeoiea  of  Locrites. 

Larger  species;  tegmina  nniformly  mottled  in  generally  distributed  blotches 1.  L.  eopfi. 

Smaller  species;  markings  of  tegmina  confined  to  obscnre  transverse  darker  bands  in  the  basal  two- 
thirds  of  the  wing 2,  L.  tchilti. 

1.  Locrites  copei. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  19. 

In  one  of  the  specimens  referred  here,  the  one  figured,  the  dorsal  sur- 
face is  shown,  but  with  many  of  the  ventral  parts  showing  through.  The 
tegmina,  however,  as  in  many  of  the  insects  from  Florissant,  .ippear  as  if 
bleached  out,  and  the  real  markings  lost ;  for  these  we  have  to  go  to  the 
second  specimen,  preserved  upon  a  side  view,  which  shows  a  delicate  mot- 
tling of  dark,  circular  or  transverse,  minute  spots,  more  or  less  clustered 
into  larger  but  still  sma''  roundish  blotches,  pretty  evenly  distributed,  but 
absent  from  the  extreme  tip ;  the  sutura  clavi  is  very  distinct  and  heavy, 


324 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i; 


fr 


il  u 


I 


and  the  whole  of  the  clavus  obscure.  The  liead,  thorax,  and  scutellum 
appear  to  be  uniformly  and  deeply  sulcate  (or  marinate,  if  No.  9374  is  an 
obverse). 

Length  of  body,  15  5""';  of  tegmina,  14""";  breadtli  of  thorax,  S.S"""' ; 
combined  tegmina,  10""". 

Named  for  Prof.  E.  D.  Cope,  of  Philadelpliia,  the  distinguished  and 
versatile  paleontologist  and  collaborator  of  tlie  Tlayden  Survey. 

Florissant.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  9374,  and  of  the  I'rinceton  Collec- 
tion 1.903. 

2.    LOCRITKS   WHITEI. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  17. 

The  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  represent  tlie  dorsal  surface  of  an 
Insect  with  closed  wings.  The  head  is  relatively  broader  th:ni  in  the  last 
species,  with  a  similar  though  much  slighter  mediodorsal  sulcation;  the 
ocelli  appear  to  be  nearer  together  than  to  the  eyes.  The  body  is  black, 
and  the  tegmina  dark  fuliginous,  but  permitting  the  black  abdomen  to  be 
seen  through  them ;  the  distal  half  appears  to  be  uniform,  but  the  basal 
half  to  be  transversely  banded  by  broad  darker  bars,  between  which  and 
between  the  basal  bar  and  the  base  the  tegmina  are  slightly  lighter  than  the 
normal  ground,  accentuating  the  bands. 

Length  of  body,  13.25""";  tegmina,  12'"°';  breadth  of  thorax,  5'"'"; 
combined  tegmina,  7""". 

Named  for  my  colleague,  Dr.  C.  A.  White,  one  of  the  paleontological 
collaborators  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  8313  and  8314. 


r 


Us  I 


PALECPHORA  gen.  nov.  {TraXatS?,  inqxypa). 

Allied  to  Triecphora  in  neuration,  but  with  a  more  slender  habit  and 
relatively  far  smaller  clavus.  Head  suborbicular,  about  half  as  broad  as 
tlie  thorax,  the  front  well  rounded,  in  no  sense  angulate,  with  a  slight  longi- 
tudinal carina ;  ocelli  posteriorly  placed,  much  nearer  together  than  to  the 
eyes.  Thorax  rather  broader  than  long,  the  front  and  posterior  margins 
truncate,  the  sides  angulate,  so  as  to  be  as  a  whole  transversely  hexangular, 
but  more  or  le.ss  rt)uuded,  so  as  often  to  appear  suborbicular;  marked  indis- 


lir 


HEMIPTEKA— HOMOPTERA— OERCOPID.TU. 


325 


I 


tmctly  with  a  faint  median  sulcation  and  in  the  middle  of  the  lateral  halves, 
anteriorly,  witli  posteriorly  converging  similar  carina?,  to  be  seen  only  in 
clear  specimens.  Scutellum  moderately  large,  subequiangular,  slightly 
broader  than  long,  the  sides  faintly  concave,  continuous  with  the  angles  of 
the  thorax,  the  base  truncate,  the  tip  sharply  pointed.  Tegmina  long  oval, 
the  clavus  occupying  not  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  whole,  which  is  fully  two 
and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  tapering  Ciily  at  the  extreme  tip  and 
roundly  pointed  slightly  above  the  middle  line,  the  costal  margin  prettj 
strongly  convex  ;  the  costal  vein  appears  to  be  lacking ;  the  radial  with  its 
outer  fork  runs  in  one  continuous  line  parallel  to  the  costal  margin  through- 
out and  at  a  moderate  distance  from  it ;  its  inner  fork  parts  from  it  a  very 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  ulnar  forking  considerably  before 
the  middle ;  all  these  branches  parallel  and  united  by  subcontinuous  cross- 
veins  parallel  to  the  apical  margin,  from  the  middle  of  each  of  which  the  lon- 
gitudinal veins  continue  to  the  margin,  one  or  two  of  the  upper  ones  (and 
especially  the  second)  usually  widely  forked,  forming  apical  cells  nearly  a 
sixth  the  length  of  the  wing;  besides  this,  straight  but  rather  strongly 
oblique  cross- veins  connect  the  upper  radial  branch  to  the  margin;  all  of 
this  minor  venation  is  sometimes  obscured  by  the  opacity  of  the  membrane. 
Wings  a  little  shorter  than  the  tegmina.  of  the  usual  form,  the  marginal  vein 
continuous ;  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  united  by  a  straight  cross- 
vein  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  the  second  bent 
down  to  meet  it ;  third  and  fourth  similarly  united  scarcely  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  the  fourth  deeply  forked,  almost  to  the  cross-veiii,  the 
lower  branch  abruptly  curved  at  base.  Legs  short  and  slender,  the  fore  and 
middle  pair  of  nearly  the  same  length,  the  hind  pair  a  little  longer ;  all  the 
femora  and  particularly  the  hind  pair  very  short,  not  reacliing  the  sides  of 
tlie  body,  scarcely  broader  than  the  slightly  enlai-ged  apex  of  the  tibiae ; 
tibiae  longer  than  the  femora,  in  the  hind  pair  twice  as  long  and  with  two 
pairs  of  spines ;  tarsi  considerably  shorter  than  the  tibia;,  in  the  fore  and 
middle  legs  shorter,  in  the  hind  legs  longer,  than  the  femora ;  in  the  hind 
legs  the  first  joint  is  slightly  shorter  than  the  third,  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
the  second,  the  first  and  second  with  short  spines  at  the  apex  beneath ;  third 
joint  at  base  half  as  wide  as  the  second,  enlarging  in  the  apical  half.  Abdo- 
men full,  long  ovate,  bluntly  pointed. 


ml 


I'ilU: 


326  TKUTfAUY  INSKdTH  OF"  NORTH  AMKKIdA. 

This  gonua  is  tiie  inont  abundiiiitly  ruprosentud  in  individualH  of  juiy  of 
tlie  Hotnoptera  of  Florissant.  It  is  also  rich  in  species.  In  neuration  it 
agrees  very  closely  with  Triecphora  and  Tomaspis,  but  is  much  slenderer 
than  they,  has  a  pattern  of  coloration  (explained  under  the  first  species) 
peculiarly  its  own,  while  the  hind  tibiic  have  two  pairs  of  spines,  and  the 
tarsi  are  apically  spinous  in  a  similar  manner.  The  length  of  the  terminal 
tarsal  joint  and  the  orbicular  form  of  the  head  are  also  characteristic. 

Six  species  have  been  recognized,  which  may  bo  separated  by  the  fol- 
lowing table : 

Table  of  the  tinclea  of  I'olecphoru. 

Of  largo  Hizo.     Fore  wings  more  or  less  (listiuctly  spotted. 

Apical  spots  coimectod  by  a  liund  bordering  tlio  whole  ape.x. 

A  distiuct  spot  ill  the  center  of  tbo  basal  half  of  the  wing 1.  /'.  maouUla. 

No  spot  in  the  center  of  the  basal  half  of  ^he  wing 'i.  I',  palej'uita. 

No  baud  bordering  the  apex. 

Veins  of  the  furo  wings  distinct,  especially  the  ciOHN-vciiiM  mi  tin-  oiitrr  Uaii  iif  the  costal  bor- 
der; spots  iiunicroiis  and  usnally  distinct 3.  /'.  marvinei. 

Veins  of  the  fore  wing  indistinct,  the  spots  usually  more  or  lessobsoiire,  only  that  near  the  end 
of  the  sutnra  clavi  distinct. 
Most  of  the  spots  of  the  margins  of  the  wing  traceable  but  obsciiru,  excepting  as  above. 

4.  P.  communis. 
Most  of  the  spots  of  the  margins  of  the  wing  wholly  obliterated,  except  as  above,  bnt  the 

base  of  the  costa  usually  infiiscated !>.  P.  prmmleiiH. 

Of  medium  size.     Fore  wings  iiuicolorous ti.  /'.  inoniata. 


1.  Palecphora  maculata. 


W: 


PI.  20,  Figs.  10,  17. 

This  is  the  most  profusely  spotted  of  all  the  Palecphora\  The  head 
and  body  are  uniformly  dark,  and  the  wings  membranous  and  without 
markings,  but  the  tegmina  are  generally  very  distinctly  and  always  very 
abundantly  marked  with  dark  fuliginous,  subequal  spots  on  a  pale  ground. 
There  is  a  heavy  basal  striga  on  the  costal  margin,  thickening  distally,  all 
within  the  basal  fifth  of  the  wing,  and  accompanied  by  a  triangular  oppos- 
ing cloud  on  the  scutellar  margin,  rcK^.iing  the  tip  of  the  scutellum  and 
leaving  between  it  and  the  basal  striga  only  a  narrow,  longitudinal  strip  of 
pale  ground  at  the  base  of  the  veins ;  next  the  opening  of  this,  at  the  basnl 
parting  of  the  veins,  is  another  longitudinally  triangular  spot ;  at  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  seated  on  the  costal  margin  and  on  the  sutura  clavi  but  not 
invading  the  clavus,  is  a  pair  of  further  spots  subquadrate  or  subtriangu- 
lar,  their  apices  directed  obliquely  inward  tind  towards  the  apex;  in  the 


IIEMII'TKUA— HOMOl'TKRA— CERCOPIDiE. 


327 


Hame  median  region  in  another  subquadrate  spot  in  the  daviis  seated  on  the 
margin  and  generally  limited  interiorly  by  the  anal  vein,  along  which  it 
may  send  shoots  in  either  direction  ;  at  equal  and  not  great  distances  from 
the  apical  margin  is  another  pair  of  transverse  subquadranguhu  spots  close 
to  but  not  fairly  seated  upon  the  costal  margin  and  sutura  clavi,  which  are 
sometimes  cotmected  by  n  narrow  fringing  band  which  hugs  the  apical 
margin,  though  this  band  is  sometimes  reduced  to  an  apical  cloud  which 
barely  reaches  the  spots  on  either  side.  The  spots  may  thus  bo  designated  as 
basal,  subbasal,  median  (co8to-me<linn,  suturomedian,  and  clavo  median), 
subapical,  and  apical.  The  neuration  of  the  tegmina  can  rarely  be  distin- 
guished except  in  the  most  general  wny  as  regards  the  main  veins,  but 
where  the  markings  are  most  obscure,  as  in  specimens  which  have  some- 
what of  a  bleached  appearance,  the  mino^  neuration  of  the  apex  of  the 
wing's  can  be  discovered  faintly. 

Lengtli  of  Ijody,  lO.ij"""' ;  of  tegniinn,  T..")""";  breadth  of  thorax,  S..')"'"'. 

Florissant.  Ten  8pecin.en.s,  Nos.  622,  3016,  345«,  3.'').'J4,  37.14,  /341, 
11237.  U324,  13557,  16351. 


2.  Paleci'hi^ka  patefacta. 
Pi,  7,  Fig.  7. 

In  this  species,  the  only  one  yet  found  elsewhere  than  at  Florissant, 
the  markings  of  the  tegmina  are  much  the  same  as  ia  P.  maculata,  but  are 
somewhat  reduced,  and,  what  is  more  remarkable,  the  subbasal  spot  is  ab- 
sent ;  this  point  seems  to  be  sufficiently  clear,  though  the  outspread  teg- 
mina are  preserved  in  a  fragmentary  uianner,  curiously  most  perfect  just 
where  the  spots  occur,  as  though  the  pigment  bore  some  part  in  their  pres- 
ervation    No  veins  are  visible. 

Length  of  body,  10""";  of  tegminajS-S™";  breadth  of  thorax,  3""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  1  and  143,  Prof.  Leslie 
A.  Lee. 

3.  Palecphoea  makvinei. 
PI.  20,  Figs.  11-13;  Pi.  21,  Figs.  9, 12, 

This  species  is  remarkable  for  the  great  distinctness  with  which  ordi- 
narily (the  considerable  distinctness  invariably)  the  complete  neuration  of 
the  apical  half  of  the  wing  is  seen,  as  described  under  the  genus.     The 


328 


TKItTIAIlY  INSKiriH  OK  NOKTII  AMKKICA. 


]Ui\ 


inarkingH  of  tlio  toginiiiii  iiro  usiiiilly  very  diHtinct,  uspociuUy  thoHC  of  the 
inner  margin,  where  tlie  stiliiipical  spot  is  nwst  (lonHpicuoiirt.  Hotli  basal 
spots  are  present,  but  the  scutellar  nmeh  reduced  uiid  often  obscure ;  the 
subbasal  is  always  absent,  as  fur  us  1  have  soon :  of  the  median  spots  the 
costo-median  is  never  present,  und  the  suturo-mediun  generally  obscure, 
often  removed  away  from  the  suture  and  frequently  absent,  while  the 
clavo-median  is  always  })re9ont  and  generally  distinct;  the  sub" nical  spot 
of  the  costal  margin  is  nevermore  than  faintly  indicated  if  present,  and  the 
apical  marginal  band  invariably  absent. 

Length  of  body,  10""";  of  tegmina,  8""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  S.S""'. 

Named  for  the  late  Archibald  Robertson  Marvine,  one  of  the  active  and 
acute  geologists  of  the  Ilayden  Survey. 

Florissant.  Eleven  specimens,  Nos.  Ifi83,  3090,  3801,  4256,  4431, 
5761,  6484,  8743,  9158  and  9254,  12978,  13578. 


1 


4.    PALKCPnORA   COMMUNI.S. 


|!<f 


Id 


ill'-. 


m 


PI.  20,  Figs.  3,  20,  21. 

This  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  last,  hardly  differing  from  it  except 
in  the  obscurity,  not  always  absolute,  of  the  ntiuration  of  the  tegmina, 
indicating  a  more  coriaceous  texture  to  the  same.  It  is  .slightly  smaller 
as  a  rule,  tliough  some  specimens  are  as  large  as  many  of  1*.  marvinei. 
The  spots  of  the  tegmina  are  also  much  the  same  as  there,  but  tlu  ugh  the 
lower  subapical  spot  is  sometimes  the  only  one  which  is  conspicuous  it 
usually  shares  its  distinction  with  all  the  others  of  the  inner  margin,  while 
rarely  are  any  of  those  of  the  costal  margin  seen  at  all,  except  the  basal 
one,  the  costo-median  being  almost  invariably  absent  and  never  conspicu- 
ous, being  wrongly  represented  as  of  much  too  deep  a  tint  in  Fig.  3 ;  the 
subbasal  spot  and  apical  band  are  never  present,  and  the  suturo-median  spot 
is  never  more  than  a  faint  cloud. 

Length  of  body,  9.25""' ;  of  tegniina,  7.5""' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3'"'". 

Florissant.  Thirty-four  specimens,  Nos.  159,  2087,  4476,  4759,  5189, 
5720,  5862,  5911,  5950,  6524,  6636,  7496,  8037,  8098,  8894,  8937,  8969, 
9218,  10681,  11009,  11767,  12468,  12471.  12984,  13000,  13568,  13570, 
13577,  13580,  13581,  13584,  14187,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collection  1.320, 
1.826  and  1.830, 


h  I 


HKMIPTEUA— HOMOI'TKHA— CKKOOl'ID.K. 


32y 


1 


5.  Pai.kci'hoka  pr,«vai,enh. 
PI.  liO,  Fig.  I  ;  n,  21,  Fig.  2. 

This  species,  by  far  the  most  cuiniiioii  of  nil  tho  IIt)iiu»i)tem  of  Floris- 
sant, is  least  heavily  marked  aiiionir  all  those  Pulecphonit  which  show 
plainly  tho  infeiior  subapical  spot.  Tliis  is  iiHiially  present,  and  sometimes, 
though  very  rarely,  distinct,  while  tho  other  spcjts  are  almost  wholly 
obscured  or  appear  as  clouds,  except,  indeed,  the  superior  contn]  spot,  which 
appears  as  a  thickening  of  the  base  of  the  costa  slightly  eidarged  distally, 
and  is  rarely  absent,  usually  tolerably  d'stinct,  almost  always  slender,  and 
the  costa  is  sometimes  a  little  thickened  beyond  the  enlargement  at  the 
normal  spot.  The  species  is  one  of  the  largest  in  size,  but  only  to  a  slight 
degree. 

Lengtli  of  body,  10.5-11""";  of  tegmina,  8""»;  breadth  of  thorax,  3-3.5"'"'. 

Florissant.     About  seventy-five  specimens,  among  which  the  best  are 

Nos.  543,  829,  ISii,  3315,  523f),  fi050,  6807,  7742,  8008  and  80S1,  8035, 

10383,  11236,  11762,  13567,  13576,  and  from  the  Princeton  Collection 

1.710,  1.838. 

6.  Palecphora  inoknata. 

PI.  20,  Fig.  1.5." 

In  striking  contrast  to  the  other  species  of  Florissant  I'alecphorae,  this 
species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen,  which  differs  greatly  from  them. 
It  is  of  considerably  smaller  size  than  the  others  (which  are  very  uniform 
in  this  particular),  and  .shows  but  the  faintest  trace  of  markings,  while  the 
whole  of  the  tegmina  is  fuliginous  instead  of  pallid,  with  scarcely  percepti- 
bly darker  tones  at  the  extreme  tip  (not  given  in  the  figure),  and  at  the 
position  of  the  inferior  subapical  and  costo-median  spots ;  the  sutura;  clavi 
is  distinctly  marked  by  a  dark  line. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""' ;  of  tegmina,  6""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  609. 

LTTHECPHORA  gen.  nov.  {\/9o?,  h«popd). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Palecphora,  having  precisely  the  same 
neuration  in  the  hind  wings,  but  differing  principally  in  the  form  and  struct- 
ure of  the  tegmina.  These  are  less  ovate  in  form,  the  margins  being  almost 
or  quite  parallel  and  the  apical  margin  symmetrically  rounded,  instead  of 


-.y      a 
.i  i.   9 


--iS-'  I 


330 


IKHTIAKV  INSECTS  OK  NOKTJl   AMEJiHJA. 


Tlni' 


Jl 


Imving  the  apex  nbeve  the  nii'ldle  ;  the  costal  niavghi  also  is  tnnch  thickened, 
iiiiil  in  one  species  at  lei>it  armed  with  short  bristles;  though  the  substance 
of  the  tegmina  is  tenuous,  peVniitting  the  veins  of  the  wings  beneath  them 
to  be  readily  visible,  at  least  in  their  lo\ver  half,  the  whole  is  minutely 
tliough  feebly  and  distantly  punctuate,  more  conspicuous  on  the  basal  than 
the  apical  half 

Table  of  iliC  ipecies  of  Lithecphora. 

distill  inargiu  ol'tugniion  diatinctly  tliickoni'il, 

Tegmtua  with  tlie  cusitiil  iimi'gin  bristletl  iitiil  a  large  pallid  patoli.jnst  beyond  the  middle.  1. 1.  uligera. 

Tegmiua  with  the  coHtiil  innrgiii  thickpiied  hut  uot  hristh'd  and  with  no  pallid  patch.. '^,  L,  diaphaiia. 
Costal  margin  nf  tegmiiui  not  tlistiiiitly  thiukonod. 

Tegmina  wit  hunt  cestui  niarkiugH 3.  L.uiiivolor. 

Tegmina  with  coatnl  markings 4.  L.  mumtu. 


^ 


:  t  { 

■'i 


1.  LiTHECPHOBA.   8ETIQEBA. 

PI.  20,  Fig.  22. 

A  single  specimen  is  known,  obtained  by  the  Princeton  College  Expedi- 
tion. The  wings  of  the  riglit  side  are  partly  expanded,  but  the  anterior 
cxtreinity  of  the  body  is  uuu'^h  broken;  the  margins  of  the  tegmina  are 
roiuarkabiy  parallel,  the  costal  edge  fringed  with  very  short  spinous  bristles; 
the  a[)ical  margin  is  very  legularly  ror.iuled,  the  apex  tailing  in  the  middle. 
The  body  is  black  and  the  tegmina  pale  fuliginous,  with  a  large  roundish 
pallid  patch  on  the  costal  margin,  crossing  about  two-thirds  of  the  wing,  its 
inner  border  at  the  ntiddle  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body  (i)artl\-  estimated),  7.25™"';  breadth  of  thorax,  2.75"""; 
length  .>f  tegmina,  (>""". 

Floiissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1.121,  Princeton  Collection. 

2.  LiTHECPHOBA   DUPHANA. 

PI.  21,  Fig.  13. 

A  single  specimen  is  known,  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view  with  the  teg- 
mina and  wings  half  expanded.  The  body  is  dark  brown,  the  tegmina 
a|i|»arently  diaphanous  oi  almost  so,  at  least  in  the  lower  half,  for  the  veins 
of  the  wings  show  through  them  perfectly;  the  costal  margin  is  nearly 
straight,  but  has  a  slight  and  constant  convexity,  so  that  the  two  nmrgins 
are  i.ot  quite  parallel ;  this  sauu*  margin  is  nuich  thickened,  more  so  in  the 


IIKMIPTKRA— irOMOI'TKUA— OEKM  OIMD.K. 


:{3l 


^ 


basal  Imlt'  than  the  other  specie-s  but  ihwo  is  no  wi«rn  of  ,s|»iiious  hairs,  and 
the  togmina  are  more  pointod  at  t![). 

Length  of  bculy,  8""";  (tftegnuna,  7""";  breadtli  of  thorax,  2.<o"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  iU). 

3.    LlTHECPHORA    UNICOLOR. 
PI.  21,  Figs.  4,  5,  11,  14. 

I^his  seems  to  be  an  abundant  species,  if  all  the  specimens  1  have  re- 
ferred to  it  belong  here,  but  not  a  single  one  is  well  preserved,  and  if  cor- 
rectly placed  it  must  have  been  an  exceptionally  delicate  insect.  The  most 
that  ca.i  be  said  of  it  in  distinction  from  the  other  species  is  that  the  tcgmina 
are  slender,  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  with  tolerably  distinct  veins 
throughout,  the  costal  border  slightly  curved  at  extreme  base  and  gradually 
falling  to  join  the  apical  margin  on  the  apical  fourth  of  the  wing,  the  apex 
slightly  produced  and  perfectly  symmetrical ;  they  show  no  signs  of  thicii- 
ening  of  the  costal  nuirgin  and  were  evidently  without  niRrlvings.  The  liiud 
tibial  appear  to  be  longer  than  in  the  other  species. 

Length  of  bod}^  7.25""" ;  of  tegniina,,5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""". 

Florissant.  About  fifty  specimens,  of  which  the  best  are  Nos.  197U, 
fviOO,  11103,  12447,  13337,  14178. 


■* 


V 


4.    LlTHECPHORA   MURATA. 
PI.  21,  Figs.  3,  8. 

This  species  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  which  it  much  resembles,  dif- 
fering from  it  in  imitating  to  a  certain  extent  the  markings  characteristic  of 
Palecphorie.  The  tegmina  are  dender,  nearly  three  and  a  half  times  longer 
than  broad,  with  the  costal  border  strongly  shouldered  at  base  and  scarcely 
declining  at  tip,  the  apex  broadly  and  synunetrically  rounded  and  in  no 
way  produced ;  tlu!  venation  is  very  feeble  and  the  markings,  djirk  on  a 
light  ground,  consist  of  a  basal  ( ostal  striga  and  two  cloudy  transverse 
streaks,  only  on  the  costa  at  all  distinct  and  there  obscure,  dividing  the 
wing  into  nearly  equal  thirds.     All  the  specimens  are  poor. 

Length  of  body,  9"™ ;  of  tegmina, 6.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.9"". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  912,  11007,  12776. 


|-*-i| 


-t 


382 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


'% 


'i 


u 

1)  i 


PRINECPIIORA  gen.  nov.  (rrpiv,  iucpopd). 

Allied  to  Palecphora,  but  of  a  still  slenderer  form,  and  in  markings 
resembling  Triecphora,  than  which  it  is  far  more  slender.  Head  half  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  less  than  half  as  long  as  broad,  very  bluntly  rounded, 
and  in  no  sense  angulate  in  front,  the  middle  with  an  exceedingly  slight 
longitudinal  carina.  Thorax  as  in  Palecphora,  as  also  the  scutellum,  except- 
ing that  it  is  equiangular.  Tegff.ina  slender,  almost  three  times  as  long  as 
broad,  with  nearly  parallel  sides,  relatively  straight  costa  and  broadly 
rounded  symmetrical  apex ;  clavus  occupying  about  one-fourth  of  the  wing, 
terminating  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  same ;  neuration  obscure 
but  apparently  with  rather  long  apical  cells.  Wings  and  neuration  as  in 
Palecphora,  but  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  not  quite  so  deeply  forked 
and  the  fork  more  symmetrical.  Legs  very  imperfectly  preserved  in  the 
specimens  known,  but  apparently  a  little  longer  than  in  Palecphora.  Abdo- 
men very  full,  tapering,  the  apical  segments  pinched. 

A  single  species  is  known,  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  Plorissant  Homoj)- 
tera. 

Prinecphora  ralteata. 

PI.  20,  Fig.  14, 

Head  and  thorax  finely  granulated,  the  eyes  apparently  margined  nar- 
rowly with  black.  Tegmina  similarly  but  less  conspicuously  granulated, 
blackish  fuliginous,  deeper  in  tint  on  the  basal  than  on  the  apical  half, 
marked  with  two  broad,  pale,  transverse  bands,  whicli  are  broadest  on  the 
costal  margin ;  the  first  occupies  the  bast-,  crossing  the  entire  wing,  and  is 
bounded  outwardly  by  a  curved  line,  angulate  at  the  sutura  clavi,  which 
runs  from  about  the  end  of  the  basal  third  of  the  costal  margin  inward ;  the 
second,  sometimes  narrowly  connected  with  the  first  along  the  costal  edge, 
runs  from  the  costal  margin  to  the  sutura  clavi  as  the  amalgamation  of  two 
spots :  a  circular  one  resting  on  the  sutura,  its  inner  edge  at  the  center  of 
the  wing,  and  a  triangular  one,  its  base  seated  on  the  costal  margin  and  its 
apex  about  the  center  of  the  circular  spot. 

Length  of  body,  T.TS'"™ ;  of  tegmina,  6""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""". 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  8886,  9198,  11774,  and  from  the 
Princeton  Collection,  1,604. 


HEMIPTEBA— nOMOPTBRA— CERCOPID^. 


Subfamily  APHUOPHORIDA  Stal. 


333 


Very  few  fossils  have  been  referred  to  this  group  of  Cercopidse,  as  com- 
pared with  the  otlier,  althougli  in  temperate  regions  at  the  present  day  tlie 
Aphrophorida  are  in  excess.  [leer  and  others  have  descriijed  a  number  of 
species  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  both  in  the  rocks  and  in  amber,  and 
theie  have  all  been  referred  to  the  single  genus  Aphrophora.  There  are, 
liowever,  a  number  of  others  regarded  by  Heer  as  species  of  Cercopis,  which 
must  certainly  be  referred  to  the  Aphroi)horida,  if  his  figures  are  at  all  cor- 
rect ;  such  are  0.  fasciata  and  C.  pallida,  probably  also  C.  oeningensis  ami 
perhaps  C.  rectelinea.  The  sar.ie  is  true  of  Germar's  C  melajna  from  amber. 
As  already  stated,  the  species  from  Florissant  I  formerly  regarded  as  related 
to  Ptyelus  turn  out  to  be  true  Cercopida,  but  there  nevertheless  appear  at 
this  same  station  not  only  an  obscure  form  temporai-ily  referred  to  Aphro- 
phora, but  two  other  forms  of  considerable  interest,  one  of  which  appears  to 
be  a  distinct  type,  which  I  have  called  Palaphrodes,  with  several  species, 
most  of  them  tolerably  abundant ;  the  other,  a  single  specimen,  which  must 
be  referred  latitudinally  to  the  highly  specialized  existing  Clastoptera. 


PALAPHRODES  gen.  nov.  (a-aA«/fJ?,  dcppcoSrf?). 

Stout  bodied,  of  oval  form.  Head  well  rounded  in  front,  nearly  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  reaching  on  either  side  posteriorly  the  more  sloping  por- 
tion of  the  front  of  the  anterickly  angulate  and  rounded  thorax  and  there- 
fore considerably  narro .  er  than  it.  Ocelli  as  far  from  each  other  as  from 
the  eyes.  Thorax  hexangular,  the  lateral  sid<  tl»e  shortest,  and  after  that 
the  central  portion  of  the  posterior  border,  whicli  is  slightly  shorter  than  the 
oblique  portions,  the  whole  thorax  half  as  broad  again  as  l'>ng  and  notcari- 
nate.  Scutellum  rather  small,  equiangular,  all  the  sides  straight  or  the 
lateral  slightly  concave.  Tegmina  broad  oval,  but  little  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  the  costal  margin  strongly  arched  the  apex  rounded  but 
more  or  less  acuminate,  the  neuration  much  as  in  Aphrophora.  Wings 
ample,  well  rounded,  with  no  apical  emargination,  a  little  shorter  than  the 
tegmina;  the  second  and  third  and  also  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins 
united  by  straight  transverse  or  oblique  cross-veins  at  equal  distances  from 
the  margin,  at  about  the  end  of  the  middle  third  of  the  wing,  the  third  and 
fourth  by  a  similar  vein  at  about  the  center  of  the  wing. 


334 


TRRTlAUy  INSECTS  OF  NOltTH  AMKBICA. 


i- 


Th'  anus  aeenis  to  fall  80uiewhere  oetween  Cephisus  and  Avernus, 
but  the  L./ucture  of  the  hind  legs  is  not  known.  It  v/as  an  abundant  type 
in  the  Florissant  basin,  five  species  being  already  known,  most  of  them  by 
a  considerable  nimiber  of  examples. 

Table  of  the  apeeiea  of  Palaphroileii. 

Middle  of  the  tegiuiua  traversed,  at  least  on  t'ae  costal  edge,  by  a  black  band ;  iio  long  baHo-costal 
stripe. 
Middle  stripe  of  tegniiua  distinctly  travoraiiig  tbe  wing  transversely  without  change  of  breadth  ; 

ujuratiou  distinct ).  ;>.  oinrla. 

Middle  stripe  of  ti'i;rain»  not  distinctly  tnivorMiiig  the  wing  transversely  witliont  change  of  breadth ; 
ni'        ion  indistinct. 
Middle  stiiio  of  togniina  coufinuii   to  a  spot  on  the  costal  edge  and  this  usually  suuiewhat 

obscure 2.  P.  obiieura. 

Middle  stripe  of  tegniina  directed  obliquely  outward. 

•Subapical  costal  stripe  of  tegniina  uioder.itely  oblique  and  moderately  broad,  with  irrt-giilar 

margins 3.  r.  irregularin. 

Subapical  costal  stripe  of  tegniina  very  oblique,  very  slender,  with  sharply  defined  straight 

niargias 4.  P.  obliqua. 

Middle  of  the  tegniina  traversed  by  a  pale  band  ;  a  long  and  broad  baso-costal  dark  stri|  <■ 

5.  I',  transversa. 

1.  Palaphrodes  cincta. 

PI.  20,  Pig.  16;   Fl.  21,  Fig.  15. 

Body  uniformly  dark  colored,  the  incisures  of  the  abdomen  paler.  The 
species  is  distinguished  by  the  markings  of  the  teginina  and  the  distinctness 
of  the  neuration,  the  latter  due  to  its  being  traced  in  black  throughout  the 
apical  half  of  the  wing  ;  the  ground  of  the  tegmina  is  pale,  perhaps  diapha- 
nous ;  the  base  is  blackish,  making  here  a  large  triangular  patch  with  very 
irregular  outer  outline  ;  across  the  middle  of  the  wing,  separated  from  the 
basal  patch  by  the  length  of  the  latter,  is  a  broad,  equal,  straight,  transverse, 
blackish  stripe  or  bar  often  deepest  in  color  on  the  costal  half  or  becoming 
fuliginous  on  the  inner  half ;  its  edges,  and  especially  its  upper,  are  tolerably 
straight.  It  is  followed  at  an  equal  distance  on  the  costal  margin  by  a 
slender,  oblique,  black,  and  narrowing  stripe  just  before  the  apical  cells, 
generall}'^  running  about  half-way  across  the  wing,  parallel  to  the  hind 
margin. 

Length  of  body,  1).;")""" ;  breadtii  of  thorax,  S.iV""' ;  length  of  tegmina, 
H""" ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina  together,  .'>..5""'. 

Florissant.  Thirteen  specimens,  Nos.  208,  582,  6908,  11238,  12094, 
13555,  13573,  14234.  perhaps  1632,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collection  1.505, 
1.813  and  1.841,  1.815  and  1.839. 


t 


■ 


t 


HEMIITEKA— UOxMOPTERA— OBRCOPIIKK. 


335 


Specimen  No.  2U8,  tiwui-ed  on  Plate  21,  has  been  niislnid  iind  was  not 
uxamined  at  the  time  when  this  description  was  drawn  up. 

2.  Palaphkodks  ojJSoirKA. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  18. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding,  to  which  it  is  most  nearly  allied, 
mainly  in  the  obscurity  of  its  markings,  which  in  general  follow  the  position 
of  those  iu  P.  cincta  Unfortunately  the  most  deeply  marked  specimen 
was  figured,  and  its  color  has  been  somewhat  deepened  on  the  plate,  so  that 
the  differences  do  not  there  clearly  appear ;  ordinarily,  however,  besides  the 
obscurity  of  the  markings,  the  middle  transverse  stripe  is  also  broadened, 
and  so,  as  it  were,  diffused  (not  at  all  the  case  in  the  individual  figured), 
and  the  subapical  oblique  stripe  becomes  a  far  broader,  short,  quadrate  bar 
on  the  costal  margin.  It  appears  to  be  ordinarily  a  smaller  species  than  the 
preceding,  but  one  individual  is  nearly  as  large  as  the  largest  of  that  species. 

Length  of  body,  9.25""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3.2"""  ;  length  of  tegmina, 
7.5°"°  ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina  together,  5"'". 

Florissant.  Six  specimens,  Nos.  452,  4287,  4404,  11239,  13321,  and 
of  the  Princeton  Collection  1.816. 

3.  Palaphrodes  iebegulakis. 

PI.  20,  Figs.  2, 18 ;  PI.  21,  Figs.  6,  7. 

This  species,  with  P.  cincta  the  commonest  of  the  genus,  appears  to 
differ  from  it  very  decidedly  in  the  form,  extent,  and  position  of  the  darker 
markings  beyond  the  basal ;  they  occupy,  indeed,  so  much  more  room 
where  they  are  well  developed  ."s  to  cover  moro  space  than  the  lighter  parts, 
so  that  the  tegmina  might  quite  as  well,  or  better,  be  regarded  ni  dark  with 
light  markings ;  the  median  belt  occupies  on  the  costal  margin  precisely  the 
same  position  as  in  P.  cincta,  but  in  passing  across  the  wing  it  immediately 
and  considerably  expands,  rarely,  however,  without  being  more  or  less 
broken  and  blotched  with  pale ;  at  the  center  of  the  wing  its  expansion 
tends  to  break  it  up  into  two  forks,  and  the  commissural  portion  is  highly 
variable ;  in  general,  however,  the  proximal  fork  is  far  more  intense  and 
distinct  than  the  distal,  leaving  between  it  and  tlie  basal  patch  of  the  teg- 
mina an  often  well  defined,  constantly  narrowing,  transvev.«^e,  white  band, 
broad  on  the  costal  margin,  reduced  nearly  to  nothing  oii  the  inner,  and 


^ 


^ 


J    ** 

i 


336 


TEKTIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NOllTH  AMERICA. 


'(r^ 


1  i  I" 


a  - 

IS 


generally  narrowing  abruptly  an  the  sutura  clavi  is  crossed ;  the  distal  fork 
is  directed  toward  the  tip  of  the  sutura  clavi,  but  is  dissipated  and  broken 
into  flecks  before  reaching  it ;  the  subapical,  slender,  oblique,  costal  stripe 
is  much  as  in  P.  cincta,  but  runs  in  the  opposite  direction  and  is  more 
variable  and  almost  always  accompanied  by  an  opposed,  large,  fuliginous, 
subquadrate,  subapical  cloud  on  the  inner  margin. 

This  appears  to  be  one  of  the  largest  species,  but  is  subject  to  consider- 
able variation,  one  of  the  specimens  refeiTed  here  being  one  of  the  smallest. 

liength  of  body,  11""";  breadth  of  thorax,  4'""';  length  of  tegminsi, 
8.8""" ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina  together,  fi"'"". 

Florissant.  Twelve  specimens,  Nos.  43,  854,  2101,  3864,  5058,  8233, 
8536,  10364,  10681),  12090  and  12472,  14200,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collec- 
tion 1.836. 

4.    PaLAPHKODES   OBLIQUA. 
PI.  21,  Fig.  10. 

This  species,  which  seems  to  be  rare,  is  slenderer  than  the  others,  but 
related  pretty  closely  to  the  last,  though  it  has  some  peculiarities  tending 
in  another  direction.  The  body  is  uniformly  dark,  and  the  ground  of  the 
tegmina  dark  with  the  same  dark  basal  patch  found  in  all  the  preceding 
species ;  in  this,  however,  the  median  band  is  not  developed  into  two  forks, 
as  in  the  last  species,  with  the  proximal  fork  the  stronger,  but  there  is  no 
sign  of  a  proximal  fork  unless  a  slight  general  cloudiness  in  this  direction 
may  be  looked  on  as  a  relic  of  the  same ;  the  distal  fork,  howevei',  is  well 
developed,  united,  or  almost  imited  with,  and  in  any  case  directed  tOAvard 
so  as  to  involve,  the  subapical  spot  of  the  inner  margin  found  also  in  the  last 
species ;  in  addition,  as  if  in  recognition  of  the  superinduced  f  bliquity  of 
the  median  band,  the  subapical  costal  striga  has  become  more  oblique  than 
in  P.  irregularis,  and  there  is  a  slight,  slender,  transverse  marginal  cloud. 

Length  of  body,  10.5""";  of  tegmina,  6.25"""';  breadth  of  thorax,  3""». 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  8887,  9531. 

5.  Palaphkodes  transversa. 

This  species,  represented  by  only  a  single  specimen,  differs  much  more 
widely  from  the  others  than  they  among  themselves.  It  is  broader  oval 
than  they,  and  the  markings  are  quite  differently  located.  The  head  and 
bod}'  are  light  instead  of  dark,  with  a  straight,  broad,  ti'ansverse,  dark  belt 


T 


t 


HEMIPTERA— HOMOPTERA— CEUC'OPID^. 


337 


T 


crossing  the  hinder  margin  of  the  thorax,  but  not  involving  the  pale 
scutelluiii.  The  tegniina  are  niarked  at  base  by  two  very  broad,  dark, 
longitudinal  stripes,  one  following  the  costa  for  the  basal  two-fifths  of  the 
wing,  and  here  bent  inward  half-way  across  the  tegmina ;  the  other,  most 
intense  in  color  as  soon  as  the  scutelluin  is  passed,  and  not  extending  so  far 
out  as  the  costal  patch,  occupies  the  base  of  the  clavus ;  the  pale  inner  base 
of  the  corium  is  therefore  nearly  inclosed  with  dark  bands;  outside  of 
these  basal  markings,  which  extend  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  a 
broad,  transverse,  equal,  pretty  sharply  edged,  subapical,  dark  band,  most 
intense  in  tone  on  the  costal  half 

This  insect  differs  so  much  from  the  others  that  I  suspect  it  will  be 
found  necessary  to  separate  it  generically  from  them. 

Length  of  body,  10.5""";  of  tegmina,  7.5""";  breadth  of  thorax,  S.S""*; 
of  closed  tegmina  together,  6°"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  4521. 

APHROPHORA  German 

Half  a  dozen  species  or  more  referred  to  this  genus  have  been  found 
fossil  in  amber,  and  at  Oeningen,  Aix,  Radoboj,  and  at  Greith,  in  the 
rocks;  they  have  been  mentioned  or  described  by.Berendt,  Gravenhorst, 
Germar,  Heer,  and  Giebel.  The  single  one  here  added,  very  imperfectly 
known,  is  placed  here  only  as  the  group  giving  its  name  to  the  subfamily. 


n 


■rg 


+ 


Aphbophora  sp. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  10.  . 

To  Aphrophora  as  typical  of  the  subfamily  I  refer  some  imperfect 
specimens  which  bear  a  certain  general  resemblance  to  Palecphora,  but 
which  have  a  rounded  front  to  the  thorax,  showing  ♦^^hat  they  should  be 
brought  in  this  division.  None  of  them  are  perfect  enough  to  enable  one 
to  draw  from  all  a  i)roper  description,  for  they  appear  to  have  been  fragile 
insects.  The  structure  of  the  legs  appears  to  be  as  in  Palecphora;  the 
tegmina  to  have  been  delicate  and  semi-transparent,  and  to  have  had  a 
large  subapical  costal  cloud. 

Length  of  body,  10"'™;  of  tegmina,  8"":  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5"". 

Florissant.     Six  specimens,  Nos.  1360,  3102,  3474,  4379, 11008, 14022. 

VOL  xui 22 


1 


■■■I 


338 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ii 


i ) 


CLASTOPTERA  Germar. 

It  is  not  a  little  aurprisin'r  to  find  in  the  Florissant  shales  a  species  of  this 
highly  specialized  form.  Apparently  the  tegmina  were  not  so  remarkably 
convex  as  in  modern  types,  but  the  presence  of  this  genus  indicates  once 
more  how  thoroughly  the  present  general  features  of  insect  form  and  struct- 
ure were  established  even  as  early  as  in  Oligocene  times.  It  is  the  only 
fossil  species  known.  The  genus  belongs  to  the  New  World,  and  especially 
to  the  tropics,  but  at  least  a  couple  of  species  are  found  on  our  southern 
Atlantic  coast. 

ClASTOPTEKA   COM8TOCKI. 
PI,  19,  Fig.  22. 

The  head  was  mostly  concealed  under  a  flake  of  stone  when  the  drawing 
for  the  plate  was  made,  since  removed,  showing  it  to  have  had  a  front  margin 
very  regularly  and  very  broadly  convex,  black  like  the  very  transverse 
thorax.  The  form  of  the  dark,  testaceous  scutellum  is  not  quite  fairly  given 
in  the  plate  ;  half  as  broad  at  base  as  the  thorax,  it  is  sharply  and  regularly 
triangular,  almost  or  quite  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  thorax,  and  sharply 
pointed  posteriorly.  The  tegmina  are  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  appar- 
ently nearly  flat  (wholly  flattened  on  the  stone),  less  than  the  apical  third 
diaphanous,  the  remainder  semicoriaceous  and  testaceous,  the  neuration 
obscui'ed  and  even  the  sutura  clavi  scarcely  perceptible,  the  clavus  appar- 
ently nan'ower  and  less  broadly  rounded  at  apex  than  in  our  living  forms. 

Length  to  tip  of  tegmina,  2.8™"°;  breadth  across  closed  tegmina,  2""°. 

Named  for  J.  Henry  Comstock,  professor  of  entomology  in  Cornell 
University. 

Florissant,  Colorado.     One  specimen.  No.  6655. 


Order    HETEROPTERi^    Latreille. 

Of  the  twenty  families  into  which  fossil  Heteroptei'a  may  be  divided 
only  five  are  remarkable  for  the  abundance  of  their  representation  in  the 
existing  fauna.  These  are  the  Reduviidaj,  Capsidfe,  Lygajida?,  Coreidae,  and 
PentatomidfB  ;  and  these  same  families  are  also  well  represented  among  the 
fossils,  containing  together  about  four-fifths  of  the  total  lieteropterous  fauna. 
Indeed,  the  only  other  family  which  can  be  regarded  as  at  all  abundant  in 
Tertiary  times  is  the  Physapodes,  the  known  species  surpassing  those  of  the 


HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEBA. 


339 


Roduvlidaj.  Of  these  six  fumilies  the  Lygrcidoe  were  then  the  most  abun- 
dant, containing  a  little  more  than  25  per  cent  of  the  whole,  followed  hard 
by  the  Pentatomidas  with  a  little  less  than  2r>  per  cent ;  the  Coreida;  come 
next  with  15  per  cent,  followed  at  nearly  similar  distance  by  the  Capsidic 
\vith  9  per  cent.  The  Physapodes  have  7  per  cent  and  the  Reduviidse  only 
4J  per  cent,  mainly  because  America  is  so  strangely  poor  in  this  group, 
having  indeed  but  a  couple  of  species,  the  only  groups  at  all  common  in 
America  being  the  four  with  the  highest  percentages.  Here  the  relative  per- 
centages in  the  two  worlds  are  very  different,  as  will  appear  from  the  follow- 
ing table,  the  Lyga^idae  having  33  per  cent  of  the  whole  American  fauna 
against  19J  per  cent  in  Europe  ;  the  Pentatomida;  24  per  cent  in  America 
against  25^  per  cent  in  Europe,  these  two  sinking  contrasts  combining  to 
give  the  Lygajidae  the  total  preponderance,  hitherto  enjoyed  by  the  Penta- 
tomida3 ;  the  Coreidae  22  per  cent  in  America  against  9  J  per  cent  in  Europe, 
and  the  Capsidae  9  per  cent  in  America  against  10  per  cent  in  Europe. 

Summary  list  of  knotcn  foitil  Hetefoptera. 


Famillei. 


C»rizUliD 

Notouectidu! . . . 

Nepida: 

Bolostomatidiu 

NaucoridiB 

Galgiilidie 

Saldido) 

Veliido) 

Hydrobatidn) . . 
LiiDDobatidiu.. 

RediiviidiB 

Nabido) 

Aradidffi 

Tingidido) 

Acanthiidat   ... 

Capsido) 

PbyBapodcs  

Ij.Vgioidtt) 

Coreidii) 

Pentatomidai.. 


North  America. 


Genera.  Species, 


Total. 


3 

I 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
2 
0 
2 
0 
0 
3 
1 
7 
:< 
26 
14 

m 


80 


A 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
■A 
0 
2 
0 
•0 
3 
1 

13 
3 
51 
34 
37 


154 


Europe. 


Oeuera. 


1 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
8 
2 
7 
2 
1 
4 
0 
13 
4 
6 
12 
14 


77 


Species 


2 
3 
4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

14 

7 

5 

5 

0 

20 

21 

39 

19 

51 


201 


■  What  I  formerly  thonght  to  be  Amdidie  tnmed  out  to  be  Uyodoohina. 


♦ 


340 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


|:! 


IJH 


Of  the  other  smaller  families  the  only  ones  which  surpass  more  than 
five  known  fossil  species  in  all  are  the  Nabidic  with  seven  species  and  the 
Tingididse  with  eight ;  of  these  there  have  been  found  in  America  no  Nabi- 
doEj  whatever  and  the  smaller  half  of  the  Tingididsu.  Other  families  not  found 
in  America  are  the  Nepidoc,  Belostomatida?,  Naucorid.nc,  Saldidce,  Limnoba- 
tida;,  and  Aradidoo,  all  but  the  Saldidfc  having  more  than  one  species  in 
Europe.  On  the  other  hand  the  only  family  found  in  America  and  not  in 
Europe  is  the  Acanthiidte  with  a  single  species.  The  remaining  smaller 
families  represented  on  both  continents  vary  in  their  numbers  from  one  to 
throe  in  America  and  from  one  to  four  in  Europe. 

If,  however,  we  omit  from  this  enumeration  the  forms  which  have  been 
found  in  amber,  and  thus  compare  those  of  the  rocks  only,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing table,  we  shall  meet  with  somewhat  different  results. 

Table  offottil  Heteroptera  from  rock  depoMs. 


Families. 

North  America. 

Europe. 

Genera. 

Species. 

3 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
3 
0 
2 
0 
0 
3 
1 

13 
3 
51 
34 
37 

Geuora. 

Species. 

•  Cor!z!cle9 

2 

1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
2 
2 
0 
o 

0 

0 

3 

1 

7 

3 

26 

14 

IC 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

6 

2 

1 

3 

0 

1 

4  • 

6 
11 
14 

2 
3 
3 
2 

2 
1 

0 

1 
0 

1 

12 
5 
2 
4 
0 
1 

18 
37 
18 
.'iO 

NotoneotidiB ...... .... 

Nepidse 

BelostomatidsB 

GalcrulidoB ...... ...... 

Saldidw 

VeliidtD  ...... .... .... 

Limnobatidiie 

ReduTiidw 

Nabidm 

Tincididm 

AcanthiidtB 

Cttpsidffi ..  ........... 

IjViza)idea 

Pentatouiidge    

Total 

80 

154 

58 

102 

HEMIPTEBA— HETEUOPTfillA. 


341 


^ 


T]ie  principal  change  whicli  may  be  noted  here  ia  the  almost  total 
extinction  of  the  Ciipsidw  in  tlio  European  roproHontation  which  hIiows  but 
a  singlo  Hpccics ;  the  Saldi(lu3  and  Ilydrobatida;  do  not  appear  and  the 
Aradida;  are  notably  reduced.  The  greatest  contrasts  between  the  Euro- 
pean and  American  rocks,  with  an  almost  equal  total  number  of  species,'  is 
seen  in  the  Capsida*,  wliich  have  8  per  cent  of  the  total  fauna  in  America, 
O.G  per  cent  in  Europe,  and  the  Coreidaj  with  22  per  cent  in  America  and 
11  percent  in  Europe  ;  these  are  the  only  cases  of  striking  contrast  in 
which  the  American  fauna  Im  the  richer;  the  others  are  the  lieduviidoi,  1.3 
per  cent  for  America,  7.4  per  cent  for  Europe;  the  Nabidaj,  none  for  America, 
3  per  cent  for  Europe;  and  the  Physapodea  2  per  cent  for  America,  11  per 
cent  for  Europe.  The  contrasted  balance  of  the  Ljgteidaj  and  Pentatomidaj 
is  well  seen,  America  having  33  per  cent  of  Lygieidte  and  24  per  cent  of 
F^Mjtatomidre,  Europe  23  per  cent  of  the  former  and  31  per  cent  of  the  latter. 

Very  little  change  appears  in  the  smaller  families  (a  relatively  small 
number  of  which  occur  in  amber)  except  in  the  entire  absence  of  any  repre- 
sentatives of  Hydrobatida;  and  Saldida),  the  former  occurring  in  America. 
It  is  also  surprising  to  see  how  little  the  larger  families  (with  a  single  excep- 
tion) are  affected  by  the  new  table,  amber  having  but  the  meagerest  possi- 
ble contribution  to  offer  to  the  Pentatomida?,  Coreida;,  Lygajidai,  and 
Physapodes,  while  the  single  exception  noted  above  of  the  Capsidaj  is  a 
startling  one,  amber  furnishing  nineteen  of  the  twenty  European  Tertiary 
species. 

It  may  be  worth  while  to  extend  some  of  these  comparisons  in  a  differ- 
ent direction,  that  of  existing  American  faunas.  There  are,  I  believe,  but 
three  opportunities  for  such  comparison.  First,  Mr.  Uhler's  Check-list  of  the 
North  American  Heteroptera  (1886),  which  embraces  all  species  known  at 
the  time,  including  the  Mexican  and  West  Indian ;  second,  the  same  writer's 
valuable  List  of  the  Hemiptera  of  the  region  west  of  the  Mississippi  (1876), 
which  represents  pai  'icularly  the  geographical  region  of  our  Tertiary  fossil 
Heteroptera ;  and,  third,  Mr.  Distant's  contribution  to  the  Biologia  Centrali 
Americana  (1880-89),  which  has  a  decidedly  more  southern  aspect  than 
Uhler's  gener.al  list.  Distant's  work  has  progres.i'ed  only  through  the  larger 
families  (in  reverse  order  to  that  followed  here)  and  indeed  at  this  writing  the 
supplement  to  the  first  volume  is  not  complete,  and  accordingly  in  what 

>  III  the  enuiueratiou  of  tho  Earopeau  species  a  oonsiderable  number  of  undescribed  speoies  are  iatro- 
duoed  whose  presence  has  been  merely  indicated  by  statements  of  different  naturalists, 


■ti 


343 


TlCllTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTO  AMElilCJA. 


m 


U 


f 


1 1> 


follows  I  liavo  omitted  all  consideration  of  that,  to  make  the  coraparisons 
more  e(iuable.  For  the  sanio  reason,  in  order  to  use  the  lust  work  at  all,  I 
have  instituted  comparisons  only  between  the  families  there  elaborated,  and 
have  used  the  family  groups  in  the  same  sense  as  there,  except  only  that 
I  have  regarded  hia  Pyrrhocoridie  as  a  group  of  Lyga-idfe. 

These  four  families  are  indeed  the  very  ones,  and,  as  will  bo  seen,  the 
only  ones  which  assume  any  importance  in  the  American  Tertiaries ;  and 
a  comparison  of  their  interrelation  as  to  numbers  can  be  shown  succinctly 
by  the  following  table,  which  exhibits  the  relative  percentage  of  representa- 
tion of  each  of  these  families  in  the  different  regions  and  times  as  represented 
in  the  published  lists — the  only  available  ones,  and  which  may  be  supposed 
to  represent,  not  the  numbers,  but  the  relations  with  tolerable  accuracy : 


Families. 

Aiiiericau 
Tertiary. 

IJliler ; 

Western 

List. 

Uhler; 

Ouiieral 

List. 

Distant; 
Central 
America. 

9.6 
37.8 
25  1 
27.4 

U.O 
31.4 
23. 1 
34.5 

25.0 
19.2 
21.6 
34.1 

27.3 
17.7 
21.7 
33.2 

Lvffifiidffi 

Peutatoiuidu! 

Total 

99. 9             100. 0 

99.9 

99.9 

Tlie  correspondence  of  the  numbers  in  the  !  t  two  columns  is  even 
le.ss  remarkable  than  the  disturbance  of  the  relative  percentages  of  the  Cap- 
sidaj  and  Lygajidie  of  the  western  list  when  compared  with  those  of  the 
American  and  C  ;ntral  American  forms  ;  the  merest  indication  of  such  an 
overturn  is  shown  in  the  comparison  of  the  nearer  American  and  the  more 
distant  Central  American  lists  ;  but  the  overturn  is  still  more  complete  and 
in  the  same  direction  when  we  compare  the  existing  and  the  fossil  fauna  of 
the  West.  The  relative  representation,  then,  of  the  four  principal  families 
of  the  Tertiary  Heteroptera  of  the  western  half  of  our  continent  agrees  con- 
spicuously better  with  the  relative  representation  of  the  existing  fauna  of  the 
same  geographical  region  than  with  that  of  the  other  regions  of  the  same 
world.  Either  the  physical  conditions  of  the  region  in  question  have 
remained  since  Oligocene  times  in  the  same  relative  contrast  to  those  of  the 
other  regions  under  comparison,  or  the  present  Heteropterous  fauna  of  the 
West  shows  a  decided  relation  to  that  which  existed  on  the  same  ground  in 
Tertiary  times,  or  both. 


ii 


i'! 


nEMlPTEUA— llliTKUOPTEUA— COmXID.E. 


343 


An  ill  tlio  Ilomoptoni,  and  for  tho  .saiiio  gononvl  rensons,  It  lm«  been 
fouml  imperative  to  eHtiiblitsli  in  tho  Ilotoroptura  a  lar<^e  nuinbor  of  now 
generic  groups  to  treat  them  on  the  name  principles  that  guide  the  zoioogist. 
Characteristics  of  structure  in  antagonism  to  those  prevalent  to-day  in  the 
same  groups  run  throughout  large  divisions,  or  even  families,  and  must 
be  taken  into  account  if  we  are  to  do  justice  to  the  facts.  Bringing  thewe 
thus  into  prominence  will  servo  tho  useful  purpose  of  stimulating  inquiry 
into  their  meaning  and  origin,  which  the  data  at  present  at  hand  seem 
inadeipiate  to  explain.  That  many  of  these  extinct  types  attaiiutd  ;v  high 
degree  of  differentiation  is  readily  seen  by  a  glance  at  the  tabular  view  at 
the  end  of  tho  volume,  where  a  large  immber  of  the  genera  will  bo  found  to 
have  been  represented  by  a  half  dozen  or  more  species  each,  some  of  them 
at  the  time  very  abundant  in  individuals. 

Family  CORIXID^  Douglas  and  Scott. 

This  family,  which  first  appears  in  the  Tertiarie8,Ms  very  poorly  repre- 
sented there.  Only  two  European  species  are  known,  one  each  from 
Oeningen  and  Stossclien.  The  latter  species,  very  small  and  probably 
immature,  is  hardly  recognizable  except  as  a  water-bug  of  some  kind.  That 
from  Oeningen,  referred  like  the  other  to  the  existing  and  wide-spread  genus 
Corixa,  if  intermediate  in  character  between  the  two  species  of  Corixafrom 
Florissant  we  are  able  +0  add  here.  But  the  most  interesting  form  which 
we  give  below  is  the  strange  insect  from  Florissant,  unfortunately  but 
imperfectly  preserved,  which  seems  to  combine  some  of  the  characters  of 
Corixidaj  and  Notonfctida;,  and  to  form  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  probably 
most  nearly  allied  to  Sigara.  '* 


PROSIGARA  gen,  no  v.  (a-po,  Sigara,  nom.  gen.). 

This  is  a  very  curious,  robust,  new  form  of  Corixidaj,  which  seems  more 
nearly  related  to  the  gerontogeic  Sigara  than  the  almost  cosmopolitan  Corixa. 
It  is,  however,  clearly  distinguished  from  either  in  the  great  size  of  the  head. 
[This  is  given,  however,  as  much  too  large  in  the  plate,  where  the  femur  of 
the  left  fore  leg  is  confounded  with  it.]     The  head  is  even  larger  than  in  the 

'  Unless  the  poorly  prestTved  insect  fromtbe  white  Jura  of  Bavaria,  which  Oppeuheim  has  recently 
referred  doubtfully  to  Corixa,  is  to  he  regarded  as  belonging  Iiere, 


wm 


V    i 


344 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


:i 


:MM 


Notonectidse,  subrotund,  but  embracing  the  thorax  posteriorly  as  in  Corjxa; 
it  has  a  median  sulcation.  The  thorax  is  remarkably  large,  broader  than 
the  head,  only  about  twioa  as  broad  as  long,  well  rounded,  posteriorly 
truncate,  separating  off  a  large  triangular  scutellum  (again  like  Notonecta) 
whose  posterior  sides  are  convex  and  the  apex  rounded ;  it  is  only  a  little 
shorter  than  the  thovax  ard  cbout  half  as  broad  as  it.  The  hemelytra  are 
broad  and  well  rcunded,  the  clavus  very  broad,  the  membrane  indistin- 
guishable f'ronj  the  corium,  the  apex  well  rounded,  the  tips  of  the  opposite 
pairs  overlapping  as  in  Sigara ;  the  veins  are  numerous  and  divergent  like 
tho  rays  of  a  fan.  The  legs  are  long  and  slender,  the  middle  pair  nearly  as 
long  a.3  the  body,  the  tarsi  biarticulate,  the  joints  subequal. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

Prosigara  flabellum. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  12, 

A  single  specimen,  showing  a  dorsal  view.  The  whole  body  is  dark 
gray  and  the  hemelytra  delicately  mottled,  through  which  the  dusky  veins, 
growing  darker  apically,  make  their  way,  and,  radiating  in  the  broader  apical 
part  of  the  corium,  from  which  the  membrane  is  indistinguishable,  form  the 
most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  markings ;  none  of  the  last,  however,  appear 
in  the  clavus.     The  tarsus  of  the  middle  legs  is  not  shown  in  the  figure. 

Length  of  body,  6""";  breadth,  1.85™™;  length  of  tegmina,  3.5"""; 
breadth,  1.4"'"';  length  of  middle  (?)  leg  beyond  side  of  body,  S"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1098. 

CORIXA  Geoffrey. 

As  stated  above,  two  European  species  of  this  widely  distributed  genus 
are  known  from  the  European  Tertiaries,  to  which  we  are  able  to  add  two 
others  from  Florissant  with  well  defined  characteristic  markings. 

Table  of  the  ipeciea  of  Corixa. 

Tegmina  more  tban  four  times  longer  tlian  broud 1.  C.  vanduzeei 

Tegmina  less  than  four  times  longer  than  broad '. 2.  C.  immersa. 

1.    CORIXA   VANDCZEEI. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  17. 

A  very  pretty  species  of  about  the  size  and  form  of  C.  alternata  Say, 
but  more  nearly  allied  to  C.  interrupta  Say,  not  only  in  markings  but  also 


HEMIPTEB  4— HETEliOPTEEA-COUIXID^. 


345 


4' 


1 


in  the  form  of  the  costal  field.  I  have  seen  but  few  of  our  many  species  of 
thia  genus,  but  Mr.  Uliler,  v/ho  has  seen  only  the  figure  of  the  present  spe- 
cies, informs  me  that  it  shows  most  resemblance  in  markings  to  0.  praeusta 
Fieb.  of  Europe.  Tiie  thorax  is  dark  and  more  or  less  mottled  with  pale,  a 
mottling  which  appears  to  have  a  transverse  disposition,  but  the  condition 
of  none  of  the  specimens  allows  one  to  say  whether  it  is  as  regu^-'-ly  dis- 
posed as  on  the  hemelytra  or  not.  On  these  the  costal  field  is  p  '  '.  1  '  ith  a 
dusky  vein  extending  down  the  middle,  and  is  very  broad  jus*;  ueyoD-l  the 
base,  being  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  equal  to  one-thirf i  '  !.<,  entire 
breadth  of  the  hemelytra;  beyond  it  narrows,  and  opposite  the  oblique 
termination  of  the  corium  is  lightly  marked  with  the  faintly  and  delicately 
undulate  narrow,  dark,  bands  of  the  rest  of  the  hemelytra ;  these  are  some- 
what broader  than  the  intervening  pallid  spaces,  and  traverse  the  corium 
and  clavus  alike  with  more  or  less  but  ordinarily  not  much  interruption  at 
the  suture ;  on  the  membrane  these  darker  bands  become  shattered  as  if  by 
a  jar  which  has  almost  but  not  quite  destroyed  at  once  their  transverse  and 
their  linear  character. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""° ;  of  tegmina,  6°""  ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina, 
2.6""". 

Named  for  Mr.  E.  P.  Van  Duzee,  of  Buffiilo,  a  careful  student  of  our 
native  Hemiptera,  whoso  assistance  has  been  of  great  service  in  the  study 
of  the  fossil  forms. 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  3219,  3409,  3665,  5178,  7269. 


2.    C0EI>.A   IMMERSA. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  16. 

A  robust  form  with  more  obscure  markings  than  the  preceding  but 
very  similar  in  character.  The  head  and  thorax  are  dark  and  uniform, 
and  the  hemelytra  may  best  be  described  as  dark,  traversed  more  or  less 
distinctly,  more  distinctly-distally  than  next  the  base,  with  pale,  tremulous, 
continuous  threads,  which  cross  corium  and  clavus  alike  but  are  stopped  by 
the  costal  field,  which  is  slender  and  nearly  equal  throughout ;  on  the  mem- 
brane the  markings  are  shattered  and  present  precisely  the  appearance  they 
do  in  C.  vanduzeei ;  the  markings  bear  much  resemblance  to  those  of  C. 
hellensii  Sahib,  of  Europe,  as  figured  by  Snellen. 


1 '; 
II 


ffj. 

;l 

lit. 

li 


it 

m 


346 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  6"™ ;  of  tegmina,  5""" ;  breadth  of  closed  tegmina, 
2.85""". 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  1456,  2238,  fi978 

Family  NOTONECTID^E  Stephens. 

This  family  of  water-bugs  makes  its  first  appearance  in  the  Tertiaries, 
and  then  in  very  scanty  numbers.  But  four  species  rtre  known,  all  of  them 
referred  to  the  existing  genus  Notonecta,  which  has  now  a  wide  distribu- 
tion. The  three  known  European  fossil  species  have  been  reported  respect- 
ively from  Kutschlin,  Rott,  and  Aix.  The  fourth  is  the  species  from  Flor- 
issant, described  below. 

NOTONECTA  Linnd. 

A  single  small  species  of  this  genus  has  occurred  at  Florissant  of  a  sim- 
ilar size  as,  but  of  a  more  robust  form  than,  the  species  described  by  Deicli- 
miiller  from  Kutschlin  ;  a  second  larger  species  has  also  been  described  by 
Heyden  from  Rott,  and  a  third  has  been  indicated  by  Hope  from  Aix. 
Existing  species  of  the  genus  most  abundant  in  temperate  regions  are  found 
nearly  all  over  the  world. 

Notonecta  emersoni. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  11. 

A  small  spQcies,  of  which  possibly  only  immature  individuals  are  at 
hand.  The  smaller  showing  the  dorsal  surface  is  certainly  so,  and  the  other 
showing  the  ventral  surface  is  not  clearly  determinable  in  this  respect.  The 
description  is  taken  mainly  from  the  larger.  It  is  of  a  very  regular  oval 
form  and  is  apparently  mature,  since  on  one  side  is  seen  the  edge  of  the 
hemelytra,  or  what  can  hardly  be  regarded  otherwise.  JVinges  of  combed 
hairs  are  directed  obliquely  backward  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  and  the 
median  forked  line  on  its  posterior  portion  seems  to  indicate  the  hemelytral 
suture  of  the  upper  surface  seen  through  the  body.  The  hind  legs  are  of 
the  usual  type,  terminating  in  a  blunt  point — blunter  than  appears  in  the 
figure,  and  are  minutely  fringed  with  delicate  short  spines.  The  femur, 
tibia,  and  first  tarsal  joint  are  subequal. 


i 


«) 


I 


i 


«) 


HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTERA— GALGULIDJS. 


347 


i^rnm 


Length  of  body,  4.2""" ;  breadth,  LSS"™ ;  length  of  hind  legs,  5.35" 
The  species  is  named  for  the  Massachusetts  geologist,  Prof.  B.  K. 
Emerson,  of  Amherst. 

Florissant.    Two  specimens,  Noa.  3857,  10729. 


Family  GALGULID^  Westwood. 

The  only  fossil  hitherto  known  as  belonging  to  this  family  is  an  insect 
from  the  brown  coal  of  Rott,  described  by  Heyden  as  a  mite  under  the 
name  Linmochares  antiquus,  but  shown  by  Bertkau  to  be  a  galgulid,  and 
probably  only  a  larval  skin  of  one  at  that.  Bertkau  also  regards  the  Flor- 
issant fossil,  described  above  as  a  Thysanuran  under  the  generic  name 
Planocephalus,  as  a  very  similar  creature  and  probably  a  larval  galgulid, 
but  in  this  J  can  not  follow  him ;  nor  are  any  other  Galgulida^  known  among 
the  mass  of  insects  found  at  Florissant.  In  the  similar  beds  at  Green  River, 
however,  a  single  insect  is  preserved  (all  but  the  abdomen)  which  seems  to 
present  characters  which  show  it  to  be  the  nearest  related  to  Pelogonus, 
which,  however,  I  know  only  from  description  and  the  figure  of  Dufour. 
The  present  species  is  very  remarkable  for  several  points :  the  form  of  the 
head,  the  absence  of  any  sign  of  eyes  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  same 
(darker  patches  at  the  outer  limits  of  the  head  probably  indicate  their  exist- 
ence at  this  point  beneath),  the  flattened  bod'",  and  the  long,  i-od-like  legs, 
the  front  pair  longer  and  larger  than  the  others,  but  quite  similar  in  char- 
acter (except  for  lacking  a  tarsal  joint)  and  in  no  way  raptorial.  It  shows 
certiuii  resemblances  to  Aphelocheirus,  but  on  the  whole  seems  rather  a 
member  of  this  family  than  of  the  Naucoridse. 

NECYGONUS  gen.  nov.  (renv?,  yovrj). 

Body  broad  oval,  apparently  much  flattened.  Head  subsemicircular, 
more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  front  border  strongly  and  uniformly 
rounded,  hind  border  truncate,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes  ap- 
parently wholly  inferior,  situated  at  the  posterior  outer  angles.  Rostrum 
long,  lancet-shaped,  not  very  sharply  pointed,  the  last  joint  about  a  fourth 
of  the  total  length.  Antennae  long  and  slander,  considerably  longer  than 
the  width  of  the  body,  the  last  joint  nearly  as  long  as  tlio  tarsi.  All  the 
legs  long,  slender,  rod-like,  similar,  the  femora  nowhere  swollen  but  twice 


348 


TERTIABY  INSECTS  Olf  NOUTH  AMERICA. 


11 

HI 
' 'si/ 


(I 


ii , 

if  ■  ■ 

'i  y  ''< 

i  '3  ■  '■ 

M' 

JJI  ■ 

f  1 1 

|i  .1 

if 

mm 

W^m 

Wm 

as  broad  as  their  tibifB,  which  equal  or  surpass  them  in  length,  the  fore 
femora  considerably  longer  than  the  middle  pair ;  all  the  tarsi  equal,  but 
the  fore  tarsi  two-jointed,  the  others  three-jointed,  the  joints  of  each  sub- 
equal. 

This  genus  diffei's  markedly  from  Pelogonus,  to  which  i^,  appears  to  be 
the  most  nearly  allied,  in  the  great  length  of  the  fore  legs,  which  seem  to 
show  a  relationship  to  the  Naucoridae,  though  they  are  in  no  sense  raptorial. 
It  is  also  peculiar  for  the  want  of  eyes  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  head. 
The  legs  are  smooth. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

NeCYGONUS   R0TUNDATU8. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  8. 

Although  the  abdomen  is  wanting,  the  form  of  the  anterior  part  of  the 
body,  with  the  anterior  position  of  the  legs,  would  indicate  that  the  creature 
was  of  a  short  oval  form,  very  lilely  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  flat 
body,  both  head  and  thorax,  are  of  a  slightly  granular  texture,  and  of  a 
dusky  color,  uniform  for  body  and  legs,  except  that  the  head  is  slightly 
darker  than  the  rest. 

Breadth  of  body,  3.5""";  head,  2.5""";  length  of  head,  1""°;  rostrum, 
2.6"" ;  antennae  (as  far  as  preserved,  detached  from  the  body),  4™"' ;  fore 
femora,  3.25""" ;  tibise,  3.75'""' ;  tarsi,  l"" ;  middle  femora,  2.75"'"' ;  tibijE, 
2.65""';  tarsi,  C.g™"  ;  hind  tarsi,  1.2'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  107,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

Family  VELnD./e  Douglas  and  Scott. 

Westwood  states  that  species  allied  to  Velia  occur  in  the  Secondary 
rocks  of  England,  but  there  is  no  figure  of  them,  and  this  is  the  only  men- 
tion of  their  occurrence  before  the  Tertiaries.  Sirnlarly  their  only  mention 
in  the  later  series  is  by  Serres,  who  says  that  at  Aix  a  spt  sies  of  "  Gerris' 
occurs  which  he  compares  to  Velia  currens.  *  In  our  own  Tertiaries  two 
species  have  occurred,  at  Florissant,  each  apparently  belonging  to  a  dis- 
tinct and  extinct  genus ;  these  I  have  called  Palseovelia  and  Stenovelia. 

Table  of  the  genm-a  of  VclUdai. 

Hiiiil  tibisB  and  first  ta<^al  joint  armed  at  tip  with  long  spines 1.  Palaovelia. 

Hind  tibiio  ;md  first  tarsal  joint  not  armed  at  tip  with  long  spines x.  Stenovelia. 


^ 


HEMIPTBRA— HF;TER0PTERA-VELIID^. 


349 


1.  PALiEOVELIA  gen.  nov.  (TtaXatoS,  Velia,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  much  as  in  Microvelia,  small,  subtriangular,  with  rounded  angles, 
a  little  broader  than  long,  plunged  to  the  eyes  in  the  roundly  emarginate 
prothorax,  and  continuing  the  curve  of  its  rapidly  narrowing  sides,  the  part 
in  front  of  the  eyes  a  little  shorter  than  they.  Thorax  pentagonal,  the  sides 
subequal,  the  lateral  faces  straight,  the  front  concave,  the  posterior  faces 
still  more  concave  but  a  little  shorter  than  the  others,  the  median  posterior 
process  not  reaching  far  back,  rather  acute.  Body  widest  at  the  posterior 
sides  of  the  thorax,  the  abdomen  tapering  but  little,  ii.  its  posterior  third 
roundly  narrowing,  terminating  in  a  bifid  plate,  the  posterior  part  of  the 
abdomen  bluntly  conical,  and  the  entire  body  having  a  long  ovate  shape. 
Hind  legs  very  short,  only  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  femora  and 
tibiae  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  tarsi  longer  than  either,  the  tibiae  and  first 
tarsal  joint  both  ai*med  at  the  tip  with  prominent  delicate  spines,  the  tarsi 
three-jointed. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Pal.^ovelia  spinosa. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  13. 

The  single  specimen  appears  to  be  seen  on  the  ventral  surfice  only, 
showing  a  pale  gray  abdomen,  while  all  the  other  parts  are  black;  the 
thorax  and  base  of  abdomen  are  clothed  not  very  densely  with  exceedingly 
fine,  short,  dark  hairs  directed  laterally  outward,  while  beyond,  an  obscure 
dotting  on  the  abdomen  would  seem  to  indicate  similar  but  erect  hairs.  The 
legs  are  pretty  thickly  beset  with  fine,  stiff  hairs,  the  apical  spines  of  the 
tibia  and  first  tarsal  joint  about  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  joint,  the  tibiae 
also  with  an  apical  or  preapical  spur  fully  twice  as  long. 

Length  of  body,  3.65"'";  breadth,  1.85"""  ;  length  of  hind  femur,  0.8""" ; 
tibia,  0.8"™ ;  tarsi,  1.2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  13325. 

2.  STENOVELIA  gen.  nov.  (arero?,^  Velia,  nom.  gen.) 

Body  robust,  blunt  oval.  Head  narrow  but  not  very  small,  rounded 
subquadrate,  about  half  as  large  as  the  pronotum,  but  rather  longer  than  it,  the 

■  The  name  is  given  in  allnaion  to  the  oonflned  gnrronndiDgs  of  this  genus  of  Veliidae,  not  to  any 
slenderness  of  form. 


■M 


850 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i)8;  : 


Hu- 


moderately  large  eyes  at  the  very  base.  Antennae  four-jointed,  about  reach- 
ing to  the  base  of  the  middle  legs,  the  joints  of  nearly  equal  length,  but  the 
first  and  fourth  a  little  the  longest  and  the  second  shortest,  the  first  cylin- 
drical and  moderately  stout,  the  last  oval,  the  others  obovate  and  a  little 
slenderer.  Pronotum  faintly  set  ofi* from  the  lest  of  the  thorax  as  a  trans- 
verse piece  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  thorax  as  a  whole  pentag- 
onal, the  posterior  border  being  subangulate  and  the  posterior  sides  of  the 
pentagon  only  slightly  oblique ;  front  margin  straight  and  longer  than  any 
of  the  others,  though  the  thorax  narrows  forward  rather  rapidly.  Legs  short 
and  stout,  the  fore  legs  about  half  as  long  as  the  others,  the  hind  pair  the 
longest,  though  the  middle  and  hind  femora  are  subequal ;  the  hind  tibise 
longer  than  the  middle  tibije  or  than  the  femora,  while  the  femora  and  tibiae 
are  equal  in  the  fore  and  middle  legs,  or  the  tibia  is  only  slightly  longer 
than  the  femur  in  the  middle  legs ;  tarsi  three-jointed,  the  joints  tolerably 
long,  the  last  a  little  shorter  than  the  others.  Abdomen  oval,  well  rounded, 
the  last  two  joints  sometin  -^s  produced.  No  trace  of  wings. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

Stenovelia  nigra. 

PI.  22,  FiRS.  8,  14. 

Whole  body  uniformly  dead  black ;  the  pigment  in  some  cases  has 
broken  in  flakes  from  the  legs,  especially  the  middle  and  hinder  pairs,  giving 
them  a  mottled  appearance  which  is  purely  accidental.  The  whole  body, 
including  the  legs,  uniformly  smooth,  with  no  trace  of  hairs  or  spines. 

Length  of  body,  3.75""";  breadth,  LeS""";  length  of  antenna?,  l.!"""; 
fore  femora,  0.75""";  tibiae,  0.75"'"';  tarsi,  0.35""";  middle  femora,  1.2"'"'; 
tibise,  LS""';  tarsi,  O-S"";  hind  femora,  L2"'"';  t\h\i3,  1.4"'"';  tarsi,  O-S"*"". 

Florissant.  Twenty-three  specimens,  Nos.  875,  878,  1934,  2936,  3020, 
3268,  3866,  6497,  7565,  9243,  9499,  9563,  9589,  10344,  10691,  10787, 
10945,  12074,  12098,  12099,  12936,  14025,  14981. 

Family  HYDRO BATID^E  StM. 

This  family  was  perhaps  known  in  Mesozoic  times.  Oppenheim, 
indeed,  figures  two  species  which  he  refers  to  a  new  genus  Haloraetra,  sup- 
posed to  belong  here,  but  which  Deichmiiller  has  shown  should  be  referred 
to  the  Acridii,  among  Orthoptera.  Perhaps  here,  however,  belong  unfigured 
and  undescribed  forms  from  the  English  rocks  referred  by  Westwood  to 


HEMIPTEBA— HETEEOPTERA— HYDROBATIDiE. 


351 


Hydroraetra  In  the  European  Tertiaries  Germar  figures  two  insects  he 
regards  as  immature  and  as  belonging  to  Hydrometra  or  Halobates,  or  both, 
and  which  also  appear  to  belong  to  this  family.  Burmeister  further  says 
that  Serres  mentions  a  "  characteristic  Hydrometra "  from  Aix,  but  as  a 
comparison  will  show,  he  has  evidently  written  Hydrometra  for  Ploiaria, 
and  that  is  quite  another  insect.  In  our  own  country  we  have  a  couple  of 
species  from  Wyoming  and  British  Columbia  belonging  to  an  extinct  genus, 
Telmatrechus,  described  below,  related  to  Hygi'Otrechus,  found  in  the 
North  Temperate  zone  of  both  worlds;  and  a  species  of  Metrobates,  a 
genus  peculiar  to  eastern  North  America. 

TELMATRECHUS  gen.  nov.  {riXna,  Tptx<«). 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Hygrotrechus  Stal,  and,  combining  as 
it  does  many  of  the  features  of  this  genus  and  Limnotrechus  Stal,  may  well 
have  been  the  lineal  predecessor  of  both.  The  antennae  have  the  first  joint 
only  a  little  longer  than  the  second.  The  eyes  are  not  at  all  prominent. . 
The  thorax  is  relatively  shorter  than  in  Hygrotrechus.  The  legs  are  very 
long,  the  tibiae  of  each  pair  of  legs  about  as  long  as  the  femora  of  the  same 
legs,  an  equality  which  I  have  not  found  in  any  other  genera  of  Hydro- 
batidse ;  in  the  fore  legs  the  equality  is  perfect ;  in  the  middle  legs  the 
tibia)  are  slightly  longer,  in  the  hind  legs  slightly  shorter,  than  the  femora ; 
the  hind  femora  are  slightly  longer  than  the  middle  pair ;  so  far  as  can  be 
told  from  the  imperfect  remains  the  tarsi  of  the  middle  aud  hind  legs  are 
very  much  shorter  than,  not  a  half  or  probably  a  third  the  length  of,  their 
respective  tibiae.  The  posterior  lateral  edges  of  the  sixth  abdominal  seg- 
ment are  produced  to  a  tooth  precisely  as  in  Limnotrechus. 

Two  species  are  found  in  the  western  Tertiaries. 

Tahle  of  the  spedea  of  Telmatrechus. 

Body  stont,  with  alraoBt  regularly  tapering  abdomen 1.  T.  atali. 

Body  slender,  with  nearly  eqnal  abdomen,  ti^pering  distinctly  only  at  the  extremity.  ..2.  T.  parallelus. 

1.  Telmatrechus  stIli. 


PI.  2,  Figs.  11,  12. 
ITygrotrenhm  stSli  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Snrv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  I8:}-184B  (1879). 

The  thorax  seems  to  be  shorter  than  in  Hygrotrechus,  with  the  limits 
of  the  prosternum  more  visibly  marked  from  above  ;  the  eyes  do  not  ap- 
pear to  be  so  prominent,  and  the  first  antennal  joint  would  seem,  from  the 


'  ii 


ill! 


If! 


I    ! 


;!;•■• 

1    ' 

352 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


position  of  the  others,  to  be  shorter  than  in  Hygrotrechus.  The  insect  is  of 
about  the  same  size  as  our  H.  remigis  (Say).  The  head,  as  seen  on  a  side 
view,  is  small  and  rounded ;  thorax  minutely  scabrous  like  the  head,  nar- 
rowing rather  rapidly  and  uniformly,  the  posterior  limit  of  the  prosternum 
marked  by  a  slight  depression  next  the  anterior  coxa;,  the  whole  thorax  con- 
siderably longer  than  broad.  Abdomen  tapering,  the  apical  angles  of  the 
sixth  segment  produced  to  a  sharp  but  short  spine,  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  succeeding  segment.  Antenna;  nearly  (perhaps  quite)  as  long  as  th(3 
head  and  thorax  together.  Fore  femora  equal,  stout,  as  long  as  the  thorax; 
fore  tibiaj  of  the  same  length ;  middle  and  hind  legs  very  slender ;  middle 
femora  considerably  more  thsin  twice  as  long  as  the  fore  femora,  the  tibia; 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the  fore  tibia;  and  of  the  same  length  as  the 
iiind  femora  ;  hind  tibia;  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  fore  femora; 
first  joint  of  hind  tarsi  about  one-iifth  the  length  of  the  hind  tibia'.  On  one 
of  the  specimens,  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view,  a  line  is  seen  proceeding  from 
either  side  of  the  thorax,  directly  in  front  of  the  middle  cox.-v,  and  passing 
toward  and  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  hinder  edge  of  the  second  abdom- 
inal segment  with  some  distinctness,  accompanied  on  tiie  second  and  third 
segments  by  other  lines  which  seem  to  indicate  the  v  jii  s  of  the  tegmina, 
the  first  mentioned  line  being  the  sutura  clavi ;  but  all  trace  of  lines  is  lost 
beyond  the  third  segment,  as  if  the  wings  did  not  extend  over  more  than 
half  the  abdomen ;  on  the  specimen  preserved  on  a  side  view,  they  appear 
to  extend  to  the  hind  edge  of  the  sixth  abdominal  segment.  Attached  to 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  abdomen  is  a  pair  of  stout  lappets,  nearly 
straight,  but  curving  slightly  outward,  equal,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad, 
rounded  and  very  slightly  produced  at  the  tip. 

In  a  specimen  (No.  70)  which  I  have  considered  an  immature  indi- 
vidual of  this  species,  but  which  may  possibly  be  a  Metrobates,  the  middle 
and  third  femora  are  of  equal  length. 

Length  of  body,  ld.l5""";  of  head,  1.5""";  of  thorax,  5""";  breadth  of 
anterior  extremity  of  thorax,  1  75'""' ;  of  posterior  extremity,  3.5'""' ;  of  sixth 
abdominal  segment,  2'"'" ;  length  of  fore  femora,  5'"'° ;  of  fore  tibiic,  5'""' ; 
of  middle  femora,  12.5""";  of  middle  tibia;,  14""";  of  hind  femora,  14""";  of 
hind  tibia;,  11.5"""';  of  first  joint  hind  tarsi,  2.3'""';  of  abdominal  lappets, 
1.3"""  ;  breadth  of  hind  femora,  O.SS™"' ;  of  hind  tibia?,  0.2"" ;  of  hind  tarsi, 
0.15°"". 


T 


T 


HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTBRA— HYDROBATID^. 


353 


I  name  this  interesting  species  after  my  lamented  friend,  Dr.  0.  Stftl, 
of  Stockholm,  whose  marvelous  industry  and  keen  insight  into  the  structure 
of  Heniiptera  is  known  to  all  entomologists. 

Three  miles  up  the  north  fork  of  the  Similkanieen  River,  British 
Columbia.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  70,  71  and  72,  73.  Geological  Survey 
of  Canada,  G.  M.  Dawson,  collector. 


! 


i 


2.  TELMATRECntlS  PARALLELU8. 
PI.  4,  Fig.  1. 

Two  specimens  are  at  hand,  neither  of  them  quite  perfect.  The  species 
differs  markedly  from  the  preceding  (with  whicli  it  agrees  in  size)  in  the 
almost  perfectly  parallel  sides  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  of  the  same  width 
as  the  thorax ;  it  tapers  only  on  the  last  two  segments.  The  head  as  seen 
on  a  side  view  is  perhaps  shorter  than  in  T.  stuli,  and  very  much  smaller 
than  the  thorax ;  as  there,  both  it  and  the  thorax  are  minutely  scabrous. 
The  whole  body  is  of  a  tolerably  uniform  dark  testaceous  color,  and  the 
segments  of  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  are  about  equally  long  and  broad, 
while  in  T.  stali  they  are  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long. 

Length  of  body,  20"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.75""  ;  of  sixth  abdominal 
segment,  2.2.5""  ;  length  of  fore  femora,  ft-G.S""  ;  fore  tibife,  5-5..')™"  ;  mid- 
dle femora,  11-13"";  hind  femora,  13-15"". 

Twin  Creek,  Wyoming.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  14601,  15076. 

METROBATES  Uhler. 

A  single  species  of  this  genus  is  known,  inhabiting  the  eastern  United 
States.  A  much  larger  and  somewhat  slenderer  form  appearing  to  belong 
here  occurs  in  the  Florissant  beds.  It  was  provisionally  referred  by  me  to 
Halobates  before  Metrobates  was  known  to  me  autoptically. 

Metkobates  ^ternalis. 
PL  22,  Fig.  15. 

Body  considerably  elongated,  but  solely  by  the  prolongation  of  the 
mesonotuni,  which  is  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  tV  is  separating  at  con- 
siderable distance  the  fore  and  after  legs ;  the  abdomen  is  no  longer  than 
VOL  xiii 23 


i: 


354 


TKRTIAUY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


the  w'uhh  of  the  tliomx  and  tapors  rapidly  to  a  j)oiiit ;  tlio  wings  aro  slender, 
j)iipa'form,  ovate  pads  liaving  a  Hubbasal  circular  niaciila,  a  central,  longi- 
tudinal costal  striga,  and  just  beyond  it  a  strongly  oblicpie,  subtriangnlar, 
costal  patch,  all  pallid  on  a  blackish  ground ;  these  do  not  clearly  appear 
on  all  specimens.  The  head  is  not  well  preserved  on  any  specimen.  The 
legs  are  very  delicately  covered  with  short  and  exceedingly  fine  recumbent 
hairs,  and  fringed  beneath  with  an  almost  ecpuilly  delicate  series  of  short 
distant  spinules. 

Length  of  body,  7""";  breadth,  l.Trr"';  length  of  fore  femora,  2"'"'; 
tibia',  1.6""";  tarsi,  1.1"'"';  middle  femora,  4.25-6"'"';  tibia-,  4  3""';  tarsi, 
2+"'"' ;  hind  femora,  SJy-b.b""" ;  tibiic,  4"'". 

Florissant.  Three  specimens,  of  which  one  is  immature,  Noa.  5525, 
10723,  12782. 


!M 


i 

11      '! 


•il; 


I 
I*  i 


U'.  ill  1 

ItT: 


Family  REDUVIID^  Stepb     ^s. 

This  family,  to  which  so  considerable  a  share  of  our  n(»rth  temperate 
bugs  belongs,  is  represented  in  the  European  Tertiaries  b\'  a  number  of 
species  and  genera  belonging  to  no  less  than  five  different  subfamilies.  All 
the  genera  are  modern  types.  The  Reduviina  are  the  more  common, 
Harpactor  having  six  species  at  Oeningen  and  Kadoboj,  Evagoras  one  at 
Oeningen,  while  species  of  Reduvius  (in  a  broad  sense)  are  mentioned  as 
occuiTing  at  Aix  and  in  amber ;  the  Piratina  are  represented  by  a  Pirates 
at  Radoboj ;  the  Acanthaspidina  by  a  Platymeris  in  amber ;  the  Stenopo- 
dina  by  two  species  of  Stenopoda  at  Oeningen,  and  the  PIteariina  by  a 
Ploiaiia  said  to  occur  at  Aix. 

Curiously  enough,  the  family  is  very  meagerly  displayed  at  present 
in  the  American  Tertiaries.  At  my  first  examination  many  species  were 
placed  here  provisionally  which  a  closer  study  showed  to  belong  elsewhere; 
and  even  the  "  Reduvius"  described  from  the  Green  River  beds  belongs, 
as  I  have  elsewhere  shown,  rather  to  the  Corizida.  There  remain  only  a 
couple  of  forms  at  Florissant,  each  known  only  by  a  single  specimen,  to 
represent  this  great  family.  One  belongs  to  the  Acanthaspidina,  but  shows 
no  affinity  to  the  single  member  of  this  group  known  from  amber,  the  other 
to  the  Saicina,  and  both  must  be  referred  to  extinct  genera,  in  direct  and 
complete  opposition  to  the  European  Tertiary  Reduviidae  as  we  know  them 
to-day. 


i 


U 


W 

ii  !•;  ■'  . 


IIEMirXEKA— DETEROPTERA— BEDDVIID^. 


355 


Subfamily  ACANTHAHPIi:>INA  Stdl. 
Tlio  only  spocieH  hitherto  found  foHsil  in  this  Hii1)fan)ily  group  is  one 
described  many  years  ago  as  a  Platynieris  by  (Jerniar,  and  was  found  in 
Prussian  amber.     The  one  given  below  is  the  first  from  tlie  rocks. 

EOTHES  gen.  nov.  {ijmet). 

A  genus  of  Acanthaspidina  of  unusually  slender  form.  Head  oidy  a 
little  longer  tlian  broad,  the  eyes  of  nioderr.te  size  and  prominent,  the  part  in 
front  of  them  about  twice  as  long  as  the  postocular  part,  the  front  truncate 
and  slightly  emarginate ;  ocelli  large,  situated  opposite  the  iiindt  r  edge  of 
the  eyes,  separated  only  by  their  own  diameter  or  slightly  more  tliun  that. 
AntetHio!  apparently  seated  on  small  prominences  somewhat  in  advance  of 
the  eyes,  the  prominences  with  a  small  exterior  spine ;  first  joint  longest, 
longer  than  the  width  of  the  thorax,  second  and  third  joints  subequal,  and 
a  little  slenderer  and  shorter  than  the  scarcely  incrassated  terminal  joint, 
the  whole  nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  body.  Thorax  as  a  whole 
cuneiform,  tapering  forward  regularly  but  not  strongly,  the  sides  almost 
straight,  the  tapering  portion  scarcely  shorter  than  its  breadth,  unarmed ; 
scutellum  very  tapering,  pointed,  but  hardly  produced  into  a  spine.  Legs 
long  and  slender,  wholly  unarmed,  similar  in  form  to  those  of  Op.sicoutus, 
the  first  hind  tarsal  joint  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  second  and  third 
together.  Hemelytra  slender,  with  no  prominent  veins,  the  corium  elon- 
gated externally,  the  membranal  suture  very  oblique  and  sinuous. 

Apparently  nearest  to  Opsicoetus  Klug,  this  genus  differs  from  it  in  its 
much  slenderer  form,  the  want  of  a  strongly  constricted  neck,  and  the 
stoutness  of  the  terminal  joints  of  the  antennae ;  the  structure  of  the  tarsi  is 
also  peculiar. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

EOTHKS   ELEGANS. 
PI.  2(5,  Fig.  .'). 

The  whole  body  is  dark,  but  is  marked  laterally  by  a  black  stripe 
which  follows  the  outer  margin  of  the  thorax  viewed  from  above,  from  the 
base  of  the  hemelytra  forward,  and  appeai-s  to  cross  also  the  head,  follow- 
ing the  inner  margin  of  the  eye  and  terminating  on  the  front,  the  whole 
tolerably  straight  and  continuous,  with  a  slight  angle  in  passing  from  the 


:}r»6 


TKUTIAUY  INSKCTH  OF  NORTH  AMKItKJA. 


tlioriix  to  tliH  IioikI  ;  bunidoH  tliiH  tlio  dirtk  of  tlio  tliitnix  i.s  (lii«*ker,  leaving 
<if  11  li^flitor  (Hilor  iiourly  the  whole  unterior  lohe  and  the  outer  posterior 
iiiig'les  within  the  hlaek  stripe,  and  the  whole  thorax  is  ratlier  distantly  and 
heavily  pnnctute  with  black;  the  HCiitelluni  is  also  lijrht  (udorcd,  narrowly 
njarj,nni'd  with  blackish  on  all  sides,  but  heavily  in  the  lateral  ivnjjrles.  The 
henielytra.  have  tho(^orinin  dusky  aiul  tlie  membrane  fuli}?inous,  the  former 
with  the  veins  pinictate  in  black.  Legs  j)h1o  nnd  uniform,  except  that  the 
tips- of  the  tibije  and  tiie  tarsi  are  dusky;  these  are  also  clothed  with  exces- 
sively line  hairs. 

Lenj^th  of  body,  10.15""";  breadth  of  thorax  in  front,  1.08""";  at  great- 
est, 1.75"'"';  of  abdomen,  2.25™'";  length  of  antenuic,  5.6'"'";  their  apical 
joint,  1.55'""';  fore  fen.orx.  2.65""";  middle  femora,  2.75"'"';  hind  femora, 
3.4'""';  hind  tibiic,  4.45'""';  tarsi,  i  45"'"';  first  tarsal  joint,  0.9'""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  124G9. 

Siihfiimily   HAICINA   Stiil. 

The  species  descril)ed  below  is  the  only  one  of  this  subfamily  which 
has  ever  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state. 


1?5    1^ 


lifi- 


WO! 


TAGALODKS  gen.  nov.  (Tagalis,  nom.  gen.). 

Body  elongated,  of  nearly  uniform  width.  Hesd,  including  the  eyes, 
considerably  broader  than  longs  advanced  considerably  and  rather  broadly 
in  front  of  the  eyes ;  no  ocelli ;  rostrum  considerably  longer  than  the  head, 
the  basal  joint  longer  than  the  two  subequal  apical  joints.  Thorax  rapidly 
tapering  in  front,  the  head  separated  from  it  by  a  short  constricted  neck, 
broadest  posteriorly  and  slightly  broader  than  the  abdomen,  and  here  angu- 
late,  the  angle  not  produced  laterally  as  a  spine ;  scutellum  triangular,  of 
about  equal  length  and  breadth,  the  posterior  angle  more  acute  than  the 
others  by  the  slight  emargination  of  the  sides,  but  not  produced  into  a  spine 
nor  even  pointed.  Legs  long  and  slender,  unarmed,  the  femora  and  tibire 
of  nearly  equal  length,  those  of  the  hind  legs  much  longer  than  the  othere, 
all  the  tarsi  very  short,  very  slender,  cylindrical,  armed  with  a  pair  of  claws. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Allied  to  Tagalis  Stal,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  relative  brevity  of 
the  thorax  and  the  absence  of  any  median  constriction,  the  simple  angular 
posterior  termination  of  the  scutellum,  the  absence  of  spinulation  on  the  fore 


MKMM'TKUA— IIKTKUOPTKIIA— TINdllUD.K. 


357 


femora,  tiiid  tliu  cylindrical  clitirtictor  of  tliu  tiirHul  jointH.     'ra^ullH  !»  known 
to  me  only  by  Stul's  dotM!rii)ti()n. 

•  TaOALODEH    INKHMI8, 

ri.  2«,  Fitf.  15.    ' 

A  Hiiif^lo  Hpecinien  h  prowerved,  Been  on  u  dorHal  view  with  tlio  win^s 
of  one  Hidu  loHt,  of  the  othor  partially  expanded.  The  head  and  thorax  are 
very  dark  and  uniform,  the  hemelytra  with  the  conuin,  like  the  abdomen, 
dark  teHtaceous,  the  membrane  pale  fulijifinoiis;  the  veins  of  the  membrane 
show  a  pair  of  very  eh>n<jfated  parallel  loops  running  more  than  half  way  to 
the  marj^in,  the  upper  the  broader  and  more  distinct  (the  lower  not  shown  on 
the  plate).  Lateral  edges  of  the  scutellum  slightly  marginute,  the  scutellum 
'itself  with  faint  transverse  sulcations ;  surface  of  the  thorax  slightly  and 
broadly  rugulose.     Legs  pale  testaceous,  the  femora  duskier  toward  the  apex. 

Length  of  body,  n.7,^""";  breadth,  3.1""";  length  of  hemelytra,  7"""; 
middle  fem  ra,  4'"'";  tibia;,  4™"';  tarsi,  l'""' ;  hind  tibia;,  6.8""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2696. 

Family  TINGIDID^    Fieber. 

Nearly  all  the  principal  European  Tertiary  dei)osit9  have  furnished  a 
single,  but  only  a  single,  species  of  this  family  of  delicate  Hemiptera.  That 
at  Aix  is  only  known  as  yet  by  Serres's  reference  to  a  species  of  Tingis, 
which  he  compares  to  T.  cardui,  now  placed  in  Phyllontocheila.  Novak 
figures  a  species  of  Monanthia  from  Krottensee,  Heer  a  very  obscure  Tingis 
from  Radoboj,  and  a  spec'es  from  Oeningen,  waW  marked  with  long  anteimte, 
in  one  place  as  a  Tingis,  in  another  as  a  Monanthia,  which  is  more  correctly 
referable  to  the  latter ;  but  what  is  of  greater  interest  is  an  amber  species 
referred  to  Tingis  by  Germar  which  belongs  to  the  genus  Eotingis  estab- 
lished below  for  a  Florissant  species,  with  exceptionally  long  antennje.  A 
species  of  Monanthia  also  occurs  at  Florissant,  apparently  nearly  related 
to  the  Oeningen  form  but  with  stouter  antenna;,  and  an  obscure  form  from 
the  same  locality  is  i)robably  referable  to  Piesma. 

PIESMA  St.  Fargeau  and  Serville. 

No  fossils  have  heretofore  been  referred  to  tiiis  genu*,  which  forms  a 
group  apart  among  the  Tingididc,  ami  which  is  better  known  in  the  Old 


1 

358 

TERTIARY  1NSE(]TS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

World  (Europe  and  Africa)  than  in 

the  Now,  but  a  single 

specimen 

from 

Floriss 

ant  seems  to  be  referable  here 

PlESMA  ? 

better  than  elsewhere. 

ROTUNDA. 

1 

i 
Jll 


■I'i 

•i    1 


!|| 


1     I 

h    < 


I'a! 


,'ii 


k'. 

I't! 


PI  23,  Fig,  6. 

A  single  insect,  poorly  preserved,  and  showing  a  dorsal  view  is  dubi- 
ously referred  here ;  if  correctly,  then  the  extreme  convexity  of  the  costal 
area  of  the  hemehtra  is  characteristic  of  the  species,  as  I  find  no  modern 
type  with  so  rotund  a  form.  The  head  projects  considerably  in  front  of  the 
eyes  in  two  parallel  processes  nearly  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  head ;  the 
head  is  only  a  little  narrower  than  the  quadranguiar  thorax,  which  is  nearly 
a  third  broader  than  long  and  tapers  slightly  forward.  The  abdomen  is 
subcircular.  The  legs  and  head  appendages  are  not  preserved,  but  the  • 
hemelytra  sliglitly  surpass  the  abdomen,  and  the  membrane,  which  occu- 
pies about  a  thiru  of  them,  is  filled  with  very  faint  and  very  large  cells, 
through  the  meshes  of  which  three  or  four  oblique  veins  pass  to  the  margin; 
the  costal  margin  is  followed  innnediately  by  a  slight  vein  connected  with 
tlie  costa  by  feeble  cross-veins,  making  subquadrate  cells. 

Length  of  body,  3.5""";  including  hemelytra,  3.75"""';  breadth  of  thorax, 
!■""';  abdomen,  l.GS'""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7617. 

IdONANTHIA  8t.  Fargeau  and  Serville. 

As  stated  under  the  family,  two  species  of  this  genus  have  been  found 
in  the  European  Tertiariei--,  one  at  Oeningen  and  the  other  at  Krottensee, 
and  were  so  referred  b}  their  describers.  They  differ  considerably  from 
one  another,  and  the  species  we  add  here  differs  as  much  from  each  as  they 
from  each  other.  The  characteristic  features  of  the  Oeningen  species  are  the 
long  antenna!,  wh'ch  are  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  closed  hemelytra,  and 
the  very  narrow  head;  of  the  Krottensee  species  (which  seems  to  ap- 
proach M.  quadrniiHCulata  Wolff  sp.  and  M.  w*»lffii  Fieb.,  both  of  Europe; 
see  the  figures  by  Snellen),  the  sinuous  costal  margin  of  the  hemelytra  and 
the  sinuous  narrowing  of  the  thorax ;  and  of  the  Florissant  species  the  at 
first  biseriate,  afterwards  triseriate,  arrangement  of  the  roticulaTJon  of  the 
costal  area,  and  the  tumid  form  of  the  rtyularly  tapering  thorax  combined 
with  the  broad  head. 


I 


I 


i: 


\t> 


HEMIPTBRA— HETEROPTERA— TINGIDID^. 


MONANTHIA    VETERNA. 


359 


PI.  23,  Figs,  5,  9. 

Body  uniformly  dark,  tlie  liead  and  thorax  with  mucli  the  same  form 
as  Eotingis,  tlie  thorax  being  hirgest  just  in  advance  of  the  rounded  base  and 
tapering  forward,  the  liead  inchided,  giving  it  much  the  form  of  a  Xya  among 
Orthoptera ;  as  in  I'^otingis,  there  are  no  hiteral  vesicles ;  the  abdomen  is 
ovate  and  broader  than  the  thorax.  Antenuie  nearly  as  long  as  the  width 
of  tlie  abdomen,  or  slightly  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax  together ;  fir^t 
two  joints  sii  lilar  and  stout,  the  first  a  little  longer  than  broad,  the  second 
of  equal  length  and  breadth,  the  third  slender  and  elongated,  nearly  as  long- 
as  the  thorax,  the  fourth  clavate,  as  long  as  tiie  first  two  together,  but  not 
quite  so  stout  as  they  and  as  naked  as  the  rest  of  the  antenna,  l^egs  rather 
short  and  stout,  the  hind  femora  just  reaching  the  edge  of  the  hemelytra. 
These  extend  somewhat  beyond  the  abdomen  and  are  somewhat  coarsely 
reticulate,  biseriately  flnanged  on  the  basal  half  of  the  costal  area,  tris3ri- 
ately  beyond. 

Length  of  body,  2.7-3""";  breadth  oi  thorax,  1"'"' ;  abdomen,  1.2-1.4"'"'; 
length  of  antennaj,  1.1.")""". 

Florissant      Six  specimens,  Nos.  2349,  3881,  4387,  6787,  7819,  9672. 

EOTINGIS  fi;en.  nov.   (fjai?,  Tingis,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  triangular,  about  equally  long  and  broad  ;  antenntv  of  excessive 
length,  almost  as  long  as  the  body  and  very  slender,  the  great  length 
largely  due  to  the  prolongation  of  the  middle  joints,  the  last  joint  very  deli- 
cately enlarged  so  as  to  be  faintly  clavate,  the  club  very  long  and  slender. 
The  pronotum  is  short,  narrowest  in  front  where  it  equals  the  head,  truncate 
both  at  base  and  apex.  'I'iiorax  tapering  forward  with  no  vesicular  enlarge- 
ments. Abdomen  oval.  Legs  very  long  and  slender,  all  the  femora  t)t 
nearly  eqiud  length,  the  tibijx"  of  similar  length,  tiie  whole  legnearly  as  long 
as  the  tegmina.  These  ar'^  broad  and  very  long,  extending  well  beyond  the 
body,  irregularly  and  more  or  less  finely  and  uniforndy  reticulate  tiu'ough- 
out,  the  broad  costal  ureti  as  irregular  as  elsewhere. 

Tlu}  genus  perhaps  falls  in  the  neighborhood  of  (Jargaphia  Stal. 

Two  species  are  known,  one  found  in  Prussian  amber,  E.  ([uinquecari- 
nata  Germ,  sp.,  with  L.irinate  and  regularly  tapering  pronotum  and  the  cos- 


i 


ijii 


\'M 


n  I? 


360 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


tal  area  of  the  hemelytra  of  iiniforni  width ;  and  the  species  deaci-ibed  below 
from  Florissant  with  sniootli  and  tumid  pronotum  and  the  (costal  area  of  the 
hemelytra  (*ularging  apically.  They  differ  ?,Iso  in  the  length  of  the  last 
antennal  joint. 

EOTINGIS   ANTKNNATA. 
PI.  23,  Pi^js.  1,  3. 

Two  specimens,  both  iigured,  were  all  that  were  seen  of  this  species 
when  it  was  described ;  one  shows  a  dorsal  view,  the  other  lies  more  upon 
its  side  ;  of  the  former,  the  median  projection  in  fi'ont  of  the  head,  shown 
upon  the  plate,  is  a  mistake,  and  tho  two  appendages  ciid  not  be  regarded 
as  antenna^  a  portion  of  one  of  which  crosses  the  right  fore  femur ;  the  right- 
hand  apparent  appendage  of  the  head  is  probably  the  rostrum,  but  its 
apparent  distal  half  is  a  mere  discoloration  of  the  stone  at  a  different  level; 
the  left  hand  one  is  nrobably  the  left  fore  femur,  a  broken  fragment  of  which 
or  of  a  tibia  appears  as  if  attached  below  to  the  pronotum.  The  color 
aj)pears  to  be  uniforndy  dark,  the  legs  perhaps  a  little  paler.  The  last 
antennal  joint  is  as  long  as  the  elongated  middle  joints,  but  it  enlarges  grad- 
ually toward  the  tip,  and  then,  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  of  twice  its  breadth, 
suddenly  diminishes  and  is  i-ounded  off.  The  prothorax  is  largest  a  little 
behind  the  middle,  and  tapers  considerably  a  front,  being  tumid  whether 
viewed  laterally  or  from  above,  but  especially  t'  e  former ;  it  is  well  rounded 
posteriorly,  truncate  anteriorly,  and  smooth.  The  hemelytra  extend  far 
beyond  the  abdomen,  and  are  filled  with  an  entirely  irregular  reticulation, 
in  which  the  meshes  are  ap[)roximately  of  the  -same  sizt;  and  of  about  the 
diameter  of  the  antennal  club ;  the  longitudinal  vein  delimiting  the  costal 
area  runs  parallel  to  and  distant  from  the  costal  margin  in  the  basal  half  of 
the  hemelytra,  and  then  diverges  gradually  from  't  in  a  graceful  curve. 

Lengcli  of  body,  3.Gr."'";  including  tegmina,  4..')'"'°;  of  tegmina, 
3.75""";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.1""";  length  of  antennaj,  3.75"" ;  hind  femora, 
1.25"'"'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2()98,  4365,  5596,  10763. 

Family  ACANTHIID^  Leaeh. 

The  only  fossil  that  has  over  been  referred  to  this  limited  group  is  the 
one  described  below. 


IP 


HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA-CAPSID^. 


361 


LYCTOCORIS  Ilahn. 

This  genus,  found  in  the  north  temperate  regions  of  both  the  Old  and 
New  Worlds,  but  more  abundant  in  the  latter,  has  not  before  been  found 
fossil.  The  single  species  from  the  Green  River  beds  which  we  place  here 
was  formerly  referred,  doubtfully,  to  Rhyparochromus. 

Lyctocoris  terreus. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  20. 

RkyparoohromuaT  ierrem  Sciidd.,  Bui!.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  770-771  (1878). 

A  single  poor  specimen  apparently  belongs  to  this  subfamily,  but  is 
too  imperfect  to  locate  with  any  precision.  The  body  is  of  nearly  equal 
width,  but  with  a  full  abdomen.  The  head  is  broken,  but  is  as  broad  at  base 
as  tlie  tip  of  tlie  thorax,  has  a  rounded- angular  front,  and  its  surface  most 
minutely  punctulate.  The  tlior  x  was  broadest  behind,  the  sides  tapering 
slightly,  and  gently  convex,  the  front  border  broadly  and  shallowly  con- 
cave, the  hind  border  straight,  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  the  median 
length,  the  surface,  like  that  of  the  head,  with  faint  distant  punctures. 
Scutellum  rather  small,  triangular,  pointed,  of  equal  length  and  breadtii, 
about  as  long  as  the  thorax,  its  surface  like  that  of  the  thorax,  but  with  more 
distinct  punctures.  Abdomen  full,  well  rounded,  and  very  regular.  Teg- 
mina  obscure  (but  perhaps  extending  only  a  little  beyond  the  scutellum). 

Length  of  body,  4""";  of  head,  0.6™"';  of  thorax,  0.6""°;  of  scutellum, 
0.7""";  breadth  of  head,  1.1""";  of  thorax,  1.5""";  of  abdomen,  2.1"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  4192. 

Family  CAPSIDyE  \A^estwood. 

With  the  exception  of  a  Miris,  reported  over  half  a  centiu*y  ago  from 
Aix  and  never  yet  described,  all  the  European  fossils  of  this  group  known 
u[)  to  the  present  time  are  from  amber.  Thus  Gravenhorst  long  ago  referred 
half  a  dozen  species  from  amber  to  Miris  and  Capsus,  and  Germar  later 
described  as  many  as  thirteen  species  of  Phytocoris  from  the  same  deposits. 
These  genera  were  then  iised  in  a  far  broader  sense  than  now,  and  the 
figures  of  Germar  siiow  at  once  that  several  genera  are  to  be  found  among 


tA^ 


362 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Il^  >ii 


!    i> 


If  "    !' 


them.  If  we  were  to  base  our  judgment  on  the  comparisons  with  the  mod- 
ern species  which  Graverdiorst  and  Germar  in  nearly  every  case  instituted, 
we  should  reach  the  conclusion  that  the  Capsina  alone  had  been  found,  and 
that  no  less  than  half  the  divisions  which  Renter  founded  in  this  subfamily 
were  present  and  ii  larye  number  of  genera.  Thus  of  the  Plagiognatharia 
we  have  IIarj)ocera;  of  the  Oncotylaria,  Hoplomachus  (two  species)  and 
Oncotylus ;  of  the  Cyllocoraria,  ^Etorhinus  and  Systellonotus ;  of  the  Cap- 
saria,  Capsus,  Orthops,  and  Lygus ;  of  the  Phytocoraria,  liomodemus, 
Dichrooscytus,  and  Phytocoris ;  and  of  tlie  Loparia,  Lopus ;  in  all  a  dozen 
genera,  and  there  is  at  least  one  other  among  those  species  figured  by  Ger- 
mar which  were  unaccompanied  by  comparisons  with  modern  types. 

In  America  we  have  four  of  these  divisions  represented,  viz  :  Cylloco- 
raria by  Closterocoris ;  Ca[)Haria  by  Capsus  (two  species)  and  Pcecilocap- 
sus  (live  species);  Phytocoraria  by  Aporema;  and  Loparia  by  Hadronema; 
while  Bryocoraria,  not  recognized  in  amber,  is  represented  by  two  species 
of  Carmelus  and  one  of  Fuscus.     All  of  these  come  from  Florissant. 

It  thus  app' ars  that  we  may  recognize  among  the  fossils  every  one  of 
the  divisions  instituted  in  the  fiimily  by  Renter  that  have  any  considerable 
present  development  of  species,  excepting  only  the  Miraria,  and  to  cover  the 
possibilities  of  this  also  there  are  two  species  of  Miris  not  referred  to  mod- 
ern genera,  one  mentioned  by  Gravenhorst  fi'om  amber  and  one  by  Curtis 
at  Aix.  It  may  also  be  noticed  that  the  assemblage  of  fossil  forms  siiows 
PS  a  whole  a  leaning  toward  American  types,  ujore  noticeable,  however, 
among  the  American  than  the  European  forms,  the  more  striking  beiii"-  in 
the  development  of  the  Loparia  and  Bryocoraria.  Not  too  much  stress, 
however,  should  here  be  placed  upon  these  considerations,  as  a  reexamiini- 
tion  of  the  amber  types  is  necessary  before  certain  conclusions  can  be 
drawn,  and  the  affinities  of  several  of  the  Florissant  forms  is  vague  at  the 
best. 


i 


^i; 


CLOSTEROCORIS  Uhler. 


A  single  specie.'^  exists  in  a  living  staie  in  our  western  Territories,  with 
which  a  single  striking  and  not  uncoram(»n  Florissant  species  agrees  well 
in  structure  but  from  which  \i  differs  considerably  in  markings.  The  ter- 
minid  j(»ints  of  the  fossil  species  appear  to  be  relatively  longer  and  the 
end  joint  ivlatively  shorter  than  in  the  existing  type. 


sec- 


I"   'i  'S 

Hi ' 


HEMIPTEKA— HETEROl'TBRA— CAPSID^. 


363 


CLObfEROCORlS   ELEGAN8. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  7. 

Head  subquadrate,  light  colored,  with  a  black  patch  posteriorly  next 
the  eyes.  Antenna;  with  the  first  joint  black,  as  long  as  the  thorax,  stouter 
than  the  tibiaj,  the  remaining  joints  black!  '  fuscous,  the  apical  paler,  sec- 
ond joint  half  as  long  as  the  hemelytra,  third  a  little  longer  than  the  fourth, 
and  with  it  nearly  as  long  as  the  first  two,  the  whole  as  long  as  thorax  and 
hemelytra  combined.  Thorax  more  tumid  at  the  base  than  in  our  living 
C  ornatus,  but  otherwise  of  the  same  shape,  the  base  slightly  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  the  apex,  pale,  with  a  median  and  on  each  side  a  lateral, 
broad,  deep  black  stripe,  broadening  posteriorly  ;  scutelluni  pale,  except 
for  a  broad,  dusky  transverse  band  at  base.  Hemelytra  pale,  except  a  slen- 
der, deep  black,  costal  stripe  extending  the  whole  length  of  the  corium,  and 
a  dark  fuscous  belt  which  occupies  the  whole  clavus  and,  as  that  of  one  side 
unites  with  the  other,  follows  down  the  inner  margin  of  the  hemelytra, 
fading  out  on  the  more  or  less  but  gt^nerally  slightly  infumated  membrane, 
the  membranal  suture  sometimes  heavily  infumated  or  infuscated.  Legs 
pale  fuscous,  the  tips  of  the  hind  femora  and  to  a  less  extent  the  ba.ses  of 
the  hind  tiliiic  broadly  and  heavily  obscured,  as  are  also  to  a  less  depth  all 
the  tarsi  and  the  tips  of  the  tibia;. 

Length  of  body  and  closed  hemelytra,  7.25°"" ;  breadth  of  thorax  at 
base,  2.4""";  length  of  antennji;,  9.7"""";  first  joint,  1.5"*™;  second  joint, 
3.5™"" ;  third  joint,  2.5"'" ;  fourth  joint,  L'.i'""" ;  hemelytra,  6.75'""' ;  hind 
femora,  3.65'""' ;  tibiic,  4.85""" ;  tarsi,  1.15""". 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  2181,  2533,  4288  and  4369,  8864, 
12979,  12981,  14202,  16419. 

CARMELUS  Distant. 

The  two  species  from  Florissant  described  below  agree  so  well  in  gen- 
eral featur3s  with  the  two  species  of  this  genus  from  Panama  figured  by 
Distant,  and  especially  with  C.  parvus,  that  J  place  them  here,  though  they 
do  not  agree  witii  his  descriptions  as  reg.wds  the  intemm',  the  second  joint 
being  relatively  longer  than  he  describes  it,  thoi.igli  no  longer  than  given 
in  both  his  figixres.  They  are  certainly  not  far  removed  from  Phytocoris 
involutus  Germ,  from  amber. 

Table  of  the  ipeciet  of  Carmelui. 

Tliorax  tap«riii<;  re(»ii)arly  witli  stniigl.t  «t>li(|ii«  skies  . 1.  C.  j/rniwitnA 

Thorux  more  ur  It  ss  tumid,  tbu  ta)i<>riDg  sides  distiuctly  cuuvex 2.  L'.  Wjiuciliu. 


■ 


3G4 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


t  i-; 


I!  I 


1.  Carmelus  gravatus. 

PI.  24,  Fig.  10. 

Body  very  regularly  oval,  the  hinder  extremity  the  broader.  Head 
trianguhirly  but  rather  broadly  produced  in  froTit  of  the  eyes  ;  first  joint  of 
antenna;  a  little  shorter  than  the  head,  second  about  two  and  a  half  times 
as  long  as  the  first,  the  succeeding  together  as  long  as  the  second.  Thorax 
uniform  fuscous,  darker  or  lighter  in  tone,  the  surface  smooth,  the  base 
about  two  and  a  half  times  broader  than  the  apex,  the  apex  roundly  and 
weakly  emarginate,  the  base  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  sides  oblique 
and  straight.  Scutellum  dai-k,  the  lateral  edges  transversely  pectinate. 
Hemelytra  uniformly  dusky  except  for  a  deeper  tint  at  the  outer  extremi- 
ties of  the  clavus  and  cuneus. 

Length,  5""" ;  breadth,  2.25""". 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  3GG9,  .'iSOO,  6220,  10418,  11230, 
12457,  12475,  14208. 

2.  CaRMELI  S    SEI'OSITUS. 

PL  9.^  Fig.  C. 

Body  ovate,  larger  at  the  aBmeritir  than  at  the  posterior  end  or  of  equal 
■mm.  Mead  scarcely  advanced  im  iront  of  the  eyes,  broadly  rounded  ;  first 
fSnt  trf  antennae  abiuit  as  long  m  the  head,  tlie  k^-  ond  about  two  and  a 
ladf  times  longer  tiiiin  rtt^  first.  Tlie  rtnceeediny:  tojrether  as  lonsr  as  the 
BBBond.  TTiorax  limntrmiu'r  dark  the  surface  smooth,  the  base  two  and  a 
liuiftiaBM  m  broad  as  tiit;  apex,  thf  apex  gently,  regularly,  and  roundly 
uuiurgrnsiiEe.  the  \niHi^  very  gently  convex,  almost  transverse,  the  oblique 
and  nair-fvwiiig  sidf^  distinctly,  sometimes  cousidenibly,  convex,  giving  a 
rouiidr«»-  '^o  the  r-  'Ut  (,;  fae.  body.  Scutellum  dark.  Hemelytra  dark, 
dfj^tdj  nwmkirr  at  the  oiitrr  extremities  of  the  corium  and  cuu^us,  the 
iuBth*  iaiiginouH. 


5  5""'     breadtk,  2.2"'"'. 
Florissitnt.     Three  specimens.  Nos.  820(5,  11017  and  13558.  12103. 


FUSCUS  Distant. 

To  this  geiuiH.  founded  on  a  species  from  Gruatemala,  I  refer  with  mucli 
hesitation  a  single  form  fnmi  Florissant,  wliii-h  Iwars  a  close  general  resem- 
blance to  tlie  species  I  have  placed  in  Carmelus,  b\it  has  much  shorter  and 


i. 


UEMIPTERA— HETEROPTEUA— CAPSII)/?:,  3(j5 

stouter  liind  legs.  The  first  joint  of  the  antenna?  of  the  fossil,  however,  is 
stouter  than  in  Fuscus  and  the  second  joint  not  so  distinctly  incrassated  at 
the  apex. 

FUSCUS?   Fit^CATUS. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  5. 

Head  rather  broadly  angulate  in  front ;  first  joint  of  antennae  distinctly 
shorter  than  the  head,  moderately  stout  and  nnifoi-ni ;  the  second  joint 
relatively  slender,  scarcely  larger  apically,  about  three  times  longer  than 
the  first.  Rostrum  reaching  the  coxae  of  middle  legs.  Thorax  punctate, 
blackish  fu.scou8,  posteriorly  two  or  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  ante- 
riorly, both  base  and  apex  nearly  truncate,  the  sides  oblique,  straight. 
Scutellum  of  the  color  of  the  thorax.  Hemelytra  dark,  the  color  intensified 
along  the  inner  margin  of  the  clavus  and  at  the  outer  extremities  of  the 
corium  and  cuneus.  Legs  dusky,  the  hind  femora  stout,  twice  as  thick  as 
the  tibiic  and  shorter  than  they. 

Length,  fi""" ;  breadth,  2.2.5""". 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  430,  4563,  4741,  13308,  14201. 

P(ECILOCAFSUS  Renter. 

This  i;enu.s,  fairly  rich  in  species  in  both  the  United  State.s  and  Mexico, 
and  peculiar  to  the  New  World,  ap|>ear8  to  be  represented  at  Florissant  by 
five  tolerably  closely  allied  species,  whi^-h  }»ear  no  clo«e  resemblance  to  any  of 
the  amber  (,'ap.sidte  The  first  antennal  j'tint  in  all  is  of  a  similar,  the  second 
of  a  somewhat  dissimiJar,  lengtli. 

I'lilile  of  Ihe  iperim  of  VdcUocapsuH. 

Narrowiii<;  -iiitcx  ot  !tiiorax  eoiivex  :  Hecoiul  joint  <>f  antenuir  (wici!  or  a  litthr  morn  than  twice  uh  Iiiiik  a» 
the  lirat. 

Thorax  Hiiiooth;  tojjiniiia  heavily  luarkeil ;  cIstiih ohscnrp 1.  P.  frtmimUi. 

I'horax  iinnctiitK  :  li^^iiiiiia  faintly  irinrkcil ;  rlaviisoli'ar 8.   /'.  wtnaniii^. 

Niiiiowiiin  HideH  of  thorax  >iti'ni){tii  ;  simihuI  joint  «'  anteiiniH  much  JmtH  or  iiiMcIi  more  than  twirc.  iih 
long  ii»  thi^  tirst. 

Second  joint  ot  antenna)  scarcely  half  ax  Ion;;  *aaiii  aa  tln^  lirst Ji.    /'.  viiernoxux. 

Second  joint  of  auteuua^  thrci;  tiniUN  sh  lon^  it-  the  lirHt. 

Thorax  Hniooth  ;  hi  iitelliim  sharply  unfjled 4.  I'.  Inhidus. 

Thorax  puuctate  ;  sonteUuui  ronndly  aaeled 5.  P.  onlentua. 

1.  PcECILOrAPSrS    FREMONTII. 
PI.  1'4,  Fiff.  3. 
An  elegant  and  well  iiiarkeii  species  not  distantly  relatotl  to  P.  orna- 
tulus  (Stal)  of  Mexico,  but  difi'ering  in  the  markings  and  in  the  uniform  thorax. 


366 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


<  > 


'11 

ii 


ii  'I- 


'tjii 


Head  uniformly  dark,  tl>e  sides  of  the  frontal  prominence  full ;  basal  joint 
of  antennjc  barely  shorter  tlian  the  head,  rather  slender,  a  little  thickened 
apically;  second  joint  about  two  and  a  quarter  times  longer  than  the  basal 
joint,  scarcely  incrassated  apically,  the  slender  succeeding  joints  together 
about  as  long  as  the  second.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as  broad  at  base  as 
at  apex,  the  apex  emarginate,  the  base  regularly  arcuate,  the  taj)ering  sides 
distinctly  though  not  strongly  convex,  the  whole  blackish  infumate,  and 
smooth,  in  no  way  punctate,  which  is  exceptional  in  Poecilocapsus.  Scu- 
tellnm  pale  with  a  l)lack  edging.  Hemelytra  pale  or  light  colored,  with 
the  whole  of  the  clavus  black,  a  large,  transverse,  fuliginous  cloud  at  the 
outer  extremity  of  the  corium  crossing  the  interior  half  of  the  hemelytra  as 
a  narrow  and  vague  stripe,  and  .again  enlurging,  but  more  obscurely,  at  the 
inner  termination  of  the  corium,  and  accompanied  by  a  much  smaller  infus- 
cation  of  the  outer  tip  of  the  cuneus. 

Length  of  body,  6.75""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""° ;  length  of  second 
antennal  joint,  1.7""". 

Named  for  one  of  the  earliest  scientific  explorers  of  the  Rocky  Mount- 
flins,  Gen.  John  C.  Fn'mont. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  8631,  9500,  12284,  13554,  and  of 
the  Princeton  Collection,  1.845. 

2.    PCECILOCAPSUS   VETERANDUS. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  9. 

Head  but  slightly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  dark ;  basal  joint  (*f 
antenna'  distinctly  shorter  than  the  head,  a  little  incrassated  apically  ;  sec- 
ond twice  as  long  as  the  first,  its  greatoi-  size  distally  than  proximally 
scarcely  perceptible,  the  slender  succeeding  joints  not  fully  preserved  on 
either  specimen ;  rostrum  nearly  reaching  the  hind  coxte.  Thorax  fully 
two  and  a  half  times  broader  at  base  than  at  apex,  but  otherwise  shaped 
exactly  as  in  P.  fremontii.  the  (^olor  blackish  fuliginous,  the  surface  punctate 
with  moderately  distant  minute  bhiok  dots.  Scutellum  of  the  color  of  the 
thorax.  Hemelytra  pallid  throughout  but  the  inner  edge  infuscated,  and 
slight  infuniated  spots  at  the  outer  tip  of  the  corium  and  cuneus. 

Length  of  body,  5.8"'";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.1""";  length  of  second 
antennal  joint,  1.4.5"""'. 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  8648,  8849,  11785  and  12076. 


IIBiMlPTERA— UETEIiOPTERA— OAPSin^. 


867 


3.    POOCILOCAPSITH   VETERNOStlS. 

This  species  closely  resembles  P.  fremontii,  but  differs  somewhat  in 
markings  and  much  in  the  form  of  the  thorax  and  the  length  of  the  seconti 
antennal  joint.  The  head,  which  is  dark,  is  rather  acutely  produced  in 
front  of  the  eyes  ;  basal  joint  of  untennaB  almost  as  long  as  the  head  and 
moderately  stout,  the  second  a  little  slenderer,  slightly  larger  distally  than 
proximally,  exceptionally  short,  being  scarcely  half  as  long  again  as  the 
first  joint,  the  snc^ceeding  joints  about  equal  and  together  as  long  as  the 
second.  Thorax  fully  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  at  base  as  at  apex,  the 
apex  roundly  and  shallowly  emarginate,  tiio  base  regularly  and  gently  con- 
vex, the  sides  oblique  and  straiglit,  the  surface  a  little  irregular  but  impunc- 
tate  as  in  P.  fremontii,  somewhat  obscurely  mottled,  dark  colors  i>revailing 
posteriorly,  paler  anteriorly.  Scutellum  generally  pale  but  with  both 
extreme  base  and  ap<fx  more  or  less  infuscated,  the  sides  transversely  pec- 
tinate. Hcmielytra  ma»^x,ed  as  in  P.  fremontii,  but  much  less  heavily  and  in 
particular  the  clavus  less  obsctire. 

F.ength  of  body,  5.8"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.35"'" ;  length  of  second 
antennal  joint,  1.1""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2107,  8113. 


4.    PCECILOCAPSUS    TAUIDUS. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  8, 

A  single  specimen  represents  this  species,  not  so  well  preserved  as  the 
others.  Tlie  head  is  large,  the  part  in  front  of  tlie  eyes  exceptionally  large, 
well  produced,  and  with  a  broad  rounded  apex  ;  first  joint  of  antenna3  mod- 
erately slender,  ('([ual,  a  little  m1  orter  than  the  head;  the  second  joint  excep- 
tionally long,  being  almost  or  quite  throo  times  as  long  as  the  first,  slender, 
and  equal  throughout :  tliird  joint  half  as  long  as  second,  '^fhorax  less  than 
twice  as  broad  at  apex  as  at  bases  anteriorl}-  truncate,  posteriorly  gently  and 
regularly  convex,  the  sides  obl'qiie  and  straight,  the  surface  sniootli,  witliout 
j)unctures,  more  or  less  mottled  and  infuscated,  as  is  also  the  scutellum, 
which,  however,  is  more  unifonnly  infuscated  or  infumate,  and  has  a  sharp, 
apical  angle.  Hemelytra  nearly  pallid,  but  with  the  clavus  more  or  less 
obscure,  and  the  outer  apex  of  corium  and  cuneus  each  with  a  small,  dis- 
tinct, triangular,  fuscous  spot. 


" 


368 


TKHTlAllY  INSUCTS  01-'  NOltTll  AMKUICA. 


11 


IHII 


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Lengtli  of  body,  5"*" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""" ;  length  of  necond 
antennal  joint,  2""". 

Floriasant.     Three  Hpecimens,  Nos.  69<;8,  J»7.»0,  10592. 

5.    POECILOCAPSIIS   OHTKNTU8. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  2. 

The  head  is  short  and  rounded,  but  very  Uttle  produced  in  front  of  the 
eyes;  first  joint  of  antennjc  slender  but  short,  no  longer  than  ihe  head, 
which  it  surpasses  only  a  little ;  second  fully  three  times  as  long  as  the  first, 
slender  and  equal ;  third  two-thirds  as  long  as  second.  Thorax  fully  twice 
as  broad  at  apex  as  at  base,  anteriorly  emarginate,  jiosteriorly  scarcely  con- 
vex, the  sides  very  oblique  and  straigiit ;  it  is  as  long  as  the  scutelluni,  deli- 
cately i)unctate,  and  blackish.  Scutelluni  of  a  similar  color,  its  apical  angle 
rounded.  1  lemelytra  obscure  and  indistinct,  but  apparently  darker  at  apex 
tlian  at  base. 

Length  of  body,  G.3""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.25""" ;  length  of  second 
antennal  joint,  1.3""", 

Florissant.  One  specimen,  No.  13.560.  No,  7911  may  also  belong 
here,  and  if  so  the  hemelytra  are  marked  very  much  as  in  the  preceding 
species. 

CAPSUS  Fabricius. 

This  genus  (in  an  extended  sense)  has  been  recognized  in  amber  by 
Berendt  and  Gravenhorst,  but  no  fossil  species  have  been  described.  The 
sjiecies  described  below  are  placed  here  dubiously,  at  least  as  regards  the 
sense  in  which  the  genus  is  now  ordinarily  restricted.  Each  has  a  very 
very  short  thorax,  similarly  formed. 

Tahle  of  Ihe  species  of  Capsus. 

iia'4B  tihun  five  milliraeturs  in  length.     First  antennal  joint  scarcely  broader  thau  the  second. 

1.  C  obsolefactiis. 
More  thau  six  millimeters  in  length.     First  antennal  joint  half  as  broad  again  as  the  second. 

2.  C.  laoiis. 

1.  Capsus  obsolefactus. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  13. 

Head  small,  considerably  and  triangularly  produced  in  front  of  the 
eyes,  where  it  is  angulate;  first  joint  of  antennae  slender,  of  about  the 
length  of  the  head,  the  second  fully  twice  as  long  as  the  first,  slender,  and 


I 


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369 


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1 


Hourly  equal,  tlie  followirifr  Hubt'ciual  iind  togetlior  longer  than  the  Becond. 
Thonix  very  fuiritlv  and  distantly  punctate,  Hlioit,  truncate  in  front  and 
behind,  or  Homewn.it  eniarginate  in  front,  the  base  more  than  twice  the 
breadth  of  the  apex,  the  Hides  obiifjue  and  nearly  straight;  h(  iitejlum  mod- 
erately hirg<'.  I.egs  slender  but  not  very  long.  Henielytra  fuscous  like 
the  body,  the  membrane  small  and  pale  fuliginous. 

Length,  4.7.7 ;  breadth,  2""". 

Florissant.     Tlireo  spectimens,  Nos.  851,  3480,  4500. 

2.    CaPSUS   LACITS. 
PI.  22,   Pip.  2. 

.  Head  Bmall,  roundly  and  not  very  strongly  produced  in  front  of  the 
eyes;  first  joint  (.f  antenna;  rather  stout,  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the 
head,  the  se(;ond  much  slenderer,  equal,  as  far  as  press,  rved  nearly  twice  as 
long  as  the  first.  Thora.x  very  obscurel}-  punctate,  truncate  at  either 
extremity  or  a  little  and  roundly  emarginate  in  front,  the  base  more  than 
twice,  probably  two  and  a  half  times,  broader  than  the  apex,  the  sides 
strongly  oblique  and  straight.     Legs  rather  stout  and  not  long. 

Length,  6  5"'"' ;  breadth,  2.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  128. 

APOREMA  gen.  nov.  {ctTrc'pTfjua). 

I  am  unable  to  decide  upon  the  precise  position  of  the  insect  here  con» 
cerned,  though  it  appears  to  belong  in  or  near  the  Phytocoraria.  The 
head,  which  has  been  uncovered  since  the  plate  was  engraved,  is  less  than 
half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  but  more  than  twice  m  broad  as  long,  and  thus 
exceptionally  small.  The  thorax,  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  is  poste- 
riorly truncate,  while  the  front  narrows  rapidly  but  with  a  rounded  curve 
to  the  narrow  neck ;  it  is  not  carinate.  The  scutellum  is  of  large  size, 
equiangular,  with  perfectly  straight  sides.  The  tegmina  are  slender,  with 
gently  convex  costa,  the  apical  margin  oblique,  but  the  neuration  can  be 
made  out  in  the  smgle  specimen  known  neither  here  nor  in  the  wings.  The 
hind  legs  are  rather  long  and  slender,  the  femora  extending  fiir  beyond  the 
sides  of  the  body  an<l  apparently  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  base  of  the 
abdomen,  the  tibije  still  longer  with  a  row  of  very  short  and  iri(;onsnicuou8 

VOL  XIII 24 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Sciences 

Coiporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  87}-4;03 


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I 


370 


TERTlAltY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


(li.staut  8))ines.     Abdomen  ovate,   constricted  at  the  base,  rather  broadly 
rounded,  and  not  produced  apically. 
A  single  species  is  known. 

ApOREMA    PKiESTKICTUM. 
PI.  20,  I-M5J.  4.  ~ 

The  body  is  of  a  dark  and  tolerably  uniform  color.  The  surfaces  of 
the  thorax  and  scutellum  are  smooth,  but  the  edges  of  the  latter  transversely 
wrinkled.  The  hemelytra  are  light  colored  or  pallid,  with  more  or  less 
infnmated  costal  edge,  which  expands  into  an  infumated  spot  at  the  ti|)  of  the 
corium  and  of  the  cuneus,  in  the  former  case  large,  in  the  latter  small;  the 
iiuier  margin  is  scarcely  infumated  and  the  membrane  clear.    I^egs  blackish. 

Length,  6.5™" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.65""";  abdomen,  2.85"'"';  length 
of  hind  tibia?,  2.5"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  9900. 

HADRONEMA  Uhler.     . 

This  genus  so  far  as  known  is  represented  by  a  single  species,  found 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  in  Mexico.  The  larger  species  here 
added  to  it  appears  to  agree  better  with  it  than  with  any  other  with  which 
T  have  been  able  to  compare  it,  though  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  really 
belongs  here. 

Hadkonema  cinerescens. 

PI.  24,  Fig.  12. 

Head  small  and  rounded,  scarcely  at  all  advanced  in  front  of  the  eyes, 
uniformly  scabrous;  first  joint  of  antenn;B  moderately  stout,  not  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  head,  the  second  slender,  slightly  incrassated  in  the 
apical  half  or  less,  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  the  first  joint,  the  third 
about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  second.  Thorax  scabrous  like  the  head, 
truncate  at  each  extremity,  less  than  twice  as  broad  at  base  as  at  apex,  the 
oblique  sides  gently  arcuate,  the  color  of  the  head  and  thorax  uniform  black. 
Hemelytra  not  well  preserved,  the  legs  moderately  slender,  stouter  and 
shorter  than  in  the  modern  II.  militaris  Ulil 

Length,  6.6'""' ;  breadth,  2""". 

Florissant,     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2980,  13559. 


HEMIPTEKA— UETEROPTEKA— PHY8APODES. 


371 


Family  PHYSAPODES  Dum^ril. 

These  minute  flov/er  insects  have  been  found  in  considerable  numbers 
in  Tertiary  deposits.  Aix,  Oeningen,  Rott,  and  amber  have  each  yielded 
more  than  one  species  of  Thrips,  fifteen  in  all  of  which  neari/  half  come 
from  Rott.  Besides  this  Rott  has  furnished  four  species  of  Heliothrips  and 
one  of  Phloeothrips,  while  an  extinct  genus  Calothrips  is  represented  f.t  Aix 
by  a  single  species.  In  our  own  country  they  have  been  detected  only  in 
tlie  White  River  beds,  where  one  species  each  of  the  genera  Melanothrips, 
Lithadothrips,  and  PaU-eothrips  have  been  found  and  are  described  below ; 
the  last  two  of  the  genera  are  extinct. 

MELANOTHRIPS  Haliday. 

The  only  species  of  this  genus  that  has  been  found  fossil  ia  the  one 
desrribed  below.  So  far  as  I  know  Melanothrips  has  not  been  observed 
this  country  among  recent  insects,  but  only  in  Europe ;  but  so  little  in 
attention  has  been  paid  to  our  native  species  of  Physapc^es  that  this  is  of 
little  significance. 

Melanothrips  extincta. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  9'.),  91. 

ifelanothripa  exHnota  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  I,  2ai  (1875). 

Head  small,  tapering ;  the  only  appendages  visible  are  the  antennse ; 
these  are  only  sufficiently  preserved  to  recognize  that  they  are  very  long 
and  slender,  longer  than  the  thorax.  The  tliorax  is  rather  small,  quadrate; 
wings  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  fringed  on  the  costal  border  as  in  Palseo- 
thrips  fofjsilis.  The  abdomen  is  composed  of  only  eight  joints,  but  is  very 
long  and  very  tapering,  fusiform,  the  last  joint  produced,  as  usual  in  the 
physapods ;  the  third  joint  is  the  broadest ;  of  the  wings  only  tlie  costal 
border  and  a  p^rt  of  one  of  the  longitudinal  veins  can  be  seen  ;  there  are 
no  remains  of  legs. 

Length  of  body,  2.2""" ;  of  ante-.u-c,  ().8""» ;  of  head,  0.14""" ;  of  thorax, 
0.5"";  of  abdomen,  IM'"""-  greatest  breadtli  of  abdomen,  0  5"'"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  spenmen,  W.  Denton. 


372 


TERTIARY  INSEOTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


i 


a 


mi 


LITHADOTIIRIPS  Scudder  {XtOd?,  Op/tP). 

Lithadothripa  Sciulil.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Ti  rr.,  I,  221  (1875). 

Allied  to  Melanothrips  Haliday.  The  head  is  large,  broad,  j^lobose ; 
the  eyes  exoeedin<^ly  large,  globose,  each  occupying  on  a  superior  view 
fully  one-third  of  the  head  ;  the  antennae  very  slender,  equal,  as  long  as  the 
tiiorax,  the  joints  eight  or  nine  in  number,  cylindrical,  equal,  scarcely  en- 
larging toward  their  tips.  The  prothora.K  is  no  larger  than  the  head,  of 
equal  breadth  with  it,  the  whole  thorax  shaped  as  in  Paheothrips.  Only 
fragments  of  the  wings  remain,  sufficient  to  render  it  probable  that  they 
agree  well  with  the  character  of  the  group  to  which  Melanothrips  and  ^olo- 
thrips  ".)elong.  The  legs  resemble  those  of  Palseothrips,  but  {".re  slender  and 
appear  to  be  ratlier  profusely  supplied  with  hairs.  The  abdomen  differs 
considerably  in  the  two  specimens  referred  to  this  genus.  In  one  it  is 
very  broadly  fusiform,  the  tip  a  little  produced,  nine  joints  visible,  tlie 
apical  furnished  with  a  few  hairs,  and  bluntlj'-  rounded  at  the  tip  ;  the  other 
has  the  sides  equal,  the  apex  not  at  all  produced,  but  very  broadly  rounded, 
only  seven  or  eight  joints  vaguely  definable. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

LiTHADOTHRIPS    VETUSTA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  88,  89,  102,  103. 

Lilhadotkripg  vetusia  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  1, 222  (1875). 

The  specimens,  both  of  which  represent  the  upper  surface  of  the  body 
with  fragments  and  vague  impressions  of  the  members,  are  too  poorly  pre- 
served to  add  anything  to  the  above  description  of  their  generic  features 
excepting  the  following  measurements  : 

First  specimen :  Length  of  body,  1.76""" ;  of  antennae,  0.6'"™  ;  of  thorax, 
0.0  v""";  oi  abdomen,  0  87™"';  breadth  of  head,  0.28"'™;  of  thorax,  0.62"'™; 
of  abdomen,  O-'JO"'™  ;  length  of  fore  femora,  0..37™™?;  breadth  of  same, 
0.14'"'";  length  of  hind  femora,  0.42™™;  breadth  of  same,  0.13™™. 

Second  specimen :  Length  of  body,  1.96™™;  of  antennae,  0.76'"™;  of 
thorax,  0.56'"™;  of  abdomen,  1.10™™;  breadth  of  head,  0.3  "j™™;  of  thorax, 
0  59™™  ;  of  abdomen,  0.59"'™. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     Two  specimens,  W.  Denton. 


HEMll'TEUA— JlETEltorXEKA— IMIVSAI'ODES. 


373 


PAL.EOTHRIPS  Scudder  {TraXau'?,  Opiip). 

Palmthripa  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oi'oj?r.  Snrv.  Terr.,  I,  2ti  (Ifflr.). 

This  genus  is  itllied  to  ^olothrips  Haliday.  The  head  is  small,  glo- 
bose ;  eyes  rounded,  much  smaller  than  in  Lithadothrips ;  antennai  slender, 
fully  as  long  as  the  thorax,  not  more  tlian  s'^ven-jointed,  the  joints  cylin- 
drical, subequal.  Prothorax  considerabh-  larger  than  the  head,  the  thorax 
as  a  whole  very  large,  stout,  and  tumid ;  fore  femora  very  stout,  scarcely 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  fore  tibiai  also  stout,  a  little  longer  tiuui 
the  femora;  the  other  legs  are  moderately  stout,  long,  reaching  beyond  tlie 
tip  of  the  abdomen,  with  a  few  scattered  rather  short  spinous  hairs ;  the 
hind  tarsi  three-jointed,  the  last  joint  smaller  than  the  others  and  all  together 
two-sevenths  the  length  of  the  tibite.  Fore  wings  unusually  broad,  broadest 
apically,  whjre  their  breadth  more  than  equtils  one-fourth  of  their  entire 
length,  provided  with  two  longitudinal  veins,  dividing  the  disk  into  three 
nearly  equal  portions,  connected  in  the  middle  by  a  cross-vein,  and  with 
either  border  b}'  other  cross-veins  at  about  one-third  and  two-thirds  the  dis- 
tance from  the  base  to  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  wing  is  heavily  fringed, 
especially  along  the  hind  border.  Hind  wings  veinless,  nearly  as  long,  and 
at  the  tip  nearly  as  broad,  as  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  nine-jointed,  half 
as  long  again  as  the  thorax,  rather  tumid,  scarcely  or  not  at  all  produced 
apically. 

PAL.SOTHBIP.S   FOSSILIS. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  104, 105,  115. 

Palwothrips  fouiUa  Scudd.,  Proc.  Boat.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  XI,  117— name  only  (18(iT)!  Biill.t:.  S.  Gcol 
GcMiar.  Siirv.  Torr.,  I,*2a-2'.i3  (1875)  ;  iu  Zittel,  Handb.  d.  PaliBont.,  I,  il,  784,  Fig.  IKK)  (liW.^,). 

Head  small,  tapering  a  little  in  front,  where,  however,  it  is  broadlv 
rounded.  The  antennae  are  certainly  seven-jointed,  and  none  of  the  apical 
joints  show  any  indication  of  being  connate,  the  last  joint  being  of  the  same 
length  as  the  two  preceding  it,  tapering,  and  bluntly  pointed;  none  of  the 
joints  show  any  enlargement  in  the  middle,  but  the  middle  joints  are  slightly 
larger  at  the  distal  extremity  than  at  the  base;  they  ajipear  to  be  destitute 
of  hairs  The  prothorax  is  subquadrate,  a  little  broader  than  long,  with 
rounded  sides  ;  the  fore  femora  are  unusually  stout,  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  prothorax.  The  longitudinal  veins  of  the  fore  wings  approach  each 
other  somewhat  abruptly  in  the  middle,  where  they  are  united  by  a  cross- 


374 


TKliTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  JSORTII  AiMKKICA. 


vein,  and  at  the  tip  of  tlie  winjj  they  curve  away  tVoin  oacli  other ;  the  two 
cross-veins  on  the  lower  third  of  the  wing  are  respectively  sliglitly  farther 
from  the  base  of  the  wing  than  the  corresponding  veins  of  the  upper  third ; 
the  fringe  on  the  posterior  border  is  hirgest  near  the  tip  of  the  wing,  wliero 
the  hairs  are  about  three  times  as  long  as  those  on  the  costal  border.  The 
first  hind  tarsal  joi  it  is  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  (cylindrical ;  the  second 
of  about  the  same  length  but  decidedly  broader  at  apex  than  at  base ; 
the  apical  joint  is  nearly  globular,  smallest  at  base,  as  large  in  the  middle 
as  the  base  of  the  other  joints.  There  are  a  few  liairs  at  tlie  tip  of  the  abdo- 
men and  a  few  short  ones  on  the  hind  tibi;e ;  the  apical  ones  stouter  than 
the  others,  resembling  spines ;  but  the  insect  appears  to  have  been  unusually 
destitute  of  hair.s,  excepting  on  the  wings,  where  not  only  the  edges  but  also 
all  the  veins  are  fringed. 

Length  of  body,  1.6-1.8""" ;  of  antenna;,  O.-'iS""" ;  of  fore  femora,  0.32""" ; 
breadth  of  same,  O.U""";  length  of  fore  tibi;e,  0.32""";  of  hind  femora, 
0.38""";  breadth  of  same,  O.U""";  length  of  hind  tibije,  0.42""";  of  hind 
tarsi,  0.12""";  of  fore  wings,  1.4"""-  of  hind  wings,  1.27"'™  ;  greatest  breadth 
of  fore  wings,  0.37""";  length  of  prothorax,  O.KJ""" ;  breadth  of  same,  0.32"'"'; 
length  of  whole  thorax,  0.64""" ;  of  abdomen,  0.92™'" ;  greatest  breadth  of 
the  same,  0.37""". 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     W.  Denton. 


m 
If-- 


Family  LYC^ID^E  Westwood. 

This  faniil}'  has  been  recognized  in  the  Secondary  rocks  by  somewhat 
obscure  fragments  in  England  and  Germany,  but  in  Tertiary  deposits  the 
family  is  comparatively  abundant  and  widespread.  Curiously  enough,  only 
two  species  have  been  recorded  from  amber,  and  in  Menge's  Collection  the 
family  was  represented  by  but  one.  Three-fourths  of  the  known  European 
species  are  those  described  by  Heer,  who  referred  them  to  few  genera.  It 
is  difficult  to  place  the  lar^'  :•  number  of  those  which  iiave  been  recorded, 
but  to  judge  in  part  by  the  living  species  with  which  some  of  them  are  com- 
pared it  is  plain  that  the  Myodochina  should  claim  about  one-half  of  them 
and  the  Lygaiina  the  larger  part  of  the  remainder,  the  others  being  distrib- 
autble  among  the  Cymina,  Blissina,  and  Heterogastrina.  In  all  there  are 
thirty-seven  species  credited  to  six  genera. 


llExMll'TEltA— UETEltOrTEltA— LYG^iU.^i. 


375 


In  our  own  country  the  numbers  are  largely  in  excess  of  this,  fifty-one 
species  being  recognized,  showing  this  family  to  have  been  one  of  the  more 
important  among  Tertiary  Heteroptera.  The  disposition  of  these  in  their 
respective  subfamilies  has  been  effected  only  by  their  evident  affinities  in 
general  structure  with  existing  niembers  of  these  subfamilies,  not  by  a 
demonstration  of  those  definite  characters  (mostly  relating  to  the  position 
of  the  stigmata)  upon  which  these  subfamilies  were  founded,  as  that  would 
be  impossible.  Tlie  result  shows  no  small  resemblance  to  the  character- 
istics of  the  European  Tertiary  fauna,  the  prevailing  type  being  the  Myo- 
dochin;,  and  the  next  the  Lygicina,  but  beyond  this  the  resemblance  fails 
to  extend  greatly,  the  prevailing  family  having  nearly  73  per  cent  of  tlu* 
whole,  while  in  Europe  they  claim  scarcely  more  than  50  per  cent;  and 
again  the  LygjBina  have  less  than  16  per  cent  of  the  whole,  while  in  Europe 
they  have  about  35  per  cent ;  further,  none  of  the  other  subfamilies  which 
appear  in  Europe  are  found  at  all  in  America,  our  other  groups  being  Geo- 
corina,  Oxycarenina,  and  Pyrrhocorina,  which  find  no  place  in  Europe. 
But  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  result  of  the  investigation  of  the  Ameri- 
can forms  is  the  large  number  of  new  generic  types  found  to  be  necessary 
in  the  Myodochina,  where,  out  of  the  twenty-one  genera  only  four  (with 
but  five  species  together)  are  regarded  as  identical  with  existing  types. 
In  the  Old  World  a  single  species  found  at  Oeningen  has  been  considered 
the  type  of  an  extinct  genus,  Cephalocoris,  not  found  with  us ;  but  undoubt- 
edly, to  judge  from  the  illustrations  and  descriptions,  a  more  searching 
examination  would  bring  out  a  different  condition  of  things.  Besides  this, 
Heer  has  established  a  magazine  genus,  Lygfeites,  for  all  the  members  of 
the  family  for  which  he  could  find  no  place  ;  it  evidently  comprises  very 
diverse  forms. 

Subfamily  LYG^^INA   St&l. 

This  group  of  Lygseidje  holds  the  second  rank  among  the  fossils  both 
in  Europe  and  America,  but  its  relative  and  absolute  importance  is  greater 
in  the  Old  World  than  in  the  New.  In  Europe  a  considerable  number  of 
species,  ten  or  eleven,  are  referred  to  Lygaeus,  not  including  those  which 
plainly  do  not  belong  here,  but  it  is  probable  that  only  one  of  the  species 
of  Heer's  magazine  genus  Lygteites  belongs  here,  most  of  the  others  being 
more  probably  Myodochina;  to  this  we  may  perhaps  add  his  extinct  genus 
Cephalocoris.     All  of  these  seem  to  belong  to  the  division  of  Lygaiaria. 


370 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOliTlI  AMliKICJA. 


In  our  own  Tertiaries  I  have  referred  all  the  species  to  the  modern  genera 
Lygajus  (three)  and  Nysius  (five),  the  fonner  beh»nging  to  the  division 
Lyga^aria,  the  latter  to  the  Orsillaria.  The  resemblance  between  the  Ter- 
tiary Lygjxjina  of  Europe  and  America  is  therefore  not  very  strong. 


,4» 


LYG^US  Fabricius. 

This  old  genus  having  given  birth  to  the  family  name,  a  considerable 
number  of  fossils  have  been  referred  to  it.  Nine  have  been  described,  one 
each  from  Aix  and  Krottensee,  two  each  from  Oeningen  and  Sieblos,  and 
three  from  Iladoboj  ;  Serres  aluo  refers  to  four,  and  Curtis  to  one,  species  of 
the  genus  at  Aix,  and  Berendt  and  Graveidiorst  credit  the  genus  to  amber. 
Three  of  these  unnamed  forms,  however,  are  compared  to  certain  living 
species,  which  show  tiiat  they  can  not  belong  here,  and  the  species  from 
Krottensee,  L.  mutilus,  is  certainly  not  a  Lygicus,  so  that  only  ten  or 
eleven  species  at  the  most,  named  and  unnamed,  can  be  claimed  for  the 
European  Tertiaries.     In  America  we  have  three,  all  found  at  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  epeeiea  of  Lygecun. 

Anterior  separated  from  posterior  lobe  of  thorax  by  a  distinct  though  lino  taborculate  ridgu. 

1.  Z.  atabilitus. 
Anterior  and  posterior  lobes  not  distinctly  separated. 

Thorax  distinctly  though  sparsely  punctured 'i.  L.  obaolencens. 

Thorax  smooth 3.  L.  facakutut. 

1.    LyG.«;US   STAB1LITU8. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  10;  PI.  24,  Pig.  16. 

Head  strongly  but  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  pretty  large  eyes, 
the  surface  finely  rugulose,  uniform  black-brown,  the  antennae  uniformly 
fuscous.  Thorax  with  ampliated  lateral  margins,  which  are  finely  mar- 
ginate,  the  front  margin  considerably,  regularly,  and  roundly  emarginate ; 
surface  of  posterior  lobe  coarsely,  faintly,  and  distantly  puncta.te,  of  anterior 
much  like  the  head,  the  two  separated  by  a  slight  indented  carina,  giving 
it  a  ,  iberculate  appearance ;  the  anterior  lobe  is  dark  like  the  head,  the 
posterior  paler  but  obscurely  so ;  the  scutellum  in  color  and  surface  struct- 
ure is  like  the  head.  The  hemelytra  are  dark  obscure,  with  a  broad  faint 
band  crossing  them  when  closed  just  beyond  the  tip  of  the  scutellum,  very 
much  as  in  Dysdercus  cinctus  of  the  same  beds,  which  but  for  the  presence 
of  ocelli  this  species  greatly  resembles. 


IIEMll'TERA— MCTKKOI'TKUA— LYO^:iI)i1<:. 


377 


Length  of  body,  8.5-9""" ;  antennae,  3.5"""' ;  breadth  of  thorfix,  3""'. 
Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  11020  and  11235,  11219,  and  of 
the  Princeton  Collection,  Nos.  1.811  and  1.821. 

2.  LyG.«:U8   OB80LE8CEN8. 

PI.  24,  Fig.  15. 

Head  strongly  but  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  large  eyes ;  the 
surface  smooth,  uniform ;  antennae  longer  than  in  the  other  species,  uni- 
formly fuscous.  Thorax  with  nearly  straight  sides,  the  anterior  outer 
angles  rounded,  the  front  margin  regularly,  roundly,  though  not  consider- 
ably, marginate ;  surface  uniformly,  very  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctate, 
the  scutellum  similar.  Color  of  whole  body  uniform  or  nearly  so,  but  with 
faint  signs  that  the  disk  of  the  thorax  was  lighter  than  the  rest  and  that  a 
lighter  but  obscure  and  narrow  band  crossed  the  closed  hemelytra  and 
scutellum  at  the  apex  of  the  latter. 

Length  of  body,  10""';  antenna?,  4.5°"";  breadth  of  thorax,  S.S"". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  421,  104l>4,  11218. 

3.  LyO^US   FiECULENTUS. 

Head  but  little  and  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  the  surface 
smooth,  more  or  less  mottled,  the  antennas  fuscous,  the  second  joint  much 
darker  than  the  succeeding.  Thorax  with  scarcely  ampliated,  oblique  lat- 
eral margins,  the  front  margin  gently  and  roundly  emarginate,  the  whole 
surface  smooth,  fusco-fuliginous,  with  a  pair  of  oblique  and  divergent 
paler  lateral  clouds ;  scutellum  smooth,  the  disk  and  base  fusco-fuliginous, 
the  rest  obscure  pallid.  Hemelytra  fuliginous  with  no  transverse  pallid 
band,  but  with  a  narrow,  pallid  stripe  following  the  sutura  clavi. 

Length  of  body,  9.75"""^,  antennae,  3.75"'";  breadth  of  thorax,  3  1""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  1.835,  of  the  Princeton  Collection. 

.   NYSIUS  Dallas. 

No  fossil  Heteroptera  have  been  before  referred  to  this  genus,  which 
is  found  all  over  the  worid,  from  Greenland  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  in 
the  East  Indian  and  Pacific  Islands,  and  in  North  and  South  America 
Five  species  occurring  in  the  Florissant  shales  belong  here  or  in  the  near 
vicinity,  and  may  be  separated  by  the  following  table : 


T 


378  TEKTiAltV  INSKGTS  OF  NORTH  AMKUIOA. 

Tallin  of  Ihe  tpeiien  of  iVi/dfiig. 

Aiituunui  diHtiiiclly  more  than  lialfiM  Ioiik  um  tlie  body. 

Head  (liHtiiiotly  lon«or  tlittii  broad;  body  relatively  Hlimdxr 1,  If,  vincltu. 

Iluud  distinctly  broadnr  than  long;  body  rrlatividy  Hlout 8,  jv.  reciilu. 

Antoniiii!  nearly  or  quite  half  as  long  as  the  body,  lint  not  mort-. 
AutunniK  half  as  long  as  the  body. 

Thorax  tapering  eonsideribly,  the  apex  hariUy  more  than  half  on  long  as  the  base ;  membraHO 

distinctly  infinnated ;i^V.  IritiiH, 

Thorax  tapering  but  little,  tUe  apex  fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  tlinbaso;  nienibraiiu  appar- 

""*'y  «'«"'• I.  .\.l,rr„: 

AnteniiH!  distinctly  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  body 5.  y,  hUuIiih. 

1.    NysIUS    VINCTIIS. 

liody  sleiuler,  three  times  us  long  as  broad ;  head  and  thorax  black, 
the  abdomen  blackish  fuscous,  anteiihiu  and  legs  very  dark  testaceous. 
Head  considerably  longer  than  broad,  well  rounded,  heavily  punctate. 
Antenna',  distinctly  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  tlie  basal  joint  stout, 
the  remainder  slender,  decreasing  regularly  and  slightly  in  size  from  the 
second  to  tiie  fourth.  Thora.\  rapidly  tapering  forward,  the  apical  about 
iialf  the  length  of  the  basal  margin,  botli  truncate  ;  surface  heavily  punctate. 
Apex  of  corium  reaching  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abilomen, 
corium  iufuscated;  met.ibrane  clear  with  distinct  fuscous  veins. 

Length  of  body,  (I""" ;  antennae,  3.6""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  7310. 

2.  Nysius  vecula. 
PI.  2'-',  Fig.  7. 

Body  as  compared  with  the  preceding  species  relatively  stout,  being 
somewhat  less  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  whole  body  vMi  the  le<>s 
blackish  fuscous,  antenna;  slightly  paler.  Head  broader  than  long,  rounded 
subtriangular,  smooth  or  scarcely  punctate.  Antenna>  distinctly  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout,  projecting  con- 
siderably beyond  the  front,  the  remaining  joints  slender,  the  apical  barely 
incrassated  and  as  long  as  the  penultimate.  Thorax  tapering  legularl  and 
considerably,  the  apical  considerably  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal 
margin,  both  truncate,  the  oblique  sides  without  ampliation ;  the  surface 
rather  delicately  punctate.  Hemelytra  with  corium  iufuscated,  reaching 
somewhat  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen;  all  the  veins  delicately 
punctate. 

Length  of  body,  5.5-5.6™";  antennae,  S.TS"";  breadth  of  body,  ^.G™"'. 


! 


1 1 E  M I PT I-:  It  A— H  ETE  HO  ['T  I-;  U  A— L  YG  .E 1 1).!}. 


379 


«b 


Floi-isHJint.     Sevon  specimens,  Nos.  3601,  .H739,  4886,  11522,  1154!), 
1315il,  and  from  the  Princeton  Collection  1.828. 

'i.    NySIUS   TRITU8. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  20. 

Body  slender,  fully  three  times  us  long  as  broad ;  the  head  and  thorax 
black,  the  abdomen  blackish  fuscous;  corium  and  clavus  of  hemelytra 
blackish  brown  with  a  large,  triangular,  clear,  pallid  spot  occupying  the 
basal  liiilf  or  more  of  the  corium,  and  also  another  smaller,  triangular,  pallid 
spot  at  its  extreme  apex ;  mend)rane  fuliginous.  Head  subrotund,  broader 
than  the  apex  of  the  thorax,  apparently  broadly  angulate  in  front,  the  sur- 
face smootli.  The  antennae  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  apical  joint  slightly 
incrassated.  Thorax  tapering  rapidly  and  regularly  fron>  base  to  apex,  the 
iipical  hardly  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  both  trum'ate;  the 
surface  heavily  punctate,  as  is  also  that  of  the  scutellum ;  veins  of  the 
hemelytra  also  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  4  3'""' ;  antenna',  2.15"'"' ;  breadth,  l.SS"""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6142,  12465. 

4.  Nysius  terr^. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  31. 

Body  moderately  slender,  rendered  less  so  by  its  slightly  oval  shape ; 
head  and  thorax  blackish  brown,  the  abdomen  a  little  paler;  legs  and 
antennae  dark  testaceous.  Head  small,  distinctly  broader  than  long,  rounded, 
with  the  eyes  narrower  than  the  apex  of  the  thorax;  surface  smooth. 
Antenufc  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  projecting  but  little  be- 
yond the  front  of  the  head,  the  apical  slightly  incrassated  and  fully  as  long 
as  the  penultimate  joint.  Thorax  tapering  gently  from  base  to  apex,  the 
apical  fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  both  truncate  ;  the  sides 
hardly  ampl'ated ;  surface  heavily  punctate,  as  is  also  the  scutellum. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  nearly  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the 
abdomen,  dark  fuscous,  with  a  very  large,  rounded,  blackish  fuscous  spot 
in  the  middle  of  the  apical  margin  ;  the  membrane  apparently  clear. 

Length  of  body,  4.1"'"' ;  antennae,  2"°' ;  breadth  of  base  of  thorax, 
1.25""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4606,  7064. 


f  ,•*  waf  ijmi^iy.)  4^.^!^  \m 


i 


380 


TKHTIAUV   INHKCTH  OK  NOJtTII  AMKKIOA. 


•if 

11 


i 


!!' 


6.  Nysiub  htkatus. 

PI.  2;{,  FiB8. 14,  27;  IM.  L>r.,  Fjkh.  li,  S. 
Body  rather  Hlendor,  beii.fr  nhnut  three  timeH  us  1.,,.-  .,«  l.road      Head 
rounded.  Hubtrianguhir.  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  or,  if  anytliin.r 
H  httle  broader  than  long,  with  the  eyes  slightly  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax,  smooth.     Antenna,  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  stout 
basal  joint  projecting  slightly  beyond  the  front  of  the  head,  the  .ocond  joint 
very  slender,  the  others  gradually  incrassated,  so  as  to  be  f.dly  half  as  broad 
agan.  m  the  nnd.Ue  of  the  apical  joint  as  in  the  .nid.llo  of  the  second  joint 
the  apical  fully  as  long  as  the  penultimate  joint.     Thorax  trapezoidal,  taper- 
n.g  from  base  to  apex  gradually  and  regularly,  with  straight  sides,  some- 
tmies  a  little  ampliated,  the  apical  distinctly  more  than  one-half  as  Ion.,  as 
the  basal  margin,  both  truncate,  or  the  apical  very  slightlv  and  roundly 
emargmate,  surface  coarsely  punctate  like  the  scutellum.     AH  the  femora 
rather  stout,  the  fore  and  middle  ],airs  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  hind  pair 
a  little  longer,  smooth ;  all  the  tibia>  slightly  hmger  than  their  resnective 
femora,  slender.     Corium  of  hemelytra  with  the  apex  reaching  beycmd  the 
middle  of  the  ab.lomen,  testaceous,  with  blackish  fuscotis  blotches  irregu- 
larly distributed  ;  all  the  veins  of  the  corium  and  clavus  di.stincti  v  puncta'Je  • 
membrane  nearly  clear  with  testaceous  streaks  along  the  veins." 

Length  of  body,  4-rr'";  anten.uv,  1.75-'J ;  breadth  of  bod  v,  1.. 5-1.7- 

This  is  the  commonest  of  the  Lyga-ida;  at  Florissant. 
Florissant.     Twenty-five  specimens,  No.s.  902,  1349, 1G71   SruG  4853 
4931,6123,6177,6365,6542,7540,    10381,10825,10888,  !()!.(;<)    iiuo' 
111G4,  12065,  12463,  12751,  13158,  14023,  14181,   14432,  and  from  the 
l^rinceton  Collection  1.840. 

Subfamily  OEOCORINA  Stdl. 

A  single  species  referred  below  to  Geocoris  is  the  only  fossil  form  over 
recognized  in  this  family. 

GEOCORIS  FallJn. 

This  cosmopolitan  genus,  rich  in  species  and  about  equally  developed 

in  the  Old  and  New  Worlds,  is  more  prolific  in  the  northern  than  in  the 

southern  hemisphere  in  the  New  World,  the  opposite  in  the  Old  World.     It 

has  never  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state,  but  a  single  species  appears  to 


IIKMII'TKHA— HKTKItOPTKUA— LYd^lD.K. 


881 


occur  lit  I'loiiHrtHiit,  wliero  itH  htriking  bromith  of  head  hikI  stout  loro  feuuna 
(listiuj^uiHli  it  froru  all  other  forms. 

GeOCOKIH    INFKKNORIIM. 
PI.  23,  FiRH.  17,  2«. 

Ilciul  ijroiully  rouudod  in  front  without  the  least  sign  of  being'  pro- 
duced, in  which  it  differs  strikingly  from  all  existing  species  I  have  been 
able  to  examine  ;  twice  as  broad  as  long,  witn  the  small  eyes  just  as  broad 
as  the  front  of  the  thorax ;  antennje  shorter  than  head  and  thorax  com- 
bined, very  slender,  cylindrical,  with  no  enlargement  anywhere,  the  second 
joint  longest,  the  third  and  fourth  successively  shorter.  The  thorax  is 
nearly  or  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long  with  gently  convex  sides,  scarcely 
narrower  in  front  than  behind,  and  the  angles  hardly  rounded;  tlie  surface 
is  very  feebly  i)unctate.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  hardly  reaching 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  very  opaque  fuhcous  with  pale  patches 
or  streaks  following  the  course  of  the  veins;  membrane  invisible.  Legs 
short,  the  fore  femora  (when  turned  sc  as  to  see  the  broader  face)  very 
stout,  rotund,  not  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  broad.  Abdomen  very 
broad  and  full. 

Length,  ;i.25'"'"  ;  breadth,  L45""". 

Florissant.     Six  specimens,  Nos.  5640,  5734,  5864,  5888,  6483,  ISl.'^'V 

Subihmily   OXYCARENINA  St&l. 
This  group,  much  more  highly  developed  in  the  Old  World  than  in  the 
New,  has  never  been  found  fossil  there ;  but  here  we  have  an  extinct  genus, 
Procrophius,  in  the  shales  of  Florissant,  with  three  species. 

PROCROPHIUS  gen.  nov.  {7rp6,  Crophius,  nom.  gen.). 

The  brevity  of  the  antennas  and  of  the  corium  at  once  distinguish  this 
from  any  living  forms  of  Lygajidae  with  which  it  would  appear  to  be  related, 
and  with  which  from  its  abundance  in  the  rocks  we  should  perhaps  the 
more  expect  to  find  relationship.  The  brevity  of  the  corium  distinguishes 
it  from  Ischnorhynchus  with  which  its  general  form  agrees,  especially  with 
the  Central  American  species,  and  I  can  find  nothing  nearer  to  it  than  Cro- 
phius, from  which  it  differs  decidedly  in  the  antennae.  The  head  is  trian- 
gular, shorter  than  broad,  together  with  the  eyes  of  the  same  breadth  as  the 


■i;  j< 


■i 


ft" 


382  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

narrowed  apex  of  the  tliorax,  which  is  broadest  at  extreme  base,  or  close  to 
it;  inucli  broader  than  long,  and  tapers  forward  with  greater  or  less  rapidity 
and  regularity.  The  hemelytra  have  the  outer  extremity  of  the  corium 
reaching  not  far  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  legs  are  very 
miich  as  in  Crophius.  The  antennjE  are  at  most  only  a  little  more  than  a 
third  as  long  as  the  body,  the  first  joint  short  and  not  surpassing  the  head, 
the  rest  slender  and  nearly  cylindrical,  the  second  the  longest,  the  third  and 
fourth  equal  in  length,  but  the  last  slightly  incrassated. 

Three  species  occur  at  Florissant,  one  of  them  in  great  abundance. 

Table  of  the  spedes  of  Proorophiua. 

Hemelytra  with  no  diHtinot  series  of  punctures. 

Heniel.vtni  iiniforinly  or  almost  uniformly  obscure 1.  p.  communis. 

Hemelytra  clear  with  a  broad  costal  thickening 2.  P.  costalis. 

Heme'iytra  with  distinct  series  of  punctures  following  the  main  veins 3.  P.  languens. 

X.    PEOOrvOPHIUS   COMMUNIS. 
PL  23,  Figs.  13, 18,  28,  29 ;  PI.  24,  Fig.  1. 

The  smtennce  of  this  species  are  much  stouter  than  in  the  next,  and 
Riso  relatively  shorter  The  head  is  more  than  half  as  i  ig  as  the  tliorax, 
or  a  little  more  than  that,  very  bluntly  angled  in  front ;  thorax  about  as 
long  as  the  anterior  breadth,  at  least  half  as  broad  again  posteriorly,  taper- 
ing with  great  uniformity  so  as  to  sh.^w  but  little  curvature  to  the  sides,  the 
surface  nearly  sniooth,  entirely  without  constriction  next  the  base.  Heme- 
lytra dark  and  obsccre,  occasionally  with  obscure  lighte.^  patches  below  the 
costal  field  and  next  the  middle  of  the  membranal  suture  ;  membrane  clear. 

This  is  one  of  the  commonest  species  of  Lygasidae  at  Florissant 

Length  of  body,  3.5""";  breadth,  1.5°"";  length  of  corium,  1.5™™. 

Florissant.  Twenty  specimens,  Nos.  183,  258,  1209, 140^,  1570,  2388, 
4313,  4577,  4602,  5722,  5832,  6205,  6246,  6873,  7330, 11184,  11222,  11652, 
12061,  12458. 

2.  Procrophius  costalis. 
PI.  23,  Fig.  8. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  in  the  slenderer  antennae,  the 
more  roundad  sides  of  the  pronotum,  and  the  Jiaracter  of  the  slightly  rela- 
tively longer  hemelytra.  The  thorax  is  rather  stouter  than  in  P.  communis, 
being  nearly  twice  as  broiid  as  long,  with  gently  rounded  sides,  which  at 


*» 


HEMIPTERA -HETEROPTEBA— LYGiElD^. 


383 


the  sama  time  taper  rapidly  ;  the  surface  smooth.  The  hemelytra  are  light 
colored,  excepting  for  an  equal,  not  very  broad,  costal  thickening  of  a  tes- 
taceous color,  wiiich  appears  to  be  characteristic.  The  abdomen  mem»  to 
be  ordinarily  fuller  in  the  apical  half  than  in  P.  communis. 

Length,  3.4"'"';  breadth,  1.5""';  length  of  corium,  1.75°"". 

Florissant.     Five  specimens,  Nos.  5952,  6367,  6394,  7062,  9937. 

3.   PrOCROI'HIUS  languens. 
PI,  23,  Fig.  23. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  separated  from  the  others  on  account  of 
certa.n  characteristics  v,'hich  appear  to  be  peculiar;  unfortunately  the 
appendages  of  the  head  are  not  preserved,  but  the  head  itself  appears  to  be 
longer  and  more  produced  than  in  either  of  the  other  species,  and  the  tho- 
rax of  the  same  form  as  in  P.  communis,  .tapering  as  rapidly  and  with  rec- 
tilinear sides,  but  it  is  perhaps  a  little  shorter  than  m  P.  communis  and  its 
surface  a  little  less  smooth.  The  hemelytra  are  clear  throughout,  and 
show  lines  of  punctures  along  the  course  of  the  principal  veins  which  can 
not  je  made  out  in  either  of  the  other  species.  The  abdonen  has  the  form 
oi  that  of  P.  costalis, 

Length,  3.4"'"';  breadth,  1.5""";  length  of  corium,  1.5°'"'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  6239. 

Subfamily  MY0130CHINA  St&l. 

As  has  been  stated  above,  the  vast  majority  of  the  American  fo;'iil 
Lygajidaj  belong  to  the  present  group.  A  remarkable  feature  to  be  noticed 
in  them— not  embracing  all  the  species,  but  certainly  most  of  them — is  the 
brevity  of  the  antennae,  rarely  half  as  long  at  the  body,  and  usually  nmch 
shorter  than  that.  They  are  extraordinary,  too,  for  the  very  large  propor- 
tion which  can  not  be  referred  to  existing  genera,  and  for  tLeir  general 
resemblance  as  a  whole  to  subtropical  types.  The  members  of  the  first 
group,  the  Myodocharia,  seem  to  form,  with  few  exceptions,  a  type  apart, 
in  which  the  posterior  lobe  of  the  thorax  does  not  broaden  from  behind  for- 
ward, being  as  a  whole  narrower,  or  at  least  no  broader,  than  the  anterior 
lobe  when  the  latter  has  ampliated  sides,  the  opposite  being  ordinarily  the 
case  in  modern  types.  With  a  single  exception  or  two  they  all  como  from 
Florissant 


r 


384 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


hm 


Pif 


j!    . 


Table  of  the  genera  of  fotiil  Myodochina. 

Anterior  and  poHterior  lobps  of  thorax  with  independi.it  lateral  cirves (Div.  Itlyodocharia.) 

Middle  f«Miiora  as  loa<;  as  the  width  of  the  body  at  their  insertion 1.  Ligyrocorin. 

Middle  femora  shorter  than  the  width  of  the  body  at  their  insertion. 
Anterioi  lobe  of  thorax  with  the  sides  crcnatn. 

Minute  species,  less  than  four  milliinoters  in  length 2.  Utenopamera, 

Larger  species,  not  less  than  live  millimeters  in  length. 
Anterior  ninch  longer  than  posterior  lobe  of  thorax. 

AntenniB  no  longer  than  bead  and  thorax  ;  tt^rminal  joint  no  liroa<ler  than  middle 

of  second  joint 3.  Catopamera. 

Anteni'.ie  as  long  as  hea<l,  tliorax,  and  scutellnm ;  terminal  joiut  incraasatcd. 

4.  I'hrudopamera. 

Anterior  lobe  of  thorax  a  little  shorter  than  the  posterior 5.  Cholula. 

Anterior  lobe  of  thorax  with  the  sides  obMque  and  straight. 
Anterior  and  posterior  lobcr  of  thi./as  aljout  equally  long. 

Larger  lurnis.     Antoniiie  more  tlmn  half  as  lung  as  body  ;  head  as  broad  as  middle  of 

thorax;  abdomen  laterally  expanded 6.  Lithocorii. 

Smaller  forms.     Antennie  only  half  as  long  as  body;  head  much  narrower  than  mid- 
dle of  thortix  ;  alidomcn  not  laterally  expanded 7.  Cnphoeoris. 

Posterior  lobe  of  thorax  distinctly  shorter  than  anterior. 

Posterior  margin  of  tliornx  angulate,  the  posterior  lobe  tnire  lis  long  in  the  middle  as 

at  sides. H.  Eucorilea. 

Posterior  margin  of  thorax  truncate,  the  posterior  lobe  of  equal  length  tbroughiiut. 
Antennin  a4  long  as  head  and  lljorax  together,  or  longer;     head  longrr  tliar 

broad 'J.  I'locoria, 

AntunniO  shnrtt^r  than  head  a>id  thorax  together;  bead  broader  thbn  long. 

10.  Clereacorifi. 
Anterior  and  posterior  lobes  of  thorax  distinguishable  only,  if  at  all,  by  the  transverse  impressed  lino 

of  the  upper  surface ^Div.  Rhyparochroinaria.) 

Eyes  small,  globular;  bead  not  broader  than  front  of  thorax. 

Minute  species,  usually  less  than  4"""  (In  one  instance  as  much  as  4.5""")  in  length. 
Autennie  only  as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together. 

Anterior  border  of  thorax  very  much  shorter  than  the  posterior  ;  or,  if  not,  much  longer 
than  the  length  of  the  thorax. 
Corium  of  hemlytra  reaching  only  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  ...11.  Trapezonotiia. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  distinctly  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdoruen. 

I'i.  Liiiniva. 
Anterior  border  of  thorax  but  little  shorter  than  the  posterior  and  of  the  same  length 

as  the  thorax M  IlliiiparoehromiiK. 

Antennie  fully  half  as  long  as  body. 

Second  joint  of  antennie  scarcely  longer  than  third  or  fourth U.  PiichymeruH. 

Secondjoint  of  antennie  much  longer  than  either  of  the  succeeding !.'>.  Tiromerm. 

Larger  species,  usually  more  than  .'>"""  (in  one  instance  as  little  at  4.7""")  in  length. 

Antennie  nearly  or  quite  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  last  joint  scarcely  or  not  iiiorassated. 

Hi.  I.illiochmmua. 
Antennie  not  or  scaroely  longer  than  head  and  thorax  together,  the  last  joint  usually  a 
little  incras.sated. 
Second  joint  of  antennie  longest. 

Thorax  considerably  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long 17.  Cnpioohromtii. 

Thorax  much  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long IH.  I'rohjgtBM. 

Last  joint  of  antennie  longest. 

Eyesat  baseof  head;  thorax  punctate ;  sides  of  alulomen  expanded, usually  beyond 

the  closed  hemelytra . 19.  Sicrochromm. 

Eyes  in  middle  of  head ;  thorax  smooth ;  sides  of  ab  lumen  not  oxnan  Iml  laterally 

beyond  t  e  hemelytra 20.  ExUelua. 

Eyes  large,  leuticnlar,  half  as  long  as  the  thorax ;  head  oonsidorably  broader  than  the  front  of  the 
thorax ,........, '^i.  t'ryptochromm 


Mf 


IIEMIPrEKA-IIKTKUOI'TKHA— LYd.ElD^E. 


385 


«f 


^ 


^ 


1.  LlGYROvJORIS  StAl. 

This  American  genus,  best  developed  in  Mexico  and  Central  America, 
where  seven  species  are  recorded,  and  which  also  extends  into  the  United 
States,  where  two  sjiecies  are  known  in  the  efwtern  portions,  seems  to  be 
represented  in  the  Florissant  shr.les  by  one  species,  thou<,'h  the  obscurity 
of  the  single  s])ecinien  makes  the  reterence  somewhat  doubtful.  No  extinct 
forms  have  before  been  recognized. 

LlUYKOCOKLS  KXSi;CTlIS. 

PI.  a4,  Fig.  5. 

The  single  specimen  that  is  referred  here  is  very  poorly  preserved, 
but  differs  markedly  from  all  other  specimens ;  in  general  the  aspect  of  the 
insect  is  that  of  a  fiigyrocoris,  and  I  have  accordingly  placed  it  in  that 
genus.  The  head  appears  to  be  of  the  same  width  as  the  thorax,  which  is 
subquadrate,  narrows  very  little  forward,  and  is  rather  broader  than  long. 
The  antennae  are  slender,  and  if  turned  backward  would  reach  about 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  closed  hemelytra.  I'he  fore  and  middle  femora 
are  very  similar  in  character,  the  middle  pair  slightly  the  longer,  moder- 
ately stout,  of  nearly  equal  width  throughout,  the  hind  femora  longer  still 
and  perhaps  a  little  slenderer,  reaching  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  with  the  membrane  reaching  far  beyond  the  tip  of  the  abdo- 
men, the  veins  dusky ;  tin  whole  body  is  of  a  uniformly  dark  color. 

Length  of  body,  5.25""" ;  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  7""" ;  breadth 
of  body,  1.6"*"' ,  length  of  hind  tibia;  and  tarsi,  4""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  12925. 

2.  STENOPAMERA  gen.  nov.  ((fTEy6?,  Pamera,  nom.  gen,). 

A  genus  of  Myodocharia  in  which  the  antenor  lobe  is  not  only  several 
times  longer  than  the  posterior,  but  which  by  its  bulla  3  form  is  even  wider 
than  it,  the  posterior  lobe  being  reduced  to  a  mere  narrow  belt.  The  whole 
insect  is  of  compact  oval  form,  less  than  three  times  longer  than  broad.  In 
the  last  respect  it  reminds  one  of  Trapezus,  but  in  its  principal  features  it 
seems  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  Pamera.  The  antennaj  are  scarcely  longer 
than  the  extreme- w: :1th  of  the  body   and  scarcely   have  the  apical  joint 

A'OI.   XI 11 2') 


\ 


386 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


incrasaated ;  the  first  joint  scarcely  surpasses  the  head,  the  second  is  the 
longest,  and  the  others  successively  shorter. 

Two  species  may  be  separated  among  the  fossils  found  at  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  spcMet  of  Steiiopmnera. 

Corinm  of  hemelytra  dark  with  pallid  subcostal  streak  and  inodian  patch 1,  S.  tenehroaa. 

Corium  of  hemelytra  pale  with  darkened  marglual  stripe a.  s.  aabterrea. 


tff 


1.  Stenopameka  tenebrosa. 

n.  23,  Pigs.  10,  24. 

Head  rounded  subtriangular,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  less 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax  at  its  greatest ;  antennte  about  as  long  as 
head  and  thorax  combined.  Tliorax  with  the  sides  strongly  convex  and' 
almost  angulate  in  the  middle,  in  front  of  which  it  narrows  rapidly,  the 
truncate  anterior  margin  shorter  than  the  length  of  the  thorax  and  hardly 
more  than  half  its  greatest  breadth  ;  surfoce  nearly  smooth,  transversely  and 
finely  pectinate.  Heinelytoi  with  the  corium  reaching  rather  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen,  very  dark,  but  not  so  dark  as  the  thorax,  with  a 
distinctly  and  sharply  pallid  sutnra  clavi  and  pallid  streaks,  especially  in 
the  subcostal  region  and  in  the  middle  of  the  outer  membranal  margin,  but 
also  often  extending  from  the  base  outward  along  the  costal  margin. 

Length,  3..55""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.45"™. 

Florissant.     Nine  specimens,  Nos.  1448,  4597,  5736,  (J217,  6373,  7397, 
7675,  11301,  12446. 

2.  bXENOPAMERA   SUBTERREA. 


iV 


ri.  23,  Fig.  7. 

This  species  differs  from  the  preceding  in  no  conspicuous  feature  and 
agrees  with  it  in  size.  '^I'he  front  margin  of  the  thorax  appears,  however, 
to  be  a  little  and  roundly  emarginate  and  the  sides  slightly  leas  prominent. 
Tlie  hemelytra  are  pallid  with  a  pale  testaceous  thickening  of  the  costal  mar- 
gin of  the  corium  and  a  faint  line  of  punctuation  along  the  principal  veins. 

Length,  3.25"'°;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.2""". 

Florissant.    Three  specimeaa,  Nos.  48vS7,  G14Ua,  7473. 


?t" 


HKMIi'TEUA— HKTEU()I»TBHA— LYG.EID.E. 


387 


u 


3.  CATOPAMERA  gen.  nov.  (xaTco,  Pamera,  nona.  gen.). 

Head  aubtrlangular,  roundly  angulated  in  front,  slightly  broader  than 
long,  with  the  eyes  as  broad  as  the  apex  of  the  thorax ;  eyes  situated  at  the 
base,  small,  globular  ;  antennae  slender,  no  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax 
together ;  be^-ond  the  basal  joint  (which  just  surpasses  the  head)  of  almost 
exactly  uniform  width,  the  joints  of  very  nearly  equal  length,  each  from 
four-fifths  to  five-sixths  the  length  of  the  preceding.  Tiiorax  about  jialf  as 
broad  again  as  long,  considerably  longer  than  the  head,  ta])ering  from  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  anterior  lobe  forward,  the  sides  ampliated,  base  trun- 
cate, apex  more  or  less  but  broadly  tMuarginate.  I^egs  moderately  stout, 
the  middle  femora  not  more  than  two-thirds  the  width  of  the  body  at  their 
insertion.  Abdomen  very  full,  well  rounded. 
^      Two  species  occur  in  the  Florissant  shales. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Catopameru. 

Oorium  of  hemolytra  I'oaoliing  tUe  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen 1.  C.  augheyi. 

Coriam  of  hemelytra  reaching  scarcely  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 8.  C.  bradleyi. 

1.  Catopamera  augheyi. 

PI.  27,  Fig.  7. 

Whole  body  of  a  nearly  uniform  dark  color;  the  antenna?  a  little 
paler.  Head  smooth  or  finely  corrugated  transversely.  Thorax  faintly 
punctate.  Hemelytra  just  surpassing  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  the 
corium  reaching  the  middle  of  its  apical  half,  fusco-fuliginous,  sparsely  but 
distinctly  punctate,  the  puncta?  showing  a  tendency  to  a  linear  arrange- 
ment along  the  veins  ;  membrane  clear.  Abdomen  with  the  sides  slightly 
paler  than  the  middle. 

Length  of  body,  5""";  antennae,  2.15™'";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.55"™ ; 
abdomen,  2.05""". 

Named  in  honor  of  Samuel  Aughey,  geologist  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  17 IG,  2042,  9590,  12033. 

2.  Catopameea  bradleyi. 

PI.  2(5,  Fig.  1«. 

Whole  body  blackish  brown,  excepting  the  hemelytra.  Antennae 
rather  stouter  tlian  in  the  preceding  species  and  as  dark  as  the  body.  Head 
uuiform,  smooth.     Thorax  very  liudy,  faintly,  and  distantly  punctate ;  the 


388 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTIf  AMBRIOA. 


\l 


scutellum  more  coarsely.  Hemelytra  reaching  just  about  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  the.  corium  not  beyond  its  middle,  testaceous,  rather  finely  and 
very  distantly  and  evenly  punctate,  the  punctre  showing  no  disposition  to 
longitudinal  arrangement ;  membrane  faintly  infumated.  Sides  of  abdo- 
men as  dark  as  the  disk. 

Length  of  body,  not  including  the  terminal  extension  of  the  abdomen, 
4.65'°™;  antenna},  1.65""°;  breadth  of  body,  1.25""';  abdomen,  1.75'""'. 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  Frank  H.  Bradley,  geologist  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14236. 

4.  PHRUDOPAMERA  gen.  nov.  (cppovSo?,  Pamera,  nom.  gen.). 

Head  rounded,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  rather  broader  than 
the  apex  of  the  thorax,  more  or  less  produced  in  front  of  the  antenufe;  eyes, 
situated  at  the  outermost  limits  of  the  head,  a  little  in  advance  of  the  base, 
of  moderate  size,  subglobular ;  antennse  as  long  as  the  head,  thorax,  and 
scutellum  together,  the  basal  joint  barely  or  not  surpassing  the  front  of  tlie 
head,  the  three  succeeding  joints  subequal,  the  last  incrassated  so  as  to  be 
half  as  broad  again  as  the  middle  of  the  second  joint.  Thorax  scarcely 
longer  than  the  head,  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  tapering  forward  from 
the  posterior  limit  of  the  anterior  lobe,  the  sides  ampliated ;  posterior  mar- 
gin truncate  or  slightly  convex,  the  anterior  margin  similarly  concave. 
Legs  moderately  stout,  the  middle  femora  not  more  than  two-thirds  the 
width  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Abdomen  moderately  full,  well 
rounded. 

Two  species  occur  in  the  shales  of  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  epecieg  of  Phruilopamera. 

Front  of  head  distinctly  angnlate 1.  j.  foilsoni. 

Front  of  head  broadly  rounded  or  snbtrnncato 2.  P.  ohittendetii. 

1.  Phrudopamera  WILSONI. 

PI.  27,  Figs.  9,  16. 

Head  smooth,  the  front  rectangulate  in  advance  of  the  antennae; 
antennae  of  uniform  color.  Thorax  finely  and  evenly  granulate  ;  hemelytra 
rather  heavily  punctured  in  definite  longitudinal  lines  following  the  course 
of  the  veins ;  these  infuscated  but  the  rest  of  the  hemelytra  scarcely  infus-^ 
rated ;  membrane  dear.     Abdomen  oval,  somewhat  elongated. 


«t 


nEMIPTERA-HlCTEHOl'TERA-LYG.EID.E. 


389 


%» 


Length  of  body,  5.45""";  antennae,  2.5°"";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.45""-; 
abdomen,  2°"°. 

This  species  is  named  for  Mr.  A.  D.  Wilson,  the  accomplished  topog- 
rapher of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florfssant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6931,  13315. 

2.  Phrudopamera  chittendeni. 
PI.  26,  Figs.  7,  9. 

Head  smooth  or  very  finely  and  transversely  corrugate,  the  front  pro- 
jecfing  forward  between  the  antennae,  but  subtruncate  or  broadly  rounded ; 
antenr  with  the  basal  and  apical  joints  darker  than  the  rest.  Thorax  rather 
fointly  and  somewhat  distinctly  punctate,  as  well  as  transversely  corrugated, 
especially  in  the  middle.  Henielytra  rather  coarsely' punctate  in  longitud- 
inal lines,  following  tiie  course  of  the  veins,  more  or  less  infuscated ;  the 
membrane  slightly  infumated.     Abdomen  broad  and  very  well  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  5.25-";  antennae,  2.5°-;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.65"""; 
abdomen,  2.25""°'. 

The  name  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  G.  B.  Chittenden,  topographer  of 
the  Hayden  Survey,  engaged  during  its  exploration  of  Colorado. 
Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  7037,  11229,  11232. 

5.  CHOLULA  Distant 

A  single  species,  represented  by  a  single,  imperfect,  headless  specimen 
from  Green  River,  Wyoming,  is  referred  here  from  its  near  resemblance  to 
one  of  the  species  described  by  Distant.  It  differs,  however,  in  several 
points :  the  basal  margin  of  the  thorax  is  hardly  concave  at  the  base  of 
the  scutellum,  but  straight,  while  elsewhere  it  is  convex;  there  is  but  the 
faintest  sign  of  any  carination  of  the  scutellum,  and  I  can  not  see  that 
either  corium  or  clavus  is  punctured. 

Cholula  triguttata. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  21. 

Body  slender  with  parallel  sides,  fully  three  times  longer  than  broad. 
[Head  wanting  ]  Thorax  rounded  subquadrate,  broader  than  long,  the  ante- 
rior a  little  shorter  than  the  posterior  lobe,  and  distinctly  separated  from  it 


:{9() 


TI'MtTIAItY  INHBCrra  OK  NORTH   AMKRKIA. 


I 


by  a  transverse  constriction,  noticeable  particnlarly  bj'  the  deep  lateral 
notch ;  anterior  lobe  rapidly  narrowing  with  strongly  oblique  convex  sides, 
two  and  a  half  times  broader  than  long,  the  surface  apparentlj-  smooth, 
light  colored,  with  broad,  marginal,  dark  bands,  a  faint  dusky  median  stripe 
fading  posteriorly,  and  three  dark  round  spots,  one  in  the  middle  of  each  lat- 
eral half  posteriorly  and  ono  in  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin,  overlaj)- 
ping  the  posterior  lobe ;  this  last  is  broader  than  the  anterior,  with  strongly 
convex  sides,  and  is  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  its  posterior  lateral  angles 
not  rounded ;  the  posterior  margin  is  transverse  outwardly  and  next  the 
base  of  the  scutellum,  a  little  oblique  between ;  the  surface  is  dark  poste- 
riorly, lighter  anteriorly,  the  whole  rather  coarsely  and  faintly  punctate. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  clear  and  smooth,  with  distinct  aiul  straight  subcostal 
vem  and  fuliginous  outer  angle  (the  other  dark  spots  on  the  surface  of  the 
corium  in  the  plate  belong  to  the  middle  and  hind  femora);  membrane 
clear. 

Length  (without  head),  4.5"""  ;  probable  complete  length,  5"'"';  l)readth 
of  thorax,  1.7""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  113  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

il  LITHOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (\i9o?,  la'pt?). 

Head  large,  subrotund,  slightly  broader  than  long,  with  moderately 
large  eyes,  which  are  situated  just  behind  the  middle  of  the  head,  at  its 
greatest  lateral  expansion  as  broad  as  the  middle  of  the  thorax;  front 
rounded,  angulate  in  advance  of  the  base  of  the  antennae ;  antenna^  more 
than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  pretty  stout,  surpassing  a  little 
the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  subequal,  the  se  cond  the  shortest, 
all  very  slender,  but  the  last  slightly  incrassated  to  about  the  Avidth  of  the 
basal  joint.  Thorax  slightly  longer  than  broad,  divided  into  anterior  and 
posterior  lobes  of  equal  length,  both  tapering  from  base  to  apex,  the  ante- 
rior more  rapidly  than  the  posterior  and  with  perfectly  straight  oblique 
sides ;  the  base  fully  twice  as  broad  as  the  apex.  Legs  moderately  slen- 
der, the  middle  femora,  fully  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  body  at  their 
insertion.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  abdomen,  which  is  full,  laterally  ampliated,  half  as  broad  again  as  the 
base  of  the  thorax. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


HEMIPTERA-UETEKOPTEBA— L\'GJ«:iD.1i. 


391 


LiTHOCORIS   EVlTLSlTg. 

The  single  specimen  known  is  rather  faintly  preserved  upon  the  stone, 
but  otherwise  is  in  excellent  condition.  The  head  and  thorax  are  dusky, 
the  abdomen  paler ;  the  antennte  and  legs  are  also  pale  obscure.  Head 
rather  densely  and  not  very  finely  punctate.  Thorax  more  coarsely  and 
more  distantly  punctate,  as  is  also  the  scutellum.  Hemelytra  with  similar 
coarse  punctse  arranged  al    ig  the  veins ;  membrane  cloudy. 

Length  of  body,  G.S'""';  antennae,  d""";  hind  femora,  2.2""°;  tibiie, 
3.2""°;  tarsi,  LS""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.2"'";  abdomen,  2.<"'°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4890. 

7.  COPHOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (xaxpd?,  xopt?). 

Head  rounded,  a  little  broader  than  long,  a  little  broader  than  the 
apex  of  the  thorax  but  not  nearly  so  broad  as  its  middle ;  front  roundly 
produced,  almost  angulate ;  antennas  only  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the 
basal  joints  just  surpassing  the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  slen- 
der, subequal,  the  last  faintly  incrassated.  Thorax  at  least  one-fourth 
broader  than  long,  divided  into  anterior  and  posterior  lobes  of  equal  length, 
the  posterior  lobe  with  straight  and  nearl}-  parallel  sides,  the  anterior  taper- 
ing forward,  the  sides  oblique  and  straight.  Legs  apparently  much  as  in 
the  preceding  genus,  but  perhaps  slightly  shorter.  Abdomen  well  rounded, 
hardly  ampliated  laterall3^ 

A  single  species  occurs  at  Florissant. 


COPHOCOKIS   TENEBRIC08U8. 

Whole  body  almost  uniformly  dark,  the  abdomen,  antennae,  and  legs 
much  lighter.  Head  minutely  punctate.  Thorax  distantly  and  rather 
coarsely  punctate ;  scutellum  the  same.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  a 
little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  infuscated,  the  veins  finely  punc- 
tate ;  membrane  clear. 

Length  of  body,  5"";  antennae,  2.4°"°;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.6°"°; 
abdomen,  2"°". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  9742. 


i 


3U2 


TKRTIAKY   I.WSKC'I'S  OK  NOUTH  AMKItlUA. 


Ills 


8.   KUOORrrES  gen.  nov.  (ev,  nop,?). 

Head  well  rounded,  with  a  slipfhtly  triangular  form,  the  apex  for- 
ward, of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  slightly  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax;  the  front  gently  and  roundly  ))rodiiced  in  front  of  the  antenna-; 
eyes  situated  in  advance  of  the  middle,  transverse,  reniform  ;  antenna- 
slightly  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  together,  the  basal  joint  moder- 
ately stout,  just  surpassing  the  front  of  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  sub- 
equal,  the  second  slightly  longer  than  the  others,  slender  and  eqiuil,  the 
third  slightly  shorter  than  the  terminal,  scarcely  and  gently  enlarging  in 
the  apical  half,  the  fourth  incrassated  so  as  to  be  almost  throughout  half  as 
broad  again  as  the  middle  of  the  second  joint.  Anterior  lobe  of  the  thorax 
trapezoidal,  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  tapering  regularly  from  base 
to  apex,  with  oblique  sides,  both  base  and  apex  truncate :  posterior  lobe  of 
luuisual  form,  l)eing  twice  as  l»road  in  the  middle  as  at  tlie  sides,  the  pos- 
terior margin  being  sti'ongly,  broadly  angulate,  with  rounded  apex,  simu- 
lating a  broad  and  short  scutelhun.  Middle  femora  much  shorter  than  the 
breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching 
the  middle  of  the  aj)ical  half  of  the  abdomen.  Abdomen  moderately  long 
ovate. 

One  species  only  is  known. 

EUCORITES    .SERESCENS. 

Whole  body  black,  the  antenna^  with  the  basal  joint  black,  the  apical 
joint  and  apical  third  of  the  penultimate*  joint  blackish  fuscous,  the  remain- 
der testaceous.  Head  and  thorax  uniformly,  coarsely,  and  rather  distantly 
punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  coarsely  punctate,  mostly  in  longitudinal 
lines  following  the  course  of  the  veins,  the  punctsTj  infuscated  and  the 
whole  corium  more  or  less  infuscated,  but  generally  of  a  light  color  ;  mem- 
brane faintly  infumated,  reaching  just  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  5"'™ ;  antennjv,  2.0.'"'" ;  breadth  of  thorax  at  the  base, 
2.25""";  abdomen,  2.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  S60. 

9.  PROCORIS  gen.  nov.  (Tvpc,  K<!pt?). 

Head  rounded,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  with  the  eyes  a  little  but 
distinc'ily  broader  than  the  apex  of  the  thoi-ax,  the  front  ronnded,  angulate 


IIKMII'TKKA— HIOTKKOI'TKUA— l<V(i.Kll).i;. 


393 


I 


in  advam  I)  of  the  antenna' ;  eyes  moderately  largV,  Hituated  juat  in  advance 
of  the  base ;  antenna^  as  long  as  the  head  antl  thorax  together,  tlio  basal 
joint  clearly  surpassing  the  front,  the  snbstMiucnt  joints  snhequal,  the 
second  not  longer  than  the  others,  slender,  the  fourth  incrassate  through- 
out, but  largest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  twice  as  broad  as  the  middle  of 
the  second  joint.  Thorax  longer  than  broad,  the  posterior  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  anterior  lobe,  of  equal  length  througlunit,  with  straight 
and  parallel  sides,  the  anterior  lobe  tapering  from  base  to  apex  with  oblique 
straight  sides:  posterior  margin  of  the  thorax  truncate,  anterior  scarcely 
emarginate.  Legs  moderately  stout,  middle  femora  not  more  than  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Coriuin  of 
hemelytra  reaching  nearly  or  ([uite  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  tin- 
abdomen.     Abdonien  broafl  ovate. 

Two  species  are  known,  both  of  which  occur  only  at  Florissant. 

7Vj6/<i  0/  the  iipecien  of  I'rocoria. 

Third  joint  of  antouuii'  of  nearly  I'ljiiul  width  thronghoiit :  fnmora  relatively  Blender. 

1.   P.  sancUvjohannii. 
Third  joint  of  anteunie  conHiderabiy  enlarged  upionlly;  foinnra  relatively  Ntont 2.  I',  herhleri. 

1.    PUOCORIS   SANCT/EJOHANNIS. 

Whole  body  uniform  black  or  blackish  fuscous ;  antenna'  of  the 
same  color  as  the  head  or  perhaps  not  so  dark,  but  in  any  case  much  infus- 
cated,  the  third  joint  of  nearly  equal  width  throughout,  scarcely  eidarged  at 
the  apex.  Head  smooth  or  perhaps  ftiintly  and  very  finely  punctate. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  coarsely  and  rather  distantly  punctate,  the  puncta- 
on  the  hemelytra  arranged  linearly  along  the  course  of  the  veins.  Femora 
only  moderately  stout,  fully  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  Abdomen  rather 
full,  with  ampliated  sides. 

Length,  6.1°""  ;  antenme,  2.25""' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.85""";  abdomen, 
2..5""". 

The  name  of  the  species  is  given  in  honor  of  Mr.  Orestes  Ht.  John, 
geologist  of  the  Hayden  Survey,  a  pioneer  of  nnuih  work  in  the  West. 

Florissant,     Four  specimens,  Nos.  355^,  4808,  7688,  105<>0. 

2.  Procoris  bechleri. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  4. 

Head  faintly  and  rather  coarsely  punctate,  and,  like  the  whole  body, 
black  or  blackish  brown,  the  antennae  a  little  lighter  colored,  the  third  joint 


304 


TKKTIAUY   INHKOTS  itl'  NOKTM    AMKKICA. 


(^iiliufriiij,''  n!t,nilurly  from  Ihihh  to  upox,  wlun-ti  it  is  noiirly  twif«f  m  liir{r«  m 
at  the  liiisi'.  'riinrnx  v(try  coursoly  lun!  not  vory  difttmitly  puiictiito,  m  in 
hIho  tlio  H(!iitolluin.  Hoiiuilytrii  ftiHco-tulifriiioiiH,  coiirHoly  punctate  in  Horial 
rows  aloiifr  the  course  of  tlio  veins.  The  femora  rather  stout,  the  micUlIe 
pair  boinj>f  but  little  more  than  twice  as  lonjif  as  broad.  Abdomen  with  the 
sides  scarcely  ampliated,  and  a  premarf^inal  jyallid  line. 

Length,  ().lf>""";  antenna%  2.25""»;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.S5"'"' :  middle 
of  abdomen,  2. 15""". 

Named  i'ov  .Mr.  (t.  II.  Hechler,  topographer  of  the  Hayden  Survey 
during  its  work  in  (Jolorado  and  elsewhere. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1H504. 

10.  CTKItEACJORIS  gen.  nov.  {xripfa,  hi' pi?). 

Head  broader  tlian  long,  rounded  su  )triangular,  with  the  moderately 
large  eyes  broader  than  the  apex  of  the  prothorax ;  the  front  prominent  and 
rounded ;  antennae  considerably  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax  together, 
the  basal  joint  .stout,  surpassing  the  front  of  tlui  head,  the  second  and  third 
joints  about  e([ual  in  length,  Hlcndor,  less  than  hrlf  t'lt;  width  of  the  l)asal 
joint,  the  apical  joint  slightly  the  longest,  incrassate  to  the  stoutness  of  the 
ba.sal  joint.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as  Itroad  as  the  head,  the  posterior 
decidedly  shorter  than  the  anterior  lobe,  with  straight  and  parallel  sides 
and  truncate  anterior  and  |)08terior  margins ;  the  anterior  lobe  tapering 
rapidly  with  straight  oblique  sides,  the  anterior  margin  gently  emarginate, 
the  whole  nearly  three  times  as  broad  as  long.  Middle  femora  very  much 
shorter  than  the  breadth  of  the  body  at  their  insertion.  Corium  of  heme- 
lytra  ]<arely  surpassing  the  middle  of  the  abdomen.  Abdomen  broad  and 
rc.ur 

k  single  species  is  known. 

Ctereacokis  primigenus. 

Head,  thorax,  scutellum,  and  corium  of  hemelyti-a  black,  antennte 
blackish  fuscous,  abdomen  dark  fusco-fuliginous.  Head  smooth,  the 
antennre,  especially  the  apical  joint,  a  little  roughened.  Thorax  and  scu- 
tellum coarsely  punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  the  same,  the  punctie  fol- 
lowing mostly  the  course  of  the  veins ;  membrane  clear.  Abdomen 
obscurely    nd  coarsely  ])unctate. 


IIKMII'TKIIA— HKTKUOI'TKUA— l-YCKIM,*:. 


:i»5 


TiOn},'tli,  5""";  iiiitoiiiia',  I.Tr.""";  lymuUI:  of  IihiuI,  .Brr"" ;  buHe  of  Hio- 
rivx,  2.15""";  (ibdoiiu'ii,  2.7f»""". 

KloriHHiint.      One  «|Miciin()ii,  No.  2022. 

II.  TKAI'EZON(yriIH  Fiober. 

« 

'I'his  genuH,  abundantly  repreHOtitod  in  Kuropo,  mthor  feebly  in  Anier- 
i<^a.  where  it  \h  found  in  the  United  States,  and  at  liif?h  elevations  in  Cen- 
tral America,  seemw  to  have  lived  at  FloriHH.iut,  a  i-ouple  of  specieH,  one  of 
them  tolerably  common  being  found  there ;  yet  they  certainly  differ  from 
modern  types  in  the  brevity  of  the  antenme  and  bhmtneHs  <tf  tlie  head, 
and  are  considerably  slenderer  than  any  American  species  known  to  me. 
They  may  be  [)laced  here  at  least  iwovision.illy. 

Tiihle  of  (he  Hi)etie>.  <>/  TruiieionoUm. 

.Smaller  npochg.  hardly  excnodiiiK  three  millinietorB  in  length  |  thorax  with  uo  ineillan  siiluatlou ;  co»tal 
margin  ofoorinmdark '•  -'•  exUiiHinaUtii. 

Larger  »)>ocie»,  coiiHideralily  excemling  I'mir  millimoters  iu  length ;  thorax  with  median  milcation  i 
coHtal  margin  of  corimn  light «•  T.  Hjiginlit. 


1.    TrAPKZONOTUS    KXTKKMINATirH. 
PI.  22,  Fig. !»;  PI.  33,  Figs.  1 1,  22,  25. 

Head  triangular,  rounded,  slightly  broader  than  long,  the  angulate 
front  rounded;  antennm  slender,  subequal,  a  little  longer  than  head  and 
thorax  together,  the  first  joint  barely  surpassing  the  front  of  the  head,  the 
second  joint  longest,  the  succeeding  joints  successively  shorter.  Thorax 
with  convex  sides,  the  anterior  al)out  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  poste- 
rior border,  the  former  slightly  concave,  the  latter  as  slightly  convex,  the 
surface  faintly  punctate,  though  this  does  not  r.ppear  on  all  individuals 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  strongly 
infuscated  with  pallid  markings,  consisting  of  a  broad,  pale  subcostal  stripe 
which  does  not  reach  the  membranal  suture,  and  a  median  triangular  patch 
seated  on  the  same  suture,  besides  which  a  pale,  slender  stripe  follows  the 
sutura  clavi.     Abdomen  full  and  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  S.!™"  ;  breadth,  1.2""" ;  length  of  antennje,  1.4'-". 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  5801,  6366,  6550,  7609,  9674, 
11757,  12060,  12459. 


mmmm^ 


396 


TKHTIAHY   INSKCTS  OK  NOIM'll   AMKIflUA. 


*2.  Tkaim'.zonotus  stvoiai-is, 
PI.  :>7,  yif..  II. 

Tloiul  roundly  triiiufriiliu-,  its  sides  continuing  tlio  courso  of  the  oblique 
sides  of  tlio  tiionix,  u  littlo  l.roader  tiuin  long,  tlio  front  well  rounded: 
Hutonno  slender  and  equal, .hardly so  lon<'as  the  head  and  thorax  together, 
tho  rirst  joint  not  surpassing  tiie  head.  Thorax  transverse,  more  than  half 
as  broad  again  as  long,  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the  posterior  half,  fho 
sides  strfingly  roundud,  tapering  lorw^vrd  so  that  the  anterior  margin  is  oidy 
two-thirds  as  long  a-i  tho  whoh^  width  of  the  thorax,  the  rront  margin 
slightly  and  roundly  emarginato,  tho  hind  bonier  gently  convex.  Ileme- 
lylra  just  renclung  the  end  of  the  abclonuMi,  tlui  corium  extending  hardly 
past  the  middle  of  the  same,  this  latter  rather  pale  testaceous,  with  tin* 
whole  costal  r(>gion  pallid,  besicbs  longitudinal  pallid  streaks  toward  th(> 
sutura  cla\  i  :   membrane  clea;-.     .Vbdomen  full  and  rounded. 

Lengtli  of  l)o<ly,  ».;{""";   breadth,  l.S""";  length  i»f  auteniue,  1.5™'". 

Flori.ssani.     ()m»>  specimen,  No.  9302. 


^ 


¥  ? 


m 


ill 

■  h 


l->.   MXN.KA  gen.  nov.  (Linm<). 

A  genus  of  K'iiypiirochroiniiriu  closely  allieil  to  Uouatas  Distant,  but 
from  which  it  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  smaller  head  and  shorter 
antenna',  the  ftr.st  joint  of  which  barely  surpas.sos  the  head.  The  head  is 
not  mon>,  often  less,  thr.n  hiilf  ;i,s  broad  as  the  thorax,  nearly  as  long  as 
broad,  and  scarcely  cngulated  in  front;  the  antennjy  are  oidy  as  long  as 
the  head  and  thorax  togetlior,  the  second  joint  the  laugest,  scarcely  increas- 
ing in  si/,(  apically,  the  third  and  fourth  successively  thoujrh  but  sli-Hitlv 
siiorter,  tho  third  shaped  like  the  second,  the  fourth  not  inerassatetl,  all 
smooth.  Thorax  very  broad,  bro  idest  posteriorly,  the  sides  fidl.  Heme- 
lytra  Just  surpassing  the  abdo;neii,  the  corium  occupying  about  three-fifths 
of  the  whole.     Legs,  and  especially  the  fore  feme, a,  stout. 

Probably  the  use  of  Liuna^a  in  botany  has  prevented  its  use  in 
zoology,  but  the  time  is  long  past  who!«  such  restrictions  have  any  value. 
There  is  no  conceivable  way  in  which  the  use  of  the  same  term  for  a  livin<r 
.Vlpine  riower  and  a  i'ertiary  bug  can  cause  confusion  or  be  inconvenient. 

Several  species  occur  in  the  North  American  Tertiaries,  but  only  at 
Florissant:    wliib   but    for  th(>ir  much  longer  antenna?  and  slighter  foi-e 


^ 


HHMIPTKUA— IIKTKKUI'TKHA  — LYO.Kin.K.  397 

fciuoiji  r  should  bo  inclined  to  pliico  liore  two  of  tlio  fossil  species  found  iit 
Aix  in  IVoveueo  (Olig-ocene)  and  liorotofoiv  referred  to  Pachymerus,  \  iz, 
1*.  fasciatus  Heerand  P.  puleliellus  Heer,  which  much  reaend)lrt  our  first  two 
species. 

l\Mf  of  (Ai'  «^)(d>»  of  l,in«  ki, 

iMeiiilir»iio  of  fho  lioipolytra  Uisiinotly  miirkoil  vvilh  l)roi«l,  iirniuto,  InngttiKliiml  Htripow. 

Til. mix  wry  rn|ii(lly  iiivrrnwiiin  in  (lio  milciinr  toiirth '     I.,  hnlminii. 

Thcirax  iiarrowiiig  only  a  litrUi  In  the  nntcriur  (oiirth 'i.  /,.  puliinmi. 

Moiiibriuio  »r  tlio  hoiiu'lytrit  cloar. 
Coriiim  ino!<tly  oUscnro. 

Anterior  outer  ungles  of  tbe  (borax  so  rounded  that  llie  curve  of  the  anterior  half  of  the  thorn » 

Ie  nlnioHt  uniform ;).  i,  aholila. 

Anterior  outer  angles  dint^not  thoUKli  rounded .1.   f„  I'tirrmiln. 

(Murium  mostly  clenr. 

Costal  margin  dinti notly  thouKli  rather  narrowly  teNtacemiH ;  n   t  of  ooriuui  clear . . ft.  /,.  irolnla. 

In  addition  to  the  thickening  of  the  I'ostal  nutrgiu,  teNtuceouH  i  "otei  .  s  fringe  the  menihnumi 

suture  and  mark  the  outer  tip  of  tlu)  corinm «.  t.  gravida. 

1.  lilNN.KA    UOUMESII. 

ri.  2;{,  FiK.  10. 

Head  alifrhtly  broader  than  lon}>\  wtdl  ronndetl,  tho  front  entirel}-  without 
angulation.  Thora:;  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  the  sides  strongly  arcuate, 
the  anterior  iniu'gin  only  about  half  as  long  as  tlie  posterittr  (in  which  point 
it  is  wrongly  represented  on  the  pla,to\  which  is  slightly  eninrginate  iif  the 
bnvse  of  the  scutelhnn,  the  surface  snioolh.  Ifeniclytra  with  the  corinm 
very  dark  testatuious,  deepening  ai)ici«lly,  with  a  pallid  sutura  davi,  ami  a 
subcostal  streak,  besides  a  small  triangidar  spot  on  the  membranal  suture 
just  without  the  sutura  davi ;  membrane  with  four  pale  testaceous.  (>quidis- 
tant,  slightly  arcuate,  longitudinal  streaks,  the  outer  occupying,  respectively, 
the  costal  an;l  inner  margins,  originating  at  a  little  space  l)eyoml  the  men»- 
branal  suture  and  running  to  the  outer  margin,  the  intei-apacea  perfectly 
clear. 

Length  of  body,  .{..{r)""" ;   breadth,  l.liV"'":  length  of  antenna',  1.4""". 

Named  for  Mr.  \V.  If.  Holmes,  geologist,  archeologist,  and  artist  of  the 
Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.     One  specinion.  No.  2320. 

2.  LlNN.«A    I'lTTNAMl. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  4. 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  precediiig  in  general  Jippearante, 
but  diflfers  from  it  in  important  details  in  those  parts  which  can  bo  com- 


398 


TEKTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMEBICA. 


pared.  Uiifortmiately  the  head  is  not  well  preserved  and  the  thonix  is 
defective,  but  the  latter  can  be  seen  to  be  nearly  <t8  broad  in  front  as 
behind,  with  decided  '.hough  rounded  angles  in  front  and  with  a  faintly 
punctate  surfiice.  It  is  of  a  very  dark  color  ;  the  corium,  which  is  scarcely 
less  dark  than  the  body,  shows  only  a  slender  pallid  line  at  the  sutura  clavi 
and  along  the  principal  vein,  which  passes  down  the  middle  and  forks  in 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  corium,  much  fainter  after  forking.  The 
membrane  is  marked  as  in  L.  holmesii,  but  the  stripe  on  the  inner  margin 
is  very  faint. 

Length  of  body,  3.35""';  breadth,  1.25"". 

Named  for  my  fellow  student  in  science,  Prof.  F.  W.  Putnam,  of 
Cambridge. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5>^73. 

3.   Linn.^:a  aholita. 

Head  exceptionally  small  and  rounded,  not  more  than  a  third  as  broad 
as  the  thorax,  the  front  in  no  v/ay  angulate.  Thorax  with  the  posterior 
lobe  distinctly  separated  from  the  anterior  and  rather  less  than  half  as  long 
as  it;  anterior  lobe  very  rapidly  narrowing  with  oblique  but  slightly  arcu- 
ate sides,  so  that  the  front  margin  is  scarcely  more  than  a  third  as  wide  as 
the  thorax,  and  the  front  half  of  the  thorax  has  one  nearly  uniform  curve ; 
the  posterior  lobe  again  narrows  or  is  slightly  constricted ;  surface  smooth 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  uniformly  dark  fuliginous,  membrane  clear. 
Abdomen  very  full  and  rounded. 

Length,  3.75""" ;  breadth,  1.4""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  1918. 


■h] 


4.  Linn^:a  oaucerata. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  2. 

Head  small,  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  almost  as  long  as 
broad,  the  front  well  rounded ;  antennu'  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax. 
Thorax  very  l)roHd,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  very  strongly  rounded 
and  full,  the  anterior  hardly  shorter  than  the  posterior  margin,  with  no  dis- 
tinct separation  into  anterior  and  posterior  lobes,  the  surface  smooth,  with  a 
slight  median  suKation.  Hemelytra  pale  testaceous,  with  large  and  irreg- 
ular pallid  blotcLos  covorlug  utmrly  half  the  corium  but  not  invading  the 


Jd 


ml 


HEMIPTEEA— HETEKOPTEEA— L  YG^  ID.E. 


399 


»*» 


apex;  membrane  clear.     Abdomen  narrower  than  the  thorax,  with  parallel 
sides  and  broadly  rounded  apex,  and  half  as  long  again  as  broad. 

Length  of  body,  3.5b""";  breadth  of  thorax,  l.SS""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  5793,  9692,  12096,  12464. 

5.  LiNNiEA   EVOLUTA. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  21. 

Head  much  broader  than  long,  the  front  broadly  angled ;  basal  joint  of 
anten.iae  not  surpassing  the  head,  the  last  joint  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
second  ;  rostrum  reaching  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  fore  coxae.  Thorax 
transversely  striate,  the  posterior  half  with  parallel  sides,  continuous  with 
the  equally  broad  abdomen,  the  anterior  half  rapidly  narrowing  with 
oblique  arcuate  sides,  so  that  the  anterior  border  is  about  two-thirds  as  long 
as  the  posterior  and  as  long  as  the  length  of  the  thorax.  Hemelytra  with 
the  corium  clear,  except  for  a  faint  cloudiness  which  is  a  Httle  intensified  in 
a  costal  margin,  the  veins  marked  with  serial  punctures;  membrane  clear. 
Abdomen  parallel  sided,  broadly  rounded  apically,  about  half  as  long  again 
as  broad. 

Length,  3M""" ;  breadth,  1.4""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6840,  7233. 

6.  LlNN^A   GRAVIDA. 

PI.  23,  Fig.  19. 

Head  small,  apparently  rather  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
shorter  than  broad,  the  front  broadly  angled  ;  antennae  Avith  the  basal  joint 
,  ist  attaining  the  front  of  the  head,  the  whole  scarcely  longer  than  head 
and  thorax.  The  latter  smooth  or  scarcely  punctate,  half  as  broad  again 
as  long,  the  sides  well  rounded,  tapering  forward  a  little,  the  outer  anterior 
angles  well  rounded  off,  the  anterior  margin  about  tMj-thirds  the  length,  of 
the  posterior.  Hemelytra  with  a  pale  testaceous  costal  stripe  on  the  corium 
with  the  membranal  edge  marked  irregularly  with  the  same,  as  well  as  with 
a  stripe  following  the  outer  side  of  the  sutura  clavi  and  anrtther  down  the 
middle  of  the  corium  ;  membrane  clear  Abdomen  full,  about  hnlf  as  long 
again  as  broad.     This  species  is  slightly  larger  than  any  of  the  otherss. 

Length,  -l.b"""  ;  breadth,  1.75""'. 

Floriasant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2966,  4994,  K'ilO,  10882. 


400 


THRTIAUV  IN!SE{"rS  OF  NOliTII  AMKKIOA. 


11 

1     I  ! 


Ill  a « 


h 


13.  RHYPAROCHROxMUS  Curtis. 

A  single  fossil  was  formerly  referred  to  this  genus  by  me,  which  seems 
rather  to  belong  to  the  Acanthiidfp.  But  another  from  Florissant  may  more 
rightly  claim  a  place  here,  and  is  the  only  fossil  species  known.  The  genus 
is  now  feebly  represented  in  Nortii  America,  a  single  species  occurring  in 
the  United  States  and  another  in  Guatemala,  while  a  number  are  recorded 
from  Europe. 

Rhyparochromuis  verrtllii. 
PI.  23,  Figs.  15,  3(». 

Head  .larrower  than  the  thorax,  barely  broader  than  long,  rounded 
subtriangular ;  antennte  just  about  a.«  long  as  head  and  thorax  together. 
Tliorax  subquadrate,  narrowing  gently,  the  truncate  anterior  margin  five- 
sixths  the  length  orthe  posterior,  the  whole  iis  long  as  its  anterior  breadth, 
the  anterior  lobe  three  times  as  long  as  the  posterior,  the  sides  full  and 
rounded,  very  fee*bly  separated  from  the  posterior  iobe,  the  surface  fainth- 
punctate.  Henielytra  with  the  corinm  reaching  the  middle  of  the  hinder 
half  of  the  abdomen,  heavily  infuscated,  but  the  sutura  clavi  always  marked 
by  a  pallid  line,  and  sometimes  the  corium  marked  with  pallid  after  the 
style  of  Trapezonotns  exterminatus  of  the  same  beds. 

Length,  3.5"""  ;  breadth,  1.25""". 

Named  for  the  distinguished  Yale  zoologist,  PrM'.  A  E.  Verrill. 

Florissant.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  1511,  2027,  2050,  3160,  5270, 
IISM4,  11210. 

14.  PACHYMERUS  St.  Fargeau  and  Serville. 

This  group,  as  restricted  by  Stal,  is  composed  wholly  of  Old  World 
forms,  and  is  closely  related  to  Rhyparochromus.  To  it  have  been  i-eferred 
a  considerable  number  of  fossil  Heteroptera,  fifteen  species  in  alV  but  oidy 
two  or  three  of  them  at  the  most  can  by  any  possibility  be  regarded  as 
belonging  to  the  genus  in  its  now  restricted  form ;  these  would  be,  besides 
the  one  given  below,  a  single  species  each  at  Aix  and  Oeningen  and  in 
amber. 


I  In  ray  Systematic  review  of  fossil  Insects  (BtiH.  IT.  S.  Gool.  Surv.,  No.  31,  p.  63),  I  havesaiil  sov- 
niiteen,  h.iviii«  wroiigly  j[ivt>n  crwiit  (o  Raloboj  ml  tiinbnr  for  one  moro  Hpoci..s  piioIi  (hnn  tlicy  liuve, 


HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— LYG^ID^. 


401 


«  9 


4- 


Pachymerus  petrensis, 

ri.  a,  Figs.  70,  71. 
Pachymerus  petrenm  Soudd..  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  761  (IWT). 

A  single  specime  ,  of  which  most  of  the  right  half  is  destroyed,  repre- 
sents tliis  species,  wliich  is  placed  here  provisionally,  principally  because  it 
appears  to  be  closely  related  to  fossil  species  put  in  this  group  by  Heer. 
It  seems  to  be  a  larva,  and  to  belong  to  the  Myodochina  in  the  vicinity  of 
Eremocoris.  The  outline  of  the  head  is  vague  and  broken,  but  the  front  is 
apparently  bent  at  a  right  angle.  The  antennae  are  about  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  four-jcintt^  basul  joint  only  about  half  as  long  again  as 

broad,  the  others  subequal,  very  slightly  smaller  at  the  base  than  at  tin 
apex,  but  otherwise  equal,  the  second  a  very  little  the  longest,  the  last 
pointed  at  the  tip.  Thorax  and  abdomen  of  about  equal  length,  the  former 
equally  broad  throughout  (or  nearly  so) ;  the  fore  and  middle  femora  short 
and  stout,  about  as  long  as  their  separation  from  each  other.  Abdomen 
expanding  suddenly  at  the  base,  so  that  the  second  segment  is  broadest  and 
apparently  half  as  broad  again  as  the  thorax,  beyond  tapering  rather  rap- 
idly to  a  rounded  tip. 

Length  of  body,  3""";  antennae,  1.5""™;  fore  femora,  0.35°"°. 
•     Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

15.  TIROMERUS  gen.  nov.  {reipco,  jur/p6?). 

Head  broadly  triangular,  as  broad  as  front  of  thorax,  the  front  angularly 
rounded,  the  eyes  basal ;  anteimae  much  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body, 
the  first  joint  distinctly  surpassing  the  head,  the  second  very  slender  and 
almost  as  long  as  the  third  and  fourth  together,  these  subequal,  the  last 
slightly  incrassated.  Thorax  transverse,  trapezoidal,  tapering  gently,  the 
sides  more  or  less  but  not  much  ampliated,  with  no  distinct  division  into 
anterior  and  posterior  lobes.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  barely  reaching 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

The  genus  appears  to  be  allied  to  Rhyparochromus,  but  the  relative 
length  of  tho  second  joint  of  the  antennae  separates  it  from  any  existing 
genus  with  which  it  appears  comparable.  Two  species  are  found  at  Flor- 
issant, which  may  perhaps  be  generically  distinct,  in  which  case  T.  torpefactus 
should  be  regarded  as  typical. 

Table  of  the  »pecie$  of  Tiromerua. 

Thorax  much  less  thaa  twice  as  broad  aa  long i.  T.  torpefaotut. 

Thorax  fully  twice  as  broad  uh  long j.  x.  tabijtiiiia. 

VOL  XIII 26 


■ 


402 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTO  AMERICA. 


1.  T1ROMERU8  TOKPEPAC1J8. 

Sides  of  body  nearly  straifj^ht  and  enlurn^ing  slightly  from  the  head  to 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  Head  about  twice  as  broad  as  long-,  the  front 
roundly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes.  Antennae  very  slender,  extending, 
if  stretched  along  the  body,  beyond  the  commissura.  Rostrum  extending 
to  the  middle  coxaj.  Thorax  flat,  gently  tapering,  with  hardly  any  fullness, 
the  length  about  two-thirds  the  breadtli,  its  breadth  at  apex  five-sixths  that 
at  base,  the  angles  scarcely  rounded,  the  front  margin  roundly,  regularly, 
and  slightly  emarginate,  the  surface  faintly  wrinkled  transversely.  Heme- 
lytra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  apparently 
almost  clear,  but  for  a  costal  thickening  of  a  testaceous  colo. 

Length,  3'""';  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  1.3""" ;  length  of  antennae,  2""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1214. 

2.    TiROMERUS   TABIFLUUS. 

Whole  body  of  a  very  regular  oval  shape,  the  largest  end  posterior. 
Head  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  the  front  angularly  produced  but 
with  the  extreme  front  wAl  rounded ;  rostrum  reai'.hing  at  least  the  fore 
coxa;,  and  apparently  the  middle  pair ;  otdy  the  basal  part  of  the  anteniut 
preserved.  Tiiorax  almo.st  flat,  distinctly  and  considerably  tapering,  but 
short,  with  full  sides,  a  little  more  than  twice  an  broad  as  long,  the  apex 
about  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  base,  the  front  margin  roundly,  regu- 
larly, and  not  slightly  emarginate,  the  surface  faintly  and  finely  punctate 
Hemel}^  tra  with  the  corium  not  extending  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 
or  hardly  reachiiig  it,  the  membranal  suture  transversely  oblique,  the  corium 
ajjixirently  cleiar. 

Length,  3.25°"";  breadth  in  middle  of  body,  1.5°"°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2475. 

16.  LITllOCHROMUS  gen.  nov.  (yOo?,  xpwua). 

Head  moderate,  rounded  subtriangular,  of  about  equa^  length  and 
breadtli,  the  front  distinctly  angulate,  the  eyes  small  and  globular,  situated 
in  the  middle,  away  from  the  base ;  antenuie  nearly  or  quite  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  the  last  joint  scarcely  or  not  incrassated ;  the  first  joint  just  or 
barely  siu'passea  the  front,  the  second  is  long  and  slender,  and  with  the  first 


HEMIPTEKA— HETEltOPTEKA— LYG.E1D^.  403 

equal  or  almost  equal  to  the  last  two  together,  these  subequal.  Thorax 
transverse,  usually  only  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  broadest  at  the  base 
or  slightly  before  the  base,  narrowing  in  front  so  that  the  head  is  never 
more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  often  with  a  slight  triangular  depres- 
sion at  apex,  with  no  distinct  posterior  lobe.  Legs,  especially  the  femora, 
moderately  stout.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  abdomen,  but  not  far. 

Four  species  have  been  distinguished  in  the  Florissant  shales. 

Table  of  the  speoiet  of  Lithoohromtu. 

Thorax  broadest  at  base ;  first  two  joints  of  antenuiu  together  as  long  as  the  last  two. 

Thorax  iinpniiotate  or  scarcely  puiictate,  longer  Chun  the  width  of  the  head  ;  corium  of  hemelytra 

pbscnre 1.  L.  gardneri. 

Thorax  panctate,  only  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  bead,  corinm  of  hemelytra  clear. 

Thorax  more  than  one-half  as  long  again  as  the  head 'i.  L.  obslrictim. 

Thorax  less  than  one-half  as  long  again  as  the  head 3.  L.  morluarius. 

Thorax  broadest  before  the  base ;  first  two  joints  of  antennse  together  slightly  shorter  than  the  last 
two 4.  L.  extraneim. 

1.   LiTHOCHROMUS   GARDNERI. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  10;  PI.  27,  Fig.  8. 

Antennae  as  long  as  the  head,  thorax,  and  half  of  the  scutellum. 
Thorax  trapezoidal,  longer  than  the  width  of  the  head,  less  than  half  as  broad 
again  as  long,  the  sides  scarcely  convex,  the  apex  nearly  five-sixths  the 
length  of  the  base,  the  outer  anterior  angles  a  little  rounded ;  the  front 
transverse  or  slightly  emarginate ;  a  slight  triangular  depression  broader 
than  long  occupies  the  whole  front  margin ;  surface  impunctate  or  scarcely 
punctate,  as  is  also  the  scutellum.  Corium  of  the  hemelytra  obscure  dark 
fuscous,  with  pallid  longitudinal  strigae  which  scarcely  affect  the  outer  apex ; 
membrane  showing  faint,  longitudinal,  pale  testaceous  strigse. 

Length,  5°"°  ;  breadth,  2°"°. 

Named  for  Mr.  James  T.  Gardner,  geogi'apher  of  the  Hayden  Survey. 

Florissant.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  1092,  2577,  3947,  4717,  9837, 
10076,  14204. 

2.    LiTHOCHROMUS   OB8TRICTU8. 

Thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  only  as  long  as  the  width  of 
the  head,  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  head ;  the  sides  pretty 
strongly  oblique  and  slightly  convex  ;  the  apex  about  three-quarters  the 
length  of  the  base ;    front  margin  regularly,  broadly,   and  considerably 


:^^:..-L 


4D4 


TEllTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTI'    \MERIOA. 


m 


ll 


emargiiiate ;  a  slight  median  siilcation,  but  scarcely  any  sign  of  r.  depres- 
sion at  the  apex.  Surface  nearly  smooth,  but  coarsely,  distantly,  and 
faintly  punctate.     Coriuni  of  hemclytra  clear. 

Length,  5  2.5""';  breadth,  2. 1""». 

Florissanu     One  specimen.  No.  6390. 

3.  LiTHOCHROMUS   MORTUARIU8. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  2. 

AntennfB  slightly  longer  than  head  and  thorax  together.  Thorax  sub- 
quadrangular,  less  than  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  less  than  half  as  long 
again  as  the  )iead,  and  only  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  head,  broadest 
before  the  base,  wiMi  rather  strongly  convex  sides,  tapering  only  in  the 
apical  half,  but  rapidly;  the  apex  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  base;  a  dis- 
tinct posterior  lobe  not  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  anterior;  the  front  mar- 
gin transverse  or  very  slightly  emarginate,  witli  a  distinct  triangular  ante- 
rior depression,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  apex  broadly  rounded ;  surface 
indistinctly  punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  blackish  fuscous ;  membrane 
witli  slight  marks  of  longitudinal  infuscation. 

Length,  4.6'""' ;  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  1.85""° ;  abdomen,  2.25'°"'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4644,  11220. 

4.  LiTHOCHROMUS   ESTRANEUS. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  6. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  only  upon  a  side  view,  and  is  on  that 
account  difficult  to  compare  with  the  others  absolutely.  The  head  appears 
to  be  of  unusual  length,  being  apparently  about  five-sixths  the  length  of  the 
thorax,  and  is  smooth ;  the  antermae  are  exceptionally  stout  and  are  some- 
what longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  together  ;  the  first  two  joints  together 
slightly  shorter  than  the  last  two  ;  the  first  and  second  joints  increase  very 
slightly  in  size  next  the  apex,  and  are  truncate  at  tip ;  the  last  joint  scarcely 
enlarges  toward  the  tip,  which  is  rounded.  Thorax  apparently  tapering 
from  a  little  before  the  base,  somewhat  tumid,  and  punctate ;  corium  of 
hemelytra  clear,  or  very  slightly  obscured,  punctate  throughout,  but  more 
densely  along  the  principal  veins ;  membrane  clear. 

Length,  b.b""" ;  of  corium  of  hemelytra,  2.75""°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  13660. 


HEMIPTKUA-HETEUOPTKRA— LYd/EIDyE. 


405 


17.  COPTOCHROMUS  ^en.  nov.  {xottti'?,  xpmpia). 

Head  rounded  triangular,  fully  as  long  as  broad,  as  broad  as  the  apex 
of  the  thorax ;  the  eyes  small,  globular,  median,  the  front  between  them 
advanced  considerably,  and  roundly  angulated ;  antenna;  shorter  than  in 
the  preceding  genus,  longer  than  in  the  succeeding  genera,  being  longer 
than  head  and  thorax  together,  but  considerably  less  than  half  the  length 
of  the  body;  first  joint  distinctly,  though  not  considerably,  surpassing  the 
front,  the  first  and  second  together  shorter  than  the  remainder  of  the 
antennas,  the  third  and  fourth  subequal  and  not  at  all  incrassated.  Thorax 
transverse,  considerably  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  decidedly  longer 
than  the  head,  broadest  at  the  base,  the  anterior  lateral  margins  strongly 
rounded,  the  apex  about  three-fourths  the  width  of  the  base ;  no  noticeable 
posterior  lobe.  Legs  and  hemelytra  as  in  the  preceding  genus. 
A  single  species  occurs  at  Florissant. 


CoPTOCHROMUS   MANIUM. 

Antennae  of  nearly  uniform  diameter  throughout.  Thorax  trapezoidal 
with  the  outer  anterior  angles  strongly  rounded;  the  thorax  tapering 
rapidly  only  at  the  extreme  apex;  front  mm  gin  gently  emarginace,  a  very 
broad,  rounded,  subtriangular,  anterior  depression  three  or  four  times  as 
broad  as  long  occupying  the  whole  apex ;  a  distinct  median  carina ;  sur- 
face smooth.  Corium  of  hemelytra  varymg  from  pale  testaceous  to  fuscous, 
more  heavily  marked  along  the  costal  margin ;  the  whole  surface  faintly 
and  uniformly  punctate  ;  membrane  clear. 

Length,  4.6""" ;  breadth,  2""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  5248,  6270,  6449,  9046, 

18.  PROLYG-^US  gen.  nov.  {rrpo,  Lygajus,  nom.  gen.) 

Body  of  a  very  regularly  ova'  form  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad. 
Head  rather  small,  with  the  eyes  rather  narrower  than  the  reduced  front  of 
the  thorax,  as  long  as  broad,  the  eyes  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  head, 
and  the  front  produced  in  advance  of  them  as  a  broad  quadrate  mass ; 
antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  the  first  joint  not  surpassing,  prob- 
ably just  reaching,  tho  front,  the  last  two  longer  than  the  first  two  joints, 
subequal  and  slightly  incrassated.     Thorax  very  transverse,  nearly  thvee 


406 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I 


times  as  broad  as  long,  the  posterior  lobe  more  than  one-third  of  the  whole, 
tapering  pretty  regularly  and  very  considerably  from  base  to  apex,  which 
is  not  more  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base.  Femora  stout  and  large. 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  extending  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  found  at  Florissant. 

pR0L,V«iEi;S    INUNDATU8. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  Hi. 

Head  very  faintly  and  finely  punctate,  oblique  sides  of  the  thorax 
gently  convex,  front  margin  of  thorax  marginate  and  broadly  and  slightly 
emarginate;  surface  distinctly,  rather  distantly  and  uniformly  punctate. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  rather  heavily  punctate  in  series  which  are  more  or 
less  longitudinal. 

Length,  fi.h"""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.85"" ;  abdomen,  2.6"". 

Florissant.     One  8])ecimen,  No.  6299. 

19.  NPXROCHROMUS  gen.  nov.  (venpo?,  xP<»jua). 

Body  very  regularly  oval,  the  broader  end  posterior,  the  abdomen  being 
very  full,  laterally  expanded  beyond  the  costal  margins  of  the  closed  heme- 
h'tra,  the  whole  body  less  than  ^vvice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  with  the 
moderately  large  eyes  just  as  broa  1  as  the  apex  of  the  thorax,  almost  as  long 
as  broad,  being  strorgly  and  angularly  produced  in  front  of  the  eyes,  which 
are  situated  at  or  close  to  the  base.  Ocelli  small,  situated  close  to  the  eyes 
on  a  line  with  their  posterior  margin;  antenna;  as  long  as  head,  thorax,  and 
scutellum,  the  first  joint  not  or  but  slightly  surpassing  the  front,  the  other 
joints  su  jequal,  the  fourth  slightly  the  longest,  the  third  shortest,  the  last 
two  gently  incrassated.  Taorax  transverse,  broadest  at  base,  tapering  rather 
or  very  rapidly,  scarcely  longer  than  the  head,  the  sides  convex,  the  obscure 
posterior  lobe  rather  less  thf"  one-fourth  of  the  whole.  Legs,  or  at  least 
the  femora,  pretty  stout.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  surpassing  the  middle 
of  the  abdouien  to  a  greater  or  less  degree. 

Three  species  are  known,  all  from  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  gpeciea  of  Necroohromut. 

Thurax  iiboiit  Iwice  as  broad  as  long. 

Apex  of  thorax  more  than  thrue-fourt.hs  as  long  as  base;  corinm  of  hemelytra  short.  1.  N,  cockrrelli. 

Apex  of  thorax  hardly  more  than  half  as  loag  a:<  base;  corium  of  hemelyt.raloiig....'J.  If.  labaliit. 
Thorax  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long 3.  N.  laxifiout. 


liit 


HEMIPTEUA— UETEUUPTEBA— LYOiElDiE. 


407 


1.    NeCROCIIKOMIIH   C'OCKEKELLI. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  10. 

Head  smooth.  Thorax  fully  twice  as  hroud  an  lotig,  the  apox  more 
than  three-quarterH  the  length  of  the  baHe,  gently  tapering  with  arcuute 
sides,  the  front  margin  gently  and  broadly  eniarginate  with  somewhat 
rounded  lateral  angles ;  sides  niarginate  and  on  either  side  near  the  margin 
a  gently  arcuate  sulcus  suhparallel  to  the  margin  ;  the  posterior  lobe  sepa- 
rated otdy  by  a  slight  carination ;  whole  surface  uniforndy  and  distinctly 
punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  relatively  short,  hardly  surpassing  the  mid- 
dle of  the  abdomen,  clear,  excepting  a  broad,  fusco-fidiginous  band  along 
the  membranal  suture  and  the  fuscous  punctate  veins ;  the  whole  of  the 
corium  is  also  distantly  punctate ;  membrane  clear,  abdomen  fusco-fuligi- 
nous  with  a  broad,  submarginal,  distinctly  bordered,  clear  band  not  clearly 
observable  in  all  specimens. 

Length,  6.15°"";  breadth  of  thorax,  2.1.5""";  abdomen,  2.8;)'"'. 

Named  for  Mr.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell,  the  industrious  entomologist  of 
Colorado. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  2229,  8139  and  8234,  9086.  10135, 
11231. 

2.  Necrocheomus  labatus. 
PI.  27,  Fi^.  14. 

Thorax  nearly  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  long,  only  a  little  longer 
than  the  head ;  fvpex  only  three-fifths  the  breadth  of  the  base,  transverse, 
the  sides  oblique,  gently  arcuate,  the  outer  anterior  angles  scarcely  rounded ; 
the  surface  uniform,  heavily  punctate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  relatively  long, 
reaching  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  abdomen,  pale  testaceous  except- 
ing rather  large  fuscous  spots  along  the  inner  half  of  the  membranal  suture ; 
the  whole  surface  punctate ;  the  veins  infuscated  ;  abdomen  as  in  last  species. 

Length,  S"""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2  15"";  abdomen,  2.8""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  2871. 


3.  Necrochromus  saxificus. 

Antennae  as  long  as  head,  thorax,  and  scutellum,  all  but  the  apical  joint 
dark;  the  latter  clear  except  for  some  sliglit  blotches.  Thorax  trapezoidal, 
hardly  half  as  broad  again  as  long,  tapering  gently  and  regularly  except 


wmmm 


1 


408 


TKUTlAltY   INSKOTH  OK  NORTH  AMEHIOA. 


for  the  slight  arcuation  of  the  sides  from  the  extreme  base ;  the  apex  fully 
throe-fourths  as  long  as  base,  the  front  margin  gently  eniarginato,  the  outer 
angles  hardly  rounded  ;  surface  j)unctate.  Cerium  of  hemelytra  reaching 
almost  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  mo-e  or  less  obscure 
and  punctate ;  abdomen  uniformly  dark  fuscous,  differing  from  the  other 
species  in  its  relative  narrowness,  so  that  it  is  apparently  not  expanded 
laterally  beyond  the  margin  of  the  hemelytra. 

Length,  6"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  1.8"'"';  abdomen,  2.5°"°. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  8927. 


fi  ^ 


20.  EXITELUS  gen.  nov.  {ef-irr/Xo?). 

The  body  is  long  oval,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  a 
little  broader  than  long,  as  broad  as  the  abruptly  narrowed  apex  of  the 
thorax,  but  hardly  half  so  broad  as  the  base  of  the  thorax ;  eyes  rather 
small,  nlUi.ited  in  the  middle  of  the  head,  the  front  between  them  strongly 
and  roundly  produced,  with  no  angulation ;  antennte  as  long  as  head  and 
thorax  together,  the  fir.st  joint  barely  surpassing  the  front,  the  last  a  little 
incrassated  and  apparently  the  longest.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  narrowinji  rap- 
idly from  base  forward,  abruptly  at  the  very  apex,  not  much  morr  than  half 
as  broad  again  as  long,  the  sides  a  little  convex.  Fep.ora  stout.  Corium 
of  hemelytra  extending  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  which,  though 
full,  perhaps  does  not  expand  laterally  beyond  the  closed  hemelytra. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

EXITEHIS   EXSANGUIS. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  2. 

Head  and  thorax  fusco-fuliginous,  the  lat<^er  with  a  median  sulcation, 
both  smooth,  though  the  scutellum  is  faintly  pu  ictate ;  front  margin  of  the 
thorax  slightly  eniarginate.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  fuliginous  with  a  central  faint  pallid  spot, 
faintly  punctate;  abdomen  fusco-fuliginous  with  a  premarginal,  broad, 
clearly  defined,  pale  belt  which  traverses  the  abdomen  in  equal  breadth 
just  beyond  the  scutellum. 

Length,  4.85"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  l.O"""" ;  abdomen,  2""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  fifi.")G. 


1 


I 


] 


HKMIPTEKA— HETERUPTEKA— LVG^JID^. 


409 


J 


21.  CRYPTOCHROMIIS  gen.  nov.  (xpuTTo?,  jtpoJ/^a). 

Body  of  an  oval  shape,  a  very  little  more  than  twice  cih  long  as  broad. 
Head  large,  distinctly  broader  than  the  apex  of  the  thorax,  fully  half  as 
broad  agaii-  as  long,  the  front  but  slightly  advanced  before  the  eyes,  very 
broadly  angulate.  F^yes  very  huge,  half  as  long  as  the  thorax,  hemispher- 
ical, occupying  the  entire  narrowed  side  of  the  head.  Antenna;  as  long  as 
head  and  thorax,  the  first  joint  scarcely  surpassing  the  head,  the  other 
joints  subequal  in  length,  the  second  very  slender,  the  fourth  distinctly 
incrassate.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
flattened,  broadest  at  base,  narrowing  gently  in  advance,  the  sides  gently 
arcuate,  the  apex  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  base.  Corium  of  henielytra 
reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen. 

One  species  only  is  known,  from  Florissant 

Cryptochromits  letatus. 

Head,  thorax,  scutellum,  and  hemelytra,  the  latter  perhaps  to  a  less 
extent  than  the  other  parts,  blackish  fuscous,  finely  and  uniformly  punctate. 
Thorax  about  two  and  a  quarter  times  as  broad  as  long,  the  front  margin 
roundly  emarginate,  the  hind  margin  transverse,  the  posterior  considerabh' 
longer  than  the  anterior  lobe ;  a  slight  median  sulcation.  Corium  of  heme- 
lytra strongly  infuscated,  very  long,  reaching  to  the  last  abdominal  joint, 
the  membranal  suture  very  oblique  ;  abdomen  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length,  4.15""';  breadth  of  thorax,  2™";  abdomen,  2.15°"". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  4487  and  11655. 

Subfamily  PYRRHOOORINA  Stal. 
This  peculiar  group,  by  many  regarded  as  deserving  family  rank,  has 
never  before  been  found  fossil.     The  Florissant  beds,  however,  yield  two 
spe''ie8,  which  I  have  referred  to  Dysdercus. 

DYSDERCUS  Amyot  and  Serville. 

To  this  genus,  found  all  over  the  world,  but  not  so  rich  in  species  with 
us  as  in  the  Old  World,  an  inhabitant  mostly  of  warm  climates,  and  repre- 
sented in  the  United  States  only  in  the  southern  portion,  a  couple  of  Flor- 
issant forms  appear  to  belong.    It  hns  iiot  before  been  recognized  in  a  fossil 


■H 


410 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


stp.te,  but  it  is  quite  possible  that  some  of  the  undescribed  species  in  the 
European  Tertiaries  referred  to  Lygieus  may  be  found  on  examination  to 
belong-  here  or  to  other  Pyrrhocorina,  since  the  two  species  found  at  Floris- 
sant closely  resemble  the  species  of  LygjBUs  from  the  same  beds,  and  until 
their  want  of  ocelli  was  noted  were  placed  next  to  them. 

Table  of  the  »pecieii  of  Dymlircua. 

Middle  of  body  belted  with  a     .'lit  bnnd 1.  /).  cincliis. 

Body  uniform  in  color 2.  7).  iinicoJoi: 

1.    DySDERCUS   CINCTU8. 
PL  24,  Figs.  11,  13,  14. 

Head  rounde  1,  subtriangular,  the  front  broadly  rounded  v/ith  a  slifyht 
angulation  (Fig.  13  is  inaccurate,  having  been  drawn  before  the  stone  was 
broken  away  from  the  head).  Surface  transversely  and  finely  ct)rrugated, 
otherwise  smooth.  Thorax  coarsely,  obscurely,  and  distantlj'  punctate,  as 
are  also  the  femora.  IMie  scutellum  appears  to  be  nearly  smooth.  Heme- 
lytra  finely  punctate  along  impressed  lines  folK)wing  the  course  of  the  prin- 
cipal veins.  Whole  body  dark,  but  transversely  banded  with  lighter  color 
in  a  rather  broad  belt,  which  crosses  the  posterior  half  of  the  thorax  and 
more  distinctly  traverses  the  body  and  closed  hemelytra  at  the  tip  of  the 
scutellum. 

Length  of  body,  8.65""";  antennae,  3.75"""';  breadth  of  Ijody,  3.5""". 

Florissant.  Nine  specimens,  Nos.  142G,  1745,  3199,  4248,  58G5,  7161, 
9890,  10303,  13561.  One  of  the  specimens  figured,  No.  5865,  was  lislaid 
ai  the  time  of  description  of  the  species,  but  undoubtedly  belongs  here. 


2.  Dysderctts  unicolor. 

Body  uniformly  dark  fuscouS  throughout,  with  no  indication  of  any 
transverse  lighter-colored  bands.  Head  smooth,  antenuic  concolorous. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  very  coarsely  and  distantly  punctate.  The  abdomen 
similarly  but  more  obscurely  and  still  more  distantly  punctate,  the  closed 
hemelytra  slightly  surpassing  its  extremity. 

Length,  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  8.5""";  antenna?,  3.5"'"; 
breadth,  ^.S'"". 

■f  lorissant.    Two  specimens,  Nos.  3230,  10340. 


4 


|!i  i 


I 


HBMIPTBBA— HETBROPTBRA— OOKEID^. 


411 


J 


Family  COREID^E  Stephens. 

The  members  of  this  large  family  do  not  appear  to  have  been  recov- 
ered from  the  rocks  in  any  great  variety  of  forms,  and  from  amber  but  a 
single  species  is  loown.  The  Coreina  and  Alydinie  appear  to  have  been 
far  the  most  abundant  among  the  subfamilies,  the  former  prevailing  in 
Europe,  the  latter  in  America ;  in  America  much  the  greater  number  of 
all  the  species,  and  genera  as  well,  belong'  to  the  Alydime,  a  somewhat 
1  emarkable  fact  in  view  of  the  relatively  slight  importance  of  this  group 
to-day.  The  Corizida  were  next  in  importance,  a  few  species  being  found 
botii  in  Europe  and  America.  The  otl.^r  subfamilies  represented  are  the 
Pseudophloeina,  which  occurs  only  in  America  and  in  a  single  genus,  which 
appears,  however,  to  have  been  very  common ;  and  tiie  Berytina,  found 
only  in  Europe,  and  the  oidy  subfamily  represented  in  amber.  Excepting 
one  Coriaus,  all  the  American  species  that  have  been  found  have  occurred 
only  at  Florissant 

Subfamily  COREINA  St&l. 

This  subfamily  is  better  represented  in  the  European  Tertiaiies  than 
in  our  own.  where  it  has  so  far  been  (ietected  only  at  Florissant.  In 
Europe  we  find  a  dozen-  species  of  half  as  many  genera,  of  which  one, 
Palaeocoris  Heer,  with  a  single  species  from  Radoboj,  is  regarded  as  extinct, 
and  another,  Coreites,  with  three  species  from  Oeningen  and  Radoboj,  is 
used  only  as  a  magazine  for  impc^rfectly  ''nown  i"orms.  The  other  genera 
are  Syromastes,  with  four  species  from  Oeningen,  Spartocera,  with  two  from 
Radoboj,  and  single  apecies  of  Ilypselonotus  at  Oeningen,  and  Leptoscelis 
at  Sieblos.  Besides  Sevres  states  that  two  small  species  of  Coreus  (used  in 
a  general  sense)  occur  at  Aix. 

None  of  these  at  all  resemble  in  pny  particular  manner  the  forms  we 
finA  at  Florissant,  where  all  the  species  but  one  have  to  be  referred  to 
extinct  genera,  and  the  one  exception  may  require  a  similar  reference  when 
better  known.  There  aio,  however,  but  four  genera  with  nina  species.  In 
two  of  them,  one  containing  four  species,  it  is  difficult  to  determine  in  what 
relation  they  stand  to  existing  types  on  account  of  the  peculiarities  of  tiie 
neuration  of  the  hemelytra.  A  third,  Piezocoris,  with  three  species,  is 
remorkable  for  its  large  head,  but  otherwise  does  not  greatly  differ  from 


412 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Anasa,  to  fvhich  the  remaining  species  is  referred.     In  all  the  antennae  are 
brief  and  have  the  joints  beyond  the  basal  of  more  than  usual  equality. 

Table  of  the  genera  of  Coreina. 

Head  not  more  thau  half  as  long  as  the  thorax 1.  Anasa. 

Ilenil  lucre  thau  half  a8  long  as  the  thorax. 

An  obliqne  vein  riinuint;  from  the  upper  apex  of  the  central  celi  of  the  corinm  to  the  cjsta,  Inclos- 
ing a  large  rbomboida'  cell  at  the  apex  of  the  corium. 

Head  and  thorax  of  subeiiual  length    2.  Achrextocoria. 

Head  much  shorter  than  the  thorax 3.  Phthinocorit. 

No  oblique  vein  nor  rhomboidal  cell  at  apex  of  corium 4.  I'iezocoris. 


1.  ANASA  Amyot  and  Serville. 

This  American  genus,  rich  in  species  in  tropical  and  subtropical  regions 
and  with  at  least  twenty  s{.ecies  in  North  America  having  a  great  variety 
of  form  and  general  appears^nce,  is  best  known  to  the  public  by  our  com- 
mon odoriferous  "  squash-bug."  The  genus  has  never  before  been  found 
fossil,  but  occurs  in  a  single  instance  at  Florissant,  the  species  being  some- 
what peculiar  in  the  form  of  the  anterior  half  of  the  thorax. 

Anas^  priscoputida. 
PI.  24,  Fig.  4. 

Head  rounded  triangular,  together  with  the  eyet  rather  more  than  half 
the  width  of  the  front  lobe  of  the  thorax,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth, 
the  front  strongly  protruded  in  advance  of  the  eyes.  Antennae  somewhat 
more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  the  first  joint  but  little  stouter  than 
the  others,  cylindrical,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  head,  the  second  and 
fourth  Hubequal,  the  third  smaller.  Thorax  fully  double  the  length  of  the 
head,  the  anterior  and  posterior  lobes  very  distinct  in  their  form  and  struct- 
ure, the  posterior  occupying  two-thirds  of  the  length  with  rounded  alations, 
^\hich  increase  its  breadth  nearly  one-third ;  surface  distantly  and  rather 
finely  granulate,  except  along  its  anterior  edge,  where  the  granulations  are 
larger  and  more  crowded ;  except  for  the  alations  the  sides  are  straight ; 
anterior  lobe  very  rapidly  tapering  in  front,  the  sides  strongly  oblique  and 
well  rounded ;  the  front  margin  gently  and  broadly  emarginate  ;  the  surface 
smooth  like  the  head,  except  for  a  few  granulations  along  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  lateral  edges.  Scutellum  large,  triangular,  granulate  like  the  pos- 
terior lobe  of  the  thorax.     Corium  and  davus  of  the  hemelvtra  distantly 


fi  ! 
II' 


HEMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— COREID^. 


413 


punctate  in  linear  rows.  Legs  slender,  the  anterior  femora  longer  than  the 
breadth  of  the  body.  Abdomen  long  and  rather  narrow  with  straight  sides 
tapering  apically. 

Length  of  body,  7°"";  breadth  of  posterior  lobe  of  thorax,  2.8" 
abdomen,  2.25""" ;  length  of  antennae,  4°°'. 

Florissant     One  specimen,  No.  13314. 


^mci , 


<» 


2.  ACHRESTOCORIS  gen.  nov.  {dxprfaro?,  Hopt?). 

This  genus  and  the  following  are  remarkable  for  the  neuration  of  the 
coriura  of  the  hemelytra,  where  an  oblique  vein  runs  from  the  upper  apex 
of  the  central  cell  to  the  costa,  in  addition  to  the  two  other  veins  running 
from  the  extremity  of  the  cell  to  the  membrane,  and  so  inclosing  between 
itself  and  the  upper  of  these  two  usual  veins  a  large  rhombnidal  cell  at  the 
apex  of  tlie  corium.  In  the  present  genus  the  thorax  is  exceptionally  short, 
being  no  longer  than,  if  as  long  as,  the  small  head.  The  head  is  subquad- 
rate,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  less  than  half  as  wide  as  the  base  of  the 
thorax,  not  much  produced  in  front  of  the  antennae.  Antennae  not  preserved 
in  any  of  the  specimens.  P^yes  large  and  rather  prominent,  ocelli  minute, 
circular,  more  than  twice  as  near  the  eyes  as  each  other,  opposite  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  half  of  the  eyes.  Thorax  with  truncate  base,  the  sides 
tapering  rapidly  to  the  narrow  apex,  the  apical  margin  gently,  regularly, 
and  roundly  emarginate,  the  whole  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad. 
Scutellum  very  large,  triangular,  broader  than  long.  Corium  of  hemelytra 
large,  reaching  nearly  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  which  the  membrane 
appears  to  surpass  slightly.  Membranal  margin  straight,  very  oblique 
Abdomen  large  and  rather  full,  half  as  long  again  as  broad. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

ACHRESTOCOBIS   CINERARIUS. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  1. 

Body  robust,  but  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  Head  very 
fi.iely  granulate,  intraocular  space  about  half  as  wide  as  the  length  of  the 
head;  the  color  black.  Thorax  blackish  fuscous  with  coarse  and  faint 
punctae,  not  very  close  together;  sides  with  very  sl'ght  ampliations;  rest  of 
the  body  black  or  blackish  fuscous.     Hemelytra  fusco-fuliginous  with  dusky 


\ 


414 


TERTIA.BY  INSECTS  OF  NOBTH  AMERICA. 


veins ;  a  broad  band  crossing  the  base  of  the  abdomen  and  including  the 
hemelytra  of  a  reddish  fuscous  color. 

Length  of  body,  8.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  3°"° ;  breadth  of  middle  of 
abdomen,  3.6""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  4480,  11223,  11234,  12085. 


If 


m 


3.  PHTHINOCORIS  gen.  nov.  {.pO/yco,  Kcpn). 

This  genus  agrees  closely  with  the  last  except  that  the  thorax  is  much 
longer,  the  head  being  distinctly  shorter  than  it.  It  is  of  a  similar  robust 
form.  The  head  is  similarly  shaped  and  well  rounded ;  the  eyes  are  large, 
the  ocelli  small  and  circular,  as  near  together  as  to  the  eyes  and  opposite 
the  middle  of  the  same.  The  antenniB  are  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the 
body,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout  but  short,  not  half  so  long  as  the 
head,  the  other  joints  subequal,  but  the  fourth  the  smallest  and  scarcely 
incrassated.  Thorax  fully  twice  as  broad  as  the  head,  tapering  forward 
with  rounded  ampliated  sides,  more  or  less  distinctly  separated  into  an 
anterior  and  posterior  lobe  (the  anterior  very  short)  by  a  transverse  f^light 
sulcation,  sometimes  marked  by  a  series  of  granules.  Hemelytra  with 
the  same  structure  as  to  the  venation  as  in  Achrestocoris,  the  central 
cell  remarkably  short,  its  apex  being  scarcely  beyond  tlie  center  of  the 
corium ;  membrane  slightly  exceeding  the  abdomen  ;  this  latter  shaped  as 
in  Achrestocoris. 

Four  species  are  known. 

Tabic  of  the  $peeiti$  of  PhthinooorU. 

Head  much  shorter  than  thorax ;  speoies  of  medium  size. 

Thorax  almost  twice  as  broad  at  base  as  long t.  p,  colligatiu. 

Thorax  much  less  thiin  twice  as  broad  at  base  as  long -. 2.  P.  letha'gicus. 

Head  and  thorax  of  subequal  length. 

Species  of  small  size  (measuring  about  B-S""™  in  length);  head  not  broader  than  long,  delicately 

granulate 3.  p,  lamiuidua. 

Species  of  large  size  (measuring  about  9.5""»  in  length);  head  broader  than  long,  coarsely  and 
obsourely  granulate 4.  p.p^trceiu. 

1.  Phthinocohis  COLLIQATUS. 
PI.  22,  Fig.  3. 

Head  imperfectly  preserved  but  plainly  triangular,  the  surface  nearly 
smooth,  but  beset  with  a  fine  granulation.  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
the  head,  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  nearly  straight  and 


HBMIPTER^— uETEEOPTEEA— COREID^. 


415 


regularly  tapering ;  the  surface  black  or  blackish  fuscous  and  finely  granu- 
late, a  row  of  granules  marking  the  limitations  of  the  two  lobes.  Scutellum 
finely  granulate,  black.  Hemelytra  fusco-fuliginous,  the  membrane  fainter; 
the  coriuni  long,  reaching  almost  to  the  extremity  of  the  abdomen ,  the 
sutura  clavi  marked  by  a  pallid  line ;  the  surface  of  the  whole  more  or  less 
finely  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  8"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  S"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  6371. 


2.  Phthinocokis  lethargicus. 
PL  26,  Fig.  17;  PI.  27,  Fig.  17. 

Head  blackish  fuscous,  nearly  smooth,  but  with  fine  transverse  corru- 
gations ;  the  antennae  of  the  same  color.  Thorax  reddish  fuscous  except 
along  the  posterior  margin,  which  with  the  whole  scutellum  and  the  base  of 
the  hemelytra  beside  it  is  blackish,  forming  a  broad,  transverse  belt  across 
the  body  ;  the  sides  of  the  thorax  full,  ampliated,  the  thorax  tapering  much 
more  rapidly  in  the  anterior  than  in  the  posterior  half,  the  separation  of  the 
anterior  and  posterior  lobes  marked  by  a  fine  row  of  granules ;  the  surface 
otherwise  nearly  smooth  but  faintly  and  coarsely  granulosa  Scutellum 
finely  corrugate.  Hemelytra  pale  fusco-fuliginous,  the  membrane  nearly 
pallid,  the  veins  all  marked  with  fuscous  in  series  of  punctures  upon  either 
side ;  corium  rather  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

Length  of  body,  8.65""° ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""" ;  abdomen,  3.5""" ; 
length  of  antennae,  3.5""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  6370,  8740,  9632. 

3.  Phthinocokis  lanouidus. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  6. 

The  smallest  of  the  species.  Head  rounded,  of  about  equal  length  and 
breadth,  the  eyes  only  moderately  large,  globular,  the  surface  of  the  head 
finely  granulate.  Antennae  slender  but  short,  not  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  black  like  the  head ;  indeed  the  whole  body  is  black.  Thorax  just 
about  as  long  as  the  head,  more  coarsely  granulate  than  it,  more  than  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  tapering  but  regularly  rounded,    Corium  of 


416 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


hemelytra  rather  heavily  but  not  very  deeply  punctate,  the  punctae  distrib- 
uted only  in  part  in  longitudinal  series  and  not  confined  to  the  veins ;  the 
corium  about  as  long  as  in  the  preceding  species,  or  rather  shorter;  not  so 
short  as  represented  in  the  figure,  but  extending  as  far  as  the  membrane  is 
there  represented.     Legs  short  but  slender. 

Length  of  body,  6.65""° ;  of  antenna},2.25°"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2  25"""' 
Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  9451  and  10961,  10613,  12256. 

4.    PhTHINOCORIS   PETRvEUS. 

This  species  is  represented  by  specimens  less  well  preserved  than  the 
others,  but  differs  from  them  ali  in  its  much  larger  size  and  in  the  structure 
of  the  thorax.  The  head  is  distinctly  broader  than  long,  more  than  half  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  distantly  and  very  finely  granulate ;  the  basal  joint  of 
the  antennae  is  pretty  stout,  but  very  short  and  but  little  surpasses  the  front 
of  the  head.  The  thorax  is  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  sides  tapering  rapidly 
but  full,  the  surface  coarsely  and  very  distantly  granulate ;  the  whole  body 
is  black  or  blackish  fuscous  with  faint  signs,  in  some  instances  at  least,  of  a 
broad  belt  of  lighter  color  across  the  body  including  in  its  anterior  half  the 
acutellum.  Corium  of  hemelytra  marked  by  coarse  distant  granulations 
following  th*)  veins ;  it  extends  to  no  great  distance  before  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  9.5'"";  breadth  of  thorax,  3.'."^. 

Fk  issant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  7769,  9999,  10366,  11766. 


*b 


4.  PIEZOCORIS,  gen.  nov.  (yrtd^co,  xdpi?).     . 

A  genus  of  Coreina  peculiar  for  the  large  size  of  the  head ;  this  is  fully 
one-half,  sometimes  two-thirds,  the  width  of  the  thorax,  subtriangular  in  form 
and  well  rounded,  rather  broader  than  long,  the  front  rectangular,  produced 
in  front  of  the  eyes ;  the  latter  are  rounded,  prominent,  the  intraocular  space 
being  as  broad  as  half  the  length  of  the  head.  AntennaB  much  as  in  Phthin- 
ocoris,  the  basal  joint  moderately  stout,  cylindrical,  less  than  one-half  as 
long  as  the  head,  the  remaining  joints  subequal,  the  second  and  third  slen- 
der, about  half  as  broad  as  the  basal,  the  last  incrassated,  subfusiform, 
nearly  as  stout  as  the  basal.  Thorax  fully  as  long  as  the  head,  tapering,  the 
apical  margin  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal.    The  hemelytra  of  the 


; 


i 


HBMIPTERA— HETEROPTERA— OOREIDiB.  417 

ordinary  structure.      The  legs  rather  short,   slender,   the   hind  femora 
scarcely  so  long  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen. 
Three  species  are  known. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Piezoooris. 

No  distinct  dark  spot  near  apex  of  oorium ;  eyes  large. 

Apical  margin  of  thorax  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal 1.  P-  peritus. 

Apical  margin  of  thorax  loss  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal a.  P-  compaelilis. 

A  distinct  darit  spot  near  the  apex  of  oorium ;  eyes  small a.  P.  peremptus. 

1.    PlEZOCOBIS   PEEITUS, 
PI.  25,  Fig.  15. 

The  whole  body  fusco-fuliginous,  tinged  more  or  less  with  blackish 
fuscous.  Head  faintly  granulate,  excepting  next  the  base,  where  it  is  more 
distinct.  Thorax  very  coarsely  and  very  distantly  granulate,  the  sides 
nef  '.iy  straight,  the  apical  margin  faintly  and  roundly  emarginate  and  nearly 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  basal ;  scutellum  like  the  thorax.  Coriura  of  heme- 
lytra  very  coarsely  punctate,  especially  next  the  base,  reaching  very  near 
the  extremity  of  the  abdomen,  which  the  membrane  considerably  surpasses. 
Legs  short,  the  femora  subequal,  faintly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""";  breadthof  thorax,  2.8""";  length  of  antennce,  4""». 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  10956. 

2.    PlEZOCORIS   COMPACTILIS. 

Whole  body  black.  Head  apparently  smooth.  First  joint  of  antenna; 
surpassing  a  little  the  front  of  the  projecting  snout ;  second  and  third  joints 
of  the  antennai  a  little  pallid.  Thorax  coarsely  but  not  prominently  and 
rather  distantly  granulate,  the  apical  margin  broadly  and  roundly  emargi- 
nate, a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  basal,  the  sides  rapidly  tapering 
with  slight  fullness.     Abdomen  rather  slender  and  long. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"™;  breadth  of ';aorax,2.75"'"';  length  of  antennae,  4""°. 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  5731. 

3.   PlEZOCOBIS?   PEREMPTUS. 
PI.  26,  Fig.  14. 

Body  blackish  fuscous  mottled  with  pallid,  especially  nipon  the  abdo- 
men.    Head  smooth  excepting  on  its  posterior  border,  where  it  is  coarsely 

VOL  XIII 27 


4 


418 


TERTIARY  INSE0T8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


granulate ;  eyes  very  small,  globular.  Thorax  very  coarsely  and  distantly 
granulate,  perhaps  a  little  longer  than  the  head  and  certainly  broader  than 
long.  Ilonielytra  scarcely  showing  any  veins  in  the  corium,  which  is  pale 
fuliginous,  edged  with  dark  fuscous,  and  with  a  large  round  fuscous  spot 
just  before  the  middle  of  the  membranal  margin ;  the  membranal  margin 
itself  infuscated  at  its  two  extremities ;  membrane  more  deeply  fuscous, 
especially  toward  the  base  and  on  either  side,  with  numerous  veins  arising 
from  a  transverse  vein  following  the  membranal  margin  ;  the  extremity  of 
the  corium  is  far  before  that  of  the  abdomen,  which  is  barely  covered  by 
the  membrane. 

Length  of  body,  9.65™" ;  breadth,  at  least  3""°. 

This  species,  being  preserved  only  upon  a  side  view,  can  not  be  defi- 
n?to'iy  referred  to  this  genus ;  but  as  it  agrees  better  with  it  than  with  any 
of  the  others  and  does  not  furnish  characters  sufficient  for  clear  generic 
separation  I  have  preferred  to  leave  it  in  this  place. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  5633. 


Subfamily  ALYDINiE    Distant. 

Although  when  compared  to  the  other  Coreidaj,  this  subfamily  is  to-day 
but  poorly  represented  in  America,  whether  iu  temperate  or  tropical  regions, 
this  was  not  the  case  in  Tertiary  times,  for  it  was  fairly  well  furnished  with 
genera  and  species,  and  as  for  numbers  in  individuals  no  group  of  Heter- 
optera  could  compare  with  it.  Most  of  the  eight  genera  are  extinct  types 
and  belong  to  the  division  of  Micrelytraria  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Pro- 
tenor  and  Darmistus,  with  slender  and  unarmed  hind  femora,  but  also,  as  a 
general  rule,  with  distinctly  though  delicately  and  profusely  spined  hind 
tibiae.  One  genus,  Rhopocoris,  contains  the  bulk  of  all,  and  of  the  four  or 
five  species  belonging  to  it  nearly  all  the  specimens  obtained  belong  to  two 
closely  allied  forms,  possibly  to  be  regarded  as  only  one.  In  Europe  but 
three  fossil  AlydiniE  have  been  recognized,  and  these  have  all  been  refen-ed 
to  the  division  Alydaria.  One  from  the  brown  coal  of  the  Rhine  is  irrecog- 
nizable  at  present,  but  was  referred  by  Germar  to  Alydus ;  a  second  from 
Oeningen  is  a  true  Alydus ;  and  a  third,  also  from  Oeningen  but  unde- 
scribed,  was  compared  by  Heer  to  Alydus  lateralis,  now  placed  in  the 
neighboring  genus  Camptopus. 


HBMIPTBRA— UETKUOPTEUA-COREIU.K.  419 

Table  of  the  gemra  of  fouil  .ilyiHna. 

Hind  femora  splnod  beneath I.  Ca<>a1ydu$. 

Hind  femora  unarmed.  .-%    r  a 

Posterior  lateral  angles  of  thorax  produced  as  a  gpino '*•  Cgaamue. 

Posterior  lateral  angles  of  thorax  not  produced. 

Thorax  soarooly  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base 3.  rarodarmiitui. 

Thorax  distinctly  tapering  from  base  to  apex. 

First  joint  of  antennas  no  longer  thau  the  head. 

Head  distinctly  longer  thau  the  thorax  ;  first  joint  of  antennio  (at  least  in  Protenor) 
as  long  as  the  head. 
Body  slender;  thorax  tapering  gently,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth. 

4.  Vrotenor. 

Body  robust;  thorax  tapering  rapidly,  tw'"«  b"  jroad  as  long r..  Tenor. 

Head  and  thorax  subeqiiul  iu  length  ;  first  joint  of  antennaj  shorter  than  the  head. 

Second  joint  of  aiitennie  much  longer  than  either  of  the  others 6.  Elirooorit. 

Second,  third,  and  fourth  joints  of  antenna)  snbeqnal 7    Hhepocorit. 

First  joint  of  antennie  ranch  longer  than  the  head 8.  OrthriocoHea. 

1.  CACALYDUS  gen.  nov.  {HaH6<,  Alydus,  nom.  gen.). 

Nearly  allied  to  Alydus  but  differing  from  it  in  the  structure  of  the 
antennae,  which  are  distinctly  shorter  than  the  body ;  the  first  joint  about 
as  long  as  the  head,  the  other  three  subequal,  the  terminal  joint  incrassated 
gently,  but  no  longer  or  scarcely  longer  than  the  second  and  third.  The 
head  is  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  subquadrate  or  subrotund,  of 
about  equal  length  and  breadth ;  the  eyes  not  very  strongly  prominent. 
The  body  is  elongate,  subequal,  the  thorax  tapering  forward  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree.  The  legs  moderately  stout,  the  hind  femora  strongly  incras- 
sated, and  on  the  outer  half  of  their  inferior  surface  armed  more  or  less  dis- 
tinctly with  spines.  These,  unfortunately,  are  not  shown  in  the  drawings 
of  either  of  the  species. 

Tahle  of  the  species  of  Cacalydui. 

Snecies  of  large  size  (more  than  eleven  millimeters  longV,  head  scarcely  constricted  behind  the  eyes. 
•^  1.  C.  laptus. 

Species  of  moderate  size  (less  than  nine  millimeters  long);  head  strongly  constricted  behind  the  eyes. 
^  2.  C.  exttirpatM. 

1.  Cacalydus  lapsus. 
PI.  25,  Fig.  12. 
A  large  species,  of  which  unfortunately  but  a  single  specimen  is  at 
hand.  Intraocular  space  of  the  head  scarcely  equaling  one-half  the 
width  of  the  head,  the  surface  rather  coarsely,  faintly,  and  transversely 
corrugate,  not  constricted  in  the  least  behind  the  eyes,  so  that  there  is  no 
neck  at  the  junction  of  the  head  and  thorax.  Thorax  subquadrate,  a  little 
broader  than  long,  tapering  but  gently,  the  surface  nearly  smooth.    Fore 


420 


TEBTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOltTH  AMERICA. 


femora  with  a  median  longitudinal  carina,  not  very  prominent,  middle  and 
liintl  femora  much  enlarged,  the  hind  pair  with  delicate  spines  on  only  the 
a])ical  half  of  the  inferior  surface. 

Length,  12.4"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  2.;}'""'. 

Horissant.    One  specimen,  No.  1.508  of  the  Princeton  Collection. 

2.  Cacalydus  exstirpatus. 
ri.  25,  Fig.  3. 

Head  subrotund,  of  about  equal  length  and  broadth,  distinctly  con- 
stricted behind  the  eyes  so  as  to  form  with  the  rapidly  tapering  thorax  a 
distinct  neck ;  intraocular  part  of  the  head  three-fourths  the  width  of  the 
whole  ;  the  sui-ftice  coarsely  granulate.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  fully  one-third 
as  broad  again  at  base  as  at  apex,  not  very  coarsely  granulose.  Legs 
rather  slender,  the  middle  femora  agreeing  better  with  the  fore  femora  than 
with  the  hind ;  the  hind  femora  much  swollen,  armed  on  the  inferior  sur- 
face at  and  a  little  beyond  the  middle  with  six  or  seven  large,  coarse,  irregu- 
lar, flattened,  spinous  denticulations ;  the  basal  third  of  the  same  femora 
lighter  colored  than  the  rest  of  the  femur. 

Length  of  body,  7.2.5  "'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2"". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  6628,  10709,  12102,  13311. 

2.  CYDAMUS  Stai. 

This  genus  comprises,  as  far  as  known,  only  four  or  five  tropical  and 
subtropical  American  species.  The  one  which  we  here  add  from  Florissant 
can  be  placed  here  only  provisionally,  as  it  does  not  agree  in  many  striking 
features  with  the  modern  forms.  In  particular  the  body  is  more  robust, 
not  slender  and  elongate,  as  in  the  modern  types.  With  this  exception,  it 
has  never  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state. 

CyDAMUS   KOBUSTU8. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  3. 

Head  and  thorax  similarly,  delicately,  and  equably  granulate,  unless 
the  granulations  are  coarser  next  the  base  of  the  thorax.  Thorax  a  little 
shorter  than  broad,  tapering  Hither  rapidly  to  the  apex,  which  is  not  so 
broad  as  the  head,  the  eyes  included,  but  broader  than  the  intraocular  part 
of  the  head ;  outer  posterior  angles  produced  to  a  long,  tapering  spine 


■■ 


HKMIPTEUA-lIKTKltOI'TEliA-CJOBElD.K.  421 

directed  equally  backward  and  outward,  not  properly  represented  on  the 
plato;  the  hinder  margin  nlopcH  backward  to  aid  in  forming  tie  spine, 
immediately  the  limits  of  the  scutellum  are  \mnt  On  the  scutt  Hum  the 
granulations  become  more  or  less  transverse  corrugations,  ospecflill)  toward 
the  apex,  but  I  can  detect  no  scutellar  spine.  Ilemolytra  extending  a  little 
beyond  the  abdomen,  with  the  corium  and  clavus  dark  brownish  fuliginous, 
rather  distantly  punctate  with  white  in  linear  rows ;  membrane  very  pale 
fuliginous,  pallid  next  the  apex  of  the  corium. 

Length  of  body,  not  including  the  hemelytra,  5.75""';  henielytra, 
4.6""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5"'"'. 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  No.  7856. 

3.  PARODARMISTUS  gen.  nov.  (n-dpoi,  Darmistus,  nora.  gen.). 

Rented  to  Darmistus  Stftl,  but  differing  from  it  in  the  length  of  the 
last  antennal  joint,  which  is  no  longer  than  either  of  the  two  preceding; 
the  antennsB  are  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body ;  the  basal 
joint  is  moderately  stout,  short,  projecting  but  little  beyond  the  front  of 
the  head,  the  remaining  joints  subequal,  the  last  very  gently  and  slightly 
incrassated,  but  not  longer  than  the  second,  rarely  longer  than  the  third 
and  then  but  slightly.  Head  and  thorax  of  subequal  length,  the  head 
rounded  or  subquadrate,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth ;  the  thorax 
subquadrate,  scarcely  narrower  at  apex  than  at  base,  yet  never  longer  than 
broad.  Hemelytra  just  reaching  the  end  of  the  abdomen,  the  two  principal 
veins  of  the  membrane  forming  a  median  loop,  its  apex  just  before  the 
center  of  the  membrane,  and  from  which  radiate  at  tolerably  regular  dis- 
tances six  or  seven  equal  or  subequal  fores.  Hind  femora  slender  and 
smooth,  hind  tibiai  delicately  spinous. 

Six  species  occur  in  the  Tertiary  shales  of  America,  all  from  Floris- 
sant. 

Table  of  (he  apecieB  of  Parodarmiitut. 
Thorax  about  equally  granulate  througliout. 

Hind  femora  twice  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  thorax i.  p.  abscissui 

HIndfemoralessthanhalf  as  long  again  as  the  width  of  the  thorax '.....'.'...2.  P.  caduoiu 

Thorax  with  the  posterior  lobe  very  distinctly  more  coarsely  granulate  than  the  anterior. 

Thorax  scarcely  broader  than  lonir ..  *•»    d  -  ju 

Thorax  considerably  broa<ler  than  long. 

Thorax  about  half  as  broad  again  as  long. 

Eyes  of  moderate  size,  not  prominent;  head  and  thorax  suboqnal  in  length  ..4.  F.  de/ectut. 
Eyes  very  large  and  prominent;  head  considerably  longer  than  the  thorax. 

_,.          ^    ,          ,        ,        ,  5.  /■.  exanvHaiua. 

1  borax  twice  as  broad  again  as  long g  p  inhibitua 


422 


TEUTIAIIY  INHECTS  OF  NOUTII  AMEUICA. 


1.    PaRODARMISTTTS   AD8CI88U8. 

Body  nuicli  olongtited  and  Blender.  Head  Hlightly  longer  than  broad, 
hroadL'st  at  the  posterior  margin  of  the  eyes,  behind  which  the  head  is 
Honiewhat  strongly  contracted ;  eyes  jtretty  largo,  not  very  prominetit. 
Antennae  a  little  more  than  half  as  lo.ng  as  the  body,  very  slender ;  surface 
of  head  not  very  coarsely  but  very  considerably  granulate,  with  a  tend- 
ency toward  a  transverse  disposition  of  the  granules.  Thorax  s  '  tuad- 
rato,  scarcely  narrower  ai)ically  than  basally,  at  the  apex  as  broad  as  the 
head,  including  the  eyes;  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  somewhat  rounded; 
surface  like  that  of  the  head  granulate,  equally  fine  throughout,  with  no 
distinction  Ijetweon  the  anterior  and  posterior  portions.  Hind  femora  very 
long,  gradually  enlarging  from  base  to  apex,  but  scarcely  stouter  at  the 
broadest  than  the  middle  femora,  almost  as  long  as  the  antennsa.  Head 
and  thorax  piceous,  legs  dusky  fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  7.25""° ;  hind  femora,  3.25'"" ;  breadth  of  thorax, 
1.5"- ;  abdomen,  2.2'"™. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  12100. 

2.  Pakodakmistus  caducus. 

Body  slender  but  not  greatly  elongated ;  lieatl  of  about  equal  length 
and  breadth,  the  front  well  rounded  between  the  antenna,  constricted  behind 
the  eyes,  vvliich  are  moderately  large,  not  very  prominent.  Antennae  about 
half  as  long  as  the  body,  or  a  little  more  than  that,  moderately  slendev,  the 
second  and  third  joints  a  little  larger  apically  than  at  the  base,  the  last  joint 
gently  incrassated  and  fusiform.  Thorax  subquadrate,  a  little  broader  than 
long,  like  the  head  granulate  equally  throughout,  with  no  distinction 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  portions.  All  the  femora  subequal,  the 
hind  femora  very  much  shorter  than  the  antennae.  Head  and  thorax  pice- 
ous, legs  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  6""»;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.6""°;  abdomen,  l.TS""; 
length  of  hind  femora,  2.5°"". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  1432,  3358. 

3.  Parodarmistus  idollisus. 

PI.  25,  Fig.  13. 
Head  quadrate,  the  front  transverse,  scarcely  advanced  between  the 
antennsB ;  of  nearly  equal  breadth  throughout,  not  constricted  behind  the 


«*r> 


^ 


IIEMU'TKUA— llETEKOPTEKA— (;OUEIDi*J. 


423 


eyt'H,  which  are  nioderatoly  large  atul  very  prominent ;  Hurface  delicately 
{jranuliite.  Thorax  scarcely  broader  tlmn  long,  Hubquadrate,  at  the  apex 
of  the  Hanio  width  aH  the  head,  the  lateral  angles  rectangular,  the  posterior 
lobe  coarsely,  the  anterior  lobe  scurcely,  granulate.  Ilenielytra  reaching 
the  extremity  of  the  abdomen ;  corium  and  chivus  blackisli  fuliginous,  with 
the  sutura  clavi  marked  by  a  broad  pallid  Htri])0  which  broadens  at  the 
costal  margin  to  a  large  triangular  spot ;  membrane  ))ale  fuliginous,  the 
veins  infuscated,  a  moderately  large,  trapezoidal,  pallid  spot  next  the  apex 
of  the  corium.     Legs  dark  fuliginous,  uniform. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.8""" ;  abdomen,  2.7"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  12778, 

4.  Pabodahmistus  defectus. 

Head  subquadrangular,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  about  as  long  as 
the  thorax,  the  sides  straight,  the  front  broadly  angulate,  surface  delicately 
granulate,  eyes  ratho  small,  not  very  prominent.  Antennae  rather  more 
than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  slender,  the  last  joint  delicately  incrassated 
and  fusiform.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  tapering  slightly  from  base  to  apex,  the 
apex  being  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base,  the  whole  about  half  as 
broad  again  as  long,  the  apex  about  as  broad  as  the  intraocular  part  of  the 
head,  the  apical  margin  slightly  and  gently  emarginate ;  the  surface  of  the 
anterior  lobe  nearly  smooth,  of  the  posterior  coarsely  granulate  like  the 
SGutellum ;  veins  of  the  corium  of  the  hemelytra  coarsely  granulate.  Head 
and  thorax  blackish  fuscous,  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  thorax  a  little  lighter ; 
the  legs  fusco-fuliginous. 

Length  of  body,  7.5°°' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2""'. 

Florissant.    Three  specimens,  Nos.  5121,  9428,  9941. 

5.  Parodarmistus  exanimatus. 

Head  rounded,  except  for  the  eyes  broadest  at  the  posterior  edge  of 
the  eyes,  behind  which  it  is  somewhat  constricted,  rather  longer  than  broad, 
longer  than  the  thorax,  considerably  and  roundly  produced  in  front  of  the 
eyes ;  eyes  large  and  prominent ;  surface  granulate ;  antennae  considerably 
more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body.  Thorax  about  half  as  broad  again  as 
long,  shorter  than  the  head,  coarsely  granulate  posteriorly,  delicately  granu- 
late anteriorly,  the  sides  somewhat  full ;    scutellum   coarsely  granulate. 


Mi 


424 


TERTIARY  INSKUTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


Coriuin  ot    liemolytra  distantly  and  coaraoly  punctate  along  the  veins. 
Head  and  thoi..,x  blackish  fuseouii;  the  logs  very  dark  testaceous. 

Length  of  body,  5.7"""  :  breadth  of  thorax,  1.3"'"'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  772,  4639,  6114,  and  perhaps  7926. 

6.  Pakodakmistus  iniiiuitits. 

Head  very  larga,  transverse,  roundly  angulato  in  front,  but  neverthe- 
less disHnctly  longer  than  broad,  not  contracted  behind  the  eyes,  which  are 
very  largo  but  not  very  prominent;  suruice  granulate  throughout;  the 
antenna3  considerably  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body.  Thorax  quad- 
rangular, transverse,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  scarcely  tapering  ante- 
riorly, both  base  and  apex  truncate,  the  whole  surface  granulate,  but  much 
more  coarsely  behind  than  in  front.  Head,  tliorax,  and  scutellum  black ; 
abdomen  blackish  fuscous,  together  with  n).)st  of  the  corium  of  tlie  home- 
ly tra  ;  the  membrane  fuliginous  with  a  pallid  area  at  the  apox  of  the  coriuQ?_ 
the  veins  marked  in  fuscous ;  legs  blackish  fuscous. 

Length  of  body,  6.3"'"' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.8"'™. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  5829,  8356. 

4.  PROTENOR  Stai. 

This  genus,  of  which  only  two  species  are  known  one  from  the  cen- 
tral Western  States,  the  other  from  Central  America,  is  represented  at  Flor- 
issant by  a  single  species,  wliich  seems  to  agree  tolerably  well  generically 
with  these  It  is  to  be  noticed,  however,  that,  as  fre([ueutiy  seems  to  be  the 
case  with  fossil  forms,  the  antenuiu  are  distinctly  shorter  than  in  the  exist- 
ing types,  and  that  the  fossil  species  agrees  better  in  the  structure  of  the 
head  and  in  general  size  with  the  Central  American  than  with  the  Illinois 
species;  it  is  much  smaller  and  stouter  than  the  Illinois  species. 

PROTENOR   IMBECILLIS. 

PI.  26,  Fig.  8. 

The  head  of  the  single  specimen  known  is  somewhat  obscure,  but  is 
half  as  long  again  as  broad,  with  straight  and  parallel  sides  and  rather 
bluntly  angulate  front,  the  portion  in  front  of  the  antennaj  being  equian- 
gular j  the  whole  considerably  longer  than  the  thorax,  and  not  constricted 


^ 


i 


HEMIPTBRA— nBTBROPTEBA— UOREIDiE. 


425 


1 


1 


posteriorly,  being  as  broad  at  the  base  as  the  apex  of  the  thorax ;  antennas 
distinctly  shorter  thaa  the  body,  tl;e  first  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  head, 
and  scarcely,  if  at  all,  shorter  than  tiio  second  or  third  joint,  the  fouH'i  joint 
gently  incraasated,  but  scarcely  broader  than  the  others  and  slightly  the 
longest.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  gently  narrowing 
from  base  to  apex,  the  apex  being  five-sixths  the  length  of  the  base ;  surface 
coarsely  granulate,  especially  posteriorly.  Hemelytra  faintly  punctate  in 
linear  series.     liegs  long  and  very  slender. 

Length,  8.25""";  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  l.S™™;  length  of  hind 
femora,  3  5""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  10391. 

5.  TENOR  gen.  nov.  (r«?Va)). 

Body  robust ;  head  subrotund,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth,  th<« 
eyes  centrally  situated,  small,  globular,  the  front  between  them  broadly 
rounded  but  much  advanced,  behind  the  eyes  constricted.  Thorax  several 
times  broader  than  long,  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  head,  strongly 
tapering,  the  apex  as  broad  as  the  intraocular  part  of  the  head.  Abdomen 
tolerably  full.  Hind  femora  remarkably  slender,  scarcely  longer  than  the 
width  of  the  body. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Tenor  spelunc^j. 

Head  uniform  and  coarsely  punctate.  Thorax  similar  but  even  more 
coarse,  uniform  throughout ;  behind  the  prothorax  the  body  is  nearly  twice 
as  broad  as  the  head :  whole  body  blackish  fuscous ;  the  legs  testaceous. 
Unfortunately  the  antennaj  are  not  present,  and  the  hemelytra  are  too 
obscure  to  say  more  than  that  thecorium  and  clavus  are  rather  finely  punc- 
tate linearly. 

Length  of  body,  7™"' ;  breadth  of  head,  1.5""" ;  base  of  thorax,  2.6""" ; 
abdomen,  2.8"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  10227. 

6.  ETIROCORIS  gen.  nov.  {rei'poo,  xopts). 

Head  narrow,  long,  and  slender,  the  front  between  the  antennae  greatly 
prolonged,  so  as  to  reach  beyond  the  apex  of  the  first  antennal  joint ;  the 
antennae  form  the  most  remarkable  feature ;  the  first  joint  is  moderately 


426 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


stout,  and  does  not  attain  the  extremity  of  the  head,  but  this  is  only  on 
account  of  the  great  prolongation  of  the  same  ;  the  second  joint  is  of  extra- 
ordiriaiy  length,  being  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  the  basal 
joint,  half  as  long  again  as  the  elongated  head,  and  slightly  longer  than  the 
remaining  joints  together ;  these  are  subequal,  and  all  the  joints  are  moder- 
ately slender,  the  last  slightly  incrassated  if  at  all,  and  bluntly  rounded  at 
the  apex.  Thorax  shorter  than  the  head  and  rapidly  tapering,  so  that  the 
apex  is  only  half  as  long  as  the  base.  Abdomen  rather  stout  with  parallel 
sides.     Legs  unknown. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Etieocoeis  infebnalis. 
PL  26,  Fig.  16. 

The  whole  body  blackish  fuscous,  including  the  antennae;  surface  of 
the  head  punctate,  like  the  thorax ;  these  two  parts  about  equal  in  length. 
Veins  o "  the  corium  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  7.25°"";  breadth  of  thorax,  3.1""°;  length  of  antennae, 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  9253. 


7.  RHEPOCORIS  gen.  nov.  (pcVco,  H6pt<;). 

This  is  the  commonest  form  of  the  Alydinse  in  Florissant,  and  is  a  genus 
of  the  Micrelytraria,  with  unarmed  thorax  and  scutellum  and  tapering  tho- 
rax, but  is  remarkable  for  its  spinous  hind  tibiae,  as  well  as  for  the  characteris- 
tics of  the  antennae,  by  which  it  is  clearly  sepaiated  from  any  modern  types. 
The  head  is  well  rounded,  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth  as  viewed  from 
above.  The  antennae  have  a  stout  basal  joint  not  half  so  long  as  the  head, 
the  three  succeeding  joints  subequal,  slender,  the  last  gently  incrassated  and 
fusiform,  corresponding  in  this  respect  with  the  bulk  of  fossil  Alydinae.  The 
thorax  is  trapezoidal,  perhaps  a  little  longer  than  broad,  and  tapers  with 
straight  sides,  not  in  the  least  full,  to  the  head,  forming  a  slight  collar.  The 
legs  are  moderately  stout,  the  hind  femora  considerably  longer  than  the 
others  and  scarcely  stouter,  the  hind  tibiae  delicately  but  profusely  spined 
throughout. 

Five  species  occur  at  Florissant. 


*^^m 


HEMIPTERA— HETEEOPTBEA— COEBID^.  427 

TabU  of  the  tpeoiea  of  Bh^oootU. 

Head  longer  than  broad ;  hind  legs  long  and  slender. 

Larger  and  stouter  species,  more  than  8™™  long;  thorax  shorter  than  the  head  1.  B.  prteteetu», 

Snialier  and  slenderer  species,  less  than  8™™  long ;  thoraz  as  long  as  the  head 2.  B,  maorescens. 

Head  broader  than  long ;  hind  legs  less  long. 

Largest  species,  usually  about  ^'^'°  long 3.  B.  yravalent. 

Medium  sized  species,  usually  about  e^"™  long 4.  B.  propittquatu. 

Smallest  species,  nsaally  about  4.E"°*  long 5.  B.  minima. 

1.  Rhepocoris   PR^TECTUS. 

Head  one-fourth  longer  than  broad,  hardly  constricted  behind  the  eyes ; 
surface  rather  coarsely  granulate  with  a  tendency  to  a  transverse  arrange- 
ment. The  thorax  considerably  shorter  than  the  head  and  broader  than 
long,  the  apical  margin  more  thaii  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  basal  margin ; 
the  surface  coarsely  granulate.  Hind  legs  exceptionally  long,  the  femora 
being  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  6  6""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.4""" ;  length  of  hind 
femora,  3.2"°'. 

Florissant    Two  specimens,  Nos.  9756,  10646. 

.    2.  Rhepocoris  maorescens. 

Head  subpentagonal,  broadest  in  advance  of  the  middle  except  for  the 
eyes,  from  this  point  tapering  gently  backward ;  the  front  triangular,  rounded ; 
surface  rather  finely  granulate,  the  antennae  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long 
as  the  body.  Thorax  as  long  as  the  head  and  slightly  broader  than  long, 
tapering  regularly  from  base  to  apex,  the  apical  margin  being  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  br  ^al  margin ;  the  surface  finely  granulate  in  front, 
coarsely  behind.  Whole  body  blackish,  hen^  ^ytra  blackish  fuscous,  the 
membrane  infumated  with  a  large  triangular  pallid  patch  at  the  apex  of  the 
corium.  Legs  blackish  fuliginous.  The  hind  femora  less  than  half  as  long 
as  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  8.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""' ;  length  of  hind  femora, 
3.4""". 

Flonssant.    One  specimen.  No.  2158. 

3.  Rhepocoris  pr^valens. 

PI.  25,  Figs.  4,  6,  7,  9, 10, 11,  14, 16;  PI.  26,  Fig.  11. 

Head  rounded,  scarcely  longer  than  bread,  uniformly  and  rather  finely 
granulate,  the  granulations  on  the  under  surface  of  the  head  showing  a  tend- 


428 


TKRTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOUTFf  AMERIOA. 


oucy  to  a  tm)'«'  srao  HiTiuigoiuonf;  into  corrugations.  Antonna-,  more  than 
half  aa  hmg  i\  uio  body,  8lon(UM-,  and  pale,  tlie  whole  body  being  black  or 
blackish  fuacous.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  broader  than  long,  as  long  as  the  head, 
tapering  regularly  and  considerably  in  front,  the  apical  margin  being  about 
threo-fouri lis  the  length  of  the  base ;  surface  coarsely  granulate.  1  lemelytra 
with  the  corium  and  davus  blackish  fuliginous,  the  former  just  before  the 
middle  with  a  large  triangular  pallid  spot  on  the  costal  margin  sending  from 
its  apex  a  curved  pallid  shoot  to  the  membranal  margin ;  membrane  pale 
fuliginous  with  a  larire  trapezoidal  pallid  spot  next  the  apex  of  the  coriiun  on 
the  costal  margin  ;  ms  marked  in  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuliginous,  the  hind 
pair  very  sleiuler,  the  hind  femora  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  hind 
tibia*  delicately  and  profusely  spinous. 

Length,  (;.r)-8.r)'"'" ;  averaj^e  about  8"'--. 

This  is  the  counnoneat  of  the  heieropterous  insects  of  Florissant. 

Florissant.  About  one  hundred  and  fifty  specimens,  of  which  some  of 
the  best  are  Nos.  2431,  3257,  .'iGGD,  7102,  8374,  9045,  9170,  11211,  11217, 
12081,  12087,  and  of  the  Princeton  collection,  1  335  and  1.712. 


4.  Rhepocoris  propinquans. 

Pi.  25,  Fig.  1;  PI.  26,  Fig.  13. 

In  studying  the  species  of  Khepocoris  I  discovered  that  they  were 
naturally  subdivided  into  three  groui)s  according  to  their  size,  and  that  it  was 
not  often  that  there  was  any  doubt  into  which  of  the  three  groups  any  given 
indi\  :dual  would  fall.  I  have  accordingly  separated  the  present  species 
from  those  on  either  side  of  it,  though  I  can  give  no  characters  at  all  except 
those  of  size.  In  a  few  instances  there  may  be  doubt  into  which  of  the  two 
species,  this  and  the  preceding,  any  given  individual  may  foil,  inasmuch  as 
the  range  of  form  comes  close  together,  and  it  may  be  that  these  two  should 
be  considered  as  one  and  the  same  species.  But  I  have  thought  it  best 
under  the  circumstances,  and  in  the  hope  of  being  able  by  more  careful 
study  to  separate  the  forms  on  other  characteristics  than  that  of  mere  size, 
to  keep  the  two  apart,  at  least  provisionally.  In  each  of  these  two  forms 
the  individuals  may  be  separated  as  slenderer  and  stouter,  which  I  regard 
as  probably  the  two  sexes,  as  they  seem  to  differ  in  no  other  constant  char- 
acter that  can  be  seen  in  their  state  of  preservation. 


i 


HBMIPTEBA— nBTBUOPTERA—OOEEID^. 


429 


i 


III  tho  present  species  the  length  varies  from  5.5  to  6.5™'",  the  average 
being  about  6"'". 

Florissant.  About  eighty  specimens,  of  which  some  of  the  best  pro- 
served  are  Nos.  5002,  6652,  6980,  8467,  9276,  958.5,  10033,  10263,  11015, 
11212,  13307. 

5.  Rhepocouis  minima. 

See  tho  proceeding  species  for  some  remarks  on  this.  This  small  spe- 
cies appears  to  be  also  relatively  rather  stouter  than  the  others,  but  other- 
wise it  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ  in  any  characters  which  may  be  seized 
upon.  It  does  not  appear,  however,  that  the  hemelytra  are  so  distinctly 
marked  as  appears  to  be  ordinarily  tlie  case  in  the  others,  and  this,  when 
better  specimens  are  found,  may  serve  more  readily  to  distinguish  it  from 
them. 

Length,  4.5-5.5""" ;  tho  breadth  can  not  bo  readily  given  as  all  the 
specimens  are  preserved  upon  tlieir  .side. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  3854,  6029,  11755,  11763. 

8.  ORTHRTOCORISA  gen.  nov.  {op9p,o?,  nopts). 

An  elegant  genus  of  Micrelytraria,  not  far  removed  from  Darmistus  Stftl 
and  apparently  near  AcoH';ra  Dall,  from  which  it  differs  totally  in  tho  form  of 
the  front  of  the  head.  It  is  long  and  slender  in  form.  Head  well  rounded, 
a  little  elongate,  the  front  scarcely  produced  in  advance  of  the  antenna;, 
rounded,  or  perhaps  a  little  angulate ;  eyes  moderately  small,  seated  in 
the  middle  of  the  sides  of  the  head ;  antennae  very  long  and  slender,  the 
first  much  longer  than  the  head,  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  thorax, 
slende  •  on  the  basal  half,  gently  incrassate  and  subfusiform  on  tho  apical 
half;  the  second  and  third  joints  a.e  exceedingly  .slender,  the  third  as  long 
as  the  first  and  slightly  enlarged  at  the  extreme  truncate  tip,  the  second 
a  little  shorter ;  unfortunately  the  fourt!i  joint  is  not  preserved ;  if  as  long 
as  the  third  joint  tho  whole  would  be  still  considerably  shorter  than  thw 
body  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  hind  femora  and  tibia;  together.  Thorax 
considerably  longer  than  the  head,  tapering  toward  the  apex  with  no  lateral 
spines.  Legs  long  and  very  slender,  the  hind  femora  scarcely  incrassated 
and  both  they  and  the  tibia;  totally  unarmed,  the  femora  longer  than  the 
tibia;,  the  latter  about  as  long  as  head  and  thorax  together;  the  length  of 
the  first  tarsal  joint  about  equals  that  of  the  other  two  together, 

A  single  species  is  known. 


430  TEETIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEBIGA. 

ObTHBIOCOBISA  L0NGIPE8. 

PL  26,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  remarkably  well  preserved  specimen  lies  upon  its  side  on  a 
very  fragile  sheet  of  shale.  The  general  color  is  a  dark,  sometimes,  and 
especially  on  the  less  solid  parts,  a  light,  testaceous.  The  head  seems  to  be 
smooth  except  for  here  and  there  a  small  granule  ;  the  rostrum  shows  only 
the  central  black  needle  which  reaches  the  mesostethium.  The  thorax  is 
rather  heavily  and  pretty  closely  punctate,  and  the  corium  of  the  hemelytra 
similarly  punctate  in  serial  rows  along  the  course  of  the  veins.  The  state 
of  preservation  is  poorer  posteriorly,  so  that  the  length  of  the  abdomen 
can  not  be  accurately  told,  but  it  appears  to  extend  beyond  the  reach  of  the 

hind  femora. 

Length  of  body  (partly  estimated),  11""" ;  basal  joint  of  antennae,  2""" ; 

hind  femora,  4.75""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  8604. 

Subfamily  PSEUDOPHLCEINA  Stlil. 

This  rather  limited  subfamily  is  much  better  developed  in  the  Old  than 
the  New  World.  In  the  United  States  but  a  couple  of  genera  occur,  each 
with  a  single  species,  and,  in  the  Biologia  Centrali  Americana,  Distant 
records  but  three  genera,  each  with  a  single  species.  Yet,  although  never 
detected  in  the  European  rocks,  Florissant  yields  an  extinct  genus  aUied  to 
one  found  in  Central  America,  and  it  is  well  represented  there,  as  will  be 
seen  immediately  below. 

HEERIA  gen.  nov. 

Allied  to  Arenocoris  but  with  second  and  third  antennal  joints  subequal. 
Of  our  native  forms  it  approaches  nearest  to  Scolopocerus  Uhl.,  if  the  Mex- 
ican species  described  by  Distant  be  included  therein,  but  the  structure  of 
the  antenna;  again  is  different.  The  body  is  of  a  more  or  less  oval  shape, 
the  broader  end  posterior.  Head  moderately  small,  rounded,  of  about 
equal  length  and  breadth,  the  front  between  the  antenna)  never  greatly, 
sometimes  scarcely,  advanced ;  antennae  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  the 
body,  the  basal  joint  stout,  cylindrical,  about  as  long  as  the  head, 
the  second   and  third  joints   subequal,   long,  slender,   and   sometimes, 


HBMIPTEBA— HBTBROPTEBA-OOREIDiB. 


431 


especially  the  third,  enlarging  apically  where  truncate ;  last  joint  long  oval, 
scarcely  moie  than  one-third  as  long  as  the  third,  nearly  or  quite  as  stout 
as  the  basal.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  .the  apical  margin  of  the  breadth  of  the 
head,  the  basal  fully  half  as  broad  again,  the  sides  more  or  less  rounded. 
Hemelytra  large,  covering  the  abdomen,  except  possibly  the  sides  in  the 
broadest  species,  the  corium  reaching  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the 
abdomen.  All  the  species  have  heavily  granulate  thorax,  the  last  joint  of 
the  antennae  more  or  less  granulate,  and  the  corium  of  hemelytra  coarsely 
punctate. 

The  genus  is  named  in  memory  of  Oswald  Heer,  of  Switzerland,  the 
principal  student  of  fossil  msects  in  the  last  generation. 

Three  species  are  known,  all  from  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  tpeoiei  of  Heeria, 

Head  broadly  rounded  between  the  antennoe. 

Body  ample,  much  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad I.  If.  gulosa. 

Body  less  ample,  twice  as  long  as  broad 'i.  H.  lapidosa. 

Head  angularly  produced  between  the  antennte 3.  B.fmda. 

1.  Heeria  gulosa. 

PI.  27,  Figs.  5,  12, 18 ;  PI.  28,  Fig.  17. 

Whole  body  tolerably  uniform  blackish  fuscous,  the  lateral  incisures 
of  the  abdomen  paler.  Head,  whole  of  first,  apical  extremity  of  second  and 
third,  and  basal  two-thirds  of  fourth  joint  of  antennae  finely  granulate,  these 
parts  in  the  antennae  blackish,  the  other  parts  of  the  middle  joints  of  the 
antennae  pale  testaceous  and  faintly  granulate,  the  apical  third  of  the  fourth 
joint  smooth  and  blackish  fuliginous ;  front  of  head  between  the  antennae 
broadly  rounded,  scarcely  advanced,  not  at  all  angulate.  Thorax  heavily 
granulate,  almost  twice  as  broad  on  the  basal  as  on  the  apical  margin, 
and  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  heavily  and 
irregularly  punctate.  Abdomen  broad  and  full,  about  half  as  broad  again 
as  the  base  of  the  thorax. 

Length  of  body,  9.15""" ;  antennae,  4.8°"° ;  breadth  of  base  of  thorax, 
3.35""° ;  middle  of  abdomen,  5°"". 

Florissant.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  789,  1977,  4269,  6151,  11773,  and 
of  the  Princeton  Collection,  1.560  and  1.802,  1.831. 


433 


TKUTIAKY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.  Heeria  lapidosa. 
n.  27,  Figs.  3,  19. 

In  color  tliis  species  entirely  resembles  the  preceding  both  as  to  body 
and  antenna3.  The  head  and  first  joint  of  antenna)  are  here  as  coarsely 
granulate  as  the  thorax,  while  the  other  joints  of  the  antenna;  resemble 
those  of  the  last  species ;  the  front  of  the  head  is  as  there.  The  thorax  is 
perhaps  a  trifle  longer  than  in  H.  gulosa  and  has  straighter  sides,  but  other- 
wise does  not  differ.  The  hemelytra  are  similarly  punctate.  The  main 
difference  is  to  bo  found  in  the  abdomen,  which,  though  full,  is  not  nearly 
so  full  as  in  the  preceding  species,  the  breadth  being  scarcely  half  the 
length  of  the  body. 

Length  of  body,  8.5""" ;  antennae,  4.5""" ;  breadth  at  base  of  thorax, 
3.25""" ;  at  middle  of  abdomen,  4'"™. 

Florissant.     Eleven  specimens,  Nos.  1648,  1884,  3767,  4G17,  5703, 

5065,  8!)4t),  12241,  14179  and  14197,  and  of  the  Princeton  Collection, 

1.804,  1.817. 

3.  Heeria  f(eda. 

In  color  like  the  other  species.  Head  scarcely  granulate,  the  front 
between  tlio  antennse  advanced  angularly  by  half  the  length  of  the  first 
antennal  joint  to  less  than  a  right  angle,  the  angle  rounded.  Antennae 
throughout  slenderer  than  in  the  other  species,  and  shorter,  scarcely  in  the 
least  granulate  anywhere.  Thorax  coarsely  granulate,  the  base  a  third 
longer  than  the  apex,  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long.  Hemelytra  rather 
distantly  punctate.     Abdomen  much  as  in  H.  lapidosa. 

Length  of  body,  8"™ ;  antennae,  3.25™" ;  breadth  at  base  of  thorax, 
2.7"™ :  at  middle  of  abdomen,  4"'". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  3097,  7874,  7974. 


«   9 


«   3 


*» 


Subfamily  GORIZIDA  Mayr. 
A  few  fossil  forms  have  been  referred  to  this  group,  not  very  abundant 
in  species  at  the  present  day.  The  most  prolific  genus  in  either  Old  or 
New  World  is  Corizus,  to  which  all  the  four  species  from  the  American 
Tertiavies  described  below  are  referred.  The  only  described  European 
form  is  one  from  Oeningen  referred  by  Heer  to  an  extinct  genus,  Harmos- 
tites ;  Corizus,  however,  is  said  to  occur  at  Aix,  but,  as  I  shall  point  out 
below,  its  reference  here  is  doubtful. 


HEMIPTERA— HETEKOPTERA— COREIDiE.  433 

com Z US  Fallen. 

Two  fossil  species  have  already  been  referred  to  this  genus,  both  from 
Aix.  One,  however,  as  shown  by  Heer,  belongs  rather  with  Pachynierus, 
and  the  other  is  merely  indicated  as  being  half  the  size  of  Therapha 
hyossyami  of  Europe.  In  America  the  genus  is  best  developed  within 
the  tropics,  but  has  abundant  representatives  in  the  United  States.  Three 
of  the  Florissant  Heteroptera  appear  to  fall  within  its  limits,  and  a  Green 
River  species,  which  I  formerly  took  for  a  Reduvius,  appears  also  to  belong 
here. 

Table  of  the  speeiei  of  Corizus. 

Without  an  iuterrupted  serieit  of  lateral  spotH. 

Smaller  forinH,  not  exceeding  live  luillimetertj  in  lenjjMi 1,  C.  cetatus. 

Larger  forms,  exceeding  six  millimeters  in  iengtb. 

Body  relatively  stout,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad 2.  C.  abdilinit. 

Body  relatively  slender,  nearly  fonr  times  as  long  as  broad 3.  C.  somHiiniiii. 

Au  interrupted  series  of  lateral  spots 4,  c.  guttatus, 

1.    CORIZUS   CELATU8. 
PI.  27,  Fig.  16. 

Head  a  little  broader  than  long,  with  the  eyes  a  little  broader  than  the 
apex  of  the  thorax,  subtriangular,  the  front  angularly  produced  between  the 
antennse,  the  basal  joint  of  which  seems  barely  to  surpass  the  apex  of  the 
front ;  the  remaining  joints  slender.  Thorax  half  as  broad  again  as  long, 
tapering  forward  with  slightly  ampliated  sides,  the  front  margin  gently  and 
broadly  emarginate,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long  us  the  base,  the  surface 
densely  and  sharply  punctate,  and  a  faint  sign  of  a  median  sulcation. 
Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen, 
clear  excepting  along  the  finely  punctate  principal  veins  and  near  the  outer 
apex,  which  is  wholly  clouded.  Abdomen  dark,  with  broad  premarginal 
pale  lateral  bands. 

Length,  5"""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.9""". 

Florissant.     Three  specimens,  Nos.  1952,  6369,  14205. 

2.    CORIZUS   ABDITIVUS. 
PL  25,  Fig.  5;  PI.  26,  Fig.  4. 

Body  relatively  stout,  about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  head 
rounded,  hardly  subtriangular,  considerably  broader  than  the  apex  of  the 
thorax,  the  front  roundly  produced  between  the  antennae,  the  basal  joint  of 

VOL  XIII 28 


i 


434 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


which  considerably  surpasses  the  apex  of  the  front ;  the  second  and  third 
joints  of  antennir  of  equal  diameter  and  very  slender,  the  last  joint  a  little 
incrassated ;  surface  of  head  densely  and  finely  punctate.  Thorax  trape- 
zoidal, narrowing  rapidly,  punctate  like  the  head.  Hemelytra  more  coarsely 
l)unctate  along  the  veins  of  the  corium,  which  reaches  barely  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen  and  is  infuscated,  while  the  membrane  is  nearly 
clear.  Abdomen  oval,  the  sides  slightly  ampliated.  The  figure  on  Plate  26 
poorly  rejjresents  the  species. 

Length,  T-S*";  antennae,  4.1"'"';  breadth  of   thorax,  2"'"';   abdomen, 

2.65"'"'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  3247,  5715,  8544,  14207. 

3.    CORIZUS   80MNURNU8. 

Body  very  slender,  being  nearly  four  times  as  long  a.-  broad,  the  sides 
parallel.  Head  rounded,  subtriangular,  scarcely  broader  than  the  apex  of 
the  thorax,  fully  as  long  as  broad,  the  surface  i)unctate.  The  antennse 
very  long  and  slender,  the  first  joint  clearly  surpassing  the  apex  of  the 
front.  Thorax  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  tapering  gently,  with 
scarcely  ampliated  sides,  the  front  margin  broadly,  roundly,  and  deeply 
emarginate,  the  apex  fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  base ;  surface  punctate. 
Hemelytra  as  in  the  preceding  species,  but  the  membrane  distinctly  infu- 
mated.  Legs  long  and  slender,  the  hind  femora  with  a  very  slight  posterior 
fringe  of  minute  short  denticulations,  on  which  account  one  would  be 
inclined  to  place  it  in  Harmostes,  but  the  denticulations  do  not  take  on  the 
form  of  spines,  but  are  more  like  serrations. 

Length,  including  the  closed  hemelytra,  5.5"'"' ;  antenna;,  4""' ;  hind 
femora,  2.4"";  breadth  of  body,  LS"". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  14193. 

4.    COBIZUa   GUTTATUS. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  11. 
nedttviiuf  giittatiis  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  8urv.  Terr.,  IV,  771  (1878). 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  found,  one  with  reverse,  by 
Mr.  Richardson,  the  other  by  myself.  Mr.  Richardson's  specimen  is  very 
obscure  and  distorted,  and  without  the  aid  of  the  other  could  not  have  been 
determined.  The  insect  probably  belongs  to  Corizus,  or  at  all  events  falls 
in  its  immediate  vicinity.     All  parts  are  rather  obscure,  but  the  head  evi- 


«:sr 


T 


IlKMIPTKKA-HBTEROPTKUA— PENTATOMID/T'). 


435 


dently  tapors  luid  is  roundly  pointed  in  front,  the  tliorax  narrows  gently 
from  behind  forward,  and  is  nearly  as  long  as  ])road ;  the  Hcutellum  is 
rather  small,  triangular,  the  apex  bont  at  a  right  angle  and  rounded.  The 
abdomen  is  ovate,  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  species  is  marked  with 
round,  dark  spots,  about  0.2'""'  in  diameter,  on  either  side,  one  at  the  outer 
edge  of  the  front  of  each  abdominal  segment,  and  one  in  the  middle  of  either 
transverse  half  of  the  thorax,  a  little  removed  from  the  outer  border ;  the 
anterior  ones  half-way  between  the  border  and  the  middle  line.  The  whole 
surface  appears  to  bo  very  minutely  granulated.  The  tegmina  can  not  be 
seen. 

Length  of  body,  5.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.4"'™  ;  of  abdomen,  1.65"'"'. 

From  its  form  I  f(»rmerly  referred  the  insect  doubtfully  to  Reduvius, 
but  its  size  alone  would  i)recliule  such  a  reference. 

Green  River,  Wyonn'ng.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  J3"  and  96*  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  4070  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

Family  PENTATOMID^E  Stephens. 

This  family  has  always  held  the  first  place  among  Heteroptera  in  Ter- 
tiary deposits,  but  with  the  publication  of  this  volume  its  place  is  disputed 
by  the  Lygauda\  This  is  due  not  only,  though  principally,  to  the  excej)- 
tional  abundance  of  the  Lygicida)  at  Florissant,  but  also  to  the  rather  meager 
proportion  of  the  Pentatomida,  as  will  appear  below.  In  European  deposits 
only  a  single  species  is  known  from  amber,  wliile  fifty  have  been  exhumed 
from  the  rock  deposits.  They  represent  only  four  of  the  nine  subfamilies, 
and  the  great  majority  belong  to  the  two  subfamilies  Cydnida  and  Penta- 
tomida, the  former  with  sixteen  species  referred  to  four  genera,  the  latter 
with  twenty-five  species  referred  to  six  genera  The  other  subfamilies  rep- 
resented are  the  Scutellerina  with  five  species  of  two  genera,  Pachycoris 
and  Tetyra,  both  at  Oeningen,  and  the  Acanthosomina  with  four  species  of 
two  genera,  Acanthosoma  and  Phlceocoris,  both  at  Radoboj.  Besides  these 
a  Pontatoma  is  reported  from  Greenland  and  a  Cydnus  from  New  South 
Wales.  The  American  forms  here  brought  to  notice  represent  only  the  sub- 
families Cydnida  and  Pentatomida,  but  in  reverse  proportion  to  what  appears 
in  Europe,  the  Cydnida  being  very  well  representeu  by  twenty-four  species 
of  six  genera,  nearly  all  of  them  by  a  nuipber  of  individuals,  and  one  by  a 
great  many,  the  Pentatomida  on  the  contrary  by  only  thirteen  species  of 


486 


TKflTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOIlTri  AMKRIOA. 


ten  jjenom,  iind  of  oiutli  of  tlu'so  spocinH  moro  tliiui  u  singles  i'xamplo  Iuih 
rarely  bueii  found.  VVIiili'  tlioroforo  tlie  previilont  Huhfainilics  iiro  tlio  Hanie 
on  the  two  contiiionts,  ono  hiw  Hcarc-ely  liiilf  hh  nmny  roprcHeiitatives  in 
Aniorlcii  nH  In  Kuropo,  whilo  tlio  other  lias  lialf  aH  niiiiiy  more. 

A  very  Htrikin^f  peculiarity  is  found  in  the  American  Pentatoniidii!  rh 
n  whole,  whether  Cydnida or  I'entatomida.  in  livin<>' forniH tlus  va.st  majority 
have  a  lon<^  Hcntellum  reaching  heyond  the  middle  of  the  ahdomeii,  and 
have  the  ti[)  produced,  forminf»'  a  paralhd-Hided  apical  lohe.  In  the  Ameri- 
can Tertiary  forms,  ho  far  as  yet  known,  with  only  a  single  exception,  no 
Huch  apical  lol)e  exists,  hut  the  scutellum  ends  with  an  angular  apex,  some- 
times a  little  rounded,  but  the  sides  perfectly  .straight  and  conHu(!nt  at  least 
in  the  apical  half;  besides  which,  or  perhaps  partly  as  a  conse(pience,  the 
scutellum  does  not  reach  farther  than,  sometimes  does  not  attain,  the  middle 
of  the  abdomen.  It  has  seemed  necessary  therefore  to  establish  a  conssid- 
erable  number  of  now  generic  groups  to  embrace  th-jse  remarkalde  forms. 
To  judge  from  the  illustrations  given  by  Ileer  the  same  thing  would  seem 
to  be  true  of  at  least  a  few  of  the  European  Tertiary  Pentatomida,  espe- 
cially of  those  from  Radoboj,  and  it  would  be  very  desirable  to  institute 
direct  comparisons  between  specimens  from  the  two  continents. 

In  our  general  remarks  in  the  introduction  to  the  Ileteroptera  we  called 
attention  to  the  close  relation  which  existed  between  the  proportional 
abundance  (in  the  number  of  specific  forms)  of  the  ^'^ur  principal  families 
of  Ileteroptera  in  Tertiary  times,  and  the  same  in  tl.^  existing  fauna  of  the 
self-same  region  A  further  illustration,  but  even  more  exaggerated,  appears 
by  using  the  same  guides  in  comparing  the  relative  numbers  of  the  Cydnida 
and  Pentatomida,  the  only  two  subfamilies  of  Pentatomida'  known  to  exist 
in  our  Tertiary  deposits  and  so  capable  of  comparison.  In  Distant's  work 
the  Cydnida  number  about  one-sixth  of  the  total  number  of  Cydnida  and 
Pentatomida;  in  Uhler's  general  list,  one-seventh;  in  his  western  list,  one- 
fourth  ;  the  increasing  number  thus  shown  in  the  region  where  the  fossils 
occur  is  vastly  exaggerated  in  their  relative  representation  in  the  rocks, 
this  l)eing  two-thirds  the  whole. 

Subfamily   CYDNIDA   Stal. 

This  subfamily  is  well  represented  in  the  European  Tertianes,  and  is 
indicated  as  occurring  also  in  the'  Australian  Tertiaries.  All  of  the  Euro- 
pean species  are  from  the  rocks  (none  from  amber),  and. most  have  been 


t 


illiMIl'TKUA— lIKTKItOPTERA— PENTATOMIDJ!. 


437 


roforred  to  two  diHtliiRt  gonora,  Cydnopais  \vith  eleven  spociew  from  Oonin- 
goii,  Uadoboj,  and  Aix,  and  Neurocorin  with  two  from  Radoboj.  Cydnus 
Ih  re  prose  ntiul  by  a  Hpecies  at  Oeniiifjon  and  anotlier  at  Aix,  and  Hrachy- 
pelta  one  at  Krottennee.  Neither  of  these  extinct  j^onerie  types  occurs  in 
our  -rertiaries,  where  this  subfamily  is  far  more  prolific  than  in  Europe  and 
far  surpasses  the  Pentatomida.  With  the  exception  of  a  couple  of  forms, 
represented  each  by  a  single  specimen,  and  whicii  are  nferred  to  modern 
types,  Cyrtonionus  and  Discostonia,  all  the  others  are  remarkable  for  differ- 
ing apparently  from  nearly  all  living  types  and  also  from  the  known  fossil", 
in  the  short  and  accurately  triangular  scutellum,  agreeing  in  this  respect  with 
the  ^''lorissant  Pentatoinida,  and,  as  there,  necessitating  the  establishment  of 
several  new  generic  groups.  These,  however,  are  more  prolific  in  species, 
and  the  species  in  individuals,  than  is  the  case  with  the  Pentatomida. 

Table  of  the  fienera  of  Cydnida. 

Body  less  than  10  millimeterH  long. 

Sciitellniii  triuugulnr,  uot  iiroUucod  Jt  the  apex,  as  broad  as  Ion;. 

Head  di-eplysunk  in  tbu  thorax,  the  dupth  of  the  oniargiuation  ol' the  thorax  embracing  it  beiug 
nearly  or  tinite  half  its  width. 

Body  more  than  twice  n»   long  as  broad 1.  Stenopella. 

Body  less  thni>  twi(!n  aH  long  as  broad 2.  Vrueydmiii, 

Head  snnk  but  little  iu  the  thorax,  almost  wholly  free. 

Anterior  lateral  angles  of  the  thorax  rounded,  so  that  the  head  projects  but  little  beyond 

the  general  curve  ol'lhii  body  3,  Necrocijdnut, 

Anterior  lateral  angles  of  the  thorax  prominent,  the  head  out  of  direct  relation  to  the  curve 

of  the  body 4.  Thiibomemis. 

Scutellum  produced  into  a  lobe  at  apex,  distinctly  longer  than  broad r>.  Cjirlomeniin, 

Body  more  than  15  niillinieters  long H.  Diacoatoma. 


1.  STENOPELTA  gen.  nov.  (areyi'?,  TrdXrtf). 

Body  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  with 
broadly  rounded  ends,  the  anterior  curve  broken  by  the  head,  one-half  of 
which  is  advanced  beyond  its  outline,  the  other  half  sunken  in  the  thorax, 
which  is  deeply  eniarginate  to  receive  it ;  the  eyes,  which  are  moderately 
large,  globular,  and  central,  are  thus  brought  to  the  edge  of  the  thorax ;  in 
front  of  the  eyes  the  head  is  rounded  with  a  slight  angulation,  the  whole 
nearly  circular ;  the  ocelli  are  large  and  situated  behind  and  within  the 
eyes.  Thorax  subquadrangular,  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  anterior 
lateral  angles  prominent  but  rounded,  the  basal  margin  truncate.  Scutellum 
moderate,  triangular,  with  perfectly  straight  sides,  nearly  half  as  broad 
again  as  long,  reaching  less  than  a  third  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 


438 


TKKTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOHTII  AMERICA. 


A  single  species  is  known,  from  Green  River,  formerly  referred  to 

iEthus. 

Stenopelta  punctulata. 

PI.  7,  Figs.  12, 13. 

^thus pitncliilatiu  ScumI.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  (Jeogr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  70t»-770  (l«78). 

I  rtj.eut  here  the  original  description,  although  it  contains  many 
generic  details : 

Hody  of  nearly  equal  breadth  throughout,  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  a 
liitle  filler.  Head  rounded,  small,  the  part  behind  the  eyes  rounded,  as 
deep  as  the  portion  in  front  of  them;  front  as  seen  from  above,  well 
rounded,  well  advanced,  subangulate ;  eyes  moderately  large  ;  ocelli  large, 
situated  close  to,  a  little  behind,  and  within  the  eyes,  and  about  one-third 
their  diameter ;  surface  of  head  minutely  and  obscurely  gnmulate.  Thorax 
nearly  equal,  slightly  broadening  posteriorly,  the  anterior  angles  well 
rounded,  the  front  border  very  deeply  and  roundly  excised,  the  hind  border 
nearly  straight ;  the  whole  fully  twice  as  broad  as  the  head  and  twice  as 
broad  as  long.  Scutellum  obscure,  but  apparently  of  about  ecpud  length 
and  breadth,  and  regularly  triangular.  Abdomen  well  rounded,  half  as 
lonsr  airain  as  broad.  Tejimina  obscure  or  lost  in  all  the  sj)ecimens  seen. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  minutely  granulate,  like  the  head.  Posterior  half,  at 
least;  of  the  abdomen  profusely  covered  with  shallow  punctures. 

Length  of  body,  ;5.75""" ;  of  head,  0.6""";  of  middle  of  thorax,  0.75"'"'; 
breadth  of  head,  0.8""";  of  thorax,  1.7"™;  of  abdomen,  1.85""". 

Green  River.  Wyoming.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  19'",  07",  74",  172  {F. 
C.  A.  Richardson;,  419;i  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

2.  PROCYDNUS  gen.  nov.  (7rp6,  Cydnus,  nom.  gen.). 

Body  less  tlian  twice  as  long  as  broad,  ovate,  with  extremities  more  or 
less  tapering,  especially  in  front,  by  the  more  rapid  narrowing  of  the  thorax, 
the  head  sometimes  completely  sunken  in  the  thorax,  at  other  times  half 
projecting  beyond  the  anterioi  curve  of  the  body ;  it  is  always  broader 
than  long,  though  sometimes  nearly  circular;  the  eyes  are  nioderately 
large,  not  very  prominent,  subceutral,  the  ocelli  large  and  situated  well 
behind  the  prod-iced  anterior  curve  of  the  thorax  in  the  deep  emargination 
for  the  reception  of  the  head.  Thorax  subtrapezoidal,  more  than  twice, 
sometimes  ihrice,  its  middle  length,  truncate  at  base,  the  sides  more  or  less 


^ 


i 


"ipppp» 


II  EM  1  PTEUA-UETEROPTli:  HA— PENT  ATOM  WM. 


439 


oblique,  and  arcuate,  the  front  lateral  angles  always  rounded,  sometimes  so 
much  as  to  disappear.  Scutellum  usually  small,  never  large,  triangular, 
with  straight  sides,  of  varying  proportions  but  never  longer  than  broad, 
reaching  from  less  than  a  third  to  one-half  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
A  large  number  of  species  occur  in  our  Western  Tertiaries,  all  found  at 
Florissant  and  one  also  at  Green  River. 

Table  of  the  species  of  I'rocudnus. 

Anterior  Lftlf  of  thorax  iinifonnly  dBpresued. 

Head  so  sunken  in  tlio  proMioriix  that  its  front  margin  forms  a  regular  oorve  wit»<  a.,  t  ui   'he 

thorax .,,  nus. 

Head  sensibly  projecting  beyond  front  line  of  bo»ly. 

Head  only  a  fonrth  the  width  of  tho  thorax 2.  P.  devicliis. 

Head  nmcli  less  than  half  the  wi«!ta  of  tlio  abdomen,  at  least  a  third  the  width  of  the  thorax. 
Thorax  scarcely  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  its  middle  length. 

Larger  species;  emargination  of  apical  margin  of  thorax  relatively  shallow. 

3.  P.  diecxiis. 

Smaller  species;  emargination  of  apical  margin  of  thorax  relatively  dceji  and  abrupt. 

4.  P.  quietus. 
Thorax  nearly  or  iiuite  three  times  as  broad  as  its  middle  length. 

Larger  species;  head  more  than  ouo-third  as  wide  as  the  body 5.  P.  reliquus. 

Smaller  species;  head  less  than  one  third  as  wide  as  the  body 6.  P.  vctiitriis. 

Headhalfthe  width  of  the  abdomen --'•  /'•  «a/o«i. 

AntoriorhRlfof  thorax  with  lateral  bosses 8.  P.  mamillanus. 

1.    PrOCYDNUS   PR0NU8. 
ri.  28,  Fig.  5. 

Head  rounded,  broader  than  long,  deeply  sunken  in  the  thorax,  its 
broad  anterior  curve  almost  continuous  with  the  rounded  sloping  lateral 
angles  of  the  thorax,  the  eyes  small  and  in  advance  of  the  middle.  Thorax 
shaped  much  as  in  P.  devictus,  but  with  a  broad  and  especially  deep, 
rounded,  almost  angular  emargination  to  receive  the  head,  about  a  third 
the  width  of  the  thorax ;  its  basal  margin  is  not  indicated  on  the  plate,  but 
should  unite  the  extreme  bases  of  the  hemelytra  in  a  straight  line ;  the  sur- 
face shows  excessively  shallow  crowded  punctuation.  Scutellum  very 
large,  triangular,  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  broader  than 
long.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  occupying  the  basal  three-nfths,  uni- 
forndy  coriaceous,  with  jmnctuation  like  the  thorax,  and  an  excessively 
delicate  impressed  submarginal  line.  Hind  tibite  densely  spined.  Abdomen 
very  broad  and  full,  scarcely  longer  than  broad.  Whole  body  black,  the 
corium  of  the  hemelytra  hardly  less  dark. 

Length  of  body,  5""";  breadth,  S.P"™. 

Florissant.    One  specimen.  No.  14426. 


440 


TERTIAliY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


2.    PrOCYDNUS   DEVICTU8. 


PI.  28,  Fig.  4. 

Head  minute,  subcircular,  hardly  a  fourth  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  its 
posterior  third  sunken  in  the  thorax,  which  is  here  narrowly  but  rather 
deeply  emarginate  to  receive  it.  Thorax  scarcely  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
tapering  from  the  base  and  with  the  sides  strongly  arcuate,  so  that  the 
whole  is  nearly  semicircular  but  for  the  narrow  rounded  evnargination  (not 
shown  on  the  plate)  for  the  head ;  basal  margin  truncate  or  scarcely  con- 
vex ;  surface  perfectly  smooth  and  regular,  with  an  anterior,  transverse, 
arcuate,  impressed  line  opening  forward,  half  as  broad  as  and  one-third  the 
depth  of  the  thorax.  Scutellum  large,  triangular,  smooth,  the  base  fully 
three-fourths  the  width  of  the  thorax,  nearly  three-fourths  as  long  as  broad, 
and  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with  the 
corium  reaclii"g  h?lf-way  to  the  tiji,  uniformly  coriaceous,  testaceous,  with 
faint  nncl  shallow  equidistant  and  rather  distant  punctae.  Hind  tihlse  densely 
spiny.     Abdomen  very  broad  and  full,  of  nearly  equal  length  and  breadth. 

Length  of  body,  5"'™;  breadth,  S.l""'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  11225. 


1 


3.  Procydnus  divexus. 

Head  imperfectly  preserved  in  both  the  specimens  at  hand.  Thorax 
shaped  much  as  in  the  species  which  have  preceded  this,  twice  as  long  as 
its  middle  length,  with  a  very  deep  rounded  emargination  in  front,  less  than 
a  third  the  width  of  tiie  thorax  and  three  tinies  as  broad  as  deep,  the  lobes 
beside  it  well  advanced,  the  surface  finely  and  closely  but  not  very  deeply 
punctate.  Scutellum  with  similar  sculpture,  the  apex  scarcely  less  tlian 
rectangular,  the  base  about  two-thirds  as  wide  as  the  thorax.  Hemelytra 
having  the  similarly  punctate  corium  occupying  fully  the  basal  three-fifths, 
the  full  and  well  rounded  abdomen  of  equal  length  and  breadth  and  punc- 
tate. Hind  tibia?  very  slender  and  rather  feebly  spined.  Whole  body 
uniformly  blackish  brown. 

Length,  4.7"'"' ;  breadth,  3""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  2132,  13154. 


^S> 


HEMIPTERA— HETE  ROPTE  R  A— PBNTATOM ID^. 


4.  Procydnus  quietus. 


441 


Head  nearly  one-half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  well  rounded,  half  as  broad 
again  as  long.  Thorax  subtrapezoidal,  tapering  from  the  base  at  first 
slightly,  afterwards  a  little  more  rapidly,  so  that  the  sides  are  a  little  arcuate, 
and  the  rounded  anterior  lateral  lobes  rather  prominent  from  the  deej)  almost 
angular  eniargination  of  the  front,  which  is  hardly  more  than  a  third  the 
width  of  thorax,  and  only  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  deep ;  surface 
apparently  smooth,  punctate  along  the  lateral  margin.  Scutellum  nearly 
two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen,  the  apex  nearly  rectangular,  the  surface  punctate,  somewhat 
shorter  than  broad.  Hemelytra  with  the  coriaceous  corium  hardly  occupy- 
ing more  than  half  the  wing,  serially  punctate,  of  a  testaceous  color,  the 
membrane  faintly  infumated.  Tibia;  densely  spiny.  Abdomen  full,  broadly 
rounded,  a  little  longer  than  broad. 

Ler'fjth,  4.1-4..'>'"'" ;  breadth,  2.4-2.6""". 

Florissant.  Eight  specimens,  Nos.  2060,  6812,  7652,  10092,  10174, 
10531,  12771,  14186. 

5.  Peocydnus   reliquus. 

Head  rounded,  broader  than  long,  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Thorax  nearly  three  times  as  broad  as  its  middle  1  ngth,  tapering  from  the 
base,  the  sides  considerably  arcuate,  with  scarcely  any  sign  of  an  anterior 
lateral  shuulder,  the  emargination  of  the  anterior  border  half  as  broad  as 
the  base  oi  the  thorax,  shallow  and  uniform,  followed  by  a  median  ai'cuate 
sulcation  half  as  broad  as  the  emargination  and  equally  deep ;  the  surface 
is  apparently  quite  smooth,  but  there  are  signs  of  punctuation  at  the  extreme 
lateral  margins.  Form  of  the  scutellum  not  evident,  but  apparently  exactly 
as  in  the  last  species.  Corium  of  hemelytra  reaching  considerably  beyond 
the  middle  Abdomen  full  but  considerably  longer  than  broad.  Whole 
body  uniformly  dark,  the  corium  of  hemelytra  dark  testaceous. 

Length,  5.5"" ;  breadth,  3""». 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  434. 


IVd 


442 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


6.  Procyunits   vespebus. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  15. 

Head  tolerably  large,  rounded,  broader  tban  long,  together  with  the 
projecting  eyes  more  than  a  third  the  width  of  the  thorax.  Thorax  almost 
or  quite  three  times  as  broad  as  the  middle  length,  the  shape  very  much  as 
in  the  preceding  species,  with  an  equally  broad  but  much  deeper  emargina- 
tion  of  the  front,  the  surface  very  finely,  faintly,  and  densely  punctate. 
Scutellum  less  than  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  considerably  broader 
than  long,  the  ])ointed  angulate  apex  extending  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip 
of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with  a  rather  short  punctate  corium.  Tibiae 
heavily  spined.  Abdomen  full  and  broadly  rounded,  scarcely  longer  than 
broad.  Color  of  body  blackish  brown,  the  hemelytra  with  the  corium 
blackish  fuliginous,  the  membrane  faintly  infumated. 

Length,  4.5"""  ;  breadth,  2  65.""". 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  70,  145,  2464,  5612. 


7.    PROCYDNUS     EATONI. 

A  poorly  preserved  specimen  represents  this  species,  remarkable  for  its 
very  large  and  nearly  circular  head,  which  is  half  as  wide  as  the  abdomen 
and  scarcely  broader  than  long,  and  is  deeply  embedded  in  the  tliorax.  The 
latter  is  shaped  much  as  in  the  last  two  or  three  species,  nearly  two  and  a 
half  times  as  broad  as  its  median  length,  the  front  deeply  and  broadly 
emarginate  to  receive  the  head,  the  emargination  very  regular,  considerably 
more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  a  third  as  deep  as  broad.  Scu- 
tellum broad  and  short,  the  angulate  apex  not  at  all  less  than  a  right  angle, 
reaching  much  less  tlian  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  The  only 
signs  of  punctuation,  fine  and  dense,  are  on  the  broadly  rounded  abdomen, 
which  is  considerably  longer  than  broad.  Other  parts  not  clear.  The  whole 
blackish  brown. 

Length,  6.75"""  ;  breadth,  3.6"""". 

Named  for  one  of  the  pioneers  in  American  geology,  Amos  Eaton. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  3153. 


4» 


iiii. 


IVd 


HEMTPTERA— HETBROPTERA— PENTATOMlDJfl. 


443 


8.    PrOCYDNUS   MAMILLANU8 
PI.  7,  Fig.  19. 

Cydnusf  mainillanim  Soudd.,  Bull.  IT.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  770  (1878). 

The  body  is  broad  and  convex  in  front,  with  a  rapidly  tapering  abdo- 
men, scarcely  at  all  rounded,  even  at  the  tip.  The  head,  as  seen  from 
above,  is  nearly  circular,  shaped  much  as  in  Stenopelta  punctulata  from  the 
same  beds,  but  more  broadly  and  regularly  rounded  in  front,  with  the  cen- 
tral lobe  broad,  and  defined  by  rather  strongly  impressed  furrows;  the 
ocelli  are  large,  situated  just  behind  the  anterior  extension  of  the  thoracic 
lobes ;  the  surface  of  the  head  is  rugulose.  Thorax  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head,  and  more  than  half  as  long  again ;  the  sides  rounded, 
being  broadest  at  the  posterior  border,  narrowing  in  front  and  roundly 
excised  at  the  anterior  angles ;  front  border  very  deeply  hollowed  behind 
the  head,  leaving  prominent  front  lobes  on  either  side,  nearly  as  large  as 
the  head  and  strongly  mamillate ;  hind  border  nearly  straight  The  sur- 
face is  minutely  granulate,  besides  which  there  is  a  transverse  belt  of  rather 
large  and  distant  punctures  midway  between  the  mamillations  and  the  hind 
border.  The  scutellum  is  very  large,  rounded-triangular,  broader  than 
long,  and  granulate  like  the  thorax.  Cerium  of  tegmina,  which  occupies 
their  greater  portion,  obscurely  and  distantly  punctulate ;  abdomen  trian- 
gular, the  apex  bluntly  pointed. 

Length  of  body,  4™"' ;  of  head,  0  8""";  of  either  lateral  half  of  thorax, 
l.'dh""";  breadth  of  head,  l™"  ;  of  thorax,  2.4'"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No.  39  (F.  G.  A.  Richardson). 
Florissant,  Colorado.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  1925,  11760. 

3.  NEGROCYDNUS  gen.  nov.  {vexpo?,  Cydnus,  nom.  gen.). 

The  species  of  this  have  the  same  oval  form  as  those  of  the  preceding 
genus,  and  differ  from  them  in  little  but  the  relation  between  the  head  and 
thorax,  the  latter  very  broadly  and  shallowly  emarginate  in  front,  and  the 
former  consequently  embraced  by  the  thorax  to  a  much  smaller  degree. 
The  head  is  rounded,  always  broader,  generally  much  broader,  than  long, 
the  eyes  and  ocelli  as  in  Procydnus ;  it  is,  however,  sunken  to  some  extent 
in  the  thorax,  and  its  curves  and  those  of  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  such 
as  hardly  to  destroy  the  effect  of  h,  single  parabolic  curve  to  the  front  end  of 


I 


444 


TERTIAllY  INSKCn'S  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


the  bod}-.  The  thorax  is  generally  only  twice  as  broad  ivs  the  median  length, 
but  sometimes  considerably  more  than  that,  tapering  in  a  very  variable 
degree,  sometimes  rapidly  and  regularly,  but  always  with  a  rounded  curve, 
sometimes  so  slowly  as  to  leave  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  very  prom- 
inent, and  making  the  thorax  here  twice  as  wide  as  the  head ;  the  basal 
margin  is  truncate.  Scutellum  rather  large  and  especially  broad,  triangular, 
with  straight  sides,  always  shorter  than  broad,  and  yet  generally  reaching 
nearly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

A  large  number  of  species  are  known,  as  many  as  in  the  preceding 
genus,  all  but  one,  which  comes  from  Green  River  only,  being  found  at 
Florissant,  one  of  them  very  abundantly. 

Table  of  the  speoiet  of  Necrocydnui. 

Body  more  than  half  as  long  again  iw  broad. 

Thorax  cousiderably  morn  than  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length. 

Body  relatively  slender  ;  thorax  tapering  coUHlilerably,  the  breadth  at  the  bottom  of  the  apical 

emargination  abon*  three- fourths  that  of  the  basal  margin  1.  A',  citleaniits. 

Body  relatively  stout;  thorax  t.  ,  oring  but  little,  the  breadth,  as  above,  about  seven-eights 

that  of  the  bassl  margin a.  X.  gosiuteniiia. 

Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length. 

Thorax  ta])ering  considerably,  the  livteral  angles  of  front  not  prominent. 
Head  broad,  nearly  or  quite  a  third  as  broa<I  as  base  of  thorax. 

Smaller  species;  emarginatiou  oi  apical  border  of  thorax  deep,  half  as  long  as  greatest 

breadth  of  thorax 3.  ^.  torpena. 

Larger  species;  enmrgination  of  apical   border  of  thorax  shallow,  considerably  less 

than  half  as  long  as  greatest  breadth  of  thorax 4.  If.  Hlygiue. 

Head  relatively  narrow,  hardly  more  than  a  fourth  the  breadth  of  the  base  of  the  thorax. 

5.  N.  amyzonua. 
Thorax  tapering  but  little,  the  lateral  angles  of  front  prominent. 

Smaller  species,  hardly  exceeding  four  millimeters  in  length,  less  than  two-thirds  as  long 

again  as  broad;  .abdomen  full  and  rounded 6.  X.  aeiiioi: 

Larger  species,  mure  than  live  millimeters  long,  and  about  three-fourths  as  long  again  as 

broad;  abdomen  tapering  7.  N.  soliilatiia. 

Body  less  than  half  as  long  again  as  broad 8.  N.  revecliiH. 

1.  Nkcrocydnus  VULCANIUS. 

Head  rounded  triangular,  broader  than  long,  with  the  large  eyes  nearly 
half  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the  thorax.  Thorax  considerably  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  subtrapezoidal,  the  sides  tapering  so 
that  the  breadth  near  the  front  (at  the  bottom  of  the  apical  emarginatiou)  is 
about  three-fourths  that  of  the  basal  margin,  the  lateral  angles  rounded 
somewhat,  the  apical  emarginatiou  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  a  third 
as  deep  as  broad,  very  regular,  the  surface  uneven  from  the  elevation  of  the 
sides  in  front  to  irregular  bosses,  and  rather  coarsely,  faintly,  and  sparsely 
punctate.     Scutellum  small,  not  more  than  half  as  long  as  broad,  regularly 


I 


HEMIPTERA— HBTEROPTEUA— PENTATOMID^. 


445 


triangular,  with  straight  sides,  the  apex  scarcely  reaching  more  than  quarter 
way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  reaching  to 
the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  oidy  the  costal  edge,  but  that 
broadly,  coriaceous,  the  remainder  semidiaplianous  and  faintly  infumate 
like  the  membrane. 

Length,  4..5""" ;  breadth,  2.25""». 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  7399. 

2.    NeCROCYDNUS    OOSItlTENSIS. 

n.  7,  Fig.  22. 

Head  broad,  rounded,  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  with  the  rather 
large  and  prominent  eyes  fully  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  Thorax  more  tiuin 
three  times  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  subquadrangular,  the  sides  taper- 
ing only  a  little,  the  anterior  lateral  angles  well  rounded,  the  breadth  near 
the  front  (next  tlie  bottom  of  the  apical  emargination)  seven-eighths  that  of 
the  basal  margin,  the  apical  emargination  broad  and  shallow,  rather  more 
than  half  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the  tliorax,  and  hardly  a  tenth  as  deep  as 
broad,  very  regular ;  surface  even,  but  for  a  rapid  slope  close  to  the  sides, 
and  apparently  smootli.  Scutellum  very  large  from  its  breadth,  much  shorter 
than  broad,  reaching  nearly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Corium 
of  hemelyti-a  reaching  the  last  abdominal  segment,  rather  coarsely  and 
very  sparsely  granulate. 

Length,  4.65'""' ;  breadth,  2.5'""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  13,  Leslie  A.  Lee. 

This  is  the  only  species  of  Necrocydnus  yet  found  within  the  limits  of 
the  ancient  Gosiute  Lake.  • 

3.  Necrocydnus  torpens. 

Head  large,  well  rounded,  nearl}'^  twice  as  broad  as  long,  and  nearly 
two-fifths  as  bi-oad  as  base  of  thorax ;  the  antenna;  about  as  long  as  the 
thorax.  Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  tapering  con- 
siderably, the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  not  prominent,  the  emargination  of 
the  apical  border  half  as  long  as  the  basal  border,  regular,  and  moderately 
deep;  surface  very  finely  punctate,  e%'en.  Scutellum  large,  broader  than 
long,  tlie  apex  not  extending  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Heme- 
lytra with  the  corium  serially  punctate,  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 


446 


TKRTIAItY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


scg'meiit.     Tibial  lioavily  spined.     Whole  body  brownisli  fuscous,  the  coriuni 
of  heinolytra  fusco-castaneous,  the  nieinbrane  scarcely  infuniated. 

Length,  5.1""" ;  breadth,  3™"'. 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Noa,  441,  12998. 

4.  Necrocydnus  stygius. 

Head  twice  as  broad  as  long,  well  rounded,  two-fifths  as  broad  as 
the  base  of  the  thorax,  the  eyes  large.  Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  its 
median  length,  tapering  considerably,  the  sides  very  regularly  arcuate,  the 
lateral  angles  of  front  not  i)rominent,  the  emargination  of  the  apical  border 
somewhat  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  basal  border,  regular,  and  very 
shallow ;  surface  even,  a  little  roughened.  Scutellum  scarcely  more  than 
half  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  almost  equiangular,  the  sides  perfectly  straight, 
reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  the  surface  appar- 
ently punctate,  but  obscure.  Coriuni  of  hemelytra  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  antepenultimate  abdominal  segment,  punctate,  the  puncta;  serial  only  near 
the  sutura  clavi.  Tibiae  heavily  spined.  Abdomen  a  little  produced,  so  that 
the  posterior  curve  of  the  body  is  scarcely  so  broad  as  the  "uterior. 

Length,  6""» ;  breadth,  3.5""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos,  6654,  9947. 


: 


5.  Necrocydnus  amyzonus. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  16. 

Head  rather  small,  rounded  subtriangular,  nearly  or  quite  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  hardlj'^  more  than  a  fourth  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  Thorax 
twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  tapering  considerably,  with  rather 
strongly  arcuate  oblique  sides,  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  not  prominent, 
the  apical  emargination  regular  considerable,  rsither  deep,  and  very  broad, 
the  surface  of  the  thorax  even  and  very  finely  and  closely  punctate.  Scu- 
tellum nearly  as  long  as  broad,  fully  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the 
apex  reaching  about  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  surface  like 
the  thorax.  Hemel3'tra  with  the  corium  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment,  feebly  punctate.  Legs  densely  spined.  Abdomen  broadly  rounded. 
Whole  body  uniformly  blackish  fuscous,  the  corium  of  hemelytra  dark  cas- 
taneous,  the  membrane  clear. 


HEMirTEKA— UETEUUl'TEBA— PENTATOMID^. 


447 


This  is  the  commonest  fossil  cydnid  known  in  the  "  Amyzon  shales." 

Length,  4.25-5.1""";  breadth.  2.2-3.1""°. 

Florissant.  Twenty-nine  specimens,  of  which  some  of  the  best  are 
Nos.  1919,  2100,  4565.  4GG3.  4851,  7543,  9583, 1122G,  12068,  12987,  14221, 
14224. 

6.  Necrocydnus  senior. 

Head  well  rounded,  transversely  ovate,  nearly  a  third  as  broad  as  the 
thorax,  half  as  broad  again  as  long.  Thorax  only  twice  as  broad  as  the 
median  length,  tapering  but  little,  the  lateral  angles  of  the  front  prominent, 
the  apical  eniargination  considerably  and  tolerably  deep,  the  surface  appar- 
ently finely  punctate,  with  two  posteriorly  converging  shallow  and  faint 
sulcations  crossing  the  disk  longitudinally  from  the  outer  edges  of  the  eyes 
backward.  Scutellum  moderate,  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax, 
broader  than  long,  reaching  less  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  with  the  coriuni  punctate  in  serial  rows,  reaching  the  middle  of 
the  antepenultimate  segment  of  the  abdomen.  Tibia;  heavily  spined.  Ab- 
domen full  and  rounded,  hardly  so  long  as  broad.  Color  blackish  brown, 
the  hemelytra  with  the  corium  dark  testaceous,  the  membrane  clear. 

Length,  4""' ;  breadth,  2.5""'. 

Florissant.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  2732,  11566,  11793,  13155. 

7.  Necrocydnus  solidatus. 
P!.  28,  Fig.  13. 

A  stout  species,  fuller  in  front  than  behind.  Head  transversely  ovate, 
about  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  about  one-third  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Thorax  hardly  twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  tapering  but  very  little, 
the  lateral  angles  of  front  very  prominent,  the  apical  emargination  very  broad 
and  only  moderately  deep ;  surface  even  and  distantly  punctate.  Scutellum 
similarly  punctate,  about  two-thirds  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  broader  than 
long,  the  angular  apex  not  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  with  the  corium  apparently  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment.  Tibite  very  heavily  and  coarsely  spined.  Abdomen  subconical, 
pointed. 

Length,  5.6"™ ;  breadth,  3"". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  6967,  8840. 


448 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


8.  Necbocydnus  UEVECTUH. 

A  very  broad,  stout,  and  rounded  apeciea.  Head  rather  small,  well 
rounded,  at  least  half  as  broad  aj^ain  as  long  and  scarcely  a  fourth  as  wide 
as  the  thorax ;  the  antenna^  about  as  long  as  the  thorax.  Tliorax  about 
twice  as  broad  as  the  median  length,  with  strongly  arcuate,  somewhat 
oblique  sides,  which  curve  rapidly  on  the  anterior  half  to  the  ends  of  the 
apical  emargination,  which  is  hardly  one-third  as  long  as  the  basal  margin, 
moderately  shallow  and  very  regular ;  surface  even,  finely,  uniforudy,  and 
densely  punctate,  as  is  every  coriaceous  part  of  the  body.  Scutellum  nearly 
half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  considerably  broader  than  long,  the  scarcely  less 
than  rectangular  apex  not  extending  half-way  to  the  apex  of  the  abdomen. 
Hemelytra  reaching  as  far  as  the  tip  of  tlie  abdomen,  the  membrane  small. 
Abdomen  ver}-  broadly  rounded  jjosteriorly,  somewhat  shorter  than  broad. 

Length,  U)""" ;  breadth,  3.2""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  1581,  10844. 


w» 


T 


4.  THLIBOMENUS  gen.  nov.  (GXtfidjueyo?). 

This  genus  is  even  more  closely  allied  to  Necrocydnus  than  the  latter 
to  Procydnus,  and  differs  from  it  principally  in  the  still  greater  prominence 
of  the  head,  which  is  out  of  direct  relation  to  the  general  anterior  curve  of 
the  body,  the  anterior  emargination  of  the  thorax  being  slight  or  even 
absent.  The  head  is  nearly  circular,  generally  a  little,  but  only  a  little, 
broader  than  long,  the  eyes  central,  moderate  in  size  and  prominence,  glob 
ular,  the  ocelli  well  behind  them,  pretty  large,  and  as  near  each  other  as 
the  neighboring  eye.  "^I'liorax  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  subtpiadrate 
the  sides  very  variable,  but  the  tapering  usually  confined  to  the  anterior 
half,  or  very  much  stronger  here  than  posteriorly,  the  front  margin  but 
slightly  emarginate,  usually  also  very  broadly  rounded  or  subtruncate,  with 
a  strongly  arcuate  anterior  sulcation  terminating  next  the  sides  of  the 
head;  the  basal  margin  truncate.     Scutellum  precisely  as  in  Necrocydiiu.s. 

The  species  are  pretty  numerous,  but  are  known  only  by  one  or  two 
examples  each.  They  are  mostly  of  the  smallest  size,  and  all  come  from 
Florissant. 

Table  of  the  species  of  Thlibomenim. 

Outer  auterior  aiigleH  of  the  thorax  jiromiuent,  the  leugth  of  the  apical  margin  of  the  thorax  not 
greatly  less  than  that  of  the  basal. 

Thorax  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long 1.  T,  petreiiH. 

Thorax  Hcarcoly  twice  as  broad  ait  long 'i.  T.  parvus. 


HKMirTKKA— riETEKOrTKRA— PENTATOMIDJfi.  449 

Uiiter  anterior  aiiKle*  of  tbu  thorax  well  roiiudeil,  the  aiden  ooiiBiderably  oblique,  lo  that  (ho  aploal  U 
much  shorter  than  the  hafinl  luarRin  of  the  thorax. 
Head  broader  than  Iohk- 

Thorax  load  than  twice  aH  broad  on  loiift XT.  ptreunalHi. 

Thorax  more  than  twice  aa  broad  as  Ioiik 4.  T.  /ImiMu*, 

Head  hinger  than  broad 5.  T.  manr. 


1.  Thlibomeniw  PKTRKUB. 


i 

t 


Head  moderately  large,  about  a  third  as  broad  as  the  thorax.  Tho- 
rax ruthor  more  than  twice  aa  broad  an  long,  the  length  of  the  apical  not 
greatly  less  tliaii  the  basal  margin,  Hince  the  sides  do  not  greatly  taper  and 
the  outer  anterior  angles  are  prominent;  apical  margin  with  a  ver}-  gentle 
and  very  broad  eiiuirgi nation ;  the  surface  even  and  very  finely  punctate. 
Scutellum  moderate,  sharply  and  regularly  triangular,  about  two-thirds  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  broader  than  long,  extending  much  less  than  half-way 
to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with  the  corium  hardly  reaching  the 
middle  of  the  apical  half  of  the  abdomen,  heavily  punctate  in  serial  rows. 
TibitB  strongly  but  not  very  densely  spined.  Abdomen  very  full  and 
rounded,  fully  as  broad  as  long.  Color  black,  the  corium  of  hemelytra 
very  dark  castaneous,  the  membrane  infumated. 

Length,  4""" ;  breadth,  2.25™"". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  Sof)?,  6613. 


X 


2.  Thlibomenus  parvus. 
PI.  19,  Fig.  23. 

Head  small,  hardly  more  than  a  fourth  as  wide  as  the  large  thorax. 
The  latter  scarcely  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  nearly  straight,  scarcely 
oblique  sides  and  prominent  outer  anterior  angles,  so  that  the  thorax  tapers 
l)ut  little,  the  length  of  the  apical  being  but  little  less  than  that  of  the  basal 
margin.  There  is  a  slight  and  short  rounded  emargination  on  the  anterior 
border,  and  the  surface  is  even  and  very  shallowly  punctate.  Scutellum 
similarly  punctate,  very  short,  not  nearly  reaching  half-way  to  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen,  and  hardly  more  than  three-fifths  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 
Hemelytra,  with  the  corium.  easily  reaching  the  penultimate  abdominal 
segment,  more  coai'sely  punctate.  Abdomen  very  broad  and  rounded,  not 
nearly  so  long  as  broad.     Of  ;i  uniform,  griseous  color.     The  parts  in  front 


VOL  XIII- 


-20 


T 


450 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEIlldA. 


IS 


She 


of  the  head  and  following;  the  coriuin  of  tho  liomolytra  on  tlio  plate  are  for- 
eign to  tho  Hpeciinen,  which  is  not  well  represented  there. 

Lent'th,  3  25""" ;  breadth,  2.25"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  4562. 

3.  TnLinoMKNi  s  perennatits. 

Head  very  regularly  rounded,  considerably  broader  than  long,  about  a 
third  the  width  of  the  thorax.  The  latter  is  a  little  less  than  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  with  tapering  arcuate  sides,  the  outer  anterior  angles  well  rouiuled 
but  tolerably  prominent,  the  apical  border  gently  eniarginato  for  a  distance 
about  equal  to  a  third  of  Oio  base  of  the  thorax.  Scutelhun  rather  small, 
hardly  more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thftrax,  and  shorter  tiian  broad, 
extending  not  nearly  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  surface  and 
that  of  the  thorax  even,  with  the  faintest  and  shallowest  possible  punctua- 
tion. Corium  of  the  hemelytra  hardly  reaching  the  middle  of  the  apical 
half  of  the  abdomen,  very  sparsely  and  rather  faintly  punctate.  Abdomen 
broadly  semiovate,  of  equal  lengtli  and  breadth.  Color  a  uniform  testaceous 
where  the  pigment  is  not  removed. 

Length,  4"""  ;  breadth,  2.2:)"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  7841. 

4.    ThLIBOMENUS   LIM08U8. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  12. 

Head  precisely  as  in  the  last  species.  Thorax  trapezoidal,  a  .ittle 
more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  rather  rapidly  tapering  sides,  the 
apical  about  three-fouiths  the  length  of  the  basal  margin,  the  former  almost 
truncate,  with  the  faintest  possible  arcuation  throughout,  the  surface  of  the 
thorax  even,  faintly  and  finely  rugulose.  Scutellum  obscure  in  the  only 
specimens  seen,  but  apparently  large  and  triangular,  and  extending  half- 
way to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Corium  occupying  about  three-fifths  the 
hemelytra,  serially  and  distinctly  i)unctate.  Abdomen  well  rounded,  but 
distinctly  longer  than  broad.  Color  blackish  fuscous,  the  corium  of  heme- 
lytra fusco-testaceous. 

Length,  4.5°"°  ;  breadth,  2.6""". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  5723,  13683. 


J 


r 


IIHMIl'TKKA— HKTBROPTEttA-PKNTATOMID.*. 


r>.    TllLIUOMKNI'lS   MACUK. 


451 


Head  scarcely  longei'  than  broad,  small,  not  a  quarter  the  width  of  the 
thorax.  Thorax  several  times  broader  than  lonjf,  the  sides  very  oblique,  so 
that  it  tapers  rapidly  forward  and  has  the  front  broadly  rounded,  with 
scarcely  any  sign  of  emargination  opposite  the  head,  the  surface  oven  and 
apparently  very  coarsely  granular.  Scntellum  similar,  triangular,  more 
than  two-thirds  us  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  shorter  than  broad,  but  reach- 
ing about  half-way  to  the  ti[)  of  the  abdomen.  Hemolytra  with  the  coriuui 
rather  short,  coarsely  and  obscurely  punctate.  Abdomen  well  rounded, 
scarcely  longer  than  broad.  Color  of  the  body  black,  the  cerium  fuscoua, 
membrane  infumated. 

Length,  4"""  :  breadth,  2.5""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  2455. 


5.  CYRTOMENUS  Amyot  and  Serville. 

This  tropical  American  type,  with  four  or  five  species,  one  of  them 
found  in  our  Southern  States,  occurs  also  so  far  as  the  imperfect  remains  can 
determine  in  the  Tertiary  beds  at  Green  River,  where  one  species  is  found, 
remarkable  for  the  great  width  of  the  head.     It  is  the  only  fossil  known. 

Cyrtomenus  concinnus. 
PI.  7,  FiR.  14. 

Cyrtomemia  coneinnus  Scudd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  ()«ol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  769  (1878). 

This  species  is  represe  ited  by  a  single  specimen,  a  little  smaller  than 
C.  niirabilis  (Perty),  but  closely  resembling  it  in  general  form.  It  is  broadly 
ovate ;  the  head  large,  prominent,  well  rounded,  nearly  half  the  eyes  pro- 
truding beyond  the  margin,  the  ocelli  nearly  one-fourth  the  diameter  of  the 
eyes,  and  situated  next  the  hind  border,  very  nearly  half-way  between  the 
inner  margin  of  the  eyes  and  the  middle  line  of  the  head.  Thorax  twice  as 
broad  as  the  head  exclusive  of  the  projecting  part  of  the  eye,  more  than 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  front  margin  rather  deeply  and  regularly  con- 
cave, the  sides  considerably  convex,  especially  on  the  front  half,  the  hind 
margin  very  broadly  convex.  Scutellum  longer  than  the  thorax,  scarcely 
less  taj)ering  on  the  apical  than  on  the  basal  half,  the  apex  rounded,  half  as 
broad  as  the  base,  the  whole  about  as  long  as  the  breadth  at  base.     Teg- 


452 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


mina  very  faint,  but  the  coriuiii  apparently  tenuiuating  just  before  the  tip 
of  the  scuteUuni.  Extremity  of  the  abckinien  very  broadly  rounded.  The 
whole  surface  of  the  Lead,  thorax,  scutelluni,  and  probably  of  the  coriuni 
uniforndy,  very  profusely,  and  minutely  punctulate,  otherwise  smooth, 
excepting  that  there  are  also  faint  traces  of  a  slight,  transverse,  median  depres- 
.iion,  and  a  similar  longitudinal  median  depression  on  Hie  thorax. 

Length  of  body,  5.25""" ;  of  head,  l.-i""' ;  of  thorax,  l.S""™  ;  of  acu- 
tellum,  1.65"""  ;  breadth  of  head,  2""' ;  of  thorax,  3.5"""  :  diameter  of  eye, 
0.25™". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4190. 


6.  DISCOSTOMA  nom.  nov.  {Siauo?,  OTOfxa). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  Lobostoma  Ara.-Serv.,  preoccupied  in  mam- 
mals. The  genus  is  (>o..iposed  of  only  two  or  three  species  found  in  Cen- 
tral America  and  Guiana.  It  has  never  been  recognized  in  a  fossil  state, 
and  the  specimen  from  Florissant  is  referred  to  it  only  tentatively  until 
better  material  is  at  hand. 

DlSCCSTOMA  ''.    sp. 
PI.  22,  Fisi.  «. 

The  ventral  surface  of  an  exceptionally  large  cydnid,  showing  the 
abdomen  and  a  part  of  the  legs  and  little  more,  is  all  that  remains  of  the 
single  specimen  referred  hero.  l'"'rom  its  size  one  would  naturally  refer  it 
to  this  genus  or  its  neighbors,  which  contain  the  large.st  species  of  the 
group;  and  besides,  the  hind  i\h\vo.  are  furni.shed  exteriorly,  as  in  existing 
species  of  Discostoma,  with  a  single  line  of  fine  spinules,  the  oidy  charac- 
teristic available;  wiiether  the  tibia'  are  cylindrical  or  flattened  can  not  be 
iold.  The  abdomen  is  dark  griseous,  with  a  pale  rounded  semicircular 
spot  seated  on  the  outer  margins  of  each  segment,  separated  from  its  neigh- 
bors by  the  darker  incisures,  besides  which  the  a|)ical  margin  of  the  first 
segment  shows  a  narrow,  blackish  fuscous  belt.  Legs  pale,  the  spines 
blackish ;  oidy  the  basal  part  of  the  hind  tibia*  seen. 

Probable  length  of  Ijody,  18""";   breadth  of  abdomen,  8""";  length  of 
hind  femora,  ,f^.""". 

Florissant.     i)ne  specimen.  No.  234. 


HEMIPTERA-HETEUOPTEBA— PENTATOMIDJiJ. 


453 


Subfamily   PENTATOMIDA  Stal. 

This  group  is  one  of  tlie  mosi  prevalent  of  the  subfainilies  of  Heterop- 
tera  in  the  Eiu'opean  Tertiaries,  twenty-six  species  being  found  there, 
whicli  have  been  referred  to  six  genera:  A\,\\ii,  one  species,  Eurydema, 
our,  Eusarcoris  two,  and  lialys  two,  all  from  Oeningen,  besides  Penta- 
tonia,  which  has  been  accredited  to  Kadoboj,  Aix,  Salzhausen,  and  amber, 
but  especially  to  Oeningen,  where  nine  species  have  been  recorded. 
Besides  these  a  species  of  Pentatoma  has  been  described  from  Greenland. 

In  our  Westi  !■'  Tertiaries  remarkably  few  examples  of  this  group  have 
been  recovered,  considering  its  abundance  in  the  Old  World,  but  neai'ly 
evei'y  specimen  is  generically  distinct  from  every  other,  for  we  have  but 
thirteen  species,  and  in  only  two  instances  have  these  more  than  a  single 
specimen  each,  yet  so  different  are  they  that  they  must  be  separated  into 
ten  genera ;  only  one  of  these,  imperfectly  known  by  a  very  remarkable 
head,  can  be  referred  to  an  existing  genus,  for  in  all  the  scutellum  is 
remarkably  triangular  and  e([Viiangular  and  destitute  of  the  apical  exten- 
sion common  to  living  types.  In  this,  as  already  stated,  some  of  the  Euro- 
pean species  appear  t)  agree  with  them;  it  should,  however,  be  noted  that 
this  agreement  appears  %r  more  marked  in  Heer's  direct  illustrations  of  the 
fossils  than  in  his  resto  'ations  of  the  same  species.  Our  species  all  come 
from  Florissant,  with  a  single    xception. 


Ttthle  of  ihe  genera  of  Pcniatomida. 

hitrnociiliir  part  of  head  Iosh  tliiiii  two  mid  ii  lialftiiiios  as  long  as  broad. 

Apex  of  MCntoUiiiii  reaidiiii};  diHliiu-tly  Ii'sh  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  tho  abdoiupti. 

Head  in  front  of  ojcn  iiuadralc.  tlid  tvliiiii  and  jiiga  of . 'similar  longlh 1.  Tileonchiiitu$. 

Head  in  front  of  eyes  laperin;;,  tlie  lylnin  surpassing  tlie  jii{;a 2.  Thmluachiiiliit. 

Apex  of  scutelluui  reachin;;  half-way  to  ihii  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
Thorax  leas  than  throe  tinieH  as  liioad  a»  long. 

Body  regiilarly  ovale  throughout :{.  Voteschiattm. 

Body  with  i)araliel  or  nearly  parallel  sides. 

Heailsliorter  llian  middle  of  t lie  tliorax  and  more  than  half  its  width.. 4.  CacotchialHS. 
Head  lunger  tluui  tho  middle  of  the  tliorax  and  slighlly  less  than  half  as  wide  as  the 

tliorax 5.  Malceotohiatut. 

Thorax  three  or  luoro  than  three  times  as  broad  as  long. 

Body  at  least  half  as  long  .again  as  tho  width  of  the  abdomen. 
Posterior  lateral  angle.H  of  thorax  proniiueut. 

Sides  ol  thorax  in  front  id'  lateral  promiuences  concave 6.  PoUoichMut. 

Sides  ol  thorax  in  front  id' lateral  prominences  convex 7.  rnilntomiliii. 

Posterior  lateral  angles  of  iborax  not  prom  nent H   2'irftohutuii. 

Body  loss  lliaii  half  as  nnig  again  as  the  width  oltlie  alidonieu U.  Thlimmoachialiia. 

Intraocular  part  of  head  t  svo  and  a  u  itf  times  as  long  us  broad 10.  Mevooepliata. 


I 


III 


li'- 

m 


454 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMEKIOA. 


1.  TELEOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov.  (t-Aco?,  axiord?). 

Head  of  moderate  size,  nearly  lialf  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  dis- 
tinctly broader  than  long,  scarcely  longer  than  the  intraocular  width,  the 
portion  in  front  of  the  eyes  subquadrate,  witji  broadly  rounded  front, 
rounded  angles,  the  tyluni  and  juga  of  equal  length.  Rostrum  reaching, 
as  seen  through  the  specimen,  opposiie  a  point  a  little  i)eyond  the  base  of 
the  scutellum.  The  thorax  is  pentagonal,  the  base  at  least  half  as  long 
again  as  the  straight,  oblique,  posterior  lateral  margins,  the  nearly  straight 
but  slightly  convex  anterior  lateral  margins  at  right  angles  to  the  posterior 
and  a  little  longer  than  they,  the  apical  border  emarginatc,  for  its  whole 
length  for  the  reception  of  the  head,  and  less  than  half  as  long  as  the 
breadth  of  the  widest  part  of  the  thorax  and  scarcely  shorter  than  the 
middle  length  of  the  thorax.  Scutellum  triangular,  vaulted,  of  nearly  equal 
length  and  breadth,  the  tip  angulate  and  not  jiroduced,  reaching  less  than 
half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Mesosternum  much  longer  than  the 
metasternum,  the  coxal  cavities  of  the  two  hinder  pairs  of  legs  con'iguous, 
separated  only  by  a  common  paries. 

Three  species  are  known,  one  of  them  from  Britisli  Columbia,  the 
others  from  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  ipecies  of  2'ehoschi»t:is. 

ScateUum  reaching  very  nearly  balf-wiiy  to  the  tip  of  the  alxloiiii'ii 1.  T.  an«gMM«. 

Soatellum  reaching  bare'.y  two-fifths  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdoniou. 

Punctuation  of  costal  margin  of  f  oriiini  clustered  along  the  edge,  leaving  an  open  snbniarginal 
streak  free  of  punctures 2.  T.  rigoralun. 

Pnoctuatioii  of  costal  margin  of  corinra  uniform ..,.,.. 3.  T.  placatiin. 


\ 


1.  Teleoschistus  antiquus. 

PL  2,  Figs.  17-19. 

JiutchMus  antiquuB  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Smv.  Can..  1876-1877,  459-4til  (l'*78). 

The  principal  specimen  is  unusually  perfect,  and  appears  to  be  a  male. 
The  head  is  slightly  longer  than  broad,  equal  beyond  the  expanding  base, 
oroadly  rounded  and  somewhat  flattened  in  front ;  the  slight  carin.T  marking 
the  borders  of  the  middle  lobe  are  parallel  throuj^hout  and  extend  to  the  front 
f  the  head.  The  thorax  is  so  imperfectly  preserved  as  to  throw  doubt  upon 
tl".  generic  affinities  of  the  insect,  but  it  appears  to  have  been  more  than 
■  wice  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  median  furrow,  and  its  front  margin  very 
slightly  concave  behind  the  head ;  probably,  also,  it  was  considerably  pro- 


w 


^ 


HEMlPTEltA— HETEKOPTEllA— PENTATOMIDJS. 


455 


duced  at  the  hinder  lateral  angles,  and  had  its  lateral  margin  slightly  den- 
ticulate anteriorly.  The  scutellum  is  large,  a  little  narrower  than  the  breadth 
of  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  of  nearly  equal  length  and  breadth,  pretty  regu- 
larly triangular,  but  with  a  slight  eniargination  of  the  sides  on  then'  basal 
half;  the  tip  bluntly  pointed  and  rounded  off,  extending  a  little  way  upon 
the  middle  of  the  strongly  advanced  fourth  abdominal  segment.  The  sur- 
face of  the  head,  prothorax,  and  scutellum  is  covered  pretty  uniformly  and 
abundantly  with  distinct  round  punctures,  which  are,  however,  deepest, 
most  sharply  defined,  and  so  abundant  as  nearly  to  occupy  the  entire  sur- 
face, on  the  front  half  of  the  head  and  next  the  margins  of  the  prothorax. 
The  corium  of  the  tegmina  includes  more  than  half  the  wing,  and  is  covered 
with  punctures,  deeply  impressed,  and  much  niirmter  and  more  frequent 
than  on  the  scutellum ;  there  is  also  a  distinct  vein  passing  down  the  middle, 
a  little  to  one  side,  and  another  separating  the  davus  from  the  corium,  but 
distinct  on  the  specimen  only  apically,  where  it  is  continuous  with  the  inner 
margin  of  the  membrane.  The  meo'brane  is  well  rounded,  but  slightly  pro- 
duced at  the  outer  angle,  and  the  space  is  occupied  by  nine  nearly  longi- 
tudinal veins,  distributed  in  three  sets  of  three  each  :  tiie  first  set  is  composed 
of  three  obscure  veins,  pretty  close  together  next  the  inner  edge,  originating 
from  the  same  point,  equidistant  from  one  another,  the  innermost  hugging 
the  inner  margin ;  from  apparently  the  same  point  originates  the  next 
cluster,  starting  in  a  single  vein,  which  almost  immediately  forks,  and  sends 
its  innermost  branch  parallel  to  those  mentioned ;  the  other  branch  diverges 
strongly  from  it  and  again  forks,  the  two  branches  ruiming  parallel  to  the 
first ;  while  from  opposite  the  point  of  origin  of  the  last  foi'k  the  third  cluster 
*akes  its  rise,  starting  as  a  shouldered  vein,  which  forks  at  its  shoulder  into 
two  slightly  divergent  veins  which  run  subparallel  to  the  previous  veins;  but 
the  innermost  of  these  again  forks  beyond  its  middle,  crowding  the  veins 
together  at  this  point.  There  is  also  a  short,  tenth,  independent  vein  close  to 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  produced  coriaceous  field.  The  outer  margin  of 
the  wing  is  delicately  wrinkled  with  a  simulation  of  veinlets.  The  abdomen 
is  ovate,  somewhat  regularly  tapering  at  its  outer  half;  the  apex  obscure 
but  apparently  regularly  rounded  ;  the  pleurae  are  punctured  like  the  scu- 
tellum, while  the  dorsal  surface  is  minutely  and  profusely  but  obscurely 
punctulate.  Such  portions  of  the  chitine  as  remain  are  of  an  intense  black. 
The  specimen  is  apparently  a  mnle,  but  whether  two  small  triangular  pieces, 


456 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


nearly  equiangular,  following  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sixth  abdominal 
segment  laterally,  are  to  be  considered  the  anal  cerci  is  doubtful. 

Directly  beside  this  specimen,  and,  in  fact,  partly  underlying  it,  are  the 
abdomen  and  part  of  the  sternum  of  another  insect,  which,  although  much 
smaller,  should  doubtless  be  regarded  as  the  female  of  the  same  specie.^. 
This  abdomen  represents  an  under  surface ;  it  is  very  rounded  and  ovate, 
the  extremity  well  rounded,  the  sixth  segment  represented  by  a  circular 
fissured  plate.  The  sides  of  the  abdomen  are  punctulate,  as  in  the  other 
specimen,  but  the  punctulation  dies  out  before  reaching  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen.  Little  can  be  said  of  the  other  parts  of  the  body,  excepting  that 
the  rostrum  appears  to  terminate  at  the  front  limit  of  the  middle  coxae,  and 
the  sternal  parts  of  the  thorax  are  coarsely  punctate  as  above  and  more  par- 
ticularly at  the  margins  of  the  separate  pieces. 

Length  of  the  malf  15'°'";  of  head,  2.9'"'";  breadth  of  same  beyond 
the  base,  2.4""";  length  of  thorax,  3.25""";  of  tegmina,  11'"'";  breadth  of 
same  near  tip,  4.35"'" ;  length  of  scutellum,  4.2'"'" ;  breadth  of  same,  4.5'""' : 
greatest  breadth  of  abdomen,  8'"'" ;  breadth  of  its  dorsal  face  at  tip  of  scu- 
tellum, f!"'".  Length  of  abdomen  of  female,  measured  beneath,  4""™;  breadth 
of  same,  5""';   width  of  fissured  plate,  1.25""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.     One  specimen,  No.  38,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 


2.  Tklkohchistus  uigoratus. 

PI.  28,  Fig.  14. 

Head  punctate,  the  punctai  moderately  deep  and  rather  sparse,  ab.sent 
from  the  extreme  back  of  the  head.  Thorax  irregularly  punctate,  at  the 
sides  very  deep  and  sharp,  on  the  disk  shallow  and  half  obscured,  every- 
where irregularly  distributed  and  rather  distant,  showing,  however,  a  tend- 
ency to  run  in  lines  in  various  directions  but  never  crossing  one  another  and 
generally  transverse ;  a  straight,  transverse,  slightly  impressed,  broad  sul- 
cation  free  of  punctuation  a  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  apical  half 
of  the  thorax.  Scutellum  jnuch  more  coarsely  and  more  bluntly  punctate, 
reaching  barely  two-fiiihs  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  with 
the  corium  punctate  like  the  thorax,  but  distinct  and  sharp  throughout,  the 
punct«;  along  the  costal  vnargiu  clustered  next  the  edge,  leaving  an  open, 
naiTOW,  subnvirginal  space  free  of  punctuation.  Whole  body  uniform 
griseous. 


1 


H  EMIPTBBA—HETEKOITEKA— PENT  ATOM  ID.Ii. 


457 


1 


Fiength,  16.7/>""";  breadth  j'toss  base  of  closed  hemelytra,  7.5°"". 
Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos,  8H66,  12072. 

3.    'rEI.EOSCin.STUS    I'LACATIKS. 
PI,  28,  Fig.  3. 

Head  not  preserved  on  the  sinjjfle  specimen  known.  Thorax  bluntly 
punctate  throughout,  mostly  rather  coarsely,  besides  which  the  surface  is 
more  or  less  roughened  except  just  in  advance  of  the  scutellum,  where  it  is 
smooth,  and  the  punctiw  rather  fine  and  a  little  shar[)er.  8cutellum  reach- 
ing barely  two-fifths  way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  uniformly  punctate 
throughout  like  the  greater  part  of  the  thorax.  CJorium  of  hemelytra 
rather  sharply,  deeply,  very  uniformly  and  not  very  sparsely  punctate,  the 
punctJB  with  a  tendency  to  a  longitudinal  arrangement.  Body  grisoous, 
corium  of  hemelytra  griseo-castaneous,  the  clavus  and  costal  field  of  corium 
darker,  a  pallid  line  following  the  sutiu-a  davi,  and,  less  distinctly,  the  lower 
edge  of  the  principal  costal  vein  and  the  outer  margin  of  the  broadly  sinu- 
ous marginal  suture  ;  membrane  slightly  infumated  with  a  small  but  distinct 
dark  triangular  coriaceous  spot  at  extreme  inner  base. 

Length  (without  head),  12.75""" ;  breadth  at  base  of  hemelytrp,  6.75""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  5460. 

2.  THNP]T0SCH1STUS  gen.  nov.  (©k^to?,  GxiGr6^\ 

Body  moderately  slender  with  nearly  parallel  sides,  ffead  with  prom-: 
inent  moderately  large  eyes,  scarcely  broader  than  long,  less  than  half  the 
width  of  the  thorax,  scarcely  shorter  than  it,  the  portion  in  front  of  the  eyes 
as  long  as  the  part  behind  them,  tapering,  subtriangular,  bluntly  pointed, 
the  tylum  distinctly  surpassing  the  juga ;  antenna?  with  the  basal  joint  not 
attaining  the  front  of  the  head,  the  second  apparently  just  longer  than  the 
thorax.  Thorax  two  and  a  half  times  brop/^er  than  long,  apparently  with 
a  slight  angulate  prominence  at  the  base  of  the  sides,  in  front  of  which  the 
sides  taper  very  rapidly,  forming  one  curve  with  tht  broadly  rounded  front, 
which  has  no  emarginatiou  for  the  reception  of  the  head.  Scutellum  tri- 
angular with  straight  sides  and  bluntly  angulate,  not  produced  apex,  con- 
siderably longer  than  the  thorax,  but  not  reaching  half-w^y  to  the  apex  of 
the  rather  elongated  produced  abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


458 


TEUTiAUV:  1NSE0T8  OF  NUKTU  AMERICA. 


Thnetoschistiis  revulsus. 
ri.  28,  Fit;.  0. 

Whole  body  griseous,  the  jngn  apparently  lighter  than  the  tyluni,  the 
merabraiiL'  faintly  int'iuuated.  Head  faintly,  sliallowly,  and  coarsely  punc- 
tate ;  thorax  distinctly,  rather  sparsely,  and  coarsely  punctate ;  scutelhim 
still  more  coarsely  punctate,  but  oth  ^rwise  similar ;  corium  of  hemelytra 
punctate  like  the  thorax,  but  less  coarsely  and  less  sparsely. 

Length,  U..')'""';  breadth  of  base  of  thorax,  6.5°"". 

Florissant.  One  s])ecimen,  No.  1.837,  collected  by  the  Princeton 
Expedition. 

;5.  P0TESCHISTIT8  gen.  nov.  (n-rfrt,  axiOT(i<). 

Remarkable  for  the  regularly  ovate  form  of  the  body.  fHead  imfortu- 
nately  wanting.]  Thorax  more  or  less  broken  and  crushed,  so  as  to  render 
its  precise  forin  indeterminable,  but  apparently  it  was  uniformly  vaulted, 
nearly  twice  as  broad  na  long,  tapering  from  the  very  bjise  with  no  lateral 
projections,  the  sides  .urcuate  and  tapering  pretty  regularly,  the  outer 
anterior  auirles  well  rouaded,  the  fipical  margin  less  than  half  the  width  of 
the  base,  gently  and  regularly  emaacgiiiate  for  the  reception  of  the  head. 
Scuniell4Xiiii  triangular,  uh  long  as  bi'oa*!  by  reason  <»f  the  arcuation  at  the 
bii«f  of  tht  otherwise  atniighr  sides  -die  rip  angniakte,  n<.-  in  the  lea.st  rounded 
or  produced,  reachiii-      ;i  !ialf-v  ly  to  the  tip  of  the  SKmiewhat  conical 

abdoxnen.  wirich  the  kMmelyxra  sumaae  a  little, 

A  Hivpie  iq>ecies  m  known. 

POTESCHISTTS    OltNUBILUS. 
n.  28,  Fig.  Ilk 

is  smooth  except  frir  an  exceedingly  sparse,  low,  and  incon- 
■Scutellura,  on  the  contrary,  very  coarsely  graiailate 


on 


iiMbsA  msi  iem  rtp«r»tely  ;  tbe  hemelytra  midway  between  the  two  and 
ndgrwkk^  iamm:   membranal  Hottirf  with  a  barely  perceptible  arcuation 

'  ig  ontwvnl,  lititl  the  otlu  rwi>e  clear  but  faintl}  veined  tnembrane 
fous  at  its  "  Mti inie  inner  base,  between  the  membranal  siiture  and  the 
end  of  the  claval  suture.  Whole  body  brownisli  griseou-.,  the  scutellum 
lighter. 

Length,  excluding  head,  13.7,V"'»:  breadth,  7.5""". 

Florissant.     One  i»i>ecimen,  No.  1472. 


%/M3 


t 


h 


^^^^ 


HEMIPTERA— UKTKKOrTEKA— PENTATOMIDJ*!. 


459 


4.  CACOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov.  (wa«o?,  axianU). 

.Closely  related  to  Miitieoscliistus,  from  which  it  ditterH  mainly  in  the 
structure  of  the  hv.iu],  whicli  is  hruath^r,  with  a  h'.ss  la-omiiicnt  front;  it  is 
more  than  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes  very  large,  the  portion  in 
front  of  them  scarcely  tapering,  not  so  long  as  the  eyes,  broadly  rounded 
apically,  the  tylum  and  juga  of  equal  length,  the  whole  head  but  little 
longer  than  the  intraocular  space.  Thorax  in  the  middle  considerably 
longer  than  the  head,  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  its  middle  length, 
tapering  from  the  very  base,  at  first  slightly,  afterwards  rapidly,  with  the 
outer  anterior  angles  well  rounded  l)y  the  arcuation  of  the  sides  and  not  at 
all  prominent,  and  posteriorly  with  no  lateral  projection  whatever,  the  apical 
border  rather  deeply  emarginate  for  the  reception  of  the  head,  the  middle 
half  of  the  emargination  hardly  arcuate.  Scutellum  triangular,  with  straight 
sides  and  an  angulate,  in  no  way  produced  apex,  which  barely  reaches  half- 
way to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  which  the  hemelytra  surpass.  Body  rather 
slender  (for  this  group)  with  parallel  sides. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

CaCOSCHISTUS    MACEHIATU8. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  2. 

The  head  appears  to  be  smooth :  the  thorax  rather  coarsely,  \ery  sparsely, 
and  irregularly  i^ranulate  ;  the  scutellum  and  corium  uf  hemelytra  simihu'h' 
but  more  closely  and  le«»  irregularly  granulate  ;  corium  of  hemelytra  long, 
the  membrane  hardly  occupying  more  than  ^  he  apical  fourth.  Whole  body 
blackish  griseous. 

Length,  including  heraelyt^^  14.75""" ;  breadth,  6™ 

Florissant.     ( >ne  specimen,  Nos.  13318  and  13319. 


F>.  MATiEOSCHlSTUS  get  nov.  {/xaraioi,  axiorS?). 

Of  the  general  form  of  Euschistus  l)ut  far  more  elongate,  with  parallel 
sides,  probably  not  far  removed  from  Mecocephala.  Head  broad  at  Ixise, 
the  eyes  being  large ;  Ijeyond  tapering  and  prolonged,  almost  exactly  as  in 
the  typical  Mecocephala,  the  tip  bemg,  however,  more  broadly  rounded,  the 
whole  head  twice  as  long  as  its  intraocular  breadth ;  tylum  apparently  a 
little  longer  than  the  juga:  first  joint  of  antenna'  not  nearly  Jittaining  the 


460 


TERTIARY  INSEOTB  OF  NORTH  AMP}RrOA. 


i|fl> 


front  of  the  head,  the  second  slightly  longer  than  the  head.  Thorax  in  mid- 
dle a  little  shorter  than  the  head,  abont  two  and  a  half  times  as  broad  as  the 
middle  length,  the  posterior  half  of  equal  width,  in  front  tapering  rapidly  by 
the  oblique  straight  sides,  the  apical  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  basal  mar- 
gin and  roundly  emarginate  to  receive  the  head.  Scutelluni  triangular, 
with  straight  sides  and  angulated  ape.x  in  no  way  produced,  reaching  half- 
way to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen.  Hemelytra  considerably  surpassing  the 
abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

Mat^:oschistits  limigknus. 

The  whole  body  with  the  antenna'  and  legs  blackish  or  blackish  gris- 
eous ;  the  outer  margins  and  sides  of  the  head  appear  to  be  darker  than  the 
central  portions,  the  corium  of  the  hemelytra  evidently  testaceous  and  the 
membrane  dear.  The  head  appears  to  be  smooth ;  the  thorax  is  coarsely, 
and  the  scutellum  very  coarsely,  granulate,  and  the  corium  of  the  hemelytra 
faintly  granulate  on  the  basal  portions  like  the  thonix. 

Length,  141)""":  breadth  of  thorax,  6""". 

Florissant.  One  .specimen,  No.  1.1095,  obtained  by  the  Princot(m  Col- 
lege ExpeJ.ition. 

6.  POLIOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov.  (TroXib?,  axiord?). 

Body  with  the  general  form  of  Euscliistus.  Head  of  moderate  size, 
the  part  in  front  of  the  eyes  subquadrate,  a  trifle  broader  than  the  intraoc- 
ular sjjaco,  the  tylum  and  jugfi,  of  ecjual  lengtii,  the  outer  angles  of  the  lat- 
ter a  little  rounded.  Thorax  very  short,  neai-ly  or  (juite  four  times  as  broad 
as  the  median  length,  the  posterior  part  of  the  sides  laterally  produced  to 
a  blunt,  stout  knob,  increasing  the  width  of  the  thorax  but  little,  the  sides 
in  front  rapidly  tapering  with  a  concave  curve.  Scutellum  large,  broad, 
triangular,  with  an  angulate  and  in  no  way  produced  apex,  reaching  half- 
way or  a  little  more  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

Two  species  are  known,  both  from  Florissant. 

Table  of  the  species  of  PolioKchistun. 

PiiiR'timtiou  of  corium  relatively  delicatt),  the  puuctie  usually  suparatetl  by  Diiicli  more  thau  their  own 
diameter;  hemelytra  1«sh  than  half  as  louf;  as  scutellum 1,  p.  Ugadia. 

Punctuation  ot' corium  relatively  coarse,  the  puuctie  usually  separated  byoulyso  much  as  orvery  little 
more  than  tlwir  own  diametvr  :  hemt>lytra  morn  thun  twice  as  long  aw  Mcutellum..a.  /*.  lapidariuf. 


I 


HEMIPTEKA— HETEROPTERA— PKNTATOMIU.K. 


461 


«9 


le 


1.    PoiJOHClllHTUS    LIOATUS. 
PI.  28,  Pig.  7, 

Head  distinctly,  latlier  deuaely,  and  not  very  coarsely  punctate 
Thorax  much  more  coarsel)'  granulate.  Scutellum  faintly  and  rather 
coarsely  punctate.  Hemelytra  less  than  twice  as  lonj?  as  the  scutellum,  the 
punctuation  of  the  corium  rather  delicate,  the  \mwtiv  being  usually  sep- 
arated by  much  more  than  their  own  diameter.  Whole  body  uniformly 
blackish  griseous,  the  membrane  of  hemelytra  infumated. 

Length  of  body,  11™"';  hemelytra,  7.5""";  scutellum,  4"'"';  breadth  of 
thorax  at  base,  5.25"""  ;  at  prominences,  6.7.^)""". 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  285fi. 

2.    POLIOSCHISTUS   LAPIDARIUS. 
PI,  28,  Fig.  10. 

Of  this  species,  evid«»tly  nearly  related  to  the  last,  only  the  scutellum 
and  one  of  the  hemelytra  are  ])reserved.  The  scutellum  is  heavily  and 
coarsely  punctate,  scarcely  shorter  than  broad,  apically  angulate,  with 
straight  sides.  The  hemelytra  are  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  scutel- 
lum, the  punctuation  of  the  coiium  much  less  coarse  but  distinct  and  deep, 
the  punctfe  separated  usually  by  only  so  much  as  or  very  little  more  than 
their  own  diameter.  The  scutellum  is  l)lackish  griseous,  the  corium  dark 
testaceous,  the  membrane  distinctly  infumated.     It  is  a  larger  species  than 

the  last. 

Length  of  hemelytra,  10"'"' ;  scutellum,  4.6""". 
Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  1112. 


7.  PP:NTAT0MITES  gen.  nov.  (Pentatoma  nom.  gen.). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  an  obscure  form  of  Pentatomida-,  which  can 
not  be  placed  with  any  of  the  others,  and  which  is  too  incomplete  to  char- 
acterize accurately.  The  head  is  nearly  half  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the 
thoi'ax,  with  prominent  eyes,  but  the  front  too  broken  to  determine  anything 
about  it.  Thorax  slightly  more  than  h^»,lf  as  long  as  the  basal  margin,  the 
sides  produced  into  broad  rounded  lobes,  which  increase  the  width  of  th«> 
thorax  by  fully  one-half :  in  front  of  the  widest  expansion  the  sides  are 


462 


TKUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEBIUA. 


arcuate,  convex,  merging  into  the  broadly  rounded  apical  margin,  which  in 
naiTowly  and  slightly  emarginate  for  the  reception  of  the  head.  Scutelluni 
('(juiangular,  with  straight  (and  not,  aa  given  on  the  plate,  convex)  sides, 
longer  than  the  thorax,  the  apex  bluntly  angular  and  in  no  way  produced, 
reaching  loss  than  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 
A  single  specios  is  known. 

Pentatomitks  foliarum. 
JM.  2H,  Fi«.   I. 

A  single  specimen  with  partly  spread  hemelytra,  both  extremities 
broken,  is  the  only  rejjresentative  at  hand  of  this  species,  which  differs  con- 
siderably from  all  others.  The  head  is  rather  tinely  and  very  sparsely 
punctate.  The  thorax  and  scutellum,  and  especially  the  latter,  are  much 
more  coarsely  but  (piite  as  sparsely  punctati',  vvliile  the  punctuation  of  the 
corium  of  the  hemelytra  is  between  the  two  but  rather  less  sparse;  the 
membranal  suture  of  the  hemelytra  is  rigidly  straight  and  marked  by  a 
dark  line.  The  body  is  blackish  griseous.  much  more  conspicuous  on  the 
scutellum  and  disk  of  thorax  than  elsewhere,  the  corium  of  hemelytra 
merely  infuscated,  the  membrane  faintly  infumate. 

Length  of  fragment,  1.')""";  probably  length  of  body,  16.6""":  breadth 
of  thorax,  !»"'"';  abdomen,  6.h""'\ 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  7929 

8.  TIllOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov.  (re/po),  axiffr^?). 

Head  rounded,  l)roader  than  long,  with  remarkably  little  projection  in 
advance  of  the  eyes ;  antenna;  about  twice  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax 
together,  the  first  joint  short,  barely  surpassing,' if  surpassing,  the  head,  the 
second  longest  and  about  aa  long  as  the  width  of  the  head,  the  third  and 
fourth  equal  and  each  about  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  second,  all 
slender  beyond  the  basal  joint,  the  fifth  unknown.  Thorax  transverse  and 
semilunar,  only  slightly  broader  in  advance  of,  than  at,  the  base  at  the 
hiteral  angulation,  which  is  not  at  all  prominent.  Scutellum  large,  triangu- 
kr,  simple,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  about  as  long  as  head  and  thorax 
together,  but  reaching  only  half-way  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 


t 


T 


HKMII'TKRA— IIKTKKOI'TKHA-I'KNTATOMIU.K.  463 

TiROSCHISTrs    INDURKSOENS. 
PI.  22,  Flff.  4. 

Hencl  finely  and  .  nsoly  fjfniniilate  ;  antoinia*  vorv  minutely  punrtnlato, 
with  an  oxceodin<fly  fino  median  carina  on  the  upper  surfaee.  Thonix  and 
Hcutellum  more  coarsely,  less  distinctl}',  an<l  more  sparsely  giuuulate,  the 
corium  of  the  hemelytra  still  more  obscurely,  so  as  not  to  be  noticeable. 
Head,  thorax,  and  scutelluui  blackish  or  black.  Corium  and  clavus  of 
hemelytra  very  light  colored,  almost  colorless,  with  the  base  largel}'  l)lack- 
ish  fuscous  and  the  apex  occupied  next  the  costal  margin  with  a  very  large 
roundish  fusco-castaneous  spot,  the  sutura  clavi  infuscated  and  punctate, 
the  membrane  ])allid  at  base  but  the  whole  ai)ical  two-fifths  or  more  occu- 
pied by  a  fusco-castaneous  cloud,  densest  basally,  fading  toward  the  edge. 

Length,  10.75""";  l)readth  of  base  of  thorax,  4"'". 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  11784. 

9.  THLBLVOSCHISTUS  gen.  nov,  {e\{/3co,  axiarO';). 

Head  moderately  large,  rounded,  half  as  broad  as  the  tliorax,  almost 
equally  long  and  brond,  the  front  rounded  and  not  produced  beyond  the 
rounded  curve  of  the  whole  head ;  antenna-  with  the  basal  joint  distinctly 
surpassing  the  front,  the  remaining  joints  very  slender,  the  second  longest, 
the  others  subequal  and  each  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  second,  all 
together  half  as  long  as  the  body.  Thorax  fully  three  times  as  broad  as  the 
median  length,  yet  tapering  from  the  base  with  no  lateral  prominences,  the 
sides  very  oblique  and  straight,  the  apical  margin  deeply  emarginate  to 
receive  the  head.  Scutellum  large  (not  shown  on  plate,  being  very  obscure), 
reaching  fully  two-thirds  way  to  the  tip  of  the  short  abdomen,  but  triangular 
with  straight  sides  and  an  angnlate  and  in  no  way  produced  apex.  Abdo- 
men very  broad  and  short,  the  extremity  very  broadly  rounded,  the  whole 
body  being  less  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  width  of  the  abdomen. 

A  single  species  is  known. 

ThLIMMOSCHISTUS   GKAVIIJATU8. 
PL  28,  Figs.  11,  19. 

Whole  body  uniforudy  rather  obscurely  and  sparsely  and  not  promi- 
nently granulate  and  blackish,     llciuulytra  the  «anio  but  only  pale  and 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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13  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)873-4503 


464 


TKKTIAItY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


more  or  less  infiimiited,  the  costal  margin  of  the  coriiim  infuscated,  and  at 
the  apex  of  the  same  a  large,  round,  blackish,  clondy  spot ;  membra)ie 
infumated  to  the  same  degree  as  the  corium,  but  the  apical  two-fifths  over- 
lain by  a  similar  black  cloud,  which  fades  a  little  next  the  margins  of  the 
wing. 

Length,  9""";  breadth  of  thorax,  o.5™"';    abdomen,  6.25"'". 

Florissant.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  8471,  10405. 


10.  MECOCEPHALA  Dallas. 

To  this  genus  belongs  a  single  living  insect  from  Uruguay.  It  is  the 
only  geiius  that  seems  to  have  been  published  in  which  the  head  is  pro- 
longed to  an  equal  degree,  which  tapers  throughout,  and  in  which  the  mid- 
dle lobe  is  not  surpassed  by  the  lateral  lobes.  Quite  similar  in  this  respect 
is  a  fragment  from  Florissant,  which  unfortunately  consists  of  the  head 

Mecocephala  sp. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  8. 

The  base  of  the  head,  including  the  large  eyes  but  not  the  parts 
behind,  is  a  little  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  but  in  front  the  head 
is  prolonged,  so  that  the  postocular  part  is  ?,s  long  as  the  entire  breadth  of 
the  head.  This  portion  tapers,  at  first  rapidly  until  it  has  reached  the  intra- 
ocular width,  then  gradually  to  the  apex,  which  is  scarcely  more  than  a 
third  the  intraocular  width ;  the  tip  is  roundly  truncate.  At  first  appear- 
ance, and  as  given  in  the  plate,  the  whole  seems  to  be  made  up  of  the  lat- 
eral lobes,  the  middle  lobe  being  in  fact  very  slender  but  enlarging  a  little 
at  the  apex.  The  whole  is  blackish  fuscous  and  the  surface  of  the  base 
coarsely,  of  the  frontal  projection  finely,  and  in  both  shallowly  and 
obscurely,  punctate. 

[iength  of  head,  5™"';  breadth,  including  eyes,  3.5""";  tip  of  prolonga- 
tion, 0.65"'"'. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  3007. 


In  working  out  these  fossil  Coleoptera  I  have  been  greatly  indebted  to 
my  friends,  Dr.  George  H.  Horn,  the  late  Dr.  John  L.  LeConte,  and  espe- 
cially Mr.  Samuel  Henshavv,  and  have  had  free  access  to  the  collections  of 
Mr.  Ilenshaw,  as  well  as  to  those  of  Mr.  E.  P.  Austin  while  in  Mr.  Hen- 
shaw's  keeping,  and  of  the  late  Mr.  George  D.  Smith,  for  all  of  which  I 
wish  to  expi'ess  my  grateful  thanks. 

For  the  remainder  of  this  volume  no  general  comparisons  are  presented 
undsr  the  different  groups,  as,  with  rare  exceptions,  none  of  the  Florissant 
species  are  described,  an.1  until  they  are,  the  American  fauna  can  not  be 
fairly  discussed. 


Family  ANTHRIBID^E  ^A^ate^house. 
CHORAGUS   Kirby. 

CHORAGrS   FICTILIS. 
PI.  S,  Fig.  9. 

A  single  specimen,  not  very  distinctly  preserved,  represents  this  species. 
It  shows  a  partially  dorsal  and  partially  lateral  aspect.  The  head  is  well 
rounded,  the  mouth  parts  triangularly  produced,  to  a  greater  extent  and  more 
pointed  than  shown  in  the  plaie.  The  antenna;  are  aj^parently  inserted  upon 
the  upper  surface  of  the  beak,  and  are  more  or  less  clubbed,  which  circum- 
stances have  made  it  seem  probable  that  the  insect  belonged  here.  The 
antennae,  however,  appear  to  become  thickened  into  a  club  throughout  all  the 
distal  half,  and  are  thus  different  fro  n  Choragus;  they  can  be  seen  to  be 
jointed,  but  with  such  indistinctness  that  the  number  cf  joints  involved  in 
the  club  is  uncertain.  The  thorax  is  quadrate  and  apparently  half  as  long  as 
broad,  wl  ile  tlio  exceedingly  obscure  elytra  are  seen  to  be  feebly  striate ;  the 

vol*  XIII 30  405 


I 


466 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  FORTH  AMERICA. 


body  is  unfortunately  broken  across  the  elytra,  which  has  given  the  draw- 
ing an  anomalous  appearance. 

Length  of  body,  2.4™"' ;  of  antennae,  O.S"™  ;  breadth  of  body,  0.75""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  106  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

BRACHY.TARSUS  Schonherr. 

BkACHYTARSUS   PRI8TINU8. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  26. 
Brachijtartm  priitinus  Boudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  87  (1976). 

The  single  specimen  obtained  is  very  poorly  preserved  and  frag- 
mentary. The  head  is  roundish,  with  siiiall  circular  eyes  0.08"""  in  diame- 
ter. The  prothorax  is  subquadrate,  considerably  larger  thau  the  head  and 
nearly  as  broad  as  the  body  at  the  base  of  the  elytra;  the  latter  are  broken. 

Length  of  fragment,  2.1"""  ;  breadth  of  same,  0.84"'"' ;  length  of  head, 
0.39""' ;  breadth  of  same,  0.4""' ;  of  thorax,  0  64"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  15216  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

CRATOPARIS  Schonherr. 

Cbatopaeis  eepertus. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  4. 

Cratoparis  repertus  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  768  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  shows  the  fragment  of  an  elytron,  which  is  referred 
to  this  genus  fiom  the  character  of  the  punctuation  and  the  arrangement  of 
the  striae.  It  closely  resembles  C.  lunatus  Fahr.  in  these  points,  but  must 
have  belonged  to  a  slenderer  insect,  about  as  large  as  C.  lugubris  Fahr. 
The.-e  are  eleven  strise  or  rows  of  pretty  large,  subconfluent,  short,  longi- 
tudinal dashes  or  oval  puictures,  deeply  impressed,  the  outer  of  which  fol- 
lows the  extreme  margin,  excepting  apically  ;  the  inner  stria  also  runs  very 
near  the  border;  the  intorspaceb  between  the  first  and  second  and  between 
the  second  and  third  strise  are  equal  and  a  little  broader  than  the  interspaces 
between  the  other  stri*  ;  the  inner  margin  is  delicately  grooved  next  tlie 
base,  as  in  C  confusus. 


T 


COLEOPTERA— ANTHEIBID^. 


467 


Lengtli  of  fragment,  4.3°"° ;  width  of  elytra,  1.6""" ;  width  of  interspace 
between  second  and  third  stria;,  0.21""";  between  third  and  fourth  striae, 
0.13™™. 

Grtc^  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  4035. 

CrATOPARIS   ?    ELU8US. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  40, 

Cratoparia  f  elutwt  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  768-769  (1878). 

To  this  I  refer  doubtfully  two  specimens,  neither  of  them  very  perfect, 
which  appear  to  belong  together,  and  to  represent  an  insect  allied  at  least 
to  Cratoparis  and  of  about  the  size  of  C.  lunatus  Fahr.  It  appears  to  have 
a  short  rostrum,  a  moderately  smaL  but  rather  tumid  head  with  circular  eyes; 
thorax  not  greatly  attenuated  anteriorly,  but  profusely  punctate,  with  mod- 
erately large  and  i-ather  shallow  jiunctures ;  elytra  arched,  nearly  three  times 
longer  than  the  thorax  when  measured  over  the  curved  back,  furnished  with 
slight  and  faintly  impunctured  stria; ;  the  surface  botween  the  striae  also 
punctured,  but  very  faintly. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"""' ;  of  thorax,  2.25""' ;  of  elytra,  5..5"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  4012,  4060. 

HORMISCUS  Waterhouse. 

HoRMISCUS   PARTITUS. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  17. 

A  single  specimen  showing  the  upper  su'  ""ace  of  a  minute  beetle  seems 
to  fall  in  this  immediate  vicinity.  Only  a  little  of  the  head  is  shown,  pro- 
truding as  a  rounded  mass  in  front  of  the  minutely  punctate  thorax,  which  is 
subquadrate  with  gently  rounded  sides,  scarcely  tapering  anteriorly.  The 
elytra  at  their  base,  as  throughout  their  basal  two-thirds,  are  together  half 
as  broad  again  as  the  thorax,  and  are  marked  by  straight  longitudinal  rows, 
of  which  eight  are  visible  on  each  elytron,  of  large  round  punctures,  about 
as  distant  in  each  row  as  the  rows  are  from  one  another. 

Length,  2.75""  ;  of  elytra,  1.8""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  0.9"" ;  oftegmina, 
1.4"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen  (Dr.  A.  >S.  Packiird) 


468 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Family  SCOLYTIDyE  Kirby. 
HYLASTES  Erichson. 

HyLASTES    I    SQUALIDENS. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  23-25. 
Sooljtidw  sp.  Scndil.,  Can.  Ent.,  XVIIT,  l!l4-l!)6  (1980). 

Prof.  G.  J.  Hindfi  sent  me  a  branch  of  a  conifer  obtained  by  him  from 
the  ir.tei  glacial  clays  near  Toronto  on  account  of  its  being  scored  with  insect 
tracks.  From  an  examination  of  the  cell  structure  Dr.  G.  L.  Goodale  has 
determined  it  to  be  the  branch  of  Juninerns  communis.  It  is  about  12.;V" 
in  length  and  13  by  18"""  in  thickness;  the  broader  surface  is  shown  of  the 
natural  size  in  PI.  1,  Fig.  23,  and  the  scorings,  which  over  a  considerable 
part  of  the  surface,  are  made  by  several  distinct  tracks  of  a  scolytid  larva, 
which  appears  to  be  referable  to  liylastes,  Phloeosinus,  or  some  near  ally. 
There  are  parts  of  at  least  six  different  sets  of  tracks  on  this  small  frag- 
ment, portions  of  all  of  which  may  be  seen  in  the  figure,  ann  are  marked 
by  the  different  letters  at  the  sides.  The  whole  of  that  seen  at  d  is  erdarged 
in  Fig.  24,  which  shows  a  little  more  than  can  be  seen  in  Fig.  23d. 

The  mating  chamber  is  more  or  less  triangular,  resembling  often  a 
shark's  tooth  in  form  (whence  the  name)  generally  equiangular  or  tridentate, 
the  apex  upward  (see  especiall}'^  c,  d).  Two  of  these  chambers  from  which 
no  main  galleries  take  their  rise  occur  on  the  stick ;  they  may,  however, 
have  some  other  explanation,  since  they  are  much  narrower  and  much  more 
deeply  excavated  than  the  other  mating  chambers.  Possibly  they  were 
unsatisfactory  to  the  constructor  and  left  unfinished. 

From  the  mating  chambers,  which  are  not  deep  and  are  about  3"'™  in 
diameter,  pass  the  main  galleries  ;  these  generally  run  obliquely,  but  more 
nearly  transverse  than  longitudinal  (as  in  Fig.  24),  are  subequal,  and  take 
their  rise  one  on  either  side  of  the  mating  chamber  at  the  lateral  angles  and 
run  in  exactly  or  .almost  exactly  opposite  directic^s.  In  one  case,  however 
(fi),  there  is  but  one  main  gallery,  and  in  anothei-  (/)  they  are  at  right  angles 
to  each  other,  one  being  longitudinal ;  but  in  this  latter  case  the  mating 
chamber  is  in  the  reverse  of  the  usual  position,  the  apex  being  downward. 
These  main  galleries  vary  from  1.5  to  8"""  in  length,  and  are  slightly  more 
than  a  millimeter  wide,  with  dentate  edges,  marking  probably  the  sinuses 
wlteJ'o  the  eggs  are  Isiid  by  the  parent. 


COLEOPTERA— SCOLYTID.E, 


469 


At  least  this  is  the  custom  with  tiio  mining  beetle^5 ;  but  here,  as  in 
some  other  rare  cases,  the  young  hirvaj  do  not  begin  to  mine  at  right  angles 
to  the  main  gallery,  but  all  start  from  one  spot,  either  the  summit  of  the  mat- 
ing chamber  or  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  main  galleries,  and  thence  burrow 
in  irregular  and  somewhat  interlacing  mines  in  a  longitudinal  direction  (see 
Fig.  24),  but  nearly  all  apparently  either  upward  or  else  downward,  not, 
as  usually,  in  ihe  two  directions  almost  equally.  Apparently  they  may  often 
turn  upon  their  course  again  and  again,  or  they  may  mine  in  an  almost 
perfectly  straight  line  or  in  a  tortuous  line  for  as  nnich  as  5"'",  in  the  whole 
of  which  distance  the  mine  w'U  scarcely  have  doubled  in  width  ;  indeed,  in 
many  cases  it  is  difficult  to  tell  in  wliich  direction  the  larva  has  moved. 
The  greatest  width  of  these  mines  is  scarcely  more  than  half  a  millimeter 
and  +hey  vary  greatly  in  depth.  The  depth  of  those  at  a  may  be  seen  in 
the  enlarged  drawing  of  this  portion  in  Fig.  25. 

The  connection  between  the  main  gallery  and  the  mines  is  often  ob- 
scure, owing  doubtless  to  the  younger  larvaj  burrowing  more  in  the  bark 
than  in  the  wood  (the  bark  bei»ig  here  entirely  lost).  In  one  case  (c)  there 
is  vi  mating  chamber  and  a  pair  of  short  galleries,  but  nothing  more ;  here 
apparently  the  mother  fell  a  prey  to  some  enemy  before  oviposition. 

This  mode  of  origin  of  the  larval  mines  seems  to  be  different  from  any- 
thing hitherto  described,  and  it  is  therefore  difficult  to  decide  to  what  minor 
group  of  insects  the  creature  constructing  the  mines  belonged.  In  tlie  Museum 
of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge  is  a  mine  of  Scolytus  rugulosus  on 
cherry,  which  shows  a  somewhat  similar  distribution  of  the  larval  mines, 
emerging  and  diverging  from  one  point  of  the  matiiig  chamber  ;  but  the 
main  galleries  are  reduced  to  almost  nt)thing,  and  the  figures  of  the  mines 
of  this  species  given  by  Ratzeburg  are  altogether  different 

This  specimen  is  one  of  those  branches  "  of  some  coniferous  tree,"  which 
Mr.  Hinde  in  his  article  on  the  glacial  and  interglacial  strata  of  Scarboro 
Heights,'  states  to  occur  in  the  layers  between  the  beds  of  clay  and  sand 
found  between  his  "till  No.  1  "  and  "  till  No  2,"  and  which  are  described 
as  "flattened  by  pressure,  their  edges  .  .  .  worn  as  if  they  had  been 
long  macerated  in  water."     Tliis  is  exactly  true  of  the  present  fragment. 

>  Can.  Jour.  So.  Lit.  Hist.,  XV,  388-413,  plate,  1877. 


I 


470  TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  IIOIITU  AMElilCA. 

DRYOCiETES   Eichliorn. 

DRYOCiETES    1MPRESSU8. 
IM.  8,  Fig.  28. 

Trupodendron  imprenms  ScuiUl.,  Bull.  U.S. ttool.Geogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  li,  SI  (IJ^^e); 
Dryocwtes  impremm  Scu.ld.,  Hull.  IJ.  S.  G«ol.  Qoogr.  S.irv.  Terr.,  IV,  ri,/-.OS  (1878). 

This  species  has  the  prothorax  punctured  iis  distinctly  as  the  elytra, 
and  the  punctures  on  the  elytra  show  but  a  slight  tendency  to  a  longitudi- 
nal arrangement.  The  punctures  of  the  prothorax  are  longitudinally  obo- 
vate,  a  very  little  more  fiequent  than  on  the  elytra,  equally  distributed 
throughout;  on  the  elytra  they  are  also  equally  distributed,  but  circular, 
about  0.04""°  in  diameter,  and  average  0.1"""  in  distance  apart ;  they  have 
but  an  obscure  longitudinal  arro,ngement  into  nineteen  or  twenty  rows, 
and  the  successive  punctures  of  each  row  are  at  about  the  same  average 
distance  apart  as  those  of  two  contiguous  rows.  The  species  is  of  about 
the  size  of  D.  septentrionalis  (Mann.),  but  has  more  of  the  markings  of  D. 
affaber  (Mann.),  although  the  punctuation  of  the  elytra  is  not  so  distinctly 
separable  into  longitudinal  series. 

Length  of  prothorax,  1.28™™  ;  height  of  same,  1.44"'"' ;  length  of  elytra, 
2.8""";  breadth  of  same,  1.24™"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Four  specimens,  Nos.  ir)218  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson), 4009,  4048,  4091  (Bowditch  and  Scudder). 

DBYOCiETES   CAKBONAKIUS. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  G. 

Dryocwtes  carbouariHS  Sc.dd.,  IJiiU.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  76ri  (1878). 

Another  species,  not  very  closely  allied  to  the  last,  is  represented  by 
a  single,  rather  mutilated  specimen,  which  is  pitchy-black,  and  consists  of 
part  of  the  head,  thorax,  and  elytra.  The  head  is  rather  long,  faintly  and 
not  very  closely  punctured,  the  eye  moderately  large  and  circular.  The 
thorax  is  proportionally  ionger  than  in  the  preceding  species ;  the  front 
margin  recedes  a  little  on  the  sides,  and  the  surface  is  subrugose  by  sub- 
confluent  punctures,  the  walls  of  which  form  wavy  ridges  having  a  longi- 
tudinal direction.  The  elytra  are  broken  at  the  tip ;  tlieir  outer  anterior 
angle  is  obliquely  excised,  and  the  outer  margin  behind  it  straight,  not  sin- 
uate, as  in  the  preceding  species ;  the  surface  is  rather  coarsely,  but  very 


i 


COLBOPTEBA— CUHOULIONIDJS. 


471 


faintly   granulate,    more   distinctly   next  the   base,  but   even   here  very 
vaguely ;  and  there  are  faint  indications  of  three  or  four  distant,  simple, 

longitudinal  strife. 

Length  of  the  fragment  as  curved,  4""" ;  of  head,  l.r"'! ;  of  thorax, 
1.3""";  probable  length  of  elytra,  S.irv- ;  width  of  same,  l.S""';  diameter 

of  eye,  O.Sr)"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  3999. 

Family  CURCULIONID^  Leach. 
CRYPTORHYNCHUS  Illiger. 

CrYPTORHYNCHLS   ANN0SU8 

PI.  8,  Fig.  3. 

Cryptorhnnclm,  annosu,  Sc.idd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  8li-S7  (1876). 

The  fragmentary  specimen  is  exposed  on  a  side  view,  with  head,  front 
of  prothorax,  and  all  the  legs  gone,  and  the  elytra  a  little  broken.  The  pro- 
thorax  is  profusely  and  uniformly  pitted  with  moderately  shallow  nits, 
averaging  .OG-"'  in  diameter;  the  elytra  are  traversed  by  longitudinal 
costa;?  five  of  which  are  much  more  prominent  than  the  others,  with 
sharp!  unbroken  edges  and  equidistant  from  one  another,  the  outer  ones 
iu  close  proximity  to  the  sutural  and  outer  edges;  the  other  costa3  are 
obscure,  slightly  elevated,  rounded,  broken  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  into 
raised  points ;  midway  between  the  first  and  second  prominent  cost*  (count- 
irg  from  the  outer  margin)  there  is  an  exactly  similar  prominent  costa  on 
the  basal  third  of  the  elytron  ;  the  prominent  cost*  are  0.2"™  apart. 

Length  of  the  prothorax,  0.88">-' ;  height  of  same,  1.04"-  length  of 
elytron,  1.96""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.08"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  15223  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

GYMNETRON  Schonherr. 

Gymnetron  lecontei. 
PI.  8.  Fig.  20. 

Gymnelron  leeonlei  Scudd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Gcol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  767  (1878). 

A  single  well  preserved  .specimen,  with  its  reverse,  lies  in  such  a  posi- 
tion as  to  show  a  partly  lateral  and  partly  dorsal  view  ;  the  legs  are  also  pre- 


472 


TEHTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTII  AMKHIOA. 


served,  so  tlmt  it,  is  one  of  the  most  perfect  of  tlie  CJrci'ii  IJiver  Ooleopteru. 
The  small  heutl,  long  and  slender,  straight,  and  drooping  snout,  the  tapering 
thorax,  broad  and  short  striate  elytra,  thickened  femora,  and  long  and 
slender  tibiaj  leave  little  doubt  that  it  should  be  referred  to  Gymnetron  or  to 
its  immediate  vicinity.  It  is  very  nearl}-  as  large  as  G.  teter  Scliiinh.,  with 
which  it  closely  agrees  in  rlmost  every  part.  The  tliird  tarsal  joint  is  simi- 
larly expanded.  The  real  length  of  the  rostrum  can  not  l)e  deternn'ned  from 
the  position  of  the  insect,  but  it  is  apparently  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax 
together,  is  very  nearly  straight,  slender,  scarcely  eidarged,  and  obliquely 
docked  at  the  tip  ;  only  a  portion  of  the  antennal  aerobes  (!an  be  seen  ;  this 
is  in  the  middle  of  the  beak,  where  the  groove  is  narrow,  deep,  sharply 
defined,  and  inclined  slightly  downward  toward  the  base  of  the  beak.  The 
thorax  is  subrugulose,  and  the  surface  of  the  elytra  smooth,  with  distinct, 
but  not  deeply  in)piessed,  very  faintly  punctured  striae.  The  whole  speci- 
men is  piceous. 

Length  of  body,  S.IS'"""  ;  of  snout,  1"""  (?)  ;  of  head  and  thorax,  0.9""" ; 
of  thorax,  0.75"'"';  of  elytra,  2.25"'"';  of  hind  tibi»,  1.6""";  distance  apart 
of  elytral  stria-  O.!'""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4030  and  4047. 

ANTHONOMUS  Germar. 

Anthonomus  sopokus. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  16. 

A  single  elytron  is  preserved,  in  excellent  condition.  It  is,  however, 
completely  flattened,  bringing  the  apex,  which  is  scarcely  angulate,  in  the 
middle.  There  are  nine  equidistant,  rather  coarse,  not  greatly  elevated 
(perhaps  partly  flattened  by  pressure),  coarsely  beaded  ridges  (represent- 
ing) by  reversal,  strije)  besides  the  sutural  ridge,  the  third  and  fourth  from 
the  sutural  being  a  little  shorter  than  the  others,  which  increase  regularly 
in  length  from  within  outward.  The  smooth,  flat  interspaces  are  fully 
twice  as  broad  as  the  strisie. 

Length  of  elytron,  2""" ;  breadth,  0.9""°. 

The  elytron  differs  from  that  of  A.  defossus  previously  described  from 
the  Florissant  Tertiaries  in  its  greater  size  and  apparently  greater  slender- 


T 


J 


ifkuMMwi 


T 


J 


(JOI.EOPTERA— CUKOULlONIDJi. 


473 


nesH.    Tho  speciinons  of  A.  defossus  ox!imiiiu«l  jrive,  however,  u  lateml  view 
and  rendei  comparison  jioniewliat  difficult. 

Green  River,  Wyoming'.     One  specimen,  No.  48  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

HYLOBIUS  Germar. 

HyLOHIUS   PR0VECTU8. 

PI.  8,  Figs.  37,  41. 

ITylobius  pr'-vrcUu  Sciuld.,  Bull.  II.  .S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Siirv,  Terr.,  II,  86  (187e);  IV,  7(i7  (1878), 

The  single  specimen  first  found  is  very  poorly  preserved,  being  not 
only  fragmentary  but  faintly  impressed;  the  rostrum  is  broken,  so  that  its 
length  can  not  be  determined,  but  the  general  facies  of  the  insect  resembles 
that  of  H.  picivorus  Germ,  so  closely  that  it  nuist  be  referred  to  the  same 
genus.  The  rostrum  is  rather  stout ;  the  antennal  scrobes  are  slender,  anil 
commence  not  far  beyond  the  eyes ;  the  eyes  are  very  large,  transverse 
obovate,  with  an  interior  clear  space,  as  described  in  Epicterus  saxatilis 
Scudd.,  with  very  small  facets,  scarcely  0.02"'"'  in  diameter.  The  thorax  is 
rather  small,  but  apparently  partially  conv;ealed  by  the  way  the  specimen  is 
crushed,  not  very  tumid,  and  entirely  smooth.  The  elytra  are  of  much  the 
same  form  as  those  of  the  species  of  Epicairus  just  mentioned,  provided 
with  slender,  shallow,  impressed  lines,  about  0.22'"'"  apart ;  the  lattei-  are 
rather  delicately  punctured,  the  punctures  a  little  less  distant  from  one 
another  than  are  the  rows;  the  number  of  rows  can  not  be  determined  from 
this  specimen. 

Length,  exclusive  of  rostrum,  5""" ;  length  of  broken  rostrum,  0.45""" ; 
of  eyes,  O.O""™ ;  breadth  of  same,  0.44'""' ;  length  of  elytra,  4""". 

Another  specimen,  taken  by  Mr.  Bowditch  at  the  same  locality  as  tlie 
other,  shows  the  character  of  the  rostrum.  The  specimen  is  strangely  pre- 
served, as  there  appears  to  be  a  second  rostrum,  a  perfect  counterpart  of 
the  first,  attached  to  it  at  the  tip;  perhaps  this  belongs  to  another  indi- 
vidual, of  which  the  rostrum  only  is  preserved.  The  rostrum  is  about  as 
long  as  the  thorax,  scarcely  tapering  as  viewed  laterally,  gently  curved, 
with  a  median,  lateral,  longitudinal  groove,  directed  toward  the  middle  of 
the  eye,  just  as  in  H.  confusus  Kirb.,  besides  the  aatennal  scrobes,  which 
are  directed  obliquely  toward  its  base. 


474 


TKUTIAUY  INSKC'JS  OF  NORTH  AMKIIICA. 


Grc'cii  River,  Wyoiniiig.  Two  spocimens,  Noh.  4051  (F.  C.  Bowditch), 
152irj  (F.  C.  A.  Kiclumlson). 

LISTRONOTUS  Jekel. 

L18TRONOTU8   MURATU8. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  23. 

A  small  species,  represented  by  a  single  specimen  showing  a  lateral 
view.  The  beak  is  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax,  tolerably  stout  (not 
tapering,  as  the  figure  would  seem  to  represent  it),  the  antennal  groove 
reaching  nearly  to  the  tip,  the  eye  moderately  large,  round.  The  whole 
body  is  rather  slender,  the  thorax  tapering  slightly  forward  from  just  beyond 
its  base,  faintly  and  sparsely  punctulate ;  the  fore  femora  increase  pretty 
uniformly  in  size  from  the  base  to  near  the  tip,  where  they  are  twice  as 
broad  as  near  tlie  base.     Elytra  with  distant  thin  strijr. 

Length  of  body,  not  including  rostrum,  4.75""' ;  of  head  and  rostrum 
combined,  1.75'"™;  of  pronotum,  1.2'"'°;  of  elytra,  3.25""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  90  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

ENTIMUS  German 

TIMUS   PEIM0BDULI8 
PI.  5,  Figs.  109,  109a. 

Entimus  pnmordialia  .Soiidcl.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Qeol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  81  (1876)  j  in  Zittel,  Handb.  d. 

PaliBont.,  I,  ii.  789,  Fig.  lOU  (1885). 

Besides  a  crushed  elytron  there  are  only  some  indeterminate  fragments 
of  the  neighboring  parts  of  the  body.  The  form  and  sculpturing  of  the 
elytron  resemble  those  of  the  Brazilian  diamond-beetle  so  closely  that  I 
place  the  species  provisionally  in  the  same  genus,  or  until  further  remains 
are  obtained.  The  insect  must  have  been  rather  small  for  an  Entimus,  is 
of  about  the  usual  size  of  the  species  of  Otiorhynchus,  and  it  is  not  at  all 
im^  obable  that  it  should  be  referred  to  the  latter  genus,  some  species  of 
which  have  elytra  with  similar  sculpturing  and  approximately  the  same 
form.  The  elytron  is  traversed  by  ten  similar,  stout  and  coarse,  longitudi- 
nal costse,  most  of  which  are  broken  up  by  transverse  depressions  into 
bead-like  hemispherical  prominences ;  at  the  tip  of  the  elytron,  however, 
and  on  the  apical  half  of  the  inner  two  costae  this  irregularity  is  nearly  or 


^1 


_       ■ifiti'  WS«iac'5tii-£rL!VS*l!**2'^ 


COLliOrXHUA— OTIOKIIYNCIIID.K. 


475 


quite  lost  sif^ht  of;  tho  odgos  of  the  elytron  for  ivhoiit  the  widtli  of  one  of 
the  costic  is  ulao  siuootii  and  doproHsod ;  th"  front  border  in  sinuous,  iind 
the  suturul  niiirjcin  appears  tho  same  on  the  stone,  from  the  compression  tho 
elytron  has  uiidergone,  whicli  was  sufficient  to  split  it  down  the  middle 
through  half  its  length. 

Length  of  fragment,  8"'"' ;  greatest  breadth  of  unsplit  portion,  4""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family  OTIORHYNCHID^E  Shuckard. 

J:UDIAG0GUS  Schiinberr. 

« 

EUBUGOGIIS   TEUItOSUB. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  29. 

Endiagogut  terroiiu  Scudd.,  Ball.  IT.  8.  Geol.  Geo^jr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  766-707  (1878). 

This  species,  which  seems  more  properly  referable  to  Eudiagogus  than 
the  others  formerly  so  named  by  me,  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen 
and  its  reverse,  preserved  on  a  side  view.  The  snout  is  short,  as  long  as  the 
eyes,  scarcely  so  long  as  the  head,  and  stout ;  the  eyes  transverse,  rather 
large,  subreuiform.  The  thorax  appears  to  be  smooth,  like  the  head,  deep 
and  short,  its  front  border  e.xtending  forward  on  the  sides  toward  the  lower 
part  of  the  eye.  The  elytra,  the  lower  surface  of  which  does  not  appear  to 
be  in  view,  are  broad  and  long,  rectangular  at  tip,  furnished  with  more 
than  eight  rows  of  frequent,  rounded,  moderately  large  and  shallow  punct- 
ures, and  between  each  pair  of  rows  a  similar  row  with  smaller  punctures. 

Length  of  body,  6""° ;  of  elytra,  4.55°"" ;  of  eyes,  0.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4024  and  4078. 

TANYMECUS  Germar. 
Tanymecus  seculorum. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  22. 

A  single  specimen  preserved  on  a  side  view  shows  all  the  parts  of  tho 
body  tolerably  well,  but  oidy  a  confused  mass  of  appendages.  Unfortu- 
nately the  plate  was  engraved  before  the  whole  of  the  head,  and  especially 
the  rostrum,  was  uncovered,  and  the  eye-like  spot  there  shown  is  wholly 


i) 


470 


TliUTIAHY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


accidental,  no  sucli  protuberance  oxisting.  The  general  appearance  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  our  common  species  of  Tanymecus.  The  head  and  beak 
combined  are  .•<  little  shorter  than  the  thorax,  and  the  eye  is  circular, 
removed  b>  les;-i  than  half  its  diameter  irom  the  middle  of  the  front  border 
of  the  prothorax  and  but  little  narrower  than  the  tip  of  the  rostrum.  The 
head  and  rosti-um  appear  to  be  nearly  smooth,  the  prothorax  to  be  coarsely 
and  somewhat  transversely  rugulcse,  and  the  stria?  of  the  elytra  to  be  coarse, 
with  large  and  deep  punctures,  which  grow  smaller  and  sliallower  in  the 
apical  half.  All  this  is  shov/n  only  in  reverse,  the  single  specimen  being  a 
revorse. 

Length,  6.5""';  of  head,  including  rostrum,  l.S""";  of  pronotum, 
1.6""° ;  of  elytra,  4""";  breadth  of  thorax,  2""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  91  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

OTIORHYNCHUS  Gerraar. 
Otiorhynchus  perditus. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  25. 
Olioihi/nchua perditus  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  84  (1876);  IV,  766  (1878). 

A  single  specimen,  showing  a  side  aspect,  differs  from  the  living  species 
of  Otiorhynchus,  with  which  I  have  compared  it,  in  not  having  tlie  prothorax 
conspicuously  smaller  than  the  body  behind  it.  The  head  is  withdrawn 
into  tho  prothorax,  almost  to  the  hinder  edge  of  the  eyes ;  the  snout  is  short, 
stout,  slightly  curved,  bluntly  rounded,  and  rather  tapering  than  enlarged 
at  the  tip,  not  quite  so  long  (measuring  from  the  front  edge  of  the  eyes)  as 
the  length  of  the  pronotum;  the  eyes  are  rounded,  subtriangular,  with  a 
diameter  equal  to  half  the  width  of  the  snout,  the  central  facets  with  a  diam- 
eter of  0  027""" ;  the  anteiiUiJ  scrobes  are  twice  as  long  as  broad,  commenc- 
ing at  the  middle  of  the  snout  and  extending  two- thirds  the  distance  thence 
to  its  tip.  The  protliorax  is  equal,  nearly  as  long  as  high,  not  tumid,  rugu- 
los9.  The  elytra,  which  are  not  elevated  at  base  above  the  prothorax,  are 
simple,  not  very  tumid,  provided  with  about  eight  longitudinal  slender 
rows,  0.3"""  apart,  of  low,  raised,  rounded  points,  nearly  as  distant  from  one 
another  as  those  of  contiguous  rows ;  midway  between  each  of  these  rows 
is  a  very  inconspicuous  dull  ridge.  Fragments  of  the  legs  remain,  which 
agree  as  far  as  they  can  be  made  out  with  the  same  parts  in  Otiorhynchus. 


i 


OV)LEOPTERA— OTIORHYNCHIDiE. 

In  the  general  sculpturing  of  the  elytra  this  insect  is  not  very  unlike  O. 
sulcatus  (Fabr.). 

Length,  8"'"" ;  of  snout  beyond  front  of  eyes,  1.23'""  ;  -vidth  of  same, 
0.75""" ;  length  of  antennal  scrobes,  0.32""™ ;  diameter  of  eyes,  0.46""" ;  lengtli 
ofpronotum,  1.8"™;  height  of  same,  2.28™"';  length  of  elytra,  5.2"""  ;  wjdth 
of  same,  2.05"™  ;  length  of  fore  femora,  i.8"". 

Green  River.  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  4021  (Scudder),  15213 
(Richardson). 

Otiorhvnchus  tumb.*. 

PI,  8,  Fig.  13. 

Oliorhynof  us  dubim  Scudd.,  Biih.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  76f  (1878). 

A  cast  of  an  elytron  resembles  so  closely  the  elytron  of  0  perditus, 
excepting  in  size,  that  it  is  referred  to  the  same  genus.  Only  nine  striic 
can  bo  counted,  but  all  of  those  at  the  outer  side  may  not  he  seen  ;  the 
inner  stria  is  very  close  to  th(i  margin,  and  indeed  is  lost  in  it  both  above 
and  below,  but  this  may  be  due  simply  to  the  preservation.  The  stone  in 
which  they  are  preserved  is  coarser  than  usual,  coming  from  beds  about 
thirty  meters  directly  below  the  3hales  which  have  furnished  the  other  insect 
remains,  and  has  a  greater  admixture  of  sand ;  ^consequently  the  character 
of  the  surface  of  the  elytra  can  not  be  determined,  but  the  stria'  are  sharp 
and  rjarrow,  and  filled  with  longitudinal  punctures,  which  do  not  show  in 
the  engraving.  V/ith  tlip  exception  of  a  couple  of  poor  specimens  of  Epi- 
Ciyjrus  eflfossus  Scudd.,  this  was  the  only  recognizable  insect  found  at  this 
locality. 

Length  of  elytron,  4™™ ;  breadth  of  same,  1.5"™. 

Dr.  E.  Bergroth  having  called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
recent  European  species  of  Otiorhynchus  bearing  the  specific  name  dubius, 
I  have  i-enamed  the  fossil  as  above. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  4204. 

OPHRYASTES  Schonherr. 

OpHRYASTES  C0MPACTU8. 
PI.  8,  Fi ».  39. 

Ophryastea  compactm  Scmld.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Gecl.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  76.5-766  (1878). 

A  single  specimen,  preserved  so  as  to  show  a  lateral  view  of  the  insect, 
appears  to  indicate  an  Otiorhynchid  allied  to  Ophryastes,     The  f  "*rm  of  the 


, 


I 


478 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


elytra,  indeed,  does  not  well  corresjiond,  since,  in  place  of  their  abrupt  pos- 
terior descent,  as  seen  in  O.  cinereus  Schonli.  from  Mexico,  with  which  it 
agrees  best  in  general  features  as  also  in  size,  they  slope  very  gradually, 
and  appear  to  be  tumid  next  the  base.  But  the  structure  of  the  stout  snout, 
enlarged  apically,  with  very  oblique  descending  antennal  scrobes,  the  supe- 
rior transverse  farrow  at  its  base  giving  an  increased  convexity  to  the  ver- 
tex of  the  head,  ally  it  closely  to  Ophryastes.  The  ovate  eye  is  longitudi- 
nal, the  front  border  of  the  pronotuni  nearly  straight,  with  no  advance  of 
the  sides,  the  prothorax  itself  faintly  rugulose,  the  elvtra  coarsely  striate, 
the  striaj  with  feeble,  rather  distant  puncture."  (the  reverse  is  sliown  on  the 
stone) ;  the  tips  of  the  elytra  are  right-angled  or  slightly  produced  at  the 
extremity,  as  in  recent  species. 

Length  of  body,  measured  from  base  of  rostrum,  7.5""' ;  height  of 
iiame,  3.5""" ;  length  of  elytra,  5.5""" ;  of  rostrum  beyond  front  of  eyes, 
1.2"'"';  breadth  of  rostrum  at  base,  0.9'"'" ;  where  largest,  1.05"'"';  length  of 
eye,  O-S""* ;  breadth  of  same,  O-S™" ;  distance  apart  of  the  elytral  striae, 
0.35"""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4210. 

EPICvERUS  Schonherr. 

Epicurus  saxatilis. 

PI.  8,  Figs.  33,  34,  36. 

Eiidiagogus  saxatilis  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  84-85  (1876). 
Epicmriis  saxatilis  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  765  (1878). 

Twenty -seven  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  found  by  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson, Mr.  Bowditch,  and  mys>«if  This  and  the  two  following  species  can 
not,  as  at  first  supposed,  be  referred  to  Eudiagogus  on  account  of  the  length 
of  the  snout.  Although  very  smal'  for  Epicaeri  (especially  the  present 
species),  they  agree  so  well  with  Epicjerus  griseus  Schonh.  from  Mexico — 
one  of  the  smallest  of  the  group — that  they  would  best  be  referred  here, 
although  they  differ  from  this  genus  in  the  brevity  and  stoutness  of  the 
femora,  all  of  which  are  swollen  apically.  It  is  possible  that  all  three  of  the 
forms  mentioned  here  sliould  be  referred  to  a  single  ,pecies,  as  there  is  cer- 
tainly very  little  difference  between  them  excepting  in  size;  this  is  particu- 
larly the  case  with  this  and  the  next  species.    Together  over  one  hundred 


«!r 


COLEOPTEBA— OTIORBYNOHID^. 


479 


specimens  of  these  species  have  been  examined  by  me ;  they  ore  therefore 
the  most  abundant  fossils  of  the  insect  beds  of  the  Green  River  shales. 

In  the  present  species  the  snout  is  shaped  much  as  in  Otiorhynchus 
perditus  Scudd.,  being  short,  stout,  and,  especially  anteriorly,  arched,  the 
front  border  being  faintly  angulate  about  the  middle  ;  the  Jintennal  scrobes 
can  not  be  certainly  defined  ;  the  eyes  are  pretty  large,  transversely  ovate, 
and  in  most  of  the  specimens  are  indicated  on  the  stone  by  ar  annulus  of 
dark  color,  sontaining  an  interior  narrow  ovate  pale  spot  0.22"""  long  by 
0.12"""  wide,  while  the  eye  itself  is  0.4"""  in  its  longer,  and  0.3"""  in  its  shorter, 
diameter ;  the  facets  of  the  interior  portion  are  very  minute,  being  scarcely 
.01""'  in  diameter.  The  prothorax  is  somewhat  tumid,  rather  higher  than 
long,  very  profusely  and  delicately  punctulate,  the  anterior  and  posterior 
walls  between  the  pittings  often  less  elevated  than  the  lateral  walls,  so  that 
the  punctures  often  form  broken  longitudinsd  furrows ;  the  punctures  are 
nearly  uniform  in  size  over  the  whole  prothorax  and  average  about  0.04""'  in 
diameter.  The  elytra  are  simple,  not  tumid,  sloping  off  gradually  toward 
the  tip,  not  elevated  at  base  above  the  thorax,  and  provided  with  six  equi- 
distant, very  slender  and  slight,  raised  ridges,  faintly  broken  into  dashes  by 
a  series  of  minute,  moderately  distant  punctures  along  Jie  inner  border  of 
each ;  these  punctures  are  of  the  same  size  as  those  on  the  prothorax ;  the 
ridges  are  about  0.1 6""  apart.  The  posterior  coxae  have  an  incrassate  pos- 
terior margin. 

Length  of  body,  4"" ;  of  rostrum  beyond  the  eye,  O.eS""" ;  width  of 
same,  0.46°*^  ;  length  of  prothorax,  1.2""';  height  of  same,  1.3"™  ;  length  of 
tegmina,-2.8"";  width  of  same,  0.9"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 

EPICiERUS   EXAMMIS. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  31 ;  PI.  8,  Figs.  30,  31,  38,  42. 

EiuHagogus  eianimh  Sruiid.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11,  58  (1876). 
Epkaruii  exanimiii  Sciuld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.,  Verr.  IV,  765  (1878). 

Thirty-one  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  examined  since  the  first. 
All  those  first  obtained  (by  Mr.  Richardson)  were  fragmentary,  and  most  of 
them  rather  obscure ;  they  consist  mostly  of  side  aspects  of  the  creature,  but 
several  are  single  elytra.  Still  the  characters  drawn  from  them  appear  to 
be  all  that  can  be  found  in  the  more  perfect  examples  since  found.    The 


480 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


head  is  rather  large  at  base,  tapering  with  a  short,  broad  snout,  not  so  deep 
as  broad,  equal  and  at  the  tip  broadly  rounded,  directed  downward  and  for- 
ward, slightly  bent  along  the  front  margin ;  the  antennal  sorobes  extend 
from  the  front  edge  of  the  eye  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  rostrum,  and  are 
broadest  next  the  eye,  where  they  are  half  as  broad  as  the  eye  itself,  taper- 
ing regularly  throughout  and  shallow;  the  eyes  are  moderately  large, 
broadly  ov.il,  transverse  or  a  little  oblique,  the  upper  extremity  thrown 
backward  and  the  lower  forward.  The  prothorax  is  short,  only  about  half 
as  long  as  deep,  not  tumid,  rather  cylindrical,  its  surface  smooth.  The  elytra 
are  not  broader  nor  higher  at  their  base  than  the  surface  of  the  pronotum, 
and  they  are  simple  and  furni.shed  with  seven  equidi-stant,  equally  and  not 
deeply  impressed,  longitudinal  stria*,  0.16"""  apart  from  one  another,  and  the 
outer  ones  an  equal  distance  from  the  adjacent  border ;  these  strife  are  pro- 
vided vvith  slightly  longitudinal  punctures  at  regular  intervals  of  about 
0.1°"",  by  which  the  striae  are  carried  to  about  double  their  usual  depth 
Some  of  the  specimens  have  lost  the  elytiva,  and  on  these  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  hind  coxaj  have  been  impressed  through  the  abdomen,  giving  tlie 
insects  the  appearance  of  being  furnished  with  elytra  which  cover  but  half 
of  the  abdomen.     The  same  thing  may  be  noticed  in  other  species. 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  rostrum,  5.75""";  of  rostrum  beyond  the 
eye,  0.62""' ;  breadth  of  same,  0.5""" ;  depth  of  same,  0.44'"'" ;  length  of  eye, 
0  36"°';  widthof  same,  0.24"'"';  lengthof  prothorax,  0.72""  ;  height  of  same, 
1.3"";  length  of  elytra,  3.05"";  widthof  same,  1.2"";  length  of  fore  femora, 
0.72"" ;  width  of  same,  0.32"°' ;  length  of  middle  femora,  0.8"" ;  width  of 
same,  0.32"";  length  of  hind  femora,  1.1"";  width  of  same,  0.34"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 

Epic^.bus  effossus. 


PI.  8,  Figs.  7,  35, 

Euiiagoguo  effoiaus  Sciidd.,  Bull.  IT.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  85-86  (1876). 
Epicarua  effossus  Sciidrt.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  765  (1878). 

Nearly  fifty  specimens  of  this  species  are  at  hand,  all  found  in  Richard- 
son's shales  by  Mr.  Richardson,  Mr.  Bowditch,  and  myself,  besides  two  I 
found  in  beds  at  the  same  spot,  but  about  thirty  meters  lower;  these  were 
the  only  Coleoptera  found  at  the  latter  spot,  excepting  a  single  specimen  of 
( )tiorhynchu8  tumba)  Scudd.,  belonging  to  the  same  family.     Most  of  the 


OOLEOPTERA— RHYNCHITID^. 


481 


specimens  are  composed  of  fragments  of  elytra,  and  the  only  specimens 
which  are  preserved  entire  are  &uf]i  as  give  a  dorsal  or  ventral  aspect. 
These,  however,  are  enough  to  show  that  they  belong  to  a  species  closely 
allied  to  but  distinct  from  the  preceding,  differing  principally  in  its  smaller 
size,  its  slender  and  more  tapering  rostrum,  the  smaller  circular  eyes,  and 
in  the  slightly  more  distant  and  rather  more  deeply  impressed  striae  of  ths 
elytra.  The  following  measurements  will  give  a  better  understanding  of 
the  degree  of  difference  between  them  in  certain  points : 

Length  of  body  exclusive  of  rostrum,  5""";  breadth  of  same,  2.1"""; 
width  of  rostrum  at  base,  0.48""" ;  diameter  of  eyes,  0.28°'"' ;  distance  apart 
of  the  elytral  striae,  0.18-0.20'""';  distance  apart  of  punctures  in  the  striae. 
0.11""°. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     Numerous  specimens. 

Family  RHYNCHITID^E  LeConte. 
EUGNAMPTUS  Schonherr. 

ErONAMPTUS   GRAND^VUS. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  20. 

Sitonei  grandcevui  Scodd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11,  83-84  (1876). 

A  single  specimen,  very  poorly  preserved,  was  found  by  Mr.  Richard- 
son on  Green  River,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  at 
the  first  description  of  the  species  this  was  all  that  was  at  hand.  Little 
could  be  seen  in  it  except  a  vague  outline  of  the  form  of  the  body,  with  a 
broken  rostrum  ;  the  eye  was  large,  obovate,  longitudinally  disposed,  0.42"'° 
long  and  0.25'"°'  broad ;  the  elytra  were  furnished  with  a  number  of  slight, 
slender,  raised  ridges,  0.3 1""*  apart,  probably  the  reverses  of  striae. 

Two  more  specimens  obtained  at  tlie  same  spot  by  Profs.  Packard  and 
Lee,  and  in  better  condition,  show  that  it  probably  belongs  to  Eugnamptus, 
though  it  differs  from  that  genus  in  the  extreme  feebleness  of  the  elytral 
striation  which  is  barely  perceptible;  no  punctuios  are  discernible,  but 
instead  the  elytra  are  sparsely  clothed  with  exceedingly  delicate  short  hairs. 
The  beak  is  slender  and  from  in  front  of  the  eye  about  as  long  as  the  thorax; 
it,  as  well  as  the  rest  of  the  head,  faintly  subscabrous,  while  the  thorax  is 
very  delicately  and  shallowly  punctulate,  so  as  to  appear  almost  smooth, 
with  a  short  delicate  hair  from  each  depression. 

VOL  XIII 31 


E3SSBEIiga8gl&1S3iE3a3l-.i^V 


'fj5iSj«R^^»s5ss5|^(ei>i^^»i 


482 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


The  measurements  of  the  best  specimen  are:  Lengtli  of  head  and 
rostrum,  1.35"'™;  of  thorax,  0.9""" ;  of  eljtra,  2.6"""  ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1""". 

Green  River,,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  16234  (F.  C.  A. 
Richardson),  101  (^Prof  L.  A.  Lee),  76  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

EUGNAMPTUS   DECEM8ATUS. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  12. 

Eugnamptus  decemsatus  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  764-765  (1878). 

A  single  elytron  with  a  broken  base  is  all  that  remains  of  this  species. 
But  this  is  peculiar  on  account  of  the  supplementary  humeral  stria,  which 
seems  to  be  common  in  the  Rhynchitidae,  and  at  least  very  rare  in  the 
allogastral  Rhyncophora,  to  which  one  would  at  first  glance  refer  this 
fragment.  So  far  as  the  material  at  hand  permits  determination  it  appears 
to  agree  best  with  the  genus  to  which  it  is  referred,  on  account  of  the  dis- 
position of  the  punctuation  and  the  form  of  the  tip  of  the  elytron.  It  repre- 
sents, however,  a  very  large  species,  and  one  whose  punctuation  is  very 
delicate.  The  elytron  is  long  and  rather  narrow,  indicating  an  elongated 
form  for  the  body,  as  in  tiiis  genus,  with  parallel  sides  and  a  bluntly  rounded 
tip.  There  are  ten  complete  equidistant  rows  of  delicate,  lightly  impressed 
punctures,  those  of  the  same  row  less  distant  than  the  width  of  the  inter- 
spaces ;  the  outer  row  lies  close  to  the  outer  border  and  is  seated  in  an 
impressed  stria,  as  also  is  the  apical  half  of  the  inner  row ;  but  the  other 
rows  show  no  such  connections  between  the  punctures  which  compose 
them ;  at  the  base  the  rows  curve  very  slightly  outward  to  make  place  for 
a  very  short  humeral  row  of  punctures,  parallel  to  the  inner  complete  row, 
and  composed  of  only  three  or  four  punctures  on  the  part  preserved ;  the 
interspaces  are  smooth. 

Length  of  fragment,  4.5'""' ;  width  of  elytron,  l.S"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4046. 

Family    RHIPIPHORID^E    Gerstaecker. 

RHIPIPHORUS  Fabricius. 

Rhipiphorus  geikiei. 

PI.  27,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  specimen  preserved  upon  a  side  view  seems  clearly  referable  to 

Rhipiphorus  except  for  the  well  rounded  tip  of  the  elytra.     The  three  lines 


$> 


COLEOPTEllA— TENEBlUONIDJiJ. 


483 


radiating  from  the  head  in  the  plate  do  not  belong  to  the  specimen  but  lie 
at  a  slightly  higher  level,  except  the  proximal  half  of  the  one  lying  next  tlie 
body,  whicli  is  the  basal  joint  of  the  antenna;,  and  which  before  careful  study 
was  taken  for  a  beak,  and  the  insect  therefore  ])laced  among  the  Ilemiptera. 
The  head  and  thorax  have  the  form  and  attitude  of  the  Rhipiphorida; ;  the 
eye  is  oval,  twice  *»".  long  as  broad ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  antenna;  enlarges 
slightly  from  base  to  apex  and  is  nearly  as  long  ps  the  head ;  an  ineffectual 
attemj)t  was  made  to  uncover  the  parts  beyond  and  reveal  the  structure  of 
the  remaining  joints.  The  head  and  thorax  are  delicately  scabrous  rather 
than  punctate,  or  punctate  with  the  punctures  run  together  transversely  in 
an  irregular  manner.  The  elytra  are  almost  as  long  as  the  body,  three  and 
a  half  times  as  long  as  their  basal  breadth,  the  sutural  margin  perfectly 
straight  until  the  rounding  f  the  extreme  apex  begins,  the  outer  margin 
broadly  sinuous,  the  elytra  shortly  beyond  the  base  diminishing  rather 
rapidly  in  width  as  far  as  the  middle,  then  subequal  to  just  before  the  tip, 
which  is  half  as  broad  as  the  base,  strongly  rounded,  almost  equally  on  each 
side ;  the  tip  has  been  uncovered  since  the  plate  was  made,  and  is  in  no 
sense  pointed,  but  the  inner  side  is  subrectangular  though  rounded ;  the 
surface  is  punctured,  not  deeply,  the  punctures  separated  by  considerably 
more  than  their  own  diameter ;  the  outer  border  is  finely  marginate,  at  least 
in  the  basal  half  The  wings  are  ample,  exceeding  when  closed  the  length 
of  the  abdomen,  and  when  expanded  surpassing  by  one-fifth  the  elytra; 
they  »liow  at  least  four  principal  veins  radiating  from  the  base,  some  of  them 
distinctly  forked,  and  none  showing  marks  of  a  transverse  fold. 

Length  of  body,  9.75"^  ;  elytra,  6""°. 

Named  for  Dr.  Archibald  Geikie,  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey 
of  Great  Britain. 

Florissant.     One  specimen,  No.  367. 

Family   TENEBRIONID^   Leaeh. 
TENEBRIO  Linnd 


Tenebeio  primigenius. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  32. 

IhubHo  pHmigenius  Scndd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Sarv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  183B,  (1879). 

A  single,  complete,  and  well-preserved  elytron  represents  a  species  of 
Tenebrionidae,   a  little  larger  than,   and  somewhat  resembling,  Tenebrio 


mmm 


484 


TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


molitor  (Linn.),  the  beetle  of  the  common  meal-worm.  It  has  been  flattened 
by  pressure,  so  as  to  show  but  little  3i<rn  of  having  been  arched,  wliile  at  the 
same  time  the  shape  is  fairly  preserved.  Wherever  it  differs  in  color  from 
the  stone  it  is  piceous.  The  margins  are  very  nearly  parallel,  approaching 
each  other  rather  gradually  and  very  regularly  toward  the  tip ;  there  are 
eight  equidistant,  pretty  strongly  impressed,  rather  coarse,  longitudinal 
8tria3,  besides  others  next  the  outer  margin,  whose  number  can  not  be  deter- 
mined, and  a  short  scutellar  stria,  about  as  long  as  in  T.  molitor,  but  quite 
as  distinct  as  the  others ;  the  surface  between  the  striae  appears  to  be  very 
minutely  subrugulose,  and  shows  in  favorable  light  a  faint  transverse  cor- 
rugation. 

Length  of  elytron,  11""";  breadth,  4.4""°. 

Nine-mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  63  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson). 

Family   BRUCHID^E  Leach. 

BRUCHUS  Geoffroy. 

Bkuchus  anilis. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  125.  ' 

Bruchus  anilh  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  TI,  82  (1876). 

,  The  single  specimen  consists  of  two  elytra,  in  natural  juxtaposition 
seen  from  above.  They  have  a  brown  color,  which  is  wanting  in  certain 
places,  but  in  so  irregular  a  manner  that  it  is  doubtless  fortuitous ;  they  are 
furnished  with  stria3,  but  these,  as  well  as  all  color,  are  entirely  obliterated 
in  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  this  again  is  doubtless  a  defect  of  preservation, 
since  the  sutural  edges  of  the  elytra  are  similarly  affected ;  the  strife  are 
dt  ep,  sharply  cut,  straight,  subequidistant,  eight  in  number,  fading  out  at 
the  apex  of  the  elytra,  the  space  between  them  smooth  and  arched. 

Length  of  one  elytron,  G""  ;  breadth  of  same,  1.9°'"' ;  distance  of  striae 
apart,  0.4.5"'"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  ColoFado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 


COLEOPTEUA— OFIltYSOMELID^.  486 

Family  CHRYSOMELID^    Leach. 

GALERUCELLA  Crotch. 

Galehucella  picea. 
P1.-2.  Fig.  31. 
Oalleruoella  ploea  Soadd.,  Bnp.  Ptogr.  Oeol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  182-183B  (1879). 

A  pair  of  rather  poorly  preserved  elytra,  parted  at  the  tip,  and  showing 
between  and  tlirough  them  the  outlines  of  the  abaoniinal  segments  represents 
a  species  of  Chrysomelidae,  which  appears  to  be  most  nearly  allied  to  the 
genus  in  which  I  have  placed  it  and  to  be  about  the  form  of,  and  a  little 
smaller  than,  G.  maritiraa  LeC.  The  elytra  are  uniformly  piceous  throughout, 
showing  no  marks  of  lighter-colored  borders ;  there  are  faint  indications  of 
one  or  two  marginal  impressed  lines  in  their  outer  half,  and  the  whole  sur- 
face seems  to  have  been  very  minutely  punctate,  more  faintly  and  finely 
than  in  the  existing  species  mentioned.  The  abdomen  is  very  broadly  and 
very  regularly  rounded,  subovate,  and  at  least  five  segments  of  similar 
length  can  be  determined. 

Breadth  of  the  i)air  of  elytra  at  base,  3.7.5""";  length  of  elytra,  5.5"" : 
breadth  of  abdomen,  3.25"";  length  of  penultimate  segment,  0.4"". 

Nine-mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  62  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson). 

CRYPTOCEPHALUS  Geoffroy. 

CrYPTOCEPHALUS  VETU8TU8. 

PI.  7,  Figs.  29,  37. 
Cryptocephalui  vetuatu$  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  764  (1878). 

This  ppecies  is  fairly  represented  by  a  pair  of  specimens  with  their 
reverses.  One  pair  exhibits  the  front,  and  by  the  drooping  of  the  abdo- 
men the  under  surftice  of  the  insect  with  expanded  elytra  (one  of  them 
curiously  foreshortened),  the  other  the  under  surface  only.  The  insect  is 
broadly  oval,  and,  except  in  being  much  stouter,  closely  resembles  C.  ven- 
ustus  Fabr.,  with  which  it  agrees  in  size.  The  thorax,  as  seen  on  a  front 
view,  is  arched,  and  the  proportion  of  the  head  to  the  thorax  is  as  in  the 
recent  species  mentioned.     The  elytra,  which  are  the  parts  best  preserved. 


486 


TERTIAKY  IN8K0TS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


are  rounded  at  the  extremity,  and  are  furnished  with  ten  slightly  arcuate 
row8  of  },'entle  j)unc.turea,  arranged  inconspicuously  in  })air8,  besides  a 
Hutunil,  slightly  oblique  row  on  the  basal  third  of  the  elytra,  terminating  in 
the  margin.  This  disposition  of  the  jjunctures  and  the  character  of  the 
head,  sunken,  as  it  were,  into  the  thoracic  mass,  leave  little  doubt  that  the 
insect  should  be  referred  to  Cryptoccphalus.  The  elytra  are  of  a  uniform 
light  horn  color,  but  the  body  is  (bn-ker.  The  body  is  more  oval  than  in 
the  ])arallol-sided  C  venustus. 

Length  of  body,  4-4.5"'"';  breadth  of  same,  2.6-3.2""";  length  of 
elytra,  4""";  breadth  of  one  of  them,  1.8""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  4003  and  4004,  4039. 
and  4044. 


DONACIA    Fabricius. 

~"  ^      DoNACIA    .STIKIA. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  28. 

This  is  represented  by  the  mere  fragment  ot  an  elytron,  but  with  a 
distinct  kind  of  sculpturing.  It  seems  to  come  as  near  D.  porosicollis  Lac 
as  any  of  our  modern  species  I  have  seen.  The  tip  is  the  part  preserved ; 
it  is  of  a  deep  blue-black  color,  with  an  excessively  fine,  microscopic,  trans- 
verse rugulation,  delicately  impressed  narrow  striai,  the  stria?  minutely 
punctulate,  the  first  and  last  striic  moderatel}-  distant  from  the  margins, 
deeply  impressed,  and  less  distinctly  punctate.  It  is  apparently  a  rather 
small  species. 

Length  of  fragment,  3  2"'";  breadth  of  same,  1.4™"'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  the  neighborhood  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One 
specimen,  No.  14558  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

,      DoNACIA   POMPATICA. 
PI.  1,  Figs.  33,  34. 

This  species,  of  which  there  are  several  examples  at  hand,  is  most  nearly 
allied  to  our  living  D.  pubicollis  Suffr.,  but  is  nmch  smaller  or  about  the  size 
of  D.  emarginata  Kirb.  As  to  the  sculpture  of  the  surface  of  the  elytra  (the 
only  part  preserved  in  any  specimen),  it  would  be  difficult  to  say  in  what 
respect  it  differed  from  the  former  species  except  in  the  obliteration  of  the 


[ 


OOLEOPTEUA— SUAUAJiJilDiE. 


487 


¥ 


.« 


niarkingH  nt  the  tip  of  the  elyti;  ,  which  seems  to  bo  chnmctoristic  of  the 
fossil.  In  color  it  varies  extremely  ;  in  one  (No.  14r)82)  it  is  hliiish  i)nr|)le: 
in  another  (No.  14.0(l())  it  is  deep  brilliunt  violet;  still  another  (No.  Hf)??) 
has  it  (lark  metallic  f^reen.  In  all,  tluf  rolors  are  as  fresh  as  if  livinjr.  The 
puncmreil  stritc  are  rather  deep  and  the  whole  surface  of  the  elytra  truuH- 
versely  wrinkled  at  the  punctures. 

Leufrth  of  elytron,  fj""" ;  breadth,  1.45""", 

Interjflacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  1456G, 
14573,  14577,  145HI,  145K2  (G.  J.  Ilinde). 

Family  SCARAB^DI^  Leaeh. 

TROX  Fabricius. 

TrOX   OU8TALETI. 


^ 


PI.  2,  Fig.  22. 
Trox  outtaleti  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  8urv.  Can,,  1877-1878,  179-180B  (1879). 

A  single  elytron,  well  preserved,  appears  to  represent  a  species  of  Trox 
of  aboi't  the  siza  of  T.  terrestris  Say,  but  with  rather  slender  elytra.  The 
elytron  is  subequal,  narrowing  rapidly  and  regularly  at  the  tip,  well  arched, 
and  was  apparently  still  more  arched  originally,  the  middle  portion  having 
a  flattened  appearance,  as  if  from  pressure,  with  a  narrow  flattened  outer 
margin ;  the  surface  is  completely  and  uniformly  covered  with  thirteen  or 
fourteen  equal  equidistant  rows  of  frequent  dull  tubercles,  as  distant  from 
one  another  in  the  rows  as  each  row  from  its  neighbor,  and  obsolescent 
toward  the  apex  and  the  base,  especially  towards  the  former.  In  certain 
places  there  is  a  very  slight  appearance  of  greater  prominence  to  every 
fourth  row,  which  would  hardly  be  noticed  if  its  resemblance  to  modern 
species  of  Trox  did  not  lead  one  to  look  for  it ;  the  extreme  tip  is  broken. 
The  color  is  dark-brown,  approaching  black,  but  the  whole  central  portion 
of  a  faded  brown,  nearly  resembling  the  natural  color  of  the  stone  in  which 
it  is  preserved. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.25™'";  breadth,  1.86""". 

Named  after  M.  Emile  Oustalet,  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  whose  re- 
aearches  on  the  Tertiary  insocts  of  Auvergne  and  Aix  are  well  known. 

Nine-Mile  Creek,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  61  (Dr.  G. 
M  Dawson). 


488  TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMKRIOA. 

APHODIUS  Ulijrer. 

Aphouius  pkkcukhok. 
PI.  1,  FiR.  11. 

Jphoditu  prrcurior  Horn,  Trans.  Anier.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  ^45  (1876). 

"  Elytra  Hinootli,  Hliiiiiiig,  feebly  Htriiito,  stria!  sluillow  but  rather  wide; 
punctures  distant,  round  near  the  apex,  becominjj-  transverse  near  the  base, 
intervals  flat,  smooth. 

*'  A  species  is  indicated  of  the  size  and  nearly  of  the  sculpture  of  ruricola. 
The  scutellum  is  short.     Lenj^th  of  elytra,  .10  inch.;  "21)°""."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

Of  this  species  throe  elytra  lie  side  by  side  in  the  same  mass ;  the  middle 
one  shows  ordy  the  impression  of  the  strioe,  being  the  reverse  of  the  hjft 
elytron,  which  has  been  removed  from  its  ori<^inal  position ;  this  and  tlie 
rif^lit  elytron  are  black,  the  strije  distinct  and  moderately  deep,  with  pu.jt- 
ures  as  described  by  Dr.  Horn.  Tiie  stride  are  ten  in  number,  aiid  in  the 
middle  of  the  elytra  are  0  17"""  apart.  The  left  elytron  shows  the  upper, 
the  others  the  under,  surface.  There  niust  be  some  mistake  in  Dr.  Horn's 
measurements ;  the  best  preserved  elytron,  the  contours  of  which  are  perfectly 
preserved,  is  3.5"""  long  and  l.Gfy"""  broad  and  the  others  agree  perfectly 
with  it  in  size. 

Upon  the  same  stone  occur  the  remains  of  a  pair  of  elytra  (PI.  1,  Figs. 
16,  17)  not  noticed  by  Dr.  Horn  in  his  paper,  but  considered  by  him  as 
belonging  to  the  same  species.  This  view  is  tenable  only  on  the  supposition 
that  the  right  elytron  (in  which  the  chitine  is  preserved  and  which  shows 
the  upper  surface)  is  imperfect,  for  there  are  but  eight  striae  When  first 
examined  by  me  ooth  margins  appeared  perfect;  but  as  they  have  since  been 
damaged  I  refrain  from  furt'-or  remark  beyond  the  description  of  the  frag- 
ments and  the  expressio'i.  n  y  belief  that  they  can  not  be  referred  to  Apho- 
dius.  The  elytra,  which  arj  sii'ning  black,  appear  to  be  considerably  flat- 
tened, are  consequently  nearly  as  broad  at  base  as  in  the  middle,  and  have 
the  apical  half  rounded  rather  rapidly  and  the  apex  nearly  square ;  they 
possess  eight  distinct  striae,  made  more  conspicuous  by  bearing  frequent, 
moderately  distinct,  small,  round,  occasionally  elongate  punctures ;  the  in- 
terspaces between  the  striae  are  O.lo'"™  wide,  flat  and  smooth;  the  eighth 
stria  is  confluent  anteriorly,  and  perhaps  posteriorly,  with  the  margin;  and 
■  the  margin  itself  is  not  only  slightly  roflexed  but  forms  by  the  reflection 


r 


1 


(JOLEOPTICK  A— 8C  A  K  A  ILKI1>;K. 


489 


r 


V 


a  fjroove  vory  Hiruihir  to  the  Htriiu  and  hoarinjj  siinilur  pimctiiroH  ;  there  is 
also  a  Hhort  and  oxciiodhigly  Hiight  and  t'ahit  HcutoUar  Htria  crowded  agaitiat 
the  Hcutelhim. 

Lenj^th  of  elytron,  3"";  breadth,  1.3""". 

Not  irnj)robably  those  Hhould  bo  looked  upon  as  belonging  to  Carabidne 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  I'runiHylvania. 

iEGIALIA  Latreillo 

^GULIA    BlIPTA. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  19. 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  are  preserved  with  partially  expanded 
strongly  arched  elytra.  Body  elongated  obovate,  two  and  a  half  times 
longer  than  broad.  Head  small,  broadly  rounded  in  front,  the  eyes  (not 
shown  in  the  plate)  moderately  large,  oval,  less  than  half  as  large  as  one  of 
the  pair  of  oval  distinctt  marks  in  the  middle  of  the  head  posteriorly,  which 
are  either  some  parts  beneath  showing  through,  or  ridges  or  the  bases  of 
horns  on  the  upper  surface.  Prothorax  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  tajjor- 
ing  anteriorly  from  tiie  posterior  edge  and  with  rounded  sides,  the  wliole 
front  border  broadly  emarginate,  the  hind  margin  scarcely  convex,  the  siu'- 
face  indistinctly  granulate.  Elytra  rather  heavily  striate,  the  striaj  rather 
distantly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  3.4""";  of  middle  of  prothorax,  O.f)"'"';  of  elytra,  2""""; 
breadth  of  prothorax  in  front,  O.?""*;  the  same  behind,  1.1"'"';  of  middle  of 
body,  LSf}"""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  80  and  81  (Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 

PHANiEUS   MacLeay. 

PhAN^EUS   ANTIQUU8. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  12-14. 

Phanaus  antiqum  Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  En;..  800.,  V,  245  (1876). 

"  Elj'tra  with  feeble  striaj,  intervals  moderately  convex,  surface  slightly 
rugulose.     Abdomen  smooth.     Length,  .40  inch;  10""". 

"  A  species  is  indicated  somewhat  larger  than  carnifex ;  the  elytral 
sculpture  is,  iiowever,  more  nearly  that  of  pluto,  inasmuch  as  the  intervals 


490 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


are  regularly  convex,  and  the  strife  not  suddenly  impressed  at  base.  The 
remains  consist  of  an  impression  with  a  small  portion  of  the  substance  of 
both  elytra  in  position,  slightly  separated  at  base  by  pressure  so  that  a 
deceptive  appearance  of  an  elongate  scutellum  is  presented;  al8.>  the 
impression  of  the  abdominal  segments  with,  a  small  portion  of  chitinous 

substance.  -        e 

"  There  h  also  the  substance  remaining  of  the  greater  portion  ot  an 
ei  trou  which  probably  belongs  to  the  same  species,  in  which  the  intervals 
are  moderately  convex  and  with  traces  of  a  few  punctures,  the  stria,  bemg 
moderately  im  >'-essed  and  not  punctured."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

The  elytru  3  seven  feeble  and  dull  stria) ;  the  surface  of  the  smgle 
elytron,  which  agrees  altogether  in  size  with  the  pair,  is  black  and  smooth, 
but  faintly  wrinkled  transversely.     Four  segments  of  the  abdomen  are 

shown 

Length  of  one  of  the  pair  of  elytra,  1 1-" ;  breadth  of  same,  5    . 
Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

CHCERIDIUM  Lepelletier-Serville. 

Chceeidium?  ebeninum. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  18-22. 
CluBHdium  f  fheninum  Horn,  Trars.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  244-245  (1876). 

"The  remains  for  which  the  above  name  is  suggested,  consist  of  the 
greater  portion  of  the  thorax,  the  two  elytra  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation 
and  a  portion  of  the  abdominal  segments.     These  may  be  described  as  fol- 

lows :  ,  J     n 

"Thorax  nearly  twice  as  ^ide  as  long,  sides  feebly  arcuate,  gradually 

converging  anteriorly,  surface  .narsely  and  finely  punctate,  pleura  longi- 
tudinally finely  strigose.  E.ytra  .other  wider,  conjointly,  than  long,  sides 
.  moderately  arcuate  and  gradually  narrowed  to  apex,  disk  with  seven  mod- 
erately impressed  stria.,  the  outer  rather  distant  from  the  margin;  struc 
entire  and  nearly  parallel  and  equidistant.  Intervals  coarsely  but  sparsely 
punctured.  Epipleura.  sparsely  punctate.  Abdomen  with  coarse  punct- 
ures at  the  sides,  smoother  at  middle 

"  Length  of  thorax,  .07  inch  ;   1.75°"°. 

"  Length  of  elytra,  .14  inch ;  S.S"". 


OOLEOPTERA— PTINID^. 


491 


, 


"  I  have  been  really  at  a  loss  to  know  to  what  genus  to  refer  these 
remains.  They  were  at  one  time  considered  to  be  Saprinus,  but  the  num- 
ber of  the  striae  and  their  character  forbid  such  a  reference.  The  species 
seems  to  have  been  rather  smaller  than  our  Choeridium  histeroides,  but 
undoubtedly  resembled  it  in  form.  I  would  have  referred  the  remains  to 
Canthon  near  perplexus,  but  the  thorax  is  by  no  means  that  of  the  genus." 

Horn,  loc  cit. 

The  thorax  of  the  specimen  appears  to  have  been  broken  off  before 
reaching  me,  as  the  description  given  by  Dr.  Horn  is  inapplicable  to  any  of 
the  fragments  before  me. 

The  pleura;  are  not  only  "longitudinally  finsly  strigose,"  but  also 
delicately  striate  in  the  same  direction.  Aside  from  the  punctuation  the 
upper  surface  of  tho  thorax  is  smooth. 

The  outer  discal  stria  of  the  elytra  is  very  widely  separated  at  base 
from  the  submarginal  stria  which  runs  closely  parallel  to  the  outer  border. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.6'"'";  breadth  of  same,  2""". 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

Family  PTINID^E  Leach. 

ANOBIUM  Fabricius. 

Anobium?  ovale. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  1. 

AnoMumt  ovale  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  U.'ogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  TV,  762-763  (1878). 

The  insect  evidently  appertains  to  a  distinct  genus  of  Ptinida;,  in  which 
the  sides  of  the  body  are  not  parallel,  but  the  body  tapers  posteriorly  much, 
though  tiot  to  the  same  extent,  as  anteriorly.  It  is,  however,  most  nearly 
allied  to  Ar.i  bium,  in  which  it  is  provisionally  placed.  It  is  about  as  large 
as  Endecatomus  rugosus  LeC.  The  prothorax,  viewed  from  above,  is 
bluntly  conical,  tapering  rapidly.  The  body  is  broadest  just  behind  the 
base  of  the  elytra,  and  tapers  slightly  at  first,  more  rapidly  afterward,  and 
is  rounded  posteriorly ;  thus  the  whole  body  has  an  ovate  outline.  The 
pronotum  is  minutely  and  very  profusely  punctulate  in  black,  the  punctures 
being  slightl>  elongated  longitudinally,  and  appears  to  have  been  covered 
profusely  with  slight  asperities  or  a  coarse  pile  (much  perhaps  as  in  Ende- 
catomus  rugosus).     The  elytra,  wiiich  are  nearly  three  times  as  long  as 


492 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


broad  and  taper  regularly  from  near  the  base  to  near  the  tip,  show  no  mark 
of  such  asperities,  l)ut  are  profusely  punctate  in  black,  made  up  of  scattered 
punctjE,  about  0.03"""  in  diameter,  not  altogether  irregularly  disposed, 
although  at  first  sight  having  that  appearance,  but  showing  in  many  places, 
not  uniformly,  signs  of  a  longitudinal"  distribution  into  from  fourteen  to 
sixteen  rows.  The  elytra,  irtdeed,  resemble  those  of  Bostrychus  capucinus 
(Linn.),  but  I  am  not  aware  that  similar  markings  occur  on  smaller  Ptinidai. 

Length  of  body,  4.3""" ;  breadth  of  same,  2"™  ;  length  of  elytra,  3.15"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  97  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard) 
and  4038  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

AnOBIUM  ?   DECEPTUM. 

PI.  8,  FiR.  18. 
Jnohium  deceptum  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  763  (1878). 

Another  specimen,  representing  an  elytron  only,  evidently  belongs  to 
the  same  genus  as  the  last,  and  at  first  sight  appeared  to  be  of  the  same 
species,  as  it  belongs  to  an  insect  of  the  same  size,  and  the  punctures  on  the 
elytra  are  similarly  disposed  ;  they  are,  however,  if  anything,  more  thickly 
crowded,  so  as  to  form  about  eighteen  rows  in  the  rather  broader  elytron; 
•and  not  only  is  the  elytron  broader  and  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  spe- 
cies, being  less  than  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  but  it  scarcely 
tapers  at  all  in  the  basal  three-fifths,  and  beyond  that  more  rapidly  than  in 
the  species  last  described. 

Length  of  elytron,  S"™ ;  breadth  of  same,  1.25"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4086. 

Anobium  lignitum. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  24. 

Anobium  Ugnitum  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  763  (1878). 

A  third  species  of  this  family,  with  irregularly  punctate  elytra,  is  rep- 
resented by  a  single  specimen,  giving  a  dorsal  view  of  pronotum  and  elytra. 
It  differs  generically  from  the  two  preceding  species,  and  agrees  better  with 
Anobium  proper  in  having  a  more  gibbous  and  less  conical  prothorax,  and 
in.  having  the  sides  of  the  elytra  parallel  through  most  of  their  extent.  It 
is  considerably  smaller  than  either  of  the  preceding  species.     The  prothorax 


■.t  . 


COLEOTPERA— BUPItESTID^. 


493 


is  one-third  the  lengtli  of  the  body,  minutely  punctate  and  scabrous,  taper- 
ing only  a  little  in  its  basal  and  considerably  in  its  anterior  half,  the  front 
well  rounded.  The  elytra  are  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than 
broad,  equal  on  the  basal  two-thirds,  and  then  rounding  rapidly  inward,  so 
that  the  posterior  outline  of  the  body  is  more  broadly  rounded  than  the 
anterior  outline ;  the  elytra  are  profusely  punctate  with  little  pits,  averag- 
ing scarcely  more  than  0.02"""  in  diameter,  distributed  at  pretty  regular 
intervals,  but  not  forming  anything  like  longitudinal  series,  and  so  near 
together  as  to  be  equivalent  to  about  fourteen  rows.  The  whole  body  is 
uniformly  black. 

Length  of  body,  3.75""" ;  of  elytra,  2.5°'"' ;  width  of  body,  1.9"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4082. 

SITODREPA  Thomson. 

SiTODHEPA   DEFUNCTA. 
Sitodrepa  defuncia  Scndd.,  Bull.  tf.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  82  (1876). 

A  single  elytron,  with  its  reverse,  is  very  poorly  preserved,  more  than 
twice  and  a  half  as  long  as  broad,  equal  until  near  the  tip,  which  is  rounded 
off;  it  is  traversed  by  eight  or  nine  very  slightly  impressed  and  delicate 
punctate  striae  O.l""  apart. 

Length,  2.75""™;  breadth,  LOe""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  191  and  15206  (F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 

Family  BUPRESTID^E  Stephens. 
BUPRESTIS  Linnd. 

i,      BuPRESTIS   TERTIAKIA. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  23. 
Bupretiii  tertiaria  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Cau.,  1877-1878,  180-181B  (1879). 

Three  specimens  were  obtained  of  this  species,  all  of  them  elytra. 
One  shows  the  two  elytra  crossed  at  the  base,  and  a  reverse  of  this  shows 
the  cast  of  the  upper  surface ;  the  other  two  are  single  and  perfect  elytra, 
both  exhibiting  the  upper  surface,  one  in  relief,  the  other  as  a  cast,  but 
tbey  are  not,  reverses.     This  and  the  two  following  species  classed  under 


494 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Buprestis  agree  closely  together,  but  do  not  seem  to  be  plainly  referable  to 
aiiv  recent  American  genus,  although  approaching  nearest  Buprestis  or 
Ancylocheira.  They  seem  to  be  nearly  related  also  to  the  Tertiary  species 
from  Sieblos,  described  by  Ileyden  under  the  name  of  B.  senecta.  For  the 
present  I  place  them  in  Buprestis. 

The  elytra  are  very  long  and  slender,  nearly  four  times  as  long  as 
broad,  equal  throughout  the  basal  two-thirds,  then  gradually  and  very  reg- 
ularly tapering  by  the  sloping  of  the  outer  edge,  the  tip  a  little  produced 
and  rounded,  and  about  one-fourth  as  broad  as  the  middle  of  thr  elytron. 
The  surface  is  ornamented  by  ten  rows  of  very  distinct  strise  with  rather 
deeply  impressed  punctse ;  these  fjtriae  are  a  little  sinuous  near  the  base, 
and  there  is  also  a  scutellar  stria  extending  down  nearly  one-third  of  the 
elytron  ;  the  outer  stria  unites  with  the  margin  in  the  middle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  elytron  ;  the  three  inner  and  two  other  outer  striae  extend  to  the 
apex,  while  the  four  interior  stria;  terminate :  the  inner  pair  a  little  beyond 
the  termination  of  the  outer  stria,  the  outer  pair  still  a  little  farther  toward 
the  apex,   thus   allowing   for   the  narrowing  of  the  elytra;    the  surface 
between  the  stria;  is  much  broken  by  sliglit  transverse  corrugations,  giving, 
with  fhe  punctate  stria;,  a  rough  appearance  to  the  elytra.     This  species 
differs  from  the  two  following  by  the  great  slenderness  of  the  elytra  and 
the  more  delicate  tapering  of  its  tip. 

Length  of  elytron,  G.S"'"" ;  breadth,  1.7""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.     Three  speci- 
mens, Nos.  48,  51  and  52,  54  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

'^  Buprestis  saxigena. 

PI.  2,  Figs.  24,  25. 
Buprestis  saxigena  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Snrv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  181B  (1879). 

This  species  is  represented  by  several  elytra  or  fragments  of  elytra, 
sometimes  preserved  by  pairs  in  natural  connection.  It  is  very  closely 
allied  to  the  last,  but  differs  from  it  in  having  the  elytra  less  slender,  the 
breadth  being  contained  about  three  and  a  half  times  in  the  length,  and  ia 
the  rather  greater  coarseness  of  .he  punctuation  and  transverse  corrugation. 
The  stria;  are  the  same  in  nur-«ber,  but  are,  perhaps,  a  little  more  sinuo'is, 
and  the  scutellar  stria  is  shorter,  hardly  extending  so  much  as  a  quarter-way 
down  the  inner  margin  ;  the  other  stria;  terminate  in  much  the  same  way  as 


i 


^ 


1 


i 


COLEOPTERA— BDPBBSTID^. 


495 


in  B.  tertiaria,  but  the  seventh  stria  (from  the  suture)  frequently  runs  to,  or 
very  nearly  to,  the  tip ;  the  extreme  tip  is  formed  precisely  as  in  B.  ter- 
tiaria, but  the  sides  of  the  elytra,  runuiiijr  parallel  throughout  three-quar- 
ters of  their  length,  taper  toward  the  apex  more  abruptly  than  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  though  with  the  same  regularity.  This  species  stands  mid- 
way between  the  other  two  here  described  in  the  form  of  the  apical  third  of 
the  elytra. 

Length,  G.'i""" ;  breadth,  1.7""^. 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  Five  speci- 
mens, Nos.  47  and  54,  49,  50,  55,  56  (Dr.  Cr.  M.  Dawson). 


0 


BUPKESTIS    8EPULTA. 

PL  2,  Fig.  26. 
Bupreifis  sepulta  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  181B  (1879). 

A  single  specimen,  showing  the  greater  part  of  both  elytra  in  natural 
conjunction,  must  be  separated  from  the  two  preceding  by  its  still  broader 
elytra  with  more  rapidly  tapering  apex.  The  elytra  are  slightly  less  than 
three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  with  sides  parallel  throughout 
three  quarters  of  their  length,  then  suddenly  tapering,  the  extreme  tip 
shaped  as  in  the  other  species,  only  more  produced,  so  as  to  form  more  dis- 
tinctly a  kind  of  lobe,  the  outer  margin  being  very  slightly  and  roundly 
excised  just  before  the  produced  tip.  The  surface  is  perhaps  even  rougher 
thar.  in  the  other  species,  but  the  striae  appear  to  be  less  sinuous;  the  scu- 
tellar  stria  is  destroyed  in  both  elytra  of  the  single  specimen  before  me ;  the 
outer  stria  terminates  as  in  B.  tertiaria,  but  the  inner  pair  of  the  middle 
serier  of  striae  is  here  the  longer,  extending  barely  to  the  tip  of  the  outer 
stria,  while  the  outer  pair  is  a  little  shorter ;  the  produced  tip  of  the  elytra 
is  a  little  shorter  than  in  the  preceding  species,  but  similarly  rounded 

apically. 

Length  of  elytron,  6.7"™;  breadth,  2""". 

Nikola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.     One  speci- 
men, No.  53  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 


496  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Family  ELATERID^  Leach. 
OXYGONUS  LeConte. 

OXYGONUS   MORTUU8. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  no.  111. 

Oxygonut  mortuus  SciicJ.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  81  (1876). 

The  single  elytron  and  its  reverse  obtained  is  slender,  the  humeral 
angle  well  rounded,  the  outer  edge  apparently  a  little  niarginate  ;  it  is 
almost  equal  until  near  the  tip,  when  it  tapers  to  a  point.  This,  peculiarity 
leads  me  to  refer  it  to  O.vygonus,  although  the  apex  is  not  produced  so  much 
as  in  recent  species  of  that  group.  It  is  furnished  with  eight  equidistant, 
rather  strongly  impressed,  but  delicate  striaj,  that  nearest  the  suture  almost 
incroaching  upon  the  margin ;  these  strife  are  equidistant  anteriorly  and  in 
the  middle,  but  posteriorly  they  converge  toward  each  other. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.55""°  ;  breadth,  1.72""°  ;  distance  of  striae  apart, 
0.2°"°. 

,  Fossil  Caflon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

CORYMBITES  Latieille. 

COKYMBITES  VELATU8. 
CorymbiteH  velatiis  Sciidil.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  II,  81  (1876). 

A  single  specimen,  with  its  reverse,  found.  The  head  and  prothorax 
are  gonei,  but  both  upper  and  under  surface  of  the  rest  of  the  body,  includ- 
ing the  elytra,  may  be  seen  in  each  impression  with  nearly  equal  dis- 
tinctness. The  insect  appears  to  have  been  about  the  size  of  C  median  us 
(Genu.),  but  more  closely  allied  in  form  to  C.  splendens  (Ziegl).  The  legs 
have  been  destroyed,  but  the  middle  and  hind  coxal  cavities  may  be  seen. 
The  elytra  are  of  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  acutely  angled,  almost  pointed 
at  the  tip,  and  furnished  near  the  outer  edge  with  a  broad  and  shallow  fur- 
row, whose  outer  limit  is  abrupt  and  thus  well  marked.  Besides  this  the 
elytra  are  faintly  and  distantly  striate,  with  five  or  six  rows  of  striae,  and 
the  mesosternum  and  met:iaternum  are  very  delicately  granulate. 

Length  of  fragment,  G""" ;  breadth,  ii"""" ;  distance  between  anterior 
edges,  of  middle  and  hind  coxae,  l.TS"""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  137  and  15249  CF.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 


COLEOrTEUA— ELATEKLDJ:. 


497 


CRYPTOHYPNUS  Eschscholtz. 


ji    CkYPTOIIYPNUS  ?    TEKBE8TBIS. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  30.  \';f 
Cryplohypnust  terreilris  Sciidd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Gool.  Snrv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  181-182K  (187i>). 

A  single,  very  nearly  perfect,  elytron,  broken  slightly  at  the  base, 
which  belongs,  with  little  doubt,  to  the  Elaterichu,  is  provisionally  referred 
to  this  genus.  The  form  of  the  elytron  is  as  in  C.  planatus  LeC,  which  is 
slightly  larger  than  the  fossil  species.  The  surface  is  very  minutely  punc- 
tato-rugose,  and  the  striaj  are  sharp  and  clearly  defined.  In  nearly  all 
Elateridse  the  fourth  stria  from  the  suture  unites  with  the  third  rather  than 
with  the  fifth,  although  it  often  runs  independently  to  the  tip.  In  Crypto- 
hypnus  there  appears  to  be  more  latitude,  nearly  any  of  the  stria;  uniting 
with  either  of  their  neighbors ;  and  in  this  species  the  fourth  unites  with 
the  fifth  some  distance  before  the  tip,  while  the  first  three  run  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  elytron,  and  the  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth,  following  the 
curve  of  the  outer  margin,  terminate  near  the  tip  of  the  third  stria. 

Length  of  elytron,  5.5™"';  breadth,  1.75""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  speci- 
men. No.  5»  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

From  the  same  locality  were  brought  the  remains  of  another  insect, 
consisting  of  the  metasternal  .plates,  one  side  complete,  the  other  broken, 
and  plainly  belonging  to  the  Elateridae.  The  perfect  side  agrees  so  well 
with  the  same  part  in  Cryptohypnus  planatus  LeC.  that  I  refer  it  to  tlie 
fossil  species  above  described,  which  its  size  renders  entirely  admissible.  It 
is,  however,  relatively  longer  than  in  C.  planatus,  the  perfect  half  being 
about  a  third  longer  than  broad,  not  including,  of  course,  the  side  pieces, 
which  are  not  preserved.  The  surface  is  densely  and  rather  heavily  punc- 
tate, more  densely  and  perhaps  less  deeply  next  the  coxal  cavities ;  the 
median  line  (separating  the  two  lateral  haWes  of  the  whole  metasternum) 
is  very  deeply  impressed,  but  the  furrow  dies  out  anteriorly  in  the  projec- 
tion between  the  coxae. 

Longth  of  metasternum,  2.1""'. 
VOL  xiii 32 


o 


498 


TE14TIAUY  IN8E0TS  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 


EPIPHANIS  Eschscholtz. 
Epiphanis  dei.etus. 

PL  5,  Figa.  113, 114. 

Epiphania  delelus  Sciidd,,  Bull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11,  80-81  (1876). 

On  account  of  the  structure  of  the  antennae  and  general  resemblance  of 
this  insect  to  Epiphanis  cornutus  Eschsch,  I  have  placed  it  in  the  same 
genus ;  bat  the  lorm  of  the  prothorax  differs  somewhat  in  the  two  species. 
The  head  is  moderately  large,  subquadrate,  the  antenna;  uioniliform,  com- 
posed of  twelve  (preserved)  equal  joints.  The  thorax  is  nearly  quadrate 
with  straight  sides,  the  front  lateral  angles  rectangular,  the  front  border 
straight  or  scarcely  concave,  the  hind  border  slightly  angulate  ;  the  elytra 
are  slender  and  taper  from  the  miildle  backward ;  they  are  too  poorlj'  pre- 
served to  show  the  markings. 

Length,  5""° ;  breadth,  1.52""° ;  length  of  head,  0.94""" ;  breadth  of 
same,  0.96"™  ;  length  of  prothorax,  1.12"";  breadth  of  same,  1 .24"" ;  length 
of  elytra,  2.85"";  breadth  of  same,  0.76"";  length  of  antennae,  1.6"";  of 
sixth  joint  of  same,  0.1 3"". 

Fossil  CaQon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Elatehid^e  ?  sp. 
PI.  2,  Fig.  28. 

ElattrMccf  ap.  Scntld.,  Rep.  Propr.  Oeol.  Surv.  Can.,  1877-1678,  182B  (1879). 

In  the  Collection  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  there  is  an  elytron 
with  the  base  nearly  destroyed  which  resembles  in  striation  the  Hydro- 
philidae,  but  is  far  too  elongated  to  belong  to  that  family,  resembling  rather 
the  Elateridae.  It  is  so  imperfectly  preserved  that,  perhaps,  a  nearer  determi- 
nation is  impossible  at  present.  There  are  eight  rather  faintly  impressed  but 
distinct  striaj,  the  outermost  a  little  more  distinct,  especially  toward  the  tip. 

Width  of  elytron,  1.25"" ;  its  apparent  length,  4.5"". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen. 
No.  60  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 


**» 


a 


«» 


COLEOPTKBA— NITIDULIDiE.  499 

Family  BYRRHID^C  Leach. 
NOSODENDRON  Lntreillo. 

NOSOUENDRON   TRITAVUM. 
PI.  7,  Fiff.  36, 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved,  a  little  larger  and  a  little  stouter  than 
our  N.  unicolor,  and  which  shows  the  under  surface  of  the  body  witli  the 
head  bent  under  and  with  the  elytral  markings  showing  through  to  a  certain 
extent.  The  head  appears  to  be  smooth  ;  four  segments  are  shown  behind 
the  hind  coxa;,  occupying  about  one-third  of  the  abdomen,  and,  excepting 
for  the  slightly  longer  posterior  segment,  of  equal  length  and  all  uniformly, 
profusely,  and  minutely  punctate.  The  elytra  show  here  and  there  signs 
of  faintly  impressed  distant  striae,  which  do  not  appear  on  the  plate. 

Length  of  body,  5°"° ;  breadth,  3.0""°  ;  distance  apart  of  elytral  striaj, 
0.2""", 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No,  86  (Dr,  A,  S.  Packard). 

Family  NITIDULIDyE  Leach. 

PHENOLIA  Erichson. 

Phenolia  incapax. 


r*» 


T  * 


PI.  7,  Fig.  23. 
Phmolia  incapax  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  II,  80  (1876). 

Represented  only  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse,  showing  the 
under  surface  of  the  body,  from  wliich  the  appendages  have  been  torn.  It 
closely  resembles  in  size,  form,  and  the  relation  of  the  parts  P.  grossa 
(Fabr.),  but  differs  from  it  in  the  character  of  the  under  surface  of  the  body, 
which  in  the  fossil  species  is  very  minutely  and  very  faintly  punctulate, 
and  the  posterior  edges  of  the  segments  are  not  raised. 

Length  of  fragment,  5.5"" ;  of  abdomen,  2.3"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  3""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  133  and  15201  (F.  G. 
A.  Richardson). 


mxmfimmfa^ 


(t 


500 


TEllTlAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


PKOMETOPIA  Erichson. 


PROMETOPIA   DEPILIS. 
PI.  2,  Fig.  29. 

Prometopia  depilh  Sciuld.,  Rep.  ProRr.  Quol.  Siirv.  Ciin.,  1875-1870, 278-27(1  ( French  O(l.,:!08-:!00)  (1877). 

This  beetle  appears  to  belong  to  the  Nitidulidiis  but  where  it  should 
be  generically  located  is  a  matter  of  some  doubt.  It  resembles  most  among 
our  American  forms  the  genus  in  which  I  have  provisionally  placed  it,  but 
so  few  really  generic  features  remain  that  one  can  judge  by  little  other 
than  accessory  characters.  The  head  is  wanting  and  the  thorax  is  broken, 
and  though  exhibiting  the  under  surface,  the  markings  of  the  elytra  can 
bo  readily  seen,  as  is  freciuently  tlio  case  in  fossil  beetles.  The  form  of 
the  elytra  and  scutelluni  is  precisely  that  of  Prcnetobia  sexmaculata, 
excepting  that  the  base  ofthe  elytra  is  more  distinctly  angulate ;  beneath, 
the  elytra  are  expanded  just  as  there,  and  punctured  in  much  the  same 
irregular  and  minute  manner,  but  eipially  so  at  the  extreme  border 
beneath,  instead  of  being  furnished  at  this  i)oiiit  with  transverse  rugai ;  the 
punctures  are  0.028"""  in  diameter,  and  do  not  give  origin  to  hairs;  the 
elytra  are  dark  castaneous,  and  have  a  dull  ridge  along  the  sutural  margin. 
The  thorax  is  black  and  proportionally  shorter  than  in  Prometopia,  but 
otherwise  it  appears  to  have  the  same  form,  although  the  characteristic  lat- 
eral projections  of  the  front  border  are  broken  off,  only  the  slightest  indica- 
tion of  that  on  the  left  side  appearing  in  a  portion  of  the  curve  of  the  front 
border.  The  thorax  is  Uiore  minutely  punctate  than  the  elytra,  and  the 
punctic  are  coimected  by  the  slightest  possible  impressed  lines,  giving  it 
somewhat  of  a  corrugated  appearance ;  a  few  of  the  abdominal  segments 
may  be  seen,  the  pygiuium  extending  ji.st  beyond  the  elytra;  all  these 
joints  are  black,  smooth,  and  shining,  w'liiout  trace  of  hairs  or  punctures. 

Length  of  fragment,  5.5""";  length  of  middle  of  thorax,  1.25™"';  breadth 
of  same,  3.2"";  length  of  elytra,  STS'"";  b*-  adth  of  united  elytra,  3.35""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.    One  specimen,  No.  24  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 


t 


MHMM 


(t 


t 


COLliOPTEBA— OUCUJIDiE.  501 

Family  CRYPTOPHAGIDyE  Kirby. 
ANTJIEUOIMIAGUS  Latreille. 

AnTHEROPHACJUS   PKI8CUS. 
PI.  7,  Figs.  24,  35. 

Aiilherophagua  priscuH  Sciuld.,  Hull.  U.  S.  GboI.  (inonr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  II,  79-80  (1870) ;  in  ZIttol,  Handb.  d. 

I'nliiiont.,  I,  ii,  7tP"J,  Kij,'.  1051  (IHai). 

Sovoml  specimens,  representing  either  the  upper  or  the  under  surface  of 
the  body,  have  been  obtained.  They  resemble  A.  ochraceus  Melsh.  in  general 
ai)j)earance.  The  head  is  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax  and  well  rounded ; 
the  eyes  are  about  circular,  0.11"""  in  diameter ;  the  mandibles  are  stout, 
about  twice  as  long-  as  their  breadth  at  base,  tapering  but  slightly ;  the 
labium  is  narrow.  The  prothorax  is  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  smooth, 
the  front  border  slightly  concave  above,  rather  strongly  concave  below,  tiie 
sides  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  anterior  angles  rectangular,  the  pos- 
terior loss  prominent,  the  hind  border  broadly  convex.  The  prosternum 
and  the  other  sternal  portions  of  the  thorax  seem  to  be  delicately  gran- 
ulose  ;  the  middle  coxiu  are  about  equidistant  from  the  others,  or  perhaps 
slightly  closer  to  the  hind  pair,  and  the  fore  coxaj  are  more  closely  appro.x- 
iniated  to  each  other  than  the  others,  being  separated  by  less  than  their 
own  width.  The  scutellum  is  small,  scarcely  longer  than  broad.  The 
elytra  are  smooth,  equal,  tapjring  only  near  the  tip,  the  extremity  of  each 
independently  and  roundly  pointed. 

Length,  3.2"'"' ;  breadth,  1.65™"' ;  breadth  of  head,  LOS-""- ;  of  prothorax, 
LSS™";  length  of  same,  0.75""";  of  elytra,  2.1""';  breadth  of  same,  0.9°'"'. 

Green   River,   Wyoming.      Four  specimens,  Nos.  4191,   15152  and 
15143,  15202,  15252  (Richardson,  Bowditch,  Scudder). 


Family  CUCUJID^  Stephens. 

PARANDRITA  LeConte. 

Parandrita  vestita. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  41. 

Body  stout.     Head  quadrate,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  the  posterior  and 
lateral  margins  straight,  the  front  margin  between  the  bases  of  the  antennjB 


r: 


1)02 


TKUTIAllY  INSKCTS  OK  NOUTH  AAIKUICA. 


iimdo  of  tliroo  Hourly  oquXl  oniarginations,  one  at  the  base  of  onch  iiuindi- 
blo,  (iiid  one,  «li<,flitly  ln'oudcr,  the  emar^fi tuition  of  tlio  labruni.  Thoso 
Bcarcoly  Hhow  on  <ho  plato,  where  tlie  anterior  edge  wrongly  appears,  CHpo- 
cially  on  the  loft  Hide,  to  bo  soniewlmt  in  advance  of  the  front  margin  of 
the  eyoH.  RfandiblcH  large,  Htout,  nearly  as  long  m  the  head.  Eyes  sma^'., 
cinMilar,  Hitnatod  with  the  anteniue  at  the  anterior  angles  of  the  head,  as 
distant  as  possible  from  the  prothorax.  Prothorax  slightly  l)roader  than 
the  head  and  of  the  same  shape,  excepting  that  the  posterior  angles  are 
broadly  rounded  and  so  not  closely  connected  with  the  elytra,  the  humeral 
angles  of  which  are  also  rounded.  These  are  slightly  broader  than  the 
prothorax,  somewhat  longer  than  the  rest  of  the  body,  entire,  with  parallel 
sides  They  are  weakly  and  distantly  striate,  the  strim  marked  by  sparsely 
arranged  erect  seta?  about  as  long  as  the  interspaces.  Similar  seta;  are 
scattered  sparsely  over  the  head  and  prothorax  and  oven  the  base  of  the 
mandibles. 

Length  of  body,  7""";  of  head  and  mandibles,  1.75""";  of  prothorax, 
1.2"'"' ;  of  elytra,  4""' ;  bieadth  of  head,  2"'"  ;  of  prothorax,  2.3r)"'"' ;  of  ely- 
tra, 2.G5"'"'. 

This  species  differs  so  much  in  its  general  aspect,  and  especially  in  its 
comparative  breadth,  the  great  ])readth  of  the  head,  and  the  squareness  of 
the  prothorax,  from  P.  cephalotes  LeC,  with  which  I  have  especially  com- 
pared it,  that  I  have  hesitated  somewhat  to  place  it  in  the  same  genus. 
Casey  does  not  recognize  the  generic  distinction  of  Parandrita  from  Lfcmo- 
phlajus,  but  if  this  fossil  be  considered  a  member  of  the  group  there  can  be 
little  doubt  of  its  value. 

Green  Rivb. ,  Wyoming.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  87  (Dr.  A.  S.  Pack- 
ard); 83,  85,  95  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

Family  EROTYLID^  Leaeh. 
MYCOTRETUS  Chevrolat. 

MYCOTRETUS    BINOTATUS. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  30. 

Mycotreiua  binolaia  Scndd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Gool.  Geogr.  Snnr.  Terr.,  IV,  763-764  (1878);  In  Zittel,  H&ndb.  d. 

PaliBont.,  I,  ii,  800,  Fig.  1053  (1885). 

A  single  specimen  with  its  reverse  represent  the  dorsal  aspect  of  this 
species,  which  closely  resembles  M.  sanguinipennis  Lac.  in  shape.    It  is, 


wm^ 


:;.^i^*-i:i^t'. 


n 


COLEOPTEUA— STArnYLINIDiE. 


503 


however,  a  Httlo  smaller,  the  thorax  tapers  less  rapidly,  and  the  elytra  are 
not  striate.  The  head  is  badly  presorvod,  boinj^  crowded  under  the  thorax ; 
it  appears,  however,  to  bo  very  Hinull,  about  half  an  broad  us  the  thorax, 
with  a  broadly  rounded  front,  largo  eyes,  and  a  dark  color.  The  thorax  is 
about  two  and  a  half  times  broader  than  long,  with  slightly  convex  sides, 
regularly  tapering  toward  the  apex,  but  not  so  rapidly  as  would  seem  to  be 
required  for  so  proportionally  narrow  a  head  ;  the  front  border  broadly 
concave,  the  hind  border  very  obtusely  angulate,  scarcely  produced  as  a 
broaa  triangle  in  the  middle  ;  the  surface  is  of  a  light  color,  very  minutely 
and  profusely  punctulate,  the  hind  borders  faintly  marginato,  the  margin 
black  and  punctate.  The  elytra  are  more  elongate  than,  and  do  not  taper 
so  rapidly  as,  in  M.  sanguinipennis ;  they  are  of  the  color  of  the  thorax, 
even  more  delicately  punctulate  than  it,  with  two  small,  short,  black,  longi- 
tudinal, impressed  dashes  just  outside  the  middle,  and  just  before  the  end 
of  the  basal  third ;  the  basal  edge  of  the  elytra  is  marked  in  black,  much  as 
the  posterior  border  of  the  pronotum ;  and  the  scutellum  is  small,  owing 
to  the  encroachment  of  the  median  prolongation  of  the  prothorax. 

Total  length,  'Mt"""  ;  length  of  thorax,  0.6""" ;  of  elytra,  2..')""" ;  breadth 
of  head,  0.75"'"' ;  of  thorax  in  front,  1.2"'"' ;  behind,  1.45""";  of  elytra  at  the 
spots,  2.1""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  3990  and  4015. 

Family  STAPHYLINIDyE   Leach. 
OXYTELUS  Gravenhorst. 

OXYTELUS   PRI8TINU8. 

PL  5,  Figs.  118-120. 
OxyMut  priiUnut  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Qoogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11, 19  (1876). 

A  single  fairly  preserved  specimen,  but  of  which  none  of  the  append- 
ages excepting  the  elytra  are  visible.  Apart  from  the  labral  prolongation, 
which  is  as  in  other  species  of  Oxytelus,  the  head  is  subquadrate,  slightly 
broader  than  long,  the  eyes  occupying  the  whole  lateral  outline  and  but 
little  convex ;  the  sutural  divisions  of  the  under  surface  show  through  upon 
the  upper  surface  (which  is  exposed  to  view),  obscuring  somewhat  the  parts 
above.  The  prothorax  is  somewhat  injured,  but  was  evidently  subquadrate, 
a  little  broader  than  the  head,  nearly  a  third  broader  than  long,  the  front 


504 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


border  8Ugh.,ly  concave,  the  outfer  m<argin  a  little  convex,  the  posterior 
angles  and  posterior  border  exactly  as  in  Oxytelus  rugosus  (Grav.) ;  the 
surface  is  delicatel}  punctulate  as  in  the  species  named,  and  there  is  a  very 
slight,  shallow,  and  broad  median  longitudinal  sulcation,  whose  walls,  how- 
over,  are  not  elevated  into  ridges,  as  usual  in  the  species  of  Oxytelus.  The 
right  elytron  is  expanded,  an'l  is  therefore  in  the  most  favorable  position  for 
examination;  it  is  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  broad,  the  humeral 
angle  w;  '\  rounded  off,  the  outer  margin  very  gently  convex,  the  apex 
scpiarely  truncate  but  slightly  convex ;  he  surface  is  covered  rather  pro- 
fusely and  uniformly  with  shallow  circular  punctures  resembling  those  of 
the  prothorax,  and  averaging  about  0.04"'"'  in  diameter.  The  abdomen  is 
much  as  usual  in  Oxytelus,  the  sides  slightly  convex,  and  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen  bluntly  and  ratlier  regularly  rounded  ;  it  was  evidently  furnished 
rather  abundantly  with  very  fine,  si  ort  hairs. 

Length  of  body,  4.2""";  of  head,  0.78'"'";  breadth  of  same,  8"""; 
length  of  eyes,  0.54""";  breadth  of  same,  0.18'""";  length  of  prothorax, 
0.72""" ;  breadth  of  same,  CO""  ;  length  of  elytra,  1.22"'"' ;  breadth  of  same, 
0.75""";  breadth  of  abdomen,  1.16"'". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     W.  Denton. 

BLEDIUS  Leach. 
Bledius  adamus. 


jl-i 


PI.  8,  Fig.  10. 
nMiuH  adimiia  ScmM.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Gcol.  G«ogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  IV,  762  (1878). 

A  rather  poorly  preserved  specimen  slic.vs  the  dorsal  view  of  the  body 
without  the  legs  or  iintennu'.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  B.  annularis  LeC, 
and  resembles  it  in  general  appearance,  but  seems  to  have  shorter  teg- 
mina,  although  tlicoe  are  obscure  ;  it  is  also  a  rather  slenderer  species.  The 
head  is  large,  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  with  rather  large  eyes.  The  thorax 
is  quadrate,  and  the  elytra  together  quadrate,  and  of  the  same  size  as  the 
thoraA.  The  abdomen  beyond  the  elytra  is  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  body; 
apically  it  expands  somewhat,  and  the  extremity  is  shaped  as  in  the  species 
mentioned. 

Levrrth  of  body,  4.4"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  0.75°"'. 

Gi'icn  River,  Y/yoming.    One  specinirM,  No.  4081. 


I"     ! 


COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINIDiB. 


505 


4 


i 


A     BlEDIUS   GLACIATU8. 
P).  1,  Fig.  35. 

Allied  to  B.  brevidens  LeC.  A  singla  elytron,  about  *  vice  sis  long  as 
broad,  the  sides  almost  parallel  and  straight,  slightly  broader  tluan  elsewhere 
just  before  the  tip,  the  apical  margin  straight,  not  inclined,  the  outer  poste- 
rior angle  gently  rounded,  the  oi'ter  border  slightly,  tlie  inner  scarcely, 
margined,  the  deflexed  portion  of  the  outer  margin  narrow,  equal,  termi- 
nating at  the  middle  of  the  outer  half  Texture  delicate,  the  suiface 
slightly,  irregularly,  and  not  very  closely  punctate.  A  very  small  and 
rather  broad  scut  allum  is  indicated  by  the  sliape  of  the  inner  basal  angle, 
which  is  not  quite  accurately  given  on  the  plate. 

Lengtli  of  elytron,  1.9""";  breadtii,  1.1°"". 

Interglacial  clays  of  the  neighborhood  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One 
specimen.  No.  14540  (G.  J.  Hinde.) 

OXYPORUS  Fabricius. 


\ 


OxYPORUS   STIRIACU8. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  36. 

A  single  elytron,  less  tlian  twice  as  long  as  broad,  somewhat  broken  at 
the  base,  with  very  straight  and  almost  parallel  sides,  enlarging  to  tlie  least 
possible  degree  apically.  It  is  a  rather  small  species,  of  delicate  texture, 
with  smooth,  unsculptured  surface,  except  for  the  slightly  impressed  lines 
which  follow  the  sutural  and  outer  margins,  giving  a  thickened  appearance 
to  either  edge.  The  outer  margin  is  gently  and  regularly  convex,  the  outer 
posterior  angle  gently  rounded,  and  the  deflexed  portion  oi  the  outer  mar- 
gin very  narrow,  equal,  and  reaching  as  far  as  the  rounded  apical  part. 

Length  of  elytron,  1.8"™;  breadth,  1.12™"". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14552 
(G.  J.  Hinde.) 

LATHROBIUM  Gravenhorst. 

LaTUROBIUM   AliSCESSUM. 
PL  8,  Figs,  io,  21. 

XatAroMum  a6»oe»«a»»  Scndd.,  Bull.U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  791  (1870). 

Two  fragmentary  specimens  were  taken  by  Mr.  Richardson  near  Green 
River  Crossing,  Wyoming.    The  head  is  smooth,  subquadrate,  broader 


'  r- 


506 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


than  long,  with  slightly  convex  sides  and  hind  border,  the  eyes  of  medium 
size,  obovate,  <i  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the  head.  The  prothorax 
is  smooth,  as  broad  as  the  head,  shaped  quite  as  in  L.  elongatum  (Linn.), 
the  sides  straight,  the  anterior  angles  rounded  oflf,  the  whole  posterior 
border  well  rounded.  The  abdomen  is  also  as  in  the  species  mentioned, 
with  rounded,  tapering  tip,  but  the  elytra  are  shorter,  being  barely  as  long 
as  the  prothorax,  with  rounded  apices. 

Length  of  body,  6.25""" ;  of  head,  0.96""" ;  of  eyes,  0.25"'"' ;  breadth 
of  head,  1.02"'"';  length  of  prothorax,  1.16"'"';  of  elytra,  1.05""';  breadth 
of  abdomen,  1.2"'"'. 

The  above  i.s  the  original  description  of  the  species.  Since  then  other 
specimens  have  been  found  by  Dr.  I*ackard  and  myself,  some  of  which  are 
better  preserved.  These  show  that  the  head  is  of  about  equal  length  and 
breadth,  well  rounded,  and  with  the  surface  slightly  granular,  as  is  also 
the  prothorax ;  the  last  is  of  a  very  short  oval  shape,  with  regularly 
rounded  bides,  scarcely  more  prominent  anteriorly  than  posteriorly. 

Green  Piver,  Wyoming.  Seven  specimens,  Nos.  5,  165''  (F.  C  A. 
Richardson);  84,  94  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard);  3987,  4049,  4088  (S.  H.  Scudder). 


t 


Lathrobium  interglaciale. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  38. 

A  single  elytron  indicates  a  species  nearly  as  large  as  L.  grande  I  eC, 
but  with  coarser  sculpturing  than  is  common  in  this  genus  and  more  as  in 
Cryptobium ;  but  in  the  latter  genus  the  posterior  margin  is  outwardly  pro- 
duced. The  inner  basal  angle  indicates  a  pretty  large  scutellum.  The 
elytron  is  of  nearly  uniform  width,  with  a  nearly  straight  outer  margin  but 
gently  rounded,  the  greatest  width  close  to  the  tip ;  the  posterior  outer  angle 
is  roiuuled  off  and  the  posterior  margin  straight.  The  deflexed  portion  of 
the  outer  margin  is  narrow,  subequal,  rapidly  tapering  just  before  its  termi- 
nation, extending  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of  tho  elytron ; 
inner  margin  simple.  T'exture  dense,  the  surfac'e  of  elytron  coarsely,  rather 
shallowly,  and  not  very  closely,  irregularly  punctate,  and  marked  besides  by 
four  or  five  short,  shallow,  irregular,  longitudinal  grooves  just  within  and 
before  the  middle. 

Length  of  elytron,  2.5""  ;  width  of  upper  surface,  1.25""°. 

Interglacial  clays  near  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14555 
(G.  J.  Ilinde). 


vm 


'  r- 


vU 


t'S ' 


OOLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINID^.  507 

LEISTOTROPHUS  Perty. 

Leistotrophus  patriarchicus. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  112. 
Leistotrophui  patriarchicus  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Gebgr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  II,  78-79  (IWC). 

A  single  greatly  crushed  and  ill  defined  specimen.  Above,  the  head 
is  broader  than  long,  the  front  very  broadly  and  regularly  rounded,  the 
jaws  projecting  triangular  '  beyond  it ;  the  eyes  are  large,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  head  and  just  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  space  between  them ;  tlie 
whole  head  is  minutely  and  uniformly  granulate.  The  collar,  which  is  not 
granulate,  is  of  the  same  width  as  the  part  of  the  head  between  the  eyes, 
and  about  half  as  long  as  the  head ;  on  one  side  of  and  in  direct  connection 
with  this  are  some  crushed  fragments,  apparently  of  one  of  the  fore  coxaj 
and  femora,  which  distort  its  appearance.  The  prothorax  is  of  about  the 
size  of  the  head,  quadrate,  with  rounded  corners  and  a  slight  elevated  rim, 
without  punctures  or  granulations.  The  elytra  are  very  short,  broader 
than  long,  quadrate,  squarely  truncate  at  the  tip,  leaving  no  signs  of  an 
exposed  scutellum,  faintly  and  distantly  punctulate.  The  outline  of  the 
middle  coxae  is  impressed  through  the  remains  of  the  insect,  showing  them 
to  be  shaped  as  in  Creophilus  and  Leistotrophus.  The  abdomen  is  as  broad 
as  the  thorax,  not  much  longer  than  broud,  broadly  rounded  apically,  fur-^ 
nished  with  hairs  on  the  upper  surface  and  apical  tufts  as  in  Cieophilus 
villosus  (Grav.)  ;  there  are,  however,  no  signs  of  punctulation. 

Length  of  fragment,  12""" ;  of  head,  2.5""° ;  breadth  of  same,  3.7.5"'" ; 
length  of  eyes,  2"*" ;  breadth  of  same  (as  seen  from  above),  O.SS"" ;  length 
of  tegmina,  1.7.5"'"';  breadth  of  same,  2""»,  breadth  of  abdomen,  3.8""'; 
length  of  middle  femora,  2.3"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  O.d.5"'"' ;  length  of  middle 
coxae,  2,5"'"' ;  breadth  of  same,  LI"" ;  length  of  hind  femora,  2"" ;  of  hind 
tibiae,  2.5"". 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen  (W. 
Denton). 

QUEDIUS  Stephens. 

The  two  species  described  here  from  Florissant  differ  considerably 
from  each  other  in  general  appearance,  but  appear  to  be  structurally  simi- 
lar.   They  differ,  one  more  markedly  than  the  other,  from  modern  species 


'■'i'-'ji'i  <?"*,a.A,(i«ft^-     i*^'*^ 


1 


I  1 


508 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


of  the  genus  in  the  gre<at  brevity  of  the  antennre  and  of  their  separate  joints, 
as  well  as,  so  far  as  can  be  seen,  in  the  shortness  and  stoutness  of  the  legs. 

QUEDIUS   CHAMBERLINI. 
.    PI.  10,  Fig.  8. 

Head  moderately  large,  c  .ate,  with  a  slightly  constricted  neck. 
Antennjx!  considerably  longer  than  the  head,  reaching  about  to  the  middle 
of  the  thorax,  the  third  joint  a  little  longer  than  the  second,  scarcely 
increasing  in  breadth  apically,  the  last  joint  no  broader  than  the  penulti- 
mate and  scarcely,  if  at  all,  longer  than  broad.  Prothorax  fully  as  long  as 
the  head  and  narrower  than  long,  subequal,  smooth,  and  black.  Legs 
shorter  and  stouter  than  in  oar  smaller  species  of  Quedius,  but  otherwise 
similar.  Elytra  longer  than  the  prothorax,  of  the  same  color  and  densely, 
finely,  and  briefly  pilose.  Abdomen  black,  narrowing  posteriorly,  the  part 
beyond  the  elytra  longer  than  the  rest  of  the  body. 

Although  longer  than  in  the  other  species  of  Quedius  here  described, 
the  antenna;  are  still  markedly  shorter  than  in  our  living  forms. 

Length,  7.25""" ;  breadth,  1.5"'™. 

The  species  was  described  from  other  specimens  than  the  one  figured. 
It  is  named  for  the  distinguished  geologist.  President  Chamberlin,  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin. 

Florissant.  Four  specimens,  Nos.  1478,  6615  and  7083,  10627,  12057 
and  12483. 

Quedius  breweri. 

PI.  16,  Fig.  4. 

Head  largo,  ovate,  apparently  smooth,  with  distant  punctures,  the 
neck  slightly  constricted  ;  mandibles  stout  and  not  very  long ;  antennai  but 
little  longer  than  Jie  head,  increasing  very  slightly  in  size  apically,  the 
third  joint  a  little-  shorter  than  the  second,  the  last  subpyriform,  a  little 
longer  than  broad,  while  the  penultimate  is  broader  than  long.  Prothorax 
smooth  like  the  head,  not  at  all  exphmate,  apparently  of  about  equal  length 
and  breadth,  narrowing  a  little  anteriorly,  furnished  with  a  few  distant, 
scattered,  erect  bristles.  Legs  apparently  much  as  in  Q.  molochinus 
(Grav.),  to  which  it  appears  to  be  most  nearly  allied,  though  a  slenderer 
insect.      Elytra  rather  shorter  and  scarcely  broader  than  the  prothorax, 


w 


.t 


■WMM 


COLEOPTERA— STAPHYLINID^. 


509 


I 


thinly  clad  with  rather  long  hairs,  which  are  darker  than  the  al:o  sparse 
hairs  of  the  abdomen ;  abdomen  with  parallel  sides  and  rounded  tip. 

The  species  is  remarkable  for  its  slenderness,  the  brevity  of  the 
antennae,  and  the  stoutness  of  the  mandibles. 

Length,  8.5""";  breadth,  1.5"'™. 

The  species  was  described  from  other  specimens  than  the  one  figured. 
It  is  named  after  the  Western  explorer  and  botanist,  Prof  W.  H.  Brewer, 

of  Yale  College. 

Florissant.  Five  specimens,  Nos.  3863,  5800,  8259,  13(535  and  14161, 
besides  1.381  from  the  Princeton  Collection. 

GYROPHJ^NA  Mannerheim. 

GYKOPIIiENA   SAXICOLA. 

PI.  6,  Figs.  123,  124, 
Oyrophmna  saxieola  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  11,  78  (1870). 

A  single  specimen  of  a  species  allied  to  G.  vinula  Er.  has  the  head 
well  rounded,  with  large  round  eyes  and  a  rounded  labrum.  The  pro- 
thorax  is  but  vaguely  defined  on  the  stone,  and  is  apparently  of  about 
equal  breadth  v.  ith  the  head,  and  shorter  than  broad.  The  elytra  are  of 
equal  length  and  breadth,  each  with  a  pair  of  longitudinal,  straight,  deli- 
cate, raised  lines.  There  is  no  sculpturing  of  the  surfoce ;  no  wings  can 
be  seen,  nor  legs,  and  the  indistinctly  preserved  abdomen  is  shaped  as  in 
G.  vinula. 

Length  of  body,  1.84™"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

HOMALOTA  Mannerheim. 

HOMALOTA  KECISA. 
PI.  8,  Fig.  14. 
The  head  is  tolerably  large,  produced  and  tapering  anteriorly  but  well 
rounded  at  tip ;  eyes  globular,  moderately  large.  Thorax  a  little  broader 
than  tlie  head,  subquadrate,  broader  than  long  (but  this  feature  exaggerated 
in  tho  figure),  with  gently  rounded  sides  and  profusely  and  rather  delicately 
punctate  surface.  Elytra  together  considerably  broader  than  the  thorax, 
F.bout  as  long  as  their  united  breadth,  with  scattered  short  hairs  apparently 


510 


TERTIARY  i:iirSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


arising  from  shallow  punctae.  Abdomen  beyond  the  elytra  of  the  width  of 
the  thorax,  and  retaining  that  width  for  four  segments  ;  the  four  segments 
beyond  that,  and  especially  the  longer  penultimate  and  antepenultimate 
segments,  tapering  considerably,  the  last  segment  bluntly  pointed,  triangular. 
From  indications  in  the  clearer  parts  the  abdomen  would  appear  to  have 
been  faintly  and  ratlier  distantly  punctate. 

Length  of  body,  4.5""";  width  at  elytra,  l.l"'™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  No.  78  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard), 
No.  399G  (S.  II.  Scudder). 

STAPIIYLINITES  gen.  nov.  (Staphylinus,  nom.  gen.). 

»  Staphylinites  obsoletum. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  32. 

StaphyUnitea  ohaoUtum  Soadd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  78  (1876). 

The  single  specimen  obtained  is  too  poorly  preserved  to  determine 
until  further  material  is  obtained  to  what  genus  of  Staphylinidse  it  should 
be  referred.  Following,  therefore,  the  lead  of  Prof  Oswald  Heer  in  similar 
cases,  it  is  referred  to  a  provisional  genus  Staphylinites.  The  head,  thorax, 
and  abdomen  are  of  equal  breadth ;  the  eyes  are  round  and  rather  large ; 
the  posterioi-  border  of  the  pronotum  is  well  rounded ;  the  elytra  are  simple, 
about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  truncate,  and  very  broadly  rounded,  with  a 
large,  roundish,  very  dark  spot  occupying  the  whole  of  the  tip. 

Length  of  fragment,  3.2b'^'^;  orsadth  of  same,  1.25'°";  diameter  of 
eyes,  0.45"'"' ;  length  of  elytra,  1.25""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  15200  (Mr.  F.  C.  A. 
Richardson). 

Family  HYDROPHILID^E  Leach. 

CERCYON  Leach. 

CeRCYON   ?    TERBIGENA, 

PL  2,  Fig.  21. 

Ceroyon  t  terrigena  Scudd.,  Eep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can  ,  1877-1878,  179B  (1879). 

A  single  elytron  with  the  base  broken  off  appears  to  represent  a  species 
of  Hydrophilidse,  and  perhaps  is  most  nearly  related  to  Cercyon,  but  of  this 


OOLEOPTERA— HYDROPHILIDiB. 


511 


there  is  much  doubt.  The  elytron  is  pretty  well  arched,  equal  nearly  to 
the  tip,  then  rapidly  rounded  off,  indicating  an  ovate  beetle  with  the  shape 
of  a  Hydrobius  or  a  shorter  insect,  and  of  about  the  size  of  Helophorus  lineatus 
Say.  Eight  faintly  impressed  unimpunctured  striae  are  visible,  the  outer 
one,  and  to  some  extent  the  one  next  it,  deeper;  these  two  unite  close  to  the 
tip,  curving  strongly  apically ;  the  next  two  curve  slightly  near  their  ex- 
tremity, but  are  much  shorter,  not  reaching  tlio  fourth  stria  from  the  suture, 
which,  like  the  remaining  three,  pursues  a  straight  course  to  the  seventh 
atria.     The  surface  between  the  striae  is  nearly  smooth,  piceous. 

Length  of  fragment,  2.4"'";  breadth  of  elytron,  LSS™"" ;  distaii  c  apart 
ofthe  striae,  0.15""". 

Nicola  River,  below  main  coai  seam,  British  Columbia.     Oue  specimen, 

No.  57  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson). 

HYDROBIUS  Leach. 

Hydrobius  decineratus. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  27. 
Hydrohiui  decineratM  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  761  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  exhibits  tlio  dorsal  surface,  but  with  part  of  the  thorax 
gone.  It  represents  a  species  a  very  little  larger  tlian  H.  fuscipei  Curt,  of 
California,  and  is  apparently  allied  to  it,  though  slenderer;  the  head  and 
eyes  are  as  in  that  species;  the  tliorax  shorter  and  the  elytra  longer  and 
more  tapering  at  the  tips,  the  extremities  of  wliich,  however,  are  not  pre- 
served; they  are  furnished  with  eight  delicate  striae,  in  which  the  punctures 
are  scarcely  perceptible  even  when  magnified  •,  the  surface  otherwise  ap- 
pears to  be  smooth,  but  is  not  well  preserved.  The  scutellum  is  as  in  the 
recent  species  mentioned. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""" ;  of  elytra,  4.75"'"' ;  breadth  of  body,  3.6-". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  4007. 

Hydrobius  confixus. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  25. 
A  single  elytron  has  been  found,  perfectly  flat,  with  nearly  parallel 
sides  and  a  bluntly  pointed  apex.    It  shows  place  for  a  minute  scutellum, 
the  surface  is  smooth,  but  marked  by  nine  parallel,  equidistant,  slightly 


512 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


incised  strinc,  wliich  are  apparently  accompanied  (not  shown  in  the  plate) 
by  very  faint  and  rather  infrequent  punctures ;  all  the  strife  can  be  trace! 
almost  to  the  very  ti})  of  the  elytron,  some  of  tliem  uniting,  or  almost  uniting, 
as  shown  in  the  plate.  The  outer  edge  is  not  very  well  preserved,  and 
doubtless  a  tenth  stria  is  concealed  there. 

Length,  4""";  breadth,  1.7"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  79  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

PIIILlIYDliUS  Solier. 

PlIILHYDIlUS   PRIMiEVUS. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  5. 
Philhydrus  primmits  SoiuM.,  Hull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  11,78(1876). 

A  single  specimen,  wanting  head,  thorax,  and  legs,  but  exhibiting  at 
once  the  upper  and  under  svu  race  of  the  body  (like  specimens  mounted  after 
a  potash  bath),  represents  this  species,  which  is  poorly  drawn  on  the  plate, 
the  striae  being  too  far  apart  and  only  a  portion  of  them  shown.  Tlie  elytra 
taper  on  the  apical  third,  following  the  narrowing  form  of  the  abdomen,  and 
are  delicately  pointed ;  they  are  furnished  each  with  six  straight,  equidis- 
tant rows  of  distinct,  longitudinal,  punctate  stria;,  CIS""*  distant  from  one 
another. 

Length  of  elytra,  3.8""™ ;  breadth  of  same,  1.35""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No  15l!)9  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

Philhydrus  spp. 

Two  specimens  (Nos.  4033,  4042)  of  species  of  Philhydrus  were  found 
by  Mr.  F.  C.  Bowditch  and  myself  at  the  same  Green  River  locality,  but 
neither  of  them  is  very  perfect,  representing  little  else  than  elytra,  and  these 
rather  obscurely  preserved.  Tiie  larger  species  has  smooth  elytra;  the 
elytra  of  the  other  have  eight  delicate  striaj,  which  apparently  are  not  punc- 
tured.    Possibly  one  or  both  should  be  referred  to  Hydrobius. 

Length  of  elytra  of  larger  species  (No.  4033),  4""° ;  breadth  of  body, 
3.2'"'". 

Length  of  elytra  of  smaller  species  (No.  4042),  3,75""' ;  breadth  of 
body,  3™'". 

Mention  of  these  was  made  by  me  in  the  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr,  Surv. 
Terr.,  IV,  7GI  (1878). 


COLEOPTERA— HYDUOPUILID-^. 


513 


LACCOBIUS  Erichson. 

LaCCOBIUS    EL0NGATU8. 


PI.  7,  Figs  27,  28. 

LaeeohiM  flongatui  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Oeo({r.  Siirv,  Torr.,  IV,  761  (187S). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  exhibit  the  elytron  of  a  slender 
species  of  Laccobius.  It  is  more  than  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than 
broad,  and  is  furnished  with  thirteen  equidistant,  delicately  punctured, 
faintly  impressed  striae,  the  punctures  of  which  are  more  apparent  on  the 
basal  than  on  the  apical  half ;  the  inner  stria  is  as  distant  from  the  sutural 
border  as  from  the  neighboring  stria,  while  the  outer  is  scarcely  separate 
from  the  outer  margin.  The  species  is  very  large,  and  also  very  slender, 
for  a  Laccobius,  in  which  genus,  however,  I  am  inclined  to  place  it,  from 
the  large  number  of  punctured  striae.  The  elytron  has  much  the  general 
appearance  of  that  of  a  Lebia,  but  the  number  of  striae,  of  course,  forbids 
such  a  reference. 

Length  of  elytron,  2.9°'"' ;  breadth,  1.1""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No.  81"  and  136^  (Mr.  F.  C. 
A.  Richardson). 

BEROSUS  Leach. 

BeROSUS   8EX8TRIATUS. 

PI.  7,  Fig.  40. 

Berotm  lexttriatua  Scndd.,  Ball.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  760-761  (1878). 

A  single  well  preserved  elytron  represents  a  species  scarcely  smaller 
than  B.  punctipennis  Chevr.  (undescr.^)  from  Mexico,  with  the  elytra  of 
which  it  also  agrees  in  the  character  of  the  tip  and  in  the  shape  of  the  whole, 
unless  in  the  fossil  it  tapers  more  toward  the  base  ;  the  latter  is  also  remark- 
able for  the  absence  of  tlie  two  lateral  striae,  the  others  retaining  their  nor- 
mal position  ;  and  for  the  delicacy  of  the  striae  themselves,  which  are  even 
more  faintly  impressed  than  in  B.  cuapidatus  Chevr.,  and,  unlike  all  Berosi  I 
have  seen,  are  nearly  devoid  of  any  sign  of  punctuation  ;  faint  traces  only 
can  be  seen  when  magnified  twenty-five  diameters.  As  not  unfrequently 
happens  in  Hydrophilidae,   although  I  have  not  noticed  it  in  Berosus,  a 


■Seen  in  the  coUeotion  of  the  late  Mr.  George  D.  Smith. 


VOL.  xni 33 


514  TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OP  NOKTII  AMKUICA. 

short  Bupplemontarv  stria  originates  near  the  base  (»f  the  second  stria,  push- 
ing it  a  little  to  one  side,  and  nms  into  the  first  stria  a  short  distance  from 
the  base  of  the  elytra.     Length  of  elytron,  4.5-"' ;  breadth,  1.4"-. 
Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  apecimen.  No.  4079. 

Bekosus  tknuis. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  8. 

nerosus  le«m.  Scu.Ul.,  •Jnll.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  7fiO  (1878). 

The  single  specimen  representing  this  species  is  preserved  on  a  dorsal 
view,  and  is  nnusally  slender  for  a  Berosus,  bnt  seeu>s  to  fall  here  rather 
than  in  any  other  of  the  hydrophilid  genera.     It  is  of  about  the  size  of  1  . 
cnspidatns  Chevr.  from  Mexico,  and  agrees  generally  in  appearance  with  it, 
but  is  slenderer,  and  the  tip  of  the  elytra  is  siniple ;  the  punctured  stna.  ai-e 
exactly  as  in  that  species,  as  far  as  they  can  be  made  our,      ihe  head  ,9 
large  and  well  rounded,  with  large  round  eyes.     The  pronotum  the  poste- 
rior  edgeof  which  is  partly  concealed  by  the  overlapping  base  of  the  elytra 
pushed  a  little  otit  of  place,  is  shorter  than  in  B.  cuspidatus,  with  rounded 
sides,  broadly  and  shallowly  concave  front,  and  apparently  sn.ooth  surface^ 
The  elytra  are  long  and  slender,  with  entire,  bluntly  pomted  t.ps,  and 
very  delicate,  finely  impunctured  stria..     The  whole  body  is  regularly  obo- 

vate,  broadest  in  the  middle.  ,  ,     r  ,    j      o  7r;mm 

Length  of  body,  5.65"™;  of  elytra,  4.15 ;  breadth  of  bod),  2.75    . 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4002. 
TROPISTERNUS  Solier. 
Tropisternus  sculptilis. 

I  rii.  «Sp.„1.1     Bun  U   8  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  IV,  760  (1878). 

In  a  specimen  and  its  reverse,  of  which  o,dy  the  abdomen  and  elyt.-a 
are  preserved,  we  have  a  well  marked  species  of  Tropisternus  of  about  the 
size  and  shape  of  T.  mexicanus  Castln.,  but  with  rather  frequ...  stru.,  n>ore 
distinct  than  in  that  species,  and  composed,  not,  as  there,  of  rows  of 
impressed  points,  but  of  continuous,  faintly  impressed  hues ;  the  hues  are 
apparently  eight  in  number  and  uniform  in  delicacy  and  distance  apart ; 
ZL  of  the  elytra,  however,  is  poorly  preserved,  the  elytra  are  rather 
slenderer  than  in  the  recent  species  mentioned,  and  the  extreme  tip  is 


t 


OOLBOPTEUA— UYDROlMlILIDifJ. 


515 


t 


rounded  and  not  acutely  pointed.     Dintinct  Htriation  of  the  elytra  is  rare  in 
TropistcrnuH,  hut  it  scarcely  seems  possihlo  to  refer  this  species  olsewliero. 

Length  of  elytra,  ({.5""" ;  breadth  of  combined  elytra,  5'"™. 

Green  lliver,  Wyoming.     One  s{)ecimen,  Nos.  3989  and  4084. 

TrOPISTEBNUS   8AXIALI8. 

PI.  8,  Fig.  2. 

TropinterniiK  •wlali*  Scurtd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Qeol.  Qeogr.  Siirv.  Tnrr.,  IV,  759-760  (1878). 

One  specimen  and  its  reverse,  found  by  mo  in  the  Green  River  shales, 
represents  a  s[)ecie8  of  Tropisternus  nearly  us  huge  as  T.  binotatus  Walk, 
from  Mexico.     The  large  size  of  the' head  and  the  shortness  of  the  prothorax 
are  doubtless  due  to  the  mode  of  preservation,  the  whole  of  the  head, 
deflected  in  life,  being  shown,  while  the  thorax  is  in  some  way  foreshort- 
ened.    In  all  other  respects  it  agrees  with  the  llydrophilidaj,  and  espeoi-ally 
with  Tropisternus,  having  the  form  of  the  species  mentioned.     The  heau  is 
broad  and  well  rounded,  with  small,  lateral,  posterior  eyes.     The  thorax  is 
much  broader  and  much  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  rounded 
sides,  tapering  anteriorly,  the  front  margin  broadly  and  rather  deeply  con- 
cave, the  hind  border  gently  convex ;  the  scutellum  is  large,  triangular,  a 
little  longer  than  broad.     The  surface  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  is  appar- 
ently smooth ;  at  least  no  markings  nvd  discoverable,  excepting  the  line  of 
the  inner  edge  of  the  inferior  margination  of  the  sides  of  the  elytra,  which 
appears  through  the  latter,  as  do  also  the  abdominal  incisures  and  the  hind 
fetnora  and  tibiai.     These  legs  are  longer  and  slenderer  than  in  T.  bino- 
tatus, the  femora  extending  beyond  the  sides  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  tibia? 
are  armed  beneath  at  tip  with  a  pair  of  slender  spines,  which  tog'3ther  with 
the  tibia?  are  about  as  long  as  the  femora. 

Length  of  body.  6.65""" ;  of  elytra,  4.45""" ;  breadth  of  middle  of  body, 
3.25™"' ;  length  of  hind  femora,  2"'"' ;  of  hind  tibiae,  1.25™". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  4023  and  4027. 

HYDROCHUS  Germar. 

HyDROCHUS   AM1CTU8- 
Pl.  1,  Fig.  47. 

A  single  fragmentary  elytron  indicates  a  species  of  about  the  size  of 
H.  subcupreus  Rand.,  and  in  general  resembling  it.     The  figure  does  not 


516 


TKHTIAKY  1NHK(!T8  OF  NOUTII  AMKKICA. 


properly  rei)reHont  tlio  prominent  rounded  humeral  angle.  It  differH  from 
the  modern  species  mentioned  in  wanting  tho  special  prominence  of  the 
third  and  fifth  interspaces  over  the  intermediate  ones,  though  the  seventh 
and  eighth  are  elevated ;  the  jjunctures  are  also  a  little  less  pronounced, 
and  s<»  the  interspaces  wider ;  whence  douhtless  it  happens  that  the  minute 
hairs  which  are  confined  to  a  single  pretty  regular  row  in  the  interspaces  of 
the  living  species  are  scattered,  irregular,  and  more  numerous  in  the  f(»ssil. 
Length  of  fragment,  2.<)'"'" ;    probable  length  of  elytron,  2.8""";    its 

breadth,  1""". 

Ititerglacial   clay   beds  of  Scarboro,    Ontario.     One  specimen,  No. 

14504  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

HyOROCHXIS    KELICTU8. 
PI.  S,  Fig.  11. 

Head  rather  large,  rounded,  subtriangular,  broader  than  long  but 
prominent;  eyes  moderately  large,  globular,  somewhat  projecting.  'Phorax 
cylindrical,  broader  than  long,  a  little  broader  than  ^he  head,  broadest  in 
the  middle  and  narrowing  a  little  b  >th  in  front  and  behind,  the  sides  slightly 
and  rather  regularly  rounded,  fn  it  and  hind  l)order  nearly  straight,  the 
surface  apparently  a  little  roughened  and  with  very  short,  moderately 
stout,  scattered  hairs,  or  perhaps  only  the  latter.  Elytra  together  much 
broader  than  the  thorax,  with  well  rounded  ^.mieral  angles  and  with  ten 
longitudinal  punctate  stria?  (the  innermost  and  outermost  not  shown  in  the 

plate)  marked  by  short,  moderately  stout,  scattered  hairs,  about  half  as 

long  as  the  width  of  the  interspaces. 

Length  of  body,  3""";   of  thorax,  O.fi""";    of  elytra,  2""";   breadth  of 

thorax,  0.9""";  of  elytra,  l.S'""".     The  specimen  is  seen  from  above  but  with 

a  partially  lateral  view;   if  it   were  wholly  dorsal  the  width  of  the  elytra 

would  probably  be  1.'?"'"'. 

Green   River   beds,   Wyoming.      One   specimen,  No.  88  (Dr.  A.  S. 

Packard). 

HELOPHORUS  IlHger. 

Helophobus  rigescens. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  53. 
A  single  elytron  with  a  broken  tip  represents  this  species,  which  does  not 
seem  to  agree  closely  with  any  modern  form,  having  less  heavily  pmictate 


(JOLKOI'TKKA— (!AKAHI1),K, 


517 


i 


Htrio;  tind  flatter  intei'HparoH  tliun  any  known  to  me.  In  general,  in  color 
and  in  texture,  excepting  in  the  very  interruptedly  elevated  and  gibbouM 
interspaces,  "hicli  are  the  chief  cliaracteriHtic  of  the  elytra  of  H.  tubercu- 
latUH  Gyll,  it  might  be  compared  to  that  species,  but  it  agrees  better  in 
size  with  H.  scnbor  LoC  The  prominent  humeral  -mgle  h  not  properly 
shown  in  the  plate,  and  the  breadth  is  made  to  appear  too  great  from  the 
spreading  of  the  declivous  margin 

Length  of  fragment,  2.1""";  probable  length  of  elytron,  2.25""';  breadth 
in  natural  position,  0.7"'"'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario,  One  specimen,  No.  14505 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 


Family  DYTISCID^  MacLeay. 
LACCOPIIILUS  Leach. 

LaCCOI'HILUS     •). 

PI.  5,  Pigs.  110,  117. 

La(mpMUt$  «p.  Boudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  T»rr.,  II,  78  (1870),  III,  7r>9  (1877/. 

A  fragment  of  a  leg  found  by  Mr.  Denton  in  Fossil  Gallon,  White 
River,  Utah,  must  be  referred  to  this  genus.  It  represents  the  hind  femur 
ard  tibia  of  a  species  allied  to  L.  maculosus  Germ  ,  but  is  so  uncharacter- 
istic a  fragment  that  it  is  not  worthy  of  further  mention. 


Family  CARABID^C  Leach. 
CHLiENIUS  Bonelli. 

CHLiENIUS   PUNCTOLATUS. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  7. 
Chlceniui  punctulatua  Horn,  Traus.  Anier.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  244  (1876). 

"One  elytron  of  the  size  and  very  siiiilar  to  that  of  C.  laticoUis,  from 
which  it  differs  in  having  the  striae  more  finely  impressed  and  the  punctures 
rather  closer,  while  those  of  the  intervals  are  coarser  and  less  numerous. 
Length,  .40  inch;  10"""'. 

"There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  generic  determination  is  correct  in 
this  instance."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 


mm 

1 


518 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Besides  a  short  humeral  stria  there  are  nine  others,  finely  but  sharply 
impressed,  with  frequent  punctures  at  irrej^ular  distances  as  if  they  were 
only  a  part  of  those  which  cover  profusely  the  whole  surface.  The  inter- 
spaces are  0.375"'"'  broad  in  the  middle  of  the  ilytra,  nearly  flat,  and 
besides  ihe  abundi;nt  punctuation  are  very  delicately  and  sharply  rugulose, 
much  as  in  Cymindis  aurora  from  the  same  beds. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

CYMINDIS  Latreille.    . 

Cymindis  aurora. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  6. 

Cii.Mndit  aurora  Horn,  Trans.  Amor.  Knt.  Soc,  V,  243  (1S7C). 

'•Elytra  Striai  moderately  deep,  indistinctly  punctured,  int?:val8 
irregularly,  b'.seriately  punctulate,  and  very  finely  alutaceous.  Length, 
.30  inch;  7.5""'. 

"The  greater  portion  of  both  elytra  remain,  somewhat  distorted  by 
pres-^i  and  retaining  much  of  the  chitinous  substance  A  species  is  indi- 
cate; ',>i\y  related  to  C  americana,  but  somewhat  larger.  The  punctua- 
tion of  the  intervals  and  the  arrangement  of  the  stria?  near  the  tip,  resemble 
so  closely  those  of  Cymindis,  thac  I  place  the  species  in  that  genus."  Horn, 
loc.  cit. 

The  striic,  although  very  distinct,  are  really  shallow,  and  are  very 
indistinctly  and  somewhat  irregularly  punctured;  the  interspaces  are  0.25'""' 
broad  in  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  and  the  surface  is  very  regularly  and 
most  deliciitely  and  sharply  rugulose  and  furnished  abundantly  with  irreg- 
ularly scattered,  somewhat  faint,  circular  punctures,  which  can  scarcely  be 
said  to  be  arranged  biseriate.'y,  although  they  are  more  frequent  along  lines 
which  are  slightly  nearer  the  stria3  than  the  middle  of  the  interspaces,  and 
also  to  a  less  extent  along  the  middle  line  of  the  interspaces.  The  length 
of  the  chitinous  portion  of  the  fragment  it.  6.5'"".  The  breadth  of  the 
elytron  and  the  number  of  striai  can  not  be  determined. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

PLATYNUS  Bonelli. 

The  several  species  of  Platynus  here  described  from  the  interglacial 
clay  beds  belong  to  one  type,  somewhat  di.stantly  represented  to-day  by 


».T 


J... 


COLEOl'TERA— CABABID^ 


<kr 


519 


P.  cronistriatus  LeC.  and  P.  rubripes  Zimm.,  in  which  the  stride  are  coarse 
and  punctured,  the  sutural  stria  insignificant  or  obsolescent,  and  the  surface 
texture  a  very  delicate  transverse  ribbing  nowhere  broken  up  into  a 
reticulation. 

Platynus  senex. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  38. 

Platynus  senex  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  759,  (1878.) 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse.     The 
upper  surface  is  shown  with  none  of  the  slenderer  appendages.     The  true 
form  of  the  head  can  not  be  determined,  as  the  edges  are  not  preserved. 
The  prothorax  is  unusually  square  for  a  carabid,  resembling  only  certain 
forms  of  Bembidium  and  Platynus,  and  especially  P.  variolatus  LeC.     It 
is,  however,  still  more  quadrate  than  in  that  species,  and  differs  from  it  in 
shape,  being  a  little  broader  than  long,  broadest  just  behind  the  middle, 
tapering  but  little  anteriorly,  and  scarcely  more  rapidly  at  the  extreme 
apex;  the  elytra  are  together  only  about  half  as  broad  again  at  base  as 
the  thorax,  and  are  furnished  with  eight  very  faint  and  feeble  striae,  appar- 
ently unpunctured,  the  one  next  the  margin  interrupted  by  four  or  five 
foveae  on  the  posterior  half  of  the  elytra;  the  humeral  region  is  too  poorly 
preserved  to  determine  the  striaj  at  that  point ;  the  form  of  the  elytra  is  as 
in  P.  variolatus. 

Length  of  body,  6.1""";  breadth  of  thorax,  Lfj"""  • 


together,  2.3""';  length  of  elytra,  4.1' 


base  of  elytra 


Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  Nos.  3998  and  3992. 


f 


Platynus  casus. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  42. 

A  single  elytron  is  preserved  in  the  beds  which  have  yielded  so  many 
Platyni,  which  seems  to  be  better  comparable  with  P.  rubripes  Zimw.  than 
with  any  other  living  form,  but  better  still  with  the  fossil  forms  from  the  same 
beds,  with  which  it  agrees  also  better  in  size,  though  it  is  a  trifle  broader, 
with  a  considerably  more  rounded  humeral  angle,  a  more  rounded  outer 
margin,  and  the  first  stria  closely  approximated  to  the  suture.  Except  in 
these  particulars  it  agrees  be.t  with  P.  halli ;  but,  somewhat  as  in  P.  rub- 
ripes though  with  less  regularity  in  size  and  distribution,  the  interspaces 


520 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 


are  filled  with  irregular  shallow  punctures,  which  run  more  or  less  together 
so  as  to  form  interrupted,  longitudinal,  adventitious  series  between  the  striae. 
The  intimate  texture  of  iiie  surface  is  much  as  in  P.  halli,  the  fifth  and 
sixth  striai  meet  at  a  distance  from  the  tip  and  the  sutural  stria  is  obsolescent 
and  brief 

Length,  4  7""" ;  breadth,  1.6""". 

Interglacial  clay  beds,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14523, 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 

X     Platynus  hindei. 

PL  1,  Fig.  54. 

A  number  of  fragments  occur  of  a  species  which  seems  to  be  allied  to 
P.  rubripes  Zinim.,  but  is  much  smaller  than  it  and  diifers  from  it  consid- 
erably. The  shape  of  the  elytron  is  much  the  same  as  there,  but  the 
humeral  angle  is  niore  pronounced,  the  striae  are  rather  coarser  and  perhaps 
a  little  more  heavily  punctate,  while  the  interspaces,  instead  of  being 
faintly  and  shallowly  pun.  .ate,  are  not  only  very  faintly  and  irregularly 
transversely  corrugate,  but  the  fine  sharp  reticulat'iv^n  of  the  living  specie** 
seen  under  strong  magnifying  power  is  entirely  absent  from  the  piceous 
surface  of  the  fossil,  being  replaced  by  a  scarcely  perceptible  dull  trans- 
verse ribbing.  The  fifth  and  sixth  stria;  are  also  united  only  a  little  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  elytron,  and  the  sutural  stria  is  very 
short  indeed  and  generally  inconspicuous. 

Length,  4.65"'™ ;  breadth,  1.5"'"'. 

Clay  beds  of  interglacial  deposits,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Nine  specimens, 
Nos.  14512,  14514,  14518,  ',14528,  14533,  14544,  14546,  14554,  14562 
(G.  J.  Hinde).  ^^' 

I  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  species  to  Dr.  G.  J.  Hinde,  to 
whose  industry  and  zeal  we  are  indebted  for  the  interesting  series  of 
interglacial  Coleoptera  shown  on  Plate  1. 


1? 


^ 


Platynus  halli. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  41. 

Another  species  of  Platynus,  allied  to  P.  crenistriatus  LeC,  is  still 
more  nearly  related  to  P.  hindei  just  described,  and  is  of  the  same  size,  and 
therefore  considerably  smaller  than  the  living  species,  to  which  it  bears  the 


COLEOPTERA— CARABIDJ3. 


521 


1? 


\\ 


nearest  resemblance.  Its  relations  to  P.  hindei  are  very  much  the  same  as 
those  of  P  rubripes  to  P.  crenistriatus,  the  strisc  being  deeper  and  coarser 
than  in  P.  hindei  and  the  punctui'es  larger  and  heavier.  Though  the 
humoral  angle  is  scarcely  so  prominent  as  in  P.  hindei,  the  texture  of  the 
surface  is  scarcely  different,  unless  in  being  slightly  more  marked,  while  in 
P.  crenistriatus  there  is  no  reticulation  or  cross  ribbing  whatever.  The 
early  union  of  the  fifth  imd  sixth  striai  again  marks  its  affinity  with  P. 
hindei,  and  the  sutural  stria  is  of  much  the  same  character,  though  slightly 
variable. 

Length,  4.65"'"';  breadth,  1.5""". 

Clay  beds  of  interglacial  age,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Three  specimens, 
Nos.  14520,  14524,  14525  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Named  in  honor  of  the  veteran  New  York  paleontologist.  Prof  James 
Hall. 

fi        Platynus  DiaSIPATtJS. 

PL  1,  Pig.  37. 

This  species,  which  is  of  the  same  size  as  P.  halli  and  agrees  with  it  in 
its  general  features  and  in  the  minute  texture  of  the  surface,  is  separated 
from  it  solely  on  account  of  the  grosser  sculpture  of  the  elytra,  since  the 
striaj,  which  are  equally  broad,  are  much  shallowe.^ — a  characteristic  which 
applies  as  well  to  the  punctures — and  are  li  s  distinct  on  the  sides  than  on 
the  interior  half  Neither  of  the  fragments  is  perfect,  though  one  has  all  but 
a  little  of  the  tip  and  permits  us  to  see  that  the  fi*"tii  and  sixth  stride  would 
unite  early,  as  in  those  species,  did  they  not  fade  out  altogether  before  unit- 
ing. There  is  at  least  one  puncture  in  the  third  interspace  as  far  fro  the 
base  as  the  width  of  the  elytron. 

Breadthof  elytron,  1.5™"'. 

Interglacial  clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos. 
14515,  14563  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Platynus  desuetus. 

PI.  1,  FiK8.  43,  51,  58. 

This,  the  largest  of  the  species  from  the  clay  beds  of  the  Canadian 
border,  is  more  nearly  allied  to  P.  crenistriatus  LeC.  than  to  any  other  liv- 


522 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ing  tjpecies,  agreeing  with  it  also  in  size,  vvliicli  none  of  the  other  fossils  do ; 
but  in  other  particulars,  including  ♦'•  intimate  texture  of  the  surface,  it 
agrees  better  with  its  conteniporarie  It  is  nearest  perhaps  to  P.  halli,  but 
the  stria;  and  punctures  are  a  little  less  pronounced,  the  insect  is  much 
larger,  and  the  fifth  and  sixth  stria?  meet  at  no  great  distance  from  the  tip 
of  the  elytron,  as  in  the  modern  species  mentioned.  There  appear  to  be 
three  punctures  in  the  third  interspace. 

Length  of  elytron,  5"'";  breadth,  2'""'. 

Clay  beds  of  interglacial  times,  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Six  specimens, 
Nos.  14477,  14478,  14486,  14516,  14526,  14538  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

K    Platynus  habttii. 


^ 


PL  1,  Fig.  31. 


This  species,  represented  by  a  couple  of  specimens  only,  is  the  smallest 
of  those  found  in  the  interglacial  deposits,  and  in  its  peculiarities,  especially 
in  the  distant  union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  strij«,  is  most  nearly  allied  to 
the  largest.  Its  outer  margin  is  well  rounded,  scarcely  marginate,  the 
humeral  angle  tolerably  prominent  but  well  rounded ;  the  stria;  are  coarse 
and  deep,  with  rather  heavy  but  not  very  distinct  punctures,  scarcely  broad- 
ening the  striixi,  while  the  piceous  surface  is  delicately  and  rather  faintly 
cross-ribbed.  The  marginal  stria  is  obsolescent.  There  are  apparently  two 
or  three  interspacial  punctures.     It  is  very  small  for  a  Platynus. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.6""";  width  of  one,  1.35"'"'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14475, 
14480  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Named  in  memory  of  my  fellow-student,  Prof  C.  F.  Hartt,  formerly 
director  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Brazil. 

Platynus  c^esus. 
PI.  7,  Fig.  34. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  couple  of  specimens,  one  showing  the 
closed  elytra,  the  other  the  whole  body  proper  and  the  fragment  of  a  leg. 
It  appears  to  be  a  true  Platynus.  Tiie  head  is  obscure,  but  apparently 
longer  than  broad,  with  medium-sized  circular  eyes.  The  pronotum  is 
broad  sublyriform,  the  front  margin  scarcely  concave,  the  anterior  angles  a 


COLBOPTERA— 0ABABID.13. 


523 


little  more  than  rectangular  and  well  defined,  the  sides  convex,  the  poste- 
rior angles  very  much  rounded  off,  the  hind  margin  otherwise  gently  con- 
vex ;  it  is  brq^est  slightly  behind  the  middle,  strongly  margined  at  the 
sides,  followed  by  a  distinct  neck,  which  is  half  the  width  of  the  pronotum. 
The  elytra  are  oval,  strongly  margined,  the  humeral  angles  almost  as 
strongly  rounded  as  the  hinder  margin,  the  striae  coarse,  with  no  indication 
of  punctures. 

Length  of  body,  6""";  of  pronotum,  1.4""";  of  elytra,  3.25'"'";  second 
specimen,  3.5™";  width  of  pronotum,  1  76'"" ;  of  elytra,  2.2  (2.25)"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  83,  85  TDr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 

DIPLOCHILA  BmlU. 

In  this  genus  I  place  provisionally  a  fine  but  headless  specimen  from 
Florissant,  rather  imperfectly  preserved  as  regards  the  elytra,  and  which  was 
accidentally  placed  with  the  Heteroptera  from  appearing  to  luive  a  large 
scutellum,  due  to  the  impress  of  underlying  parts.  There  seems  to  be 
nothing  nearer  among  our  native  Coleoptera.  No  fossil  form  has  previously 
been  recognized  in  this  genus,  which  is  a  widely  distributed  one  in  various 
parts  of  the  globe. 

DiPLOCHILA   I    HENSHAWI. 
PI.  28,  Fig.  9, 

A  species  is  indicated  of  the  size  and  general  appearance  of  D.  major, 
but  it  differs  so  much  that  it  is  very  doubtful  if  it  belongs  to  the  "-enus. 
The  finding  of  fresh  material  will  probably  determine  this.  The  head  is 
jacking.  The  form  of  the  thorax  is  somewhat  similar  so  far  as  can  be  told ; 
much  has  been  worked  out  from  the  stone  since  the  drawing  was  made,  but 
the  front  part  is  imperfect  by  the  removal  of  an  angular  fragment  followino- 
an  angulate  sulcation  not  uncommon  in  Carabida^,  but  here  excessively  deen ; 
the  thorax  narrows  more  rapidly  and  considerably  than  in  D.  major,  with 
angulate  rather  than  sinuate  sides,  so  that  the  thorax  is  one-half  wider  at 
base  and  two-thirds  wider  at  the  widest  than  at  apex.  The  ovate  form  of 
the  abdomen  with  the  closed  elytra  is  rather  more  like  that  of  Carabus  than 
of  Diplochila,  the  elytra  apparently  furnished  with  distant  slightly  impunctate 
striae.     The  legs  are  constructed  on  the  carabid  type;  the  middle  and  hind 


524 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


feraom  are  of  equnl  size,  the  liind  tibhi;  considerably  longer  than  the  femora, 
furnished  with  a  superior  sharp  carination ;  they  expaiul  slightly  at  the  tip, 
and  are  armed  with  a  pair  of  long,  unequal  spurs ;  hind  tar^  a  little  longer 
than  the  tibia'.,  the  first  two  joints  are  subequal,  very  long,  each  almost  as 
long  as  the  third  to  the  fifth  together ;  these  subecpial,  the  last  apically  sub- 
bullate  and  armed  with  a  pair  of  rather  short  claws.  Apparently  the  whole 
body  was  uniformly  black. 

Length  of  fragment,  14""";  breadth  across  middle  of  thorax,  6.5°""; 
across  closed  elytra,  9.2'""';  length  of  hind  tibia,  G.4"'"' ;  tarsus,  7. 1'""';  first 
tarsal  joint,  2.75"'"'. 

Named  for  my  excellent  friend,  the  well  known  American  entomologist, 

Mr.  Samuel  Henshaw,  of  Cambridge. 

Florissant.     One  specimen.  No.  8201. 

DIC^LUS  Bonelli. 

DlC^LUS   ALUTACEU8. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  8-10. 

Dicahu  alutaceus  Horn,  Traus.  Amer.  Eut.  Soc,  V,  244  (1876). 

"  Two  elytra  much  flattened,  retaining  their  proper  position  in  relation 
to  each  other,  remain,  with  but  little  of  their  actual  substance  enough  how- 
ever to  indicate  the  surface  sculpture. 

"  A  species  is  indicated  bearing  a  close  relationship  to  dilatatus,  but 
with  the  intervals  somewhat  more  convex  and  the  surfiice  more  distinctly 
alutaceous.  The  humeral  carina  appears  to  have  been  extremely  tine  and 
rather  less  elevated  than  in  dilatatus. 

"  Elytra.— Length,  .70  inch,  17.5"'"'.    Width,  .40  inch,  IC"". 

"  The  measurement  includes  also  the  portion  of  the  elytra  covered  by 
the  base  of  the  thorax.  With  proper  allowance  being  made  for  flattening  a 
species  is  indicated  of  as  large  size  as  our  largest  purpuratus  but  relatively 
narrower."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

The  stric-E  are  seven  in  number,  besides  the  humeral  stria,  and  are  0.65""" 
apart  in  the  middle  of  the  elytra.  The  length  of  the  largest  fragment  is 
1 7"'"';  the  breadth  of  one  elytron,  4.9'"'". 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Peimsylvania. 


■ 


mm 


COLEOPTERA— OARABIDyE. 

DiC-ELUS   sp. 


525 


PI.  1,  Fig.  15. 
DicitUit  »p.  Horn,  Trans.  Amfr.  Ent.  8oo.,  V,  244  (1876). 

"  Another  species  of  much  smaller  size  than  the  preceding  [D.  alutaceus 
Horn]  is  indicated  by  an  impression  of  the  greater  part  of  both  elytra  and 
a  very  small  fragment  of  one  elytron,  resembling  D.  elongatus.  The  carina 
appears  to  be  of  similar  length  and  the  intervals  moderately  convex,  equal 

and  smooth.  ^  . 

«'No  measurements  can  be  given  as  I  have  not  sufficient  material  on 
which  to  base  them  and  I  must  also  leave  the  species  nameless."     Morn, 

loc  cit.  .       •    iU 

I  have  seen  only  the  specimen  figured.     The  surface  sculpturing  is  the 

same  as  in  D.  alutaceus,  but  the  species  being  smaller  the  striae  are  of  course 

closer;  but  in  addition  to  this  there  are  more  of  them,  as  there  are  nine  in 

all ;  their  average  distance  apart  in  the  middle  of  the  elytron  is  0.4"".     The 

width  of  the  two  elytra  together  is  7"'"'. 

The  fragment  is  too  imperfect  to  require  a  name  at  present. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 
PTEROSTICHUS  Bonelli. 

PtEROSTICHUS   ABR0GATU8. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  39. 

A  fragment  of  an  elytron  indicates  a  species  closely  allied  to  F.  hercu- 
laneus  Mann  in  elytral  structure  and  of  probably  about  the  same  size. 
The  sutural  stria  is  similar;  there  are  the  same  broad  and  deep,  simple 
strijB,  only  they  are,  if  anything,  broader  and  deeper  in  the  fossil.  The 
interspaces  are,  however,  flatter  than  in  the  recent  species,  and  the  intimate 
texture  of  the  surface,  instead  of  showing  a  very  distinct  reticulation  of 
minute  imbricated  cells  with  sharply  defined  walls,  is  almost  entirely  smooth, 
the  faintest  sign  only  of  such  tracery  being  visible  with  strong  magnifica- 
tion.    The  first  stria  is  also  at  an  unusual  distance  from  the  margin.     The 

color  is  piceous. 

Length  of  fragment,  5"™;  width  of  same,  2"";    presumed  length  of 

elytron,  7.5«™.  . 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.     One  specimen.  No.  14560, 

(G.  J.  Hinde). 


526 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


PtEKOSTICHUS   D0RMITAN8. 


PI,  1,  Figs.  49,  55. 

This  apecies,  represented  by  two  opposite  ends  of  elytra,  is  very  close 
indeed  in  size  and  general  character  to  P.  laetulus  LeC.  It  may  be  slightly 
smaller,  but  not  enough  to  be  worth  specifying.  The  color  is  different, 
being  testaceous  instead  of  a  dull  metallic  green.  There  are  the  same 
delicately  traced,  indistinctly,  distantly,  and  delicately  punctate  striae ;  a 
sutural  stria  of  the  same  character,  and  similarly  flattened  interspaces.  The 
intimate  surface  structure  of  the  interspaces  is  similar,  but  the  cells  of  the 
present  species  are  a  little  smaller  than  in  P.  laetulus,  with  coarser  and  less 
prominent  walls,  and  therefore  giving  a  much  less  delicate  reticulation. 
The  third  interspace  is  not  well  enough  preserved  to  tell  anything  about 
the  punctures. 

Length  of  largest  fragment,  4.5"™ ;  breadth  of  elytron,  2'""'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.     Two  specimens,  Nos.  14503, 
14508  (G.  J.  Hinde).       'r         d&^-^^l"-" 

u)    Pterostichus  destitutus. 

PI.  1,  Fig.  44. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  elytron  of  a  mahogany  color, 
which  seems  to  be  nearly  related  to  P.  sayi  Brulle  and  of  the  same  shape, 
tliough  a  considerably  smaller  species.  The  cliaracter  of  the  stria",  in  depth 
and  punctuation  is  quite  as  in  P.  sayi,  but  the  interspaces  are  flatter,  and 
the  delicate  transverse  reticulate  striation,  finely  traced  in  P.  sayi,  is  here 
inconspicuo.-  -...d  dull  and  more  irregular.  The  present  species  has  a 
similar  sutural  stria,  but  apparently  no  puncta  in  the  third  or  any  other 
interspace,  though  it  is  possible  that  one  exists  in  the  place  occupied  by  the 
posterior  one  in  P.  sayi.  One  peculiarity  of  the  present  species  is  the  early 
union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  stria;,  well  in  advance  of  the  interruption  of  the 
marginal  curve. 

Length  of  elvtron,  G"";  breadth,  2.5'""'. 

Interglacial  clay  beds  of  Scarboro,   Ontario.      One   specimen,    No. 
14522,  (G.  J.  Hinde). 


^^mimmiKfm' 


COLEOPTEBA-  CAUABIDyE,  527 

PtEROSTICHUS    FRACTU8. 
PI.  1,  Figs.  29,  30. 

« 

Closely  allied  to  P.  destitutus,  with  the  same  early  union  of  the  fifth 
and  sixth  strire,  not  shown  in  the  figure,  but  still  smaller  and  with  less  dis- 
tinct atrial  punctuation,  this  being  indeed  very  inconspicuous.  A  single 
elytron  is  preserved,  with  the  extreme  apex  broken.  There  is  a  distinct 
punctum  in  the  third  interspace  opposite  the  union  of  the  fifth  and  sixth 
striae,  which  is  just  before  the  break.  The  interspaces  are  flattened,  as  in 
P.  destitutus,  and  the  intimate  structure  of  their  surface  is  exactly  as  there, 
except  in  showing  scarcely  any  sign  of  reticulation. 

Length  of  fragment,  4.5'"'";  breadth,  2""". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14532 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 


f 


Ptebostichus  destkuctus. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  4G. 


A  couple  of  elytra,  from  each  of  which  the  entire  apex  is  broken, 
closely  resemble  P.  patruelia  Dej  in  shape  and  sculpture,  but  represent  a 
species  a  little  larger  than  it.  The  sutural  stria  is  exactly  as  in  that  species, 
and  the  strin;  are  finely  impressed  and  without  punctures ;  the  interspaces 
would  appear  to  be  flatter  than  in  P.  patruelis,  and  the  third  interspace  does 
not  appear  to  have  the  three  punctures  found  in  that  species,  but  only  the 
central  one.     Tiie  color  is  blackish  castaneous. 

Length  of  one  fragment,  .'5.5'"'";  probable  length  of  elytron,  4.75™"; 
width  of  same,  1.5™™.      Length  of  another  fragment,  3.8'"™;  width,  1.45'"™. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14519, 
14549  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Pterostichus  gelidus. 

PI.  1,  Figs.  52,  59-61. 

LoxaHdnu  gelidua  Sondd.,  Ba)'   U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  763-764  (1877). 

The  following  fragmerts  of  this  species  have  been  examined  :  A  very 
nearly  perfect  elytron,  but  badly  cracked  and  pressed  apart ;  the  greater 
part  of  another ;  parts  of  three  united  segments  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  pro- 
thorax  slightly  cracked  ;  and  a  portion  of  one  of  the  mandibles.     A  species 


528 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


is  indicated  of  about  the  same  size  as  P.  hudsonictis  LeC.  and  closely 
resemblinp;  it.  The  elytra  are  piceous,  witii  a  metallic-blue  reflection;  there 
are  nine  distinctly  and  rather  deeply  aiid  equally  impressed  stria;,  rather 
faintly  atid  not  very  profusely  punctate ;  the  interspaces  appear  as  if 
minutely  cracked,  and  with  a  sinndation  of  excessively  faint  and  small  fovea* 
throu<»'hout,  while  the  third  has  a  more  distiiict,  though  still  rather  siiallow 
and  rather  larj^o  fovea  considerably  behind  the  middle  of  the  apical  half  of 
the  elytra ;  a  second  fovea  appears  in  the  third  interspace,  as  far  from  the 
aj)ical  fovea  as  that  is  from  t!ie  apex,  but  it  is  situated  laterally,  encroaching 
on  the  stria  next  its  inner  side.  It  is  perlmps  due  only  to  an  excess  of  the 
simuliitin<^  fovea'  that  there  is  apparently  a  row  of  appioximated  punctures, 
quite  like  those  of  th.o  neighboring  stria;,  for  a  very  short  distance  between 
the  base  of  the  sixth  and  seventh  stria'.  The  first  stria  turns  outward  next  the 
base,  to  make  room  for  a  scutellar  stria.  The  obliquely  (uit  marginal 
foveju  figree  with  those  of  P.  hudsonicus.  The  prothorax  is  quadrate,  the 
front  margin  very  slightly  angled,  the  sides  broadly  rounded,  fullest  ante- 
riorly, with  an  exceedingly  slight  median  sulcus  (indicated  by  a  slender 
crack),  and  more  distinct  posterior  sublateral  sulci  (indicated  by  wider 
cracks),  and  between  which  the  hind  border  is  scarcely  convex.  The  sur- 
face of  the  prothorax  is  smooth  ;  the  abdomen  is  also  smooth.  The  part  of 
the  mandible  remaining  is  only  the  basal  "  molar"  portion,  armed  with  six 
or  seven  mammilate  conical  teeth,  or  rather  transverse  ridges. 

Length  of  elytron,  5.75""";  breadth,  2"'" ;  length  of  prothorax,  2.25""; 
breadth,  S.S"™  ;  breadth  of  abdomen,  2.25™". 

The  species  differs  from  P.  hudsonicus  in  the  shape  of  the  prothorax 
(if  that  belongs  here),  broader  stria;,  and  less  convex  elytra. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro  Heights,  near  Toronto,  Canada.     Sev- 
eral specimens,  among  others  Nos.  14521,  16418  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

PtEROSTICHUS   LvEVlGATUS. 


PI.  1,  Figs.  3,  4. 

I'leroHlirhiiH  la-rigatim  Horn,  itiod. 

Pleronlicliun  sp.  Mnni,  TratiH.  Ainer.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  243  (1876). 

"  Fragments  of  two  elytra.     Elytra  striate,  stria;  impunctured,  inter- 
vals moderately  convex,  smooth. 

"A  species  apparently  of  the  size  of  coracinus  or  stygicus  is  indicated, 


COLEOPTBRA— CAKABID.K. 


529 


Ml'" 


but  without  more  material  it  seems  unnecessary  to  name  it,  or  guess  as  to 
its  affinities."     Horn,  loo.  cit. 

Besides  the  two  elytra  referred  to  altove  l)r.  Horn  has  sent  me 
attached  to  the  same  card  another  elytron,  bcttci-  preserved,  hut  with  the 
apex  lacking;  the  chitinous  portions  of  the  othtn'  fraffinent.s  perfectly 
resemble  this,  and  thcVe  can  scarcely  be  any  doubt  tlmt  thoy  belong  together. 
This  ntnv  fragniejit  is  of  a  piceous  color.  There  are  nine  striic,  counting 
the  one  next  the  outer  edge;  the  interspaces  are  0.5"""  broad,  moderately 
convex,  sniootii,  but  with  transverse  impressed  lines  at  very  irregular  and 
rather  infrequent  intervals,  which  can  hardly  be  due  altogether  to  preser- 
vation, as  they  seldom  or  never  cross  continuously  two  contiguous  inter- 
spaces; the  striai  are  deep,  faintly  margined  at  the  bottom,  but  in  none  of 
them,  nor  in  any  of  those  in  the  specimens  described  by  Dr.  Horn,  can  1 
discover  the  slightest  sign  of  punctures. 

Length  of  this  elytron  (fragmentary),  6.5"""' ;  breadth  of  same  (com- 
plete), 2.5""' ;  width  of  the  two  contiguous  elytra,  5.5"'"'. 

With  this  additional  knowledge  it  seems  worth  while  to  restore  the 
name  Dr.  Horn  once  thought  of  employing. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 


Ptekosticiius  ?  sp. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  5. 

PleroatichuHf  sp.  Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  SW  (1876), 

"  The  greater  portion  of  two  elytra  with  the  basal  and  apical  ends 
wanting,  indicate  a  form  of  larger  size  than  any  of  our  eastern  species  of 
Pterostichus.  The  elytral  substance  is  in  extremely  bad  stale,  being 
wrinkled  and  cracked  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  a  description  of  its  sur- 
face impossible.     It  may  be  a  Lophoglossus."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

There  are  eight  stria;  besides  that  at  the  outer  edge ;  the  interspaces 
are  0.42'"""  in  width,  more  flattened  than  in  P.  la^vigatus,  broken  into  innu- 
merable fragnionts,  like  sun-dried  mud,  resulting  in  a  dead-black  color,  but 
with  no  indica  ions  that  the  surface  was  otherwise  than  quite  smooth.  The 
length  of  one  of  the  elytra  (the  base  broken)  is  10°"° ;  its  width  (complbte) 
3.25'°°'. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 
VOL.  XIII 34 


530 


TEUTIAUY  INSKUTS  OK  NOUTIl  AMHKIUA. 


PATROBUS  Megerlo. 

PaTROBUS   UELATU8. 
I'l.  1,  Fig.  48. 

Of  this  Hpecios  the  only  remains  are  a  single  prothoracic  sliield  per- 
fectly preserved.  It  is  piceoua,  posteriorly  truncate,  its  angles  rectangular 
and  as  broad  as  the  leJigth  ;  in  advance  of  the  hinder  fourth  ox|)anding  to 
iiearl}-  one-fourth  greater  width  in  the  middle  of  the  anterior  half,  and  then 
again  narrowing  to  the  declivous  front  angles ;  the  disk  convex  with  a  uni- 
fonnly  and  rather  deeply  incised  median  line,  each  lateral  half  thus  divided 
marked  posteriorly  by  an  abrupt  Hat  and  punctate  depression,  with  well 
marked  rounded  outline,  distinctly  separated  from  the  median  incision  on 
one  side  or  the  very  narrow,  marginate,  lateral  border  on  the  other,  and 
separated  from  the  latter  also  by  a  longitudinal  furrow  not  figured  in  the 
])late;  otherwise  the  surface  is  smooth.  It  is  undoubtedly  related  verj- 
closely  to  P.  septentrionis  Dej.,  differing  principally  in  the  sharp  and  sud- 
den depression  of  the  fosste  in  the  hind  angles  and  their  separation  from 
the  lateral  border  l)y  a  distinct  incised  longitudinal  furrow. 

Length  of  prothorax,  2.1""" ;  greatest  breadth,  2.75"". 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen.  No.  14586 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 

BEMBIDIUM  Latreille. 
Bembiuium  exolktum. 

l»l.  5,  Figs.  121, 12J. 
liembidium  exoletitm  Scudd.,  BiUl.  IT.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  II,  77-78  ( 1876). 

A  single,  rather  well  preserved  specimen,  exhibiting  the  upper  surface 
and  impressions  of  parts  of  the  legs.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  B.  infequale 
(Say).  The  head  is  too  poorly  preserved  to  present  any  characters;  the 
pronotum  Is  of  equal  width  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  its  sides  regularly 
and  considerably  convex,  the  posterior  angles  well  defined,  the  hind  margin 
slightly  convex ;  its  surface  appears  to  be  very  faintly  punctulate,  at  least 
posteriorly,  f^nd  there  is  a  slightly  impressed  median  line.  The  elytra  are 
shaped  as  i'l  B.  ina;quale,  and  are  provided  with  seven  or  eight  very  deli- 
cately impressed  longitudinal  strice,  made  up  apparently  of  a  series  of  ad- 


I 


i 


I 


I 


COLKOPTKRA    (iARABID.K. 


581 


I 


jaf.ont  punctures ;  tlio  Hiitural  odgo  is  (ieliciitoly  iimrginate.  The  tVag- 
mentH  of'legH  hHow  simply  that  they  are  of  the  form  uniial  in  Bemhidiuni. 

Length  of  insect,  4.75""";  of  pronotuni,  O.SH""";  width  of  same  in  the 

middle,  1.2'""':  of  Ha«,.e  at  the  poHterior  lumlor,   1' ;  of  the  body  at  the 

humeral  portion  of  the  elytra,  1.0'"'";  of  mime  at  the  middle  of  the  elytra, 
'i.Ofi"'";  length  of  the  elytra,  2.H'"'";  v.f  fore  femora,  0.«»f;""";  hreadth  of 
wame,  0.24""";  length  of  hind  femora  (?)  0.!»2"'"';  breadth  of  same,  0.3«"""; 
distance  apart  of  the  elytral  stria*,  O.ll""™. 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen,  No. 
34  (W.  Denton). 

i)      BeMBIDI'TM    OLACIATl'M. 
PI.  1,  FiR.  40. 

A  couple  of  elytra  represent  this  species,  which  seems  to  be  nearly 
allied  to  the  scarcely  smaller  B.  longulum  LeC.  The  humeral  angle  is  not 
quite  so  prominent,  and  the  striiv  and  punctures  are  more  heavily  marked. 
The  striai  are  indeed  rather  deeply  impressed  and  equally  so  over  the  whole 
width  of  the  elytron,  but  all  become  less  pronounced  and  even  obsolescent 
apically ;  the  same  is  true  of  the  punctures  which  on  the  basal  half  of  the 
elytra  are  very  heavy,  making  transverse  creases  in  the  neighboring  inter- 
spaces, so  that  they  are  rather  transverse  than  longitudinal  or  even  circular. 
The  sutural  stria  is  as  in  B.  longulum,  and  the  texture  of  the  surface  of  the 
interspaces,  instead  of  being  as  in  tlie  modern  species  almost  structureless, 
is  marked  with  a  fine  but  decided  cross-ribbing,  verging  upon  reticulation. 
The  color  is  a  rich  carbonaceous  with  a  purplish  tinge. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.2""';  width,  1.35'""'. 

Interglacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  14536, 
14541  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Bembidium  fbagmentum. 

PI,  1,  Fig.  45. 

Another  species  of  Bembidium  from  the  glacial  clays  is  represented  by 
a  single  elytron  with  the  tip  broken  off,  differing  from  the  preceding  by  its 
much  less  heavy  markings  and  agreeing  better  among  modern  types  with 
B.  constrictum  Say,  which  is  of  about  the  same  size.  The  elytron  is  black, 
with  a  remarkably  little  developed  humeral  angle  (though  this  is  exagger- 


532 


TESTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOx.^^-  AMERICA. 


ated  in  the  plate  by  a.i  unfortunate  twist  in  the  specimen)  and  with  striae 
almost  wholly  made  up  of  tolerably  heavy  circular  punctures,  which  fade 
out  en  the  apical  half  of  the  elytron  and  are  obsolescent  on  the  sides.  It 
is  about  as  lieavily  marked  as  H  constrictum. 

Length  of  fragment,  a.G"'";  probable  length  of  elytron,  4°"°;  its 
breadth,  1.45""°. 

Intergiacial  clays  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One  specimen,  No.  14509 
(G.  J.  Hinde). 


/ 


NEBRIA  Latreilie. 

Nkuria    PALE0MEL\8. 

PI.  2,  Fig.  20. 

;^e6ria  paleomelas  S  rAd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geo!.  Sutv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  179B  (1879). 

A  nearly  perfect  elytron  with  the  humeral  angle  broken  off  represents 
a  carabid,  probably  related  to  Nebria.  A  species  is  indicated  which  is  of 
about  the  size  of  N.  sahlbergi  Fisch.  The  elytron  is  about  two  and  a  half 
times  longer  than  broad  ;  the  surface  is  noarly  smooth,  piceous,  with  nine 
stride,  which  are  ratlier  deeply  impressed,  and  a  scutellar  stria,  which  unites 
with  the  first  longitudinal  stria  at  about  one-f»ixth  the  distance  from  the 
base,  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  it  appear  eipially  forked  in  passing  toward 
the  base,  its  outer  fork  striking  dose  to  the  base  of  the  second  longitudinal 
stria;  the  fifth  and  sixth  striu'  are  united  to  each  other  and  to  the  united 
third  ani  iburth  striiv,  near  the  apex,  by  a  wavy  continuation  of  the  sixth, 
after  it  has  bent  toward  the  fifth  in  running  parallel  to  the  seventh,  as  it 
curves  toward  and  runs  to  the  tip  of  the  elytron ;  the  ninth  stria,  which 
forms  the  ^dgo  of  the  elytron  as  it  is  preserved,  shows  no  appearance  what- 
ever of  ocellate  punctures,  although  under  the  microscope  some  of  the 
central  striae  show  slijfht  signs  of  faintly  indicated  punctures  near  the 
middle  of  the  elytron. 

Length  of  elytron,  5.2""";  breadth,  1.8'""'. 

Nicola  liiver,  below  main  coal  seam,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen. 
No.  58  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Canadian  Geological  Survey). 


I 


I 


COLEOPTER  A-C  AR  ABID^. 


LORICERA  Latreille. 


538 


LORICERA    GLACIALIS. 

PI.  l,Figs.  50,  57. 

Loricera  glaciaUi  Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr  ,  III,  7KJ  (1877). 

Of  this  species  a  pair  of  elytra  are  preserved  nearly  complete,  but 
cracked  and  flattened  somewhat  out  of  shape.  It  Is  allied  to  L.  caeru- 
lescens  L.,  but  differs  from  it  and  from  all  other  American  species  of  Loricera 
in  the  much  greater  depth  of  the  stria;  and  in  the  presence  of  distinct 
submarginal  fovea;.  The  elytra  are  of  a  glistening,  somewhat  blue-black 
color.  The  striae  are  strongly  impressed,  faintly  though  rather  coarsely 
and  profusely  pnnctulate,  the  third  intei'space  with  three  small,  distinctly 
but  not  deeply  impressed  foveae,  arranged  as  in  L.  cajrulescens,  two  near 
each  other  just  above  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  and  one  behind  the  middle 
of  the  apical  half;  fifth  interspace  sometiuies  furnished  with  a  pair  of  very 
faint  fovea;  near  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  nnich  as  in  I .  decempunctata 
Esch  ,  aboiit  as  far  from  each  other  as  from  the  sutural  border;  and  finally 
the  ninth  interspace,  different  from  all  the  species  of  Loricera  I  have  been 
able  to  examine,  has  eight  or  more  small  but  distinct  and  deep  foveae, 
mostly  situated  in  the  apical  half  of  the  elytra,  sometimes  connected  by 
oblique  ridges  with  the  next  stria  within.  The  interspaces  are  crossed 
by  very  fine  wrinkles,  scarcely  visible  with  a  simple  lens.  Seen  on  the 
under  surface  each  of  the  punctures  of  the  striae  are  surrounded  by  a  circle 
reaching  to  the  circles  around  the  adjoining  punctures,  reminding  one  some- 
what of  the  upper  surface  of  Elaphrus.  The  elytra  are  shaped  as  in  L. 
decempunctata,  particularly  at  the  apex. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.4""";  breadth,  1.6""°. 

Interglacial  clays,  Scarboro  Heights,  near  Toronto,  Canada.  T^wo 
specimens,  Nos.  16416,  16417  (G.  J.  Hinde). 

Lobicera!  lutosa. 


PI.  1,  Fig.  32. 

A  single  elytron  in  a  perfect  state  of  preservation.  It  is  almost  two 
and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  scarcely  broader  in  the  middle  than  at 
the  base,  the  humeral  angle  roundly  angulated.  There  are  ten  series  of 
very  coarsely  punctured  striae,  the  four  inner  running  ahnost  to  the  apical 


534 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


margin,  tlie  others,  howevor,  curving-  inward  to  abut  against  them,  the 
outermost  meeting  the  innermost  at  the  apex;  the  elevated  narrow  inter- 
spaces smooth  and  sliining ;  the  wliole  ))iceons. 

This  can  hardly  he  referred  to  J^oriceni,  hut  I  can  find  no  other  genus 
with  which  it  better  agrees.  I  am  inclined  to  the  belief  that  it  will  be 
found  to  belong  to  an  extinct  type  of  Loricerini.  There  seems  to  be,  as 
there,  a  faint  internal  plica,  but  the  specimen  is  broken  only  at  just  this 
|)oint. 

Length  of  elytron,  3.3"'":  breadth,  1.4""". 

Clay  beds  of  8carboro,  Ontario,  Canada.  One  specimen.  No.  14559 
(G.  J.  Hinde.) 

KLAPHRU8    Kabricius. 

Elaphuu.s  irregularis. 
I'l.  1,  FiK.  ")«. 

An  elytron  only  is  preserved,  which  by  its  surface  sculpture  appears  to 
resemble  E.  viridis,  of  California  (wln'ch  I  have  not  seen),  more  than  any 
other,  though  in  size  it  agrees  better  with  E.  riparius  and  E.  ruscarius,  the 
nearest  allied  of  the  species  I  have  examined.  The  elytron  is  distinctly 
slenderer  than  in  these  latter  species,  with  the  middle  scarcely,  if  at  all,  wider 
than  the  base,  but  with  entirely  similar  apex.  Surface  uniformly  punctured, 
the  punctures  coarser  than  in  E.  riparius,  with  ill-defined  obscure  fovea;,  the 
basal  one  of  the  second  series  from  the  suture  being  the  only  one  as  distinct 
as  in  E.  riparius ;  spaces  between  the  fovea'  remarkably  elevated,  forming 
longitudinal,  more  or  less  t(»rtuous  ridges  which  are  highest  (and  rarely 
polished)  in  longitudinal  dashes  as  long  as  the  diameter  of  the  fove*  and  in 
the  same  lines  with  them,  i.  e.,  between  fovea;  of  the  same  longitudinal  series 
and  not  in  the  intersjjaces  between  the  series.  It  is  in  these  elevated  spaces 
that  its  relationship  to  E.  viridis  especially  appears,  and  their  irregularity, 
through  their  more  or  less  tortuous  connecting,  less  elevated  ridges,  which 
has  suggested  the  name.  Color  dull  piceous,  with  faint  dark  metallic  green 
reflection,  which  is  (^uite  distinct  on  the  inflected  margin. 

Length  of  elytron,  4.5""";  breadth,  1.5""". 

Clay  beds  of  Scarboro,  Ontario.  One'specimen,  No.  14527  (G.  J.  Hinde). 


" 


,» 


•k 


COLEOPTERA— CARABID^. 
NEOTHANES  gen.  nov.  (vio?,  BvtjaKG)). 


535 


Allied  to  Carabus,  and  belonging  to  the  same  tribe,  Carabini.  It  differs 
from  it  in  some  marked  features  of  the  head,  but  agrees  better  with  it  than 
with  the  Cychrini,  in  which  it  was  formerly  placed.  The  head  is  unusually 
broad  and  short,  the  width  between  the  base  of  the  not  very  prominent 
round  eyes  being  nearly  twice  as  great  as  the  length  from  the  center  of  the 
eyes  to  the  margin  of  the  labrum,  while  the  burial  of  the  head  in  the  pro- 
thorax  up  to  the  base  of  the  eyes  renders  the  brevity  more  apparent ;  the 
labrum  is  entire,  its  base  just  in  front  of  the  insertion  of  the  antennae ;  man- 
dibles shorter  and  stouter  than  in  Carabus  and  (Jalosoma,  arcuate,  untoothed; 
tip  of  maxillte  just  as  stout  as  (though  probably  thinner  than)  the  apex  of 
the  mandibles.  The  head  does  not  appear  to  be  constricted  behind  the  eyes, 
though  but  little  of  that  portion  can  be  seen  in  the  single  specimen  which 
preserves  this  part.  Prothorax  and  elytra  as  in  Carabus,  excepting  that  the 
latter  have  no  fovete  whatever,  and  the  very  numerous  striaj  are  straight 
and  the  interspaces  smooth  and  unbroken. 

Neothanes  testeus. 

PI.  7,  Figs.  32,  39. 

Caehrm  te»tm»  Scadd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  758-7.59  (1878). 

This  species  was  first  described  from  the  less  perfect  and  more  obscure 
specimen  of  the  two  now  before  me.  The  better  preservation  of  the  secord, 
with  its  thorax  and  other  parts,  shows  that  the  species  should  be  placea  in 
the  Carabini  rather  than  in  the  Cychrini.  The  stout  and  untoothed  mandi- 
bles leave  no  doubt  on  this  poii... 

The  pronotum  is  broadest  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  middle  and  tapers 
with  about  equal  i  i)idity  toward  the  front  and  toward  the  base,  so  that  the 
base  is  somewhat  i.  rrower  than  the  front,  the  external  angles  well  rounded ; 
the  front  margin  is-  nearly,  the  hind  margin  quite,  straight,  the  former 
scarcely  angulate  in  the  middle,  the  lateral  angleb  slightly  produced  ante- 
riorly ;  there  is  a  faint  median  carina,  more  pronounced  in  the  middle,  but 
otherwise  the  thorax  appears  to  be  tolerably  smooth,  though  laterally  the 
head  is  longitudinally  subrugulose.  The  elytra  have  the  humeral  angle 
well  rounded  off  and  the  tip  angulate ;  the  strise  are  close  and  crowded  to 
the  number  of  about  twenty-five  on  each  elytron,  aliarp  and  clean,  but 


¥ 


1 


536 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


rather  shallow,  and  with  scarcely  tlie  slightest  sign  of  any  uncertainty  of 
direction  or  waviness  of  course  such  as  is  common  in  theCarabini;  nor  do 
they  combine  and  divide,  but  are  equidistant  and  parallel  throughout,  the 
interspaces  smooth  and  not  imbricated. 

Length  of  body  to  tip  of  mandibles,  11""" ;  length  of  head  from  posterior 
edge  of  eyes  to  front  of  clypeus,  1.25""' ;  of  prothorax,  2.15"'"" ;  of  elytra, 
1""" ;  width  of  head  between  the  eyes,  1.7'""' ;  of  prothorax  in  front,  2.75"""' ; 
at  widest,  3.5"""' ;  at  base,  2.5'"™ ;  of  elytra,  4.8"""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  24  (L.  A.  Lee),  4059 
and  4100  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

CYCHRUS  Fabricius. 

Cychrds  whkatleyi. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  1, 

Cychriis  wheatleiji  Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  V,  242  (1876). 

"  Of  this  species  I  have  before  me  a  flattened  thorax,  all  the  actual  sub- 
stance of  the  upper  surface  being  present  in  moderately  good  ])reservation, 
and  the  large  portion  of  a  left  elytron  of  which  ])ut  a  small  portion  of  the 
substaiice  remains. 

"The  thorax  although  flattened  bears  evidence  of  having  the  disk 
moderately  convex,  the  median  line  distinct,  the  transverse  basal  impression 
rather  deep  and  the  lateral  margins  broad,  wider  at  base  and  reflexed.  The 
hind  angles  are  obtuse  and  not  prolonged,  the  ba.se  being  moderately  emar- 
ginate.  The  sides  are  moderately  arcuate  and  gradually  narrowed  toward 
t!ie  base,  the  widest  portion  of  the  thorax  being  slightly  in  front  of  the  mid- 
dle. A  species  is  thus  indicated  resembling  viduus  but  smaller,  not  exceed- 
ing in  size  the  average  specimens  of  andrewsii. 

"  The  elytra  are  finely  striate,  the  intervals  moderately  convex  and 
apparently  smooth,  the  stria?  with  moderate  punctures  not  as  closely  placed 
as  in  any  species  on  this  side  of  the  continent.  The  striai  are  as  numerous 
as  in  viduus  or  andrewsii. 

"  Thorax.— Width,  .24  inch,  .6'"'" ;  length,  .16  inch  ;  4""". 

"  Elytra  (restored).— Width,  .48  inch;  12"""'.    Length,  .66  inch;  16.5""". 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 

"  I  think  there  is  very  little  doubt  of  tiie  distinctness  of  this  species 


i 


i 


!  •     * 


COLKOPTEUA— CARABID^. 


587 


from  any  at  present  existing,  but  it  may  be  infeired  that  it  is  the  species  to 
which  our  viduus  must  look  for  its  ancestry. 

"I  liave  named  the  s,,eci('s  in  honor  of  Mr.  Charles  M.  Wheatley,  of 
Phciinixville,  to  whom  we  iire  indebted  for  the  exploration  of  the  locality  in 
which  the  fossil  insects  were  discovered."     Horn,  loc.  cit. 

Includinjr  the  strise  next  the  margins  of  the  elytra  there  appear  to  be 
fourteen  in  all  i  the  two  outer  ones  are  obscure  and  those  upon  the  disk  are 
at  an  average  distance  apart  of  0.375""" ;  the  striae  appear  to  be  faintly  punct- 
ured and  the  punctures  as  distant  as  the  striae ;  the  intervals  between  the 
striic  are  broken  by  irregular  impressed  lines  producing  a  tuberculate  ap- 
pearance but  otherwise  smooth.  The  disk  of  the  prothorax  is  considerably 
more  quadrate  and  proportionally  broader  than  in  the  species  of  Cychrus 
with  which  Dr.  Horn  compares  it.  Indeed,  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  believe 
that  the  lateral  lamellate  rim  was  narrow  and  equal  throughout,  and  there- 
fore to  place  the  insect  in  Calosoma  (in  the  neighborhood  of  the  species 
sometimes  referred  to  Callisthenes) ;  but  a  renewed  study  in  company  with 
Dr.  Horn  shows  that  this  is  a  mistake,  and  that  the  rim  broadens  greatly 
behind,  leaving  a  somewhat  shield-shaped  disk  as  in  Cychrus  viduus. 

Length  of  thorax,  S.G""' ;  breadth  of  same,  6""" ;  breadth  of  elytron, 
6""";  length  of  fragment  preserved,  12.75""". 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kenned}-,  Pennsylvania. 

Cychrus  minor. 
PI.  1,  Fig.  2. 

Cychrug  (minor)  Horn,  Trans.  Aiuer.  Eut.  Soc,  V,  243  (1876). 

'*  Two  fragmentary  elytra  of  smaller  size  than  the  preceding  [C 
wheatleyi]  afford  the  only  groundwork  for  the  name  above  suggested. 
The  striae  are  fine  and  with  fine  punctures,  the  intervals  feebly  convex, 
evidently  slightly  rugulose,  and  probably,  also  sparsely  punctulate  An 
impression  of  the  scutellum  remains  which  is  broadly  triangul.ar,  and  not 
different  in  form  from  that  of  andrewsii. 

"Elytra  (restored).  Length,  .54  inch;  IS.S™"".  Width  (actual),  .15 
inch;  3.75"'"'. 

"The  form  is  therefore  almost  exactly  that  of  andrewsii."  TTorn,  loc. 
cit. 

There  is  a  slight  bluish  cast  to  the  black  chitinous  parts  of  the  elytra 


638 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


I  liave  examined ;  the  punctures  of  the  stria'  are  about  as  far  apart  as  two- 
thirds  the  widtli  of  tlie  interspaces ;  tlie  latter  are  0.25"""  wide  and  are  barely- 
convex,  slightly  rugulose,  and  so  fiir  as  T  can  determine  not  at  all  punctulate; 
the  length  of  the  fragment  of  one  elytron  is  10.5""",  the  width  of  the  same 
elytron,  4.25"'"'. 

Bone  caves  of  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania. 


1 


1 


«p 


^l 


Baron  R.  von  Osten  Sacken  and  Mr.  Edward  Burgess  have  given  me 
rjuich  assistance  in  perplexing  points  while  studying  the  Diptera  here 
recorded. 

DIPTERA^   CYCLORHAPHA   Brauer. 

Family  LONCH^ID^E  Loew. 

LONCHyEA  Falh^n. 

9   LONCHiEA   SENESCENS. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  18. 
lonchm  teneieent  Scndd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  277-278  (1877). 

A  portion  of  the  body  (excluding  the  head)  too  fragmentary  to  bo  of 
any  value  and  a  pair  of  expanded  wings  faintly  impressed  on  the  stone  com- 
pose the  remains  of  the  single  individual  of  this  species.  The  wings  are 
rather  slender,  obovate  and  well  rounded,  with  the  neuration  of  Lonchaja 
vaginalis  Fall.,  as  given  by  Westwood  in  Walker's  "  Diptera  Britannica," 
excepting  that  the  basal  cells  do  not  appear  to  be  quite  so  large  in  the  fossil 
species,  and  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  sUghtly  more  arched  beyond 
the  larger  transverse  vein ;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly ;  the  wing  appears  to 
be  hyaline,  but  there  is  an  indication  of  a  slight  infumation  along  the  larger 
transverse  vein ;  it  is  covered  with  excessively  line  microscopic  hairs,  which 
also  cover  all  the  veins  with  a  delicate  pubescence ;  with  this  exception  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  is  bare ;  the  larger  transverse  vein  is  slightly  oblique, 
and  but  little  larger  than  the  portion  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  lying 
between  the  two  transverse  veins. 

Length  of  wing,  4.6™"';  breadth  of  same,  1.8""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  17,  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada. 


r>40  TBRTIAUY  INSIOCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

PALLOPTERA  I'alldn. 

b  Pallopteba  morticina. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  15. 

Palloptera  mortioina  Soiidd.,  Rep.  ProRr.  Geol.  Sarv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  278  (1877). 

An  indistinguishable  crushed  mass  of  chitine  and  tlie  basal  half  or  more 
of  a  single  wing  are  all  that  remain  of  this  creature.  The  wing  is  small  and 
probably  was  not  over  three  millimeters  long ;  hyaline,  with  a  slight  infu- 
mated  spot  of  considerable  size  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  between  the  two 
transverse  veins  ;  the  l)asal  colls  are  small ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  very  slight, 
and  throughout  very  closely  approximated  to  the  first  longitudinal  vein  ; 
the  latter  appears  to  l)e  short  and  nearly  straight,  bare  of  bristles,  but  pubes- 
cent like  the  rest  of  the  wing ;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly,  but  like  all  the 
others  is  pale  testaceous;  the  small  transverse  vein  lies  within  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  large  transverse  vein  is  straight  and  perpendic- 
ular to  the  costa,  ren-.oved  from  the  small  transverse  vein  by  double  its  own 
length. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  2.1,')°"°. 

Qiu3snel,  IJritlsh  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  20  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  (^^anada). 

Family  ORTALID^E  Fallen. 
LITHORTALIS  Scudder. 

Lithortalis  Scudd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  187r)-1876,  876-277  (1877). 

This  ortalid  can  certainly  not  be  refeired  to  any  of  the  American 
genera  mentioned  by  Loew.  It  is  most  closely  allied  to  Ceroxy s,  but  besides 
a  diff'erent  distribution  of  the  spots  the  neuration  of  the  wing  varies  so  much 
from  that  of  Ceroxys  as  to  render  it  certain  that  it  should  be  separated  from 
■it.  The  shape  of  the  wing  is  much  as  in  Ceroxys,  especially  as  in  C.  canus 
Loew,  to  which  it  is  also  most  nearly  allied  in  markings ;  the  first  longitud- 
inal vein  has  bristles  upon  its  end  only,  and  even  here  they  are  few  and 
small ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  curved  backward  a  little,  and  the  pos- 
terior angle  of  the  third  basal  cell  is  not  at  all  produced ;  the  third  and 
fourth  longitudinal  veins  diverge  at  their  tips,  while  the  second  and  third 
converge.     In  Ceroxys  the  auxiliary  runs  beside  the  fiivst  longitudinal  vein 


DIPTEKA— ORTALID.K. 


541 


for  soino  distance  and  then  suddenly  curves,  almost  bonds  upward.  In 
liitliortalis  the  se))aration  is  gradual  and  not  abrupt,  in  Ceroxya  the  small 
transverse  vein  lies  below  or  outside  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein ; 
in  Lithortalis  it  lies  within  it.  In  the  pattern  of  the  markings  also  it  ditters 
from  Ooroxys  in  that  there  are  no  spots  whatever  before  the  larger  trans- 
irse  vein,  excepting  that  the  stigma,  or  the  space  l}'ing  between  the  auxil- 


V( 


iary  and  first  longitudinal  veins,  is  testaceous. 


LlTHORTiVLLS   PICTA. 


ri.  3,  Figs.  10,  1«>. 
Lilhortalii  picia  Sciidd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  277  (1877). 

The  thorax,  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  both  wings  of  theaingle  specimen 
preserved  show  the  upper  surface  of  the  body  with  expanded  wings.  The 
abdomen  is  without  markings.  The  wings  are  very  well  preserved,  the 
apex  slightl}'  angulated  between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins ; 
the  costa  nearly  straight  on  its  basal  half,  strongly  convex  beyond ;  the 
stigma  occupies  the  entire  space  between  the  auxiliai-y  and  first  longitudinal 
veins  and  is  dark  castaneous,  deepening  toward  the  costa  to  blackish  fus- 
cous ;  the  costal  vein  is  blacki.sh  fuscous ;  the  other  veins  are  luteo-testa- 
ceous,  deepening  to  blackish  fuliginous  next  or  in  the  spots ;  the  otlier  spots 
are  dark  fuliginous,  deepening  toward  the  veins  or  the  margin,  and  consist 
of  a  narrow  belt  following  the  larger  transverse  vein  and  of  confluent  spots 
at  the  tips  of  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins,  forming  a  nar- 
row marginal  belt  from  just  below  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
to  half-way  between  the  tips  of  the  first  and  third  longitudinal  veins,  broad- 
ening slightly  at  the  extremities  of  the  veins  in  rapidly  narrowing  shoots, 
which  follow  the  veins  a  short  distance. 

Length  of  thorax  and  fragment  of  abdomen,  3""'" ;  breadth  of  thorax, 
1.25""";  breadth  of  abdomen,  1.5""';  length  of  wing,  5"""" ;  breadth  of  same, 
l.TS""*. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  5  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


542 


TKIiTIARY  INSKCT8  OF  NOUTH  AMKUIOA. 


Family  SCIOMYZID>G  Fallen. 
SCIOMYZA  Fall(5n. 

!j     SCIOMYZA    RKVELATA. 

Fl.  3,  Tigs.  3-6, 

Soiomytn  lereMo  Sciidd.,  Kop.  Pro(;r.  (lool.  (Surv.    Can.,  l87M87ri,   'iTS-aTli  (1877);  IS7t>-llH77,  Vif- 

459(1878). 

Throe  spociiuoiis  uro  to  \)v.  roferred  to  this  species.  Althoufyh  ouch  of 
them  is  nither  iiupeiiect,  tiie  collocjitioii  of  liie  fniyiueiits  eiiiil)le8  us  to  recon- 
struct all  parts  of  the  wing'.  'IMie  head  was  ai)out  one-fifth  the  size  of  the 
thorax ;  the  thorax  broadly  vaulted,  abruptly  arched  in  front,  somewhat 
depressed  above ;  the  wings  were  a  little  more  than  twice  as  lonj?  as  broad 
with  the  costal  border  gently  arched,  the  apex  slightl}  angulated  and  the 
lower  margin  pretty  regularly  convex,  bent  but  rounded  at  the  axillary 
angle;  the  membrane  and  the  castaneous  veins  as  well  are  covered  not  very 
|)rofusely  with  delicate  microscopic!  hairs,  distributed  with  great  regularity 
and  about  0.02°""  apart;  the  costal  vein  is  setose  throughout  the  upper 
margin,  and  extends  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  although  it  is  but  faint 
at  the  extreme  tip  or  on  the  lower  third  of  the  space  between  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  weak,  but  distinctly 
separated  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein  from  its  very  base,  terminating  at 
the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  costa;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is 
exactly  transverse,  very  faint,  and  lies  a  little  l)eyond  the  l)a8e  of  the  basal 
cells;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  bare  save  the  pubescence,  and  apparently 
terminates  just  within  the  small  transverse  vein  ;  the  latter  lies  as  far  before 
as  the  large  transverse  vein  lies  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  is  mid- 
way between  the  basal  cells  and  the  large  transverse  vein  ;  the  second  and 
third  longitudinal  veins  are  nearly  straight,  slightly  sinuous  and  subparallel 
throughout,  but  at  their  tips  diverge  from  each  other;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  is  regularly  though  but  slightly  arched  beyond  the  small  transverse 
vein,  and  strikes  the  very  apex  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
is  made  up  of  three  perfectly  straight  subequal  parts,  slightly  bent  at  the 
transverse  veins ;  the  larger  transverse  vein  is  straight,  nearl>-  perpendic- 
ular to  the  costa;  it  is  about  half  the  length  of  the  middle  portion  of  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein,  and  its  lower  extremity  is  nearer  the  margin  of  the 
wing  (following  the  course'  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein)  than  its  own 


^0 


t 

i 


UIPTKUA— HCIOMY/ID.IC. 


54:5 


1 


t 


longtii;  tlio  lit'tli  loiig'itudinal  vein  i«  lost  just  botbro  rcucliing  tlio  margin 
and  tho  sixth  runs  half-way  to  it;  the  secoiid  and  third  longitudinal  veins 
Heparate  just  over  the  oxlreniitios  of  the  small  basal  cells,  and  originate 
from  a  transverse  vein  which  unites  the  first  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins 
before  the  middle  of  the  basal  cells. 

Length  of  the  wing,  4.5'""' ;  breadth,  2'""'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Throe  spocimens,  Noa.  2,  42,  43  (Dr.  G. 
M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

StIOMYXA?    MANCA. 
PI.  4,  Fig.  9;  PI.  »,  Figs.  1-0,  15,  Hi,  18,  20,  23,  24,  28,  29. 

SMomu^a*  manca  Scudd.,  Bull.  II.  8.  Ueol.  Googr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  IV,  766-7.58  (1878). 

This  fly,  extremely  abundant  in  the  Green  Uiver  shales — in  fact  out- 
numbering all  the  other  Diptera  together— is  temporarily  placed  in  this 
genus,  because  its  characters  seem  to  agree  better  with  those  of  the  family 
Sciomyzidaj  than  of  any  other ;  yet  it  can  not  pro|)erly  be  placed  in  any  of 
the  genera  known  to  me.  I  should  be  inclined  to  place  it  near  Blepharop- 
tera  in  the  Helomyzidse,  but  all  the  tibia',  are  bristled  throughout.  Its  gen- 
eral appearance  is  that  <»f  the  Ephydrinidic,  but  the  bristly  surface  of  the 
middle  tibia?  would  allow  us  to  place  it  only  in  the  Notiphilina,  from  which 
it  is  excluded  by  the  want  of  pectinations  on  the  upper  side  of  the  ant(^nnal 
bristle.  The  want  of  complete  neuration  prevents  me  from  designating  it 
at  present  by  a  new  generic  name,  which  it  can  hardly  fail  to  require  as 
soon  as  that  is  known ;  only  two  or  three  of  the  three-score  specimens 
before  me  have  any  important  part  of  the  wings,  and  this  constant  frag- 
mentary condition  of  the  fossils  has  suggested  the  specific  name.  The 
genus  in  which  it  would  fall  maybe  partially  characterized  as  follows: 
Body  compact,  stout ;  the  head  comparatively  small,  perhaps  one-third  the 
bulk  of  the  thorax,  about  three-fourths  its  width,  with  large,  naked  eyes, 
the  front  between  them  nearly  equal  and  pretty  broad,  obliquely  sloped, 
and  slightly  tumid  on  a  side  view,  so  as  to  project  considerably  below ;  a 
few  curved  bristles  project  from  its  summit.  Antenna*  with  the  flagellum 
subglobose,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  much  larger  than  the  joints  of  the 
scape,  and  above  bearing  at  its  tip  a  curved,  rather  short,  naked,  tapering 
style,  scarcely  longer  than  the  flagellum  proper  and  bluntly  pointed ;  in 
several  specimens  in  which  this  part  is  pretty  well  preserved  this  is  invti- 


544 


THRTIAKV  1N8K0T8  OF  NOUTII  AMERKJA. 


riably  its  cliuractor,  and  no  tcnniual  lliroatl  can  bo  Hoen  in  any  of  thoui, 
nor  any  'ndication  of  joints  in  tlio  styln  ;  this  l)r(n'ity  of  tho  style  soeniM  to 
bo  peculiar.  Ah  far  as  the  neuration  of  the  wing  can  bo  made  out  (thoro 
must  remain  sonio  doubt  upon  this  point  until  bettor  oxaniplos  nro  discov- 
orod)  the  course  of  tho  auxiliary  yc.lu  can  not  Im  dotorniiiiod  :  th<»  first 
loufi^itudinal  vein  appciirs  to  end  before  the  middle  of  tlic  costnl  bordca* : 
the  second  orij^inates  abruptly  from  the  middle  of  the  lirst  loiij^itiulinal 
vein,  and  terminates  (certainly)  only  a  little  way  before  the  tip  of  tim  winj;- ; 
the  third  runs  very  nearly  parallel  to  the  second  longitudinal  \ein,  ternii- 
luites  a*  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  is  perhaps  connected  by  a  i^ross-vein  with 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  scarcely  within  the  extremity  of  the  lirst  longi- 
tudinal vein ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the  lifth  or  sixtJi 
a  little  before  the  origin  of  tint  second  longitudinal  vin,  diverges  rapidly 
from  the  third  beyond  this  coiniection,  and  is  arcuate,  cui-iny  upward 
again  before  reaching  the  posterior  border  and  nnniing  outward  io  the 
outer  border;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  curves  still  more  strongly  from 
the  fourth,  until  it  reaches  the  middle  of  the  posterior  b(trder,  to  which  it 
suddenly  drops,  and  scarcely  above  which  it  is  united  witii  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  by  a  long,  obli<iue  cross-vein.  'J'he  femora  are  stout,  the 
front  pair  largest  at  the  base  and  tapering,  the  othei'  jiairs  subetjiuil 
throughout,  all  armed  externally  above  and  below  with  a  row  of  very  deli- 
cate, nearly  straight  spines,  the  upper  row  perhaps  wanting  on  the  middle 
femora,  and  the  lower  row  developing  into  longer  aiul  stiffer  bristles  on  the 
apical  half  of  the  fore  femora.  The  tibite  are  equal,  a  little  longer  than  the 
femora,  considerably  slenderer  but  still  rather  stout,  furnished  alike  with 
several  straight,  longitudinal  rows  of  minute  spines,  and  on  the  t)Uter  side 
with  three  or  four  distant,  moderately  stout,  longer  spines  (less  i)rominent 
on  the  fore  tibial  than  on  the  other  legs),  aiul  at  the  tip  with  a  cluster  or 
several  similar  spines  or  si)urs.  The  tarsi  are  very  much  slenderer  than 
the  til)iu',  longer  than  they,  the  other  joints  slenderer  than  the  metatarsus, 
all  profusely  armed  with  exceedingly  delicate  spines  or  spinous  hairs, 
arranged  regularly  in  longitudinal  rows ;  at  tip  is  a  pair  of  very  slender, 
pretty  long,  strongly  curved  claws,  and  apparently  a  prett}-  large  pulvillus. 
The  brevity  of  the  antennal  style,  the  length  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  of  the  wing,  the  approximation  of  the  middle  transverse  vein  to  the 
base,  the  strong  arcuation  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  voin,  the  obliquity  of 


^4F 


DIPTEUA— SOrOMYZIDyE. 


545 


the  posterior,  larjfo,  trnnsvorHo  voin,  niid  itH  upproncli  to  the  poHtorior 
mar;,'iii,  the  bristly  nature  of  tlio  logs,  and  the  length  and  comparative  hIoh- 
(UtrnoHH  of  the  tarsi — all,  excojjting  parts  of  the  nciiration,  characters  open 
to  littU"  (picstion — render  tiiis  fly  peculiar  and  its  exact  location  soniewhat 
dnl)ions.  WIkmi,  however,  the  nenration  of  the  wing  is  sutticiently  well 
known  to  enable  us  to  nnd(>rstand  more  fletinitely  tluu-liaracter  of  tiie  basal 
cells  and  other  parts  of  tiie  base  of  the  wing,  the  relation  of  the  auxiliary  to 
the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  to  map  nncpiestionaldy  the  whole  course  of 
the  fourth  longitiuliinil  vein,  we  shall  prol)ably  be  al)le  to  arrive  at  very 
precise  coiudusions. 

In  addition  to  the  features  above  mentioned,  it  may  \u'  added  that  the 
thorax  is  subquiidiate,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  furnished  with  distant, 
long,  curving  bristles  disposed  in  rows,  but  in  no  individual  well  enough 
preserved  to  give  fiu'tiufr  details  of  distribution.  The  abdomen  is  composed 
of  five  visible,  sul)e(pud  joints;  its  mass  compact,  scarcely  constricted  at 
the  base,  regidarly  and  pretty  strongly  arched  on  a  side  view,  tapering 
rapidly  on  the  apical  half  to  a  blu*itly  rounded  apex,  the  surface  abun- 
dantly clothed  with  rather  delicate  spinous  hairs,  those  at  the  posterior  edge 
of  the  fiegmenfs  longer,  and  forming  a  regular  transverse  row.  The  meta- 
tarsus of  the  middle  leg  is  proportionally  longer  than  in  the  others,  where 
it  is  about  half  as  long  as  the  other  joints  combined 

Measurement  of  average  individuals:  Length  of  body  as  curved, 
4.25""";  of  head,  0.(55""";  of  thorax,  1.7"'"':  of  abdomen,  2.2""";  breadth  of 
head,  0.85""";  of  thorax,  1  25""";  of  abdomen,  1.4""';  length  of  flagellum 
of  antennai,  0.16'""';  of  style,  0.11)'""';  of  wing,  3.4'""'.*;  breadth  of  same, 
1.2"'™;  length  of  femora,  0.75'"'";  of  tibia?,  0.95^'"';  of  fore  tarsi,  0.85"""; 
of  middle  tarsi,  1.5'"'";  of  hind  tarsi,  1.6""";  of  fore  metatarsi,  0.4™"';  of 
middle  metatarsi,  0.61'""';  of  hind  metatarsi,  0.48'"'";  breadth  of  femora, 
0.28'"'";  of  tibijc,  0.12""";  of  metatarsus,  0.08"'"';  of  tip  of  tarsi,  0.05™™; 
length  of  claws,  0.09'"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Numerous  specimens,  collected  by  Mr.  F.  C. 
A.  Richardson,  Dr.  A.  8.  Packard,  Prof.  L.  A.  Lee,  Messrs.  F.  0.  Bowditch, 
and  S.  H.  Scudder.  Station  16  on  the  White  River  in  western  Colorado  (Dr. 
C.  A.  White) 

VOL  XIII .'55 


i 


r)46  TERTIAUY  INSHCTS  OV  NORTH  AMERICA. 

SciOMYZA?    DISJECTA. 
PI.  9,  Figs.  7,  22,  25,  30,  32,  33. 
Sciomyiat  dUjecla  Sondd.,  Bull.  V.  8.  Geol.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  75ri  (1878). 

A  second  species,  apparently  of  the  same  genus  n*  the  hist  mentioned, 
but  smaller,  is  found  in  considerable  numbers  in  the  same  Green  River  beds, 
although  in  far  less  abundance  than  the  last.  The  wings  appear  to  be  proprr- 
tionally  shorter  than  in  the  last  species,  wit!i  a  rather  broader  space  between 
the  veins  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing,  indicating  j)erhaps  a  broader  wing. 
The  legs  are  slenderer,  the  disparity  in  the  stoutness  of  the  tibia?  and  tarsi 
is  not  so  great,  and  the  tarsi  are  proportionally  shorter ;  the  legs  are  also 
as  densely,  though  less  coarsely,  spined,  and  a  similar  delicacy  is  (»b8ervable 
in  the  hairiness  of  the  body.  All  the  specimens  are  preserved  on  a  side  view, 
and  like  the  last  species  are  in  a  fragmentary  condition. 

i^ength  of  body  of  an  average  individual  3.2""";  of  head,  O.SS™" ;  of 
thorax,  1.2""",  of  abdomen,  1.8"'"';  of  wing,  2.4"'"' !  ;  of  hind  femora,  1.2"'"* ; 
of  hind  tibia;,  1.4"'"' ;  of  middle  and  hind  tarsi,  1"""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Numerous  specimens  by  the  same  as  the  last 
species. 

Sciomyza!  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  5. 

Another  species  of  Sciomyza,  or  perhaps  of  the  same  genus  as  the  last- 
mentioned  species  (for  several  of  its  features  are  certainly  repeated  here), 
seems  to  be  represented  by  tlie  insect  figured  in  PI.  10,  Fig.  5,  which  is  of 
about  the  size  of  S.  manca,  but  is  more  delicate.  It  is  however  so  imper- 
fect as  far  as  the  head  and  wings  ai'e  concerned  that  one  can  not  characterize 
it  satisfactorily  without  better  material. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  18  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


t 


I 


1 


V 


DIPTEUA— UELOMYZID.E.  547 

Family  HELOMYZID^G  \A/'estwood. 
HETEROMYZA  Ftilldn. 

(j)       HETEiiOMYZA   SENILIS. 

PL  3,  Figs.  1,  2. 
Ueteiomyza  lenilii  Soudd.,  Sep.  Progr.  Gool.  Surv.  Cnii.,  187.'')-187(!,  aT.'i  (1877). 

In  this  case  wo  liave  but  a  fragment  of  one  \v\n<^,  but  one  which  exhibits 
most  of  the  peculiarities  of  neuration,  and,  so  far  as  it  goes,  very  well  pro- 
served.  The  wing  is  slightly  discolored,  hnt  was  apparently  hyaline  in  life, 
covered  rather  profusely  with  exceedingly  delicate  microscopic  hairs  which 
cover  veins  as  well  as  membrane  ;  the  veins,  excepting  the  costal,  are  testa- 
ceous ;  the  costal  vein  is  blackish  fuscous,  covered  w'th  short  bristles,  and 
extends  beyond  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  where  the  wing  is  broken  ;  tlie 
auxiliary  vein  strikes  the  costa  at  about  the  end  of  the  lirst  (puirter,  and  the 
nearly  straight  first  longitudinal  vein  bef(n-e  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  this 
latter  vein  is  bare  or  oidy  feebly  pubescent ;  the  sligiitly  sinuous,  toward  the 
extremity  slightly  upturned,  second  longitudinal  vein  divides  about  equally 
the  space  i)etween  the  costa  and  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  ti'.e  lattor  is 
almost  atraigiit,  scarcely  bending  to  receive  the  small  transverse  vein  at 
about  the  end  of  its  basal  third,  and  terminates  at  the  broadly  rouudetl  tip 
of  the  wing;  the  small  transverse  vein  lies  just  before  the  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  nearly  straight,  only  bent 
next  the  transverse  veins :  before  the  small  transverse  vi^iw  it  is  parallel 
and  rather  closely  a})proximated  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  beyond,  it 
diverges  slightly  and  regularly  ft'om  it,  and  beyond  the  large  transverse 
vein  again  becomes  parallel  to  it ;  only  the  basal  portions  of  the  fifth  and 
sixth  longitudinal  veins  are  present,  and  the  extreme  base  of  the  wing  is  lost; 
but  the  basal  cells  are  evidently  small,  and  their  extremities  lie  just  beneath 
the  union  of  the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins;  the  wing  is  broad, 
ovate,  and  well  rounded ;  the  costa  pretty  strongly  arched. 

Length  of  fragment,  4""" ;  probable   length  of  wing,  4.5 ' ;  probable 

breadth  of  same,  2""". 

Quesnel,  British  (Jolumbia.    One  specimen,  No.  I  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada).      •  ' 


I 


HHHHHIimi^ 


548 


TEIITIABY  INSECTS  OP  NOUTU  AMERICA. 


Heteromyz.v  dktecta. 

PI.  5,  Fife.  70. 
i...erom!iza  AeUcta  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geosr.  Siirv.  IVrr.,  HI,  T.")8-759  (1877). 

A  siiijrlo  .specimen  ami  a  very  j)oor  reverse  of  it,  occur  on  tlie  sane 
stone  with  Hpiladoniyia  simplex.  Both  wings  and  the  thorax  are  preserved, 
witli  sliort  fragments  of  moderately  stout  iiairy  legs.  The  venation  is 
obscure,  and  the  species  referred  provisionally  to  Heteroinyza  until  better 
specimens  decide  more  certainly  to  which  of  the  groups  of  Muscid;c  it  belongs. 
So  far  as  it  can  be  determined  the  venation  is  very  similai-  to  that  of  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  the  wing  is  nnu-h  .'-mailer,  and  there  is  a  peculiarity  about 
it  which  is  not  quite  clear:  at  the  beiul  of  the  costa,  indiciting  the  tn-mi  na- 
tion of  the  auxiliary  vein,  there  is  a  short,  distinct,  obliipie  cross-vein  nearly 
in  continuation  of  the  base  of  the  costa,  but  bent  slightly  downward,  which 
reaches  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  latter  runs  close  to  the  costa  and 
strikes  it  about  midway  between  the  tip  of  tlu  auxiliary  vein  and  the  tip  of 
the  wing ;  the  costa  apparently  runs  exactly  to  the  tip  of  the  .second  longi- 
tudinal vein ;  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  run  parallel  to  each 
other  to  a  very  little  way  beyond  the  extremity  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  where 
they  are  united  by  a  shoit  cross-vein,  beyond  which  they  both  diverge  from 
each  other  in  opposing  curves,  equally  turned  aside  from  their  former  course; 
the  third  longitndinal  vein  runs  to  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  fourth  is  united 
half-way  to  the  border  of  the  wing  by  a  long  oblique  cross-vein,  running  at 
right  angles  to  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein.  The  extremity  of  the  basal  cells 
apparently  lies  about  half-way  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein,  but  this  point  is  very  obscure. 

Length  of  wing,  1.6.=)""";  breadth  of  same,  ().!J.5""";  length  of  thorax, 
O.Tr)""";  breadth  of  same,  O.;")')""'. 

Cliagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton), 

Family   ANTHOMYIDyE   Robineau-Desvoidy. 

ANTHOMYIA  Meigen. 

^    Anthomyia.  inanimata. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  19. 
Anthomijia  iiinni-  .*'.    ■'"'"d.,  Reji.  Progr.  Oeol.  Siirv.  Can.,  187,>-1876, 273-274  (1877'). 

This  specie;:-.  1,,  ;■!.  rty  well  represented  by  a  single  individual  and  its 
reverse,  siiov/ing  thu  .  .perior  view  of  the  insect  with  the  wings  (excepting 


t 


.^,. .  ".<,->^.vi....v'»>i's^**-s^it^:wws«vssv?ffiSISSS'ffll 


VAM.tu)^UUb£i»S.aVUK 


wm 


T 


+ 


DIPTEKA— ANTHOMYID.15. 


549 


the  extreme  base),  most  of  the  abdomen,  and  parts  of  the  liead,  tliorax,  and 
lows.  The  winj^s  are  rather  narrow  and  regidarly  ronnded ;  the  bristly 
costal  vein  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  lon<ritiidinal  vein  ;  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminates  before  the  middle  of  the  costal  border,  just  above 
the  small  transverse  vein ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  distinct  throughout  and 
remains  in  close  contiguity  with  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  curving  first 
downward  and  then  upward,  and  diverging  from  it  only  near  the  tip,  and 
then  but  little,  being  separated  from  it  at  its  tip  by  scarcely  more  than  the 
thickness  of  the  costal  vein  ;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is  slightly  oblique ; 
the  t:itrd  longitudinal  vein  strikes  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  tlie  second  divides 
i,iie  space  between  this  and  the  costa,  ruiming  for  the  greater  part  of  its 
length  parallel  to  the  latter,  turning  slightly  upward  at  the  tip ;  the  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are  pretty  closely  approximated,  and  parallel 
as  far  as  the  transverse  vein  in  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  from  this  to  the 
large  transverse  vein  they  diverge  gently,  and  are  again  parallel  beyond ; 
the  small  transverse  vein  is  placed  a  very  little  before  th  middle  of  the 
wing;  the  large  transverse  vein  is  straight,  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  costa, 
its  lower  exti-eniity  distant  from  the  mai'giu  by  about  half  its  own  length, 
its  upper  extremity  dividing,  just  before  the  middle,  the  part  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  lying  beyond  the  transverse  vein ;  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein  vanishes  just  before  reaching  the  border;  the  two  small  basai  cells  are 
nearly  equal  in  size,  in  length  about  midway  between  the  lengths  of  the 
two  transverse  veins.  The  wing  is  covered  pretty  abundantly,  veins  and 
membrane,  with  delicate  microscopic  hairs,  and  appears  to  l>e  uniforndv 
hyaline,  though  a  little  fuscous  on  the  stone.  The  specimen  appears  to  be 
a  male,  and  the  tegula  are  distinctly  marked,  leaving  no  doubt  that  it 
belongs  to  this  group  of  Muscidie. 

Probable  length  of  body,  6'"'" ;  length  of  wing,  6.2""";  breadth  of  same, 
2.-i5™'";  length  of  hind  tibia,  1.45""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  30  and  32  (Dr.  G.  M. 
Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Anthomyia  burgessi. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  34. 

Anthomyia  biirgesiii  8cudd.,Rep.  Progr.  Gool.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-187C,  274-27.'i  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  of  this  species  shows  an  upper  view  of  the  whole 
body   in   a  somewhat   fragmentar}-  condition.     The    broad   and    rounded 


550 


TIOUTIAIIY  INSKOTS  OK  NORTH  AMliUIUA. 


iil)(l«ineii  iiKliciitc's-  tliat  it  is  ii  female.  The  wings  are  uniformly  faint 
fuliginous,  but  |)robal)ly  Inaline  in  life,  covered  with  microscopic  hairs 
over  both  membrane  aiul  veins ;  tliey  are  short  and  broad  and  well  rounded; 
the  veins  in  the  upper  half  of  the  wing  are  rather  darker  than  those  in  the 
lower;  the  costal  vein  is  bristly  aiul  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudiiii'l  vein  ;  the  stout  first  longitudinal  vein  strikes  the  costal  at  the  middle 
of  the  front  margin ;  the  auxiliary  vein  appears  to  be  confluent  with  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  l.'alf-way  from  the  base  of  the  wing  to  the  tip  of  the 
former;  then,  rapidly  curving  forward,  diverges  from  it,  and  at  its  tip  is  as 
dis^^ant  from  the  first  K  "gltudinal  vein  as  the  second  longitudinal  is  from 
tlie  third  above  ine  short  transverse  vein ;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is 
slightly  curved  and  a  little  oblique  and  lies  directly  above  the  base  of  the 
small  basal  cells ;  the  direction  and  relation  of  ihe  longitudinal  veins  is  the 
same  as  in  A.  inanimata,  but  the  small  transverse  vein  lies  slightly  lieyond 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  so  that  the  divergence  or  parallelism  of  rhe  veins  is 
more  marked  than  there ;  the  large  transverse  vein  is  bent  slightly  inward 
in  the  middle,  and  its  general  direction  is  about  midway  between  j)erpen- 
dicular  to  the  costa  and  parallel  to  the  neighboring  border;  its  lower 
extremity  is  but  half  as  far  from  the  margin  of  the  wiiig  as  its  own  length ; 
its  ui)per  divides,  a  little  before  the  middle,  the  portion  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  which  lies  beyond  the  small  transverse  vein,  but  instead  of 
being  only  iialf  as  long  as  the  portion  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  lying 
between  tlu^  two  transverse  veins,  as  in  A.  inanimata,  it  is  very  nearly  as 
long ;  the  fiftii  longitudinal  vein  just  fails  of  reaching  the  border,  while  the 
sixth  onl)-  runs  about  two-thirds  the  distance  to  the  border ;  the  basal  cells 
are  moderately  large,  much  as  in  the  preceding  s{)ecies.  On  one  side  there 
are  apparently  remains  of  tegula?,  showing  that  the  insect  should  be 
referred  to  this  group  of  Muscida'.  The  apical  third  of  the  hind  tibia  is  fur- 
nished abundantly  with  not  very  long  hairs,  while  the  remainder  of  the 
tibia  is  bare. 

r.ength  of  body,  4.75"'"';  length  of  wing,  4.75"'"';  breadth  of  same, 
2""";  length  <.f  hind  tibia-,  1.15""";  length  of  hind  tarsi,  1.25'""'. 

Named  for  my  friend  Mr.  Edward  Burg'efs,  whose  critical  knowledge 
of  Diptera,  before  he  turned  his  attention  e\»iusively  to  naval  architecture; 
was  of  the  greatest  service  to  me. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  29  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  (,'anada). 


DIPTBRA— MUSCID^.  551 

Family   MUSCIDyE   Leach. 
MUSCA  Linnd. 

Under  this  liead  I  have  temporarily  jjlaced  five  species  of  dipterous 
larv.X'  which  appear  to  belong  to  this  family. 

Nearly  all  of  them,  however,  and  especially  Musca  ascarides,  so  closely 
r(!semble  the  larvjB  of  bot-flies  that  I  could  scarcely  persuade  myself  that 
tiiey  did  not  belong  to  the  (Estridjt.  The  appendages  of  the  skin,  how- 
ever, are  much  more  delicate  than  is  usual  in  (Estrida;,  and  are  unifoimly 
distributed  over  the  surface  or  are  altogether  absent.  The  empty  skins, 
too,  have  every  appearance  of  belonging  to  the  same  insects  as  the  com- 
plete bodies,  and,  although  these  are  not  cast  skins  (in  which  case  they 
would  be  proved  natural  inhabitants  of  the  water),  for  they  still  contain 
the  harder  parts  of  the  internal  organs  in  many  cases,  but  rather  remains 
of  partially  decomposed  larvaj,  it  would  seem  improbable  that  so  large  a 
number  of  oestrid  larv.-e  could  l)e  found,  when  the  only  way  in  which  they 
coidd  have  readied  their  present  condition  would  be  through  the  droppings  of 
animals  atfected  by  tiie  hots  standing  in  the  water.  Of  course  the  refer- 
ence I  have  given  them  is  only  provisional. 

Musca  ascarides. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  74,  75,  79,  82-87,  98,  101. 
Musca  aacaritUs  Scmia.,  Bull.  \1.  S.  Geol.  Geo<;r.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  T.'if)--.-)?  (1677). 

First  there  is  a  species  to  which  a  considerable  number  of  specimens 
belong,  which  may  take  the  name  here  given.  Some  of  ihe  specimens  are 
complete;  others  consist  of  emptied  skins  only.  When  contracted  the 
l)ody  is  tiiick,  especially  on  tiie  anterior  half,  and  about  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  closely  resembling  the  larva  of  a  bot-fly.  Both  extremities  are 
rounded,  the  anterior  very  broadly,  while  the  posterior  half  tapers  very  reg- 
ularly. In  one  specimen,  which  is  not  so  much  shrunken,  the  body  is 
fusiform,  and  about  three  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  head 
and  hinder  extremity  tapering  in  a  nearly  equal  degree.  In  the  emptied 
skins,  as  in  the  others,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  normal  form  is  a  blunt, 
.squarely  rounded  head,  behind  which  the  !)ody  is  nearly  equal,  and  then 
tapers  toward  the  tail.  At  the  anterior  extremity  may  be  nearly  always 
seen  a  portion  of  the  mandibles,  consisting  of  a  pair  of  very  slender  rods  or 


552 


TKltTIAItY  INSUOTS  OF  NORTH  AMKItlCA. 


blades  (;oiiver<riiig-  aiitcM-iorly  and  teriiuiiatin<r  in  two  attingeiit  rounded 
lobes  attached  to  the  inner  edge  of  the  blades  'Die  anterioi-  spiracles  are 
seen  in  a  single  specimen  as  a  simple,  rounded,  dark  spot  just  outside  the 
middle  of  either  lateral  hal'f ;  the  two  lateral  traehetal  vessels  may  be  seen 
in  nearly  all  the  specimens,  and  especially  at  the  hinder  extremity,  and 
fragments  of  them  are  freipiently  scattered  about  on  the  stones  ;  they  are 
very  large.  The  integument  is  generalh'  rather  dark  and  more  or  less 
blotched,  and  covered  profusely  and  almost  uniformly  w'th  backward- 
directed  hairs ;  these  are  short,  tapering,  and  moderately  stout,  though 
minute. 

Length  of  contracted  bodies,  11.5""";  breadth  of  same,  (I.^f)""" ;  length 
of  bodies  not  contracted,  17.5"'™;  breadth  of  same,  5.75"'"';  length  of  skins, 
25'"'" ;  breadth  of  same,  7.25'"'" ;  length  of  blades  of  mandibles,  i5.25'"'" ; 
diameter  of  tracheie,  O.G'"'" ;  of  anterior  spiracles,  0.4'""' ;  distance  of  latter 
apart,  2.75'""'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  Several  specimens  (W.  Den- 
ton). 

MUSCA    BIBOSA. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  7.}. 
Musea  hibosa  Sciuld...  BulL  CT.  S.  (tbkI.  (iengr.  Surv.  Torr.,  111,137  (l?/7). 

Another  ft|^>e!'i,,s  is  reiiresenatxl  by  a  sin^te  bo«4y  jiiwi  one  skin  and  its 
re'^erse,  wliich  seem  to  belong  to  the  satoie.  It  i«-<«!i»Hehr  affied  to  S.  H>wm^ 
riAssi,  but  dinars  from  it  ia  sotnt-  essential  iatirttn-f^.  Wbai  contracted  the 
bocv  does  not  tauer  reguiarly  1m)ai  the  middle  of  tiie  fr  t  •  alf  to  :he  tail. 
l)ur  tiie  whoie  hinder  iialf  is  inniiui  slenderer  than  rh<-  fnth  uid  toward  tlu' 
tip  lias  near*v  puniilel  sides,  i*'  that  the  body  is  tiask  siiaped  and  aljout 
twice  i.s  loutr  a»  *)i(»a(i.     A    in  diough  not  so  abrupt,  change  of  contour 

i»  seen  in  tlu*  *ikin.     Tin  'i  the  uiundiblea  and  of  the  tracheio,  may 

■sHBen  to  Wijie^same  as  in  tie-  (■■■£mp  species,  but  the  integument  is 
iHked,  beiuL  i\  lit'stn         tfioiy  of  tlie  hairs  which  roughen  the  skin 

»r  M.  ascarickrh. 

Length  -vf  «-«>Mtracted  XwAs',  \4*"":  breadth  of  same  in  front,  7.5'"°'; 
beliind,  ;5.75'"":  ifiigth  of  skin  (a  small  one),  ll!'"'";  greatest  breadth  of 
same,  5.25'""' ;  length  of  mandible  blade,  2.75'"'" ;  diameter  of  traclma',  0,7.) 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.      Two  8pecimens(W.  Denton). 


I 


H 


DIPTEBA-M'jSCID.E. 


553 


1 


I 


Muse  A  sp. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  106,  108. 
Musca  sp.  Sciida.,  Bull.  II.  S.  Gcol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  757  (1877). 

A  third  species  is  represented  by  three  or  four  contracted  skins,  which 
are  too  uncharacteristic  to  name,  though  it  may  be  seen  that  they  are  distinct 
from  the  others.  As  preserved  thoy  are  ahnost  bhick ;  the  skin  is  much 
wrinkled  and  smooth ;  the  body  pretty  regularly  and  bluntly  obovate,  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  broad ;  at  the  end  of  one,  two  colorless  oval  patches  lie 
united,  side  by  side,  pressed  against  the  extremity,  and  doubtless  represent 
the  head,  and  prove  it  to  be  different  from  the  other  species ;  it  is,  however, 
impossible  to  say  what  its  affinities  may  bo 

Length  of  body,  8..'}"'" ;  breadth,  4'""'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     (W.  Denton). 

MUSCA    HYDBOPICA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  72,  92,  93,  107. 

Muioa  hydropica  SmM.,  Bull.  U.  .S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7'y7-7iiS  (1877). 

A  fourth  species  is  represented  by  two  bodies  and  a  skin,  which  present 
an  entirely  different  appearance  from  the  preceding  three  spe<  ies,  but  whidi 
may  temporarily  be  given  the  same  broad  generic  name.  In  this  species  the 
form,  even  when  contracted, is  far  nmio  elongated  than  in  the  otiiers;  the  body 
is  nearly  five  times  as  long  as  broad,  is  bi-oadest  just  behind  the  roundly 
pointed  head,  tapers  rapidly  toward  it,  but  gently  posteriorly  to  the  middle, 
behind  which  it  is  ecpial.  In  the  skin  the  ])art  of  the  body  prewirved  is 
equal  and  very  broad,  excepting  toward  the  head,  where  it  rapidly  niirrow.s, 
the  head  being  well  rounded  or  slijrhtly  proihuwl ;  the  mouth  parts,  instead 
of  being  withdrawn  a  little  from  rlie  fr«iit  extremity  of  the  !)i.  ly,  as  in  tlic 
Species  alicnuly  described,  )i(!  at  its  very  boundary,  and  the  bkdes  are  par- 
allel instead  of  posteriorly  divergent.  Tlie  inte^'umont  is  covered  rather 
profusely  with  very  short,  conical,  tapering  hairs,  scarcely  mare  than  twice 
as  long  as  their  breadth  at  base.  The  larva  is  very  di«tinctly  banded  with 
darker  and  lighter  colors,  as  the  empty  t»kin  shows,  the  posterior  tliird  of 
each  segment  being  occupied  by  a  very  dark  band,  darken*  on  the  dorsal 
surface,  while  a  ftiint  pale  transverse  line  breaks  the  anterior  portion  into 
two  cfpial  halves  of  the  same  width  as  tlie  blackish  band. 


,^iigfe«8iM8 


MNHiMfaMMMIMaHiiai 


554 


TERTIARY  INSKCTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Loiijfth  of  body,  2;5""" ;  j^reatest  !)rea(ltli  of  same,  ft""" ;  breadth  pos- 
teriorly, 3""" ;  breadth  of  skin,  9.r)""" ;  length  of  segments  on  same,  4""" ; 
length  of  mandible  blades,  3.5""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  Hiver,  Colorado.  Tlu'ee  specimens  (W. 
Denton). 

MUSCA    VINCULATA. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  77. 

ilimea  rinciilata  Sciidd.,  null.  IT.  .S.  Oeol.  Googr.  Snrv.  Torr.,  Ill,  7r>8  (1877). 

There  is  still  another  species  allied  to  the  last  mentioned  which  may 
bear  the  name  here  proposed.  It  is  represented  oidy  by  parts  of  emptied 
skins,  all  lying  on  the  same  stone,  and  which  differ  from  the  preceding 
species  in  being  absolutely  devoid  of  any  hairs  and  in  having  different  and 
much  fainter  markings.  The  general  color  of  the  best  preserved  specimen 
is  a  pale  brown,  and  the  markings  are  scarcely  darker  transverse  bands, 
narrowing  on  the  sides,  but  occupying  nearly  the  entire  length  of  a  segment 
dorsnlly,  and  broken  into  equal  parts  by  two  transverse  rows  of  very  faint 
and  minute  pale  dots.  No  specimen  is  sufficiently  perfect  to  show  the  shape 
or  th<f  leiigMi,  but  tiio  shape  appears  to  be  similar  to  that  of  M.  hydropicii, 
iijjd  the  insect  i/iiich  smaller  than  it,  for  the  breadth  is  4.5'""',  and  the  lengtii 
H^  one  segment,  2'"'". 

Chiigfi/i  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  Several  snedmenn  (W. 
Denton). 

MuscA  spp. 
PI.  r,,  Figs.  80,  81,  99,  100, 

A  wholly  different  form  of  larva  i«  represented  in  PI.  5,  Figs.  80,  81, 
athd  on  on(?  of  the  stones  are  found  the  moutli  parts  of  another,  PI.  5,  Figs. 
99,  100,  wbk'li  are  quite  different  from  those  of  Musea  ascarides. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton). 

Family  TACHINID^  Loew. 

TACHINA  Meigen. 

Tachina  sp. 

Tachina  sp.  Seiidd.,  null.  V.  S.  Gcol.  Geour.  Surv.  Terr.,  TV,  7.16  (1878). 

To  this  genus  is  referred  provisionally  a  small  but  stout  and  densely 
Iiairy  i\y,  with  thick,  slightly  tajx-ring  abdomen,  broadK  rounded  at  the  tip, 


T 


DIPTEKA— (!t)N()l'II).1<}. 


555 


long  \ving8  with  lieavily  ciliiitod  c.ostjil  iiiiir;,'-iii,  t.lio  auxiliary  vein  terminat- 
ing just  before  the  middle,  and  tlio  first  longitudinal  vein  not  very  far  before 
the  tip ;  the  other  veins  of  the  wing  can  not  be  determined.  The  legs  are 
pretty  stout  and  densely  haired.  About  the  lly  are  scattered  many  arcuate, 
tapering,  spinous  hairs  0.7"""  long,  evidently  tlu*  clothing  of  the  thora,\. 

Length  of  body,  4'""' ;  breadth  of  thorax,  1.2;")"'"' ;  length  of  wings,  4"'"'(f); 
of  hind  femora,  0.6"'"' ;  hind  tibijc,  l.-if)""";  hind  tar.si,  1.25"""  (?)• 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  48"'  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 

Family  PLATYPEZID^E  Loew. 
CALLOMYIA  Meigen. 

CaLLOMYIA   TOliPOKATA. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  11. 

A  single  specimen  is  preserved  showing  a  dorsal  view  of  the  body 
but  with  no  distinct  appyndages  excepting  one  wing  which  is  imperfectly 
figured  on  the  plate.  Tiie  thorax  is  broad  oval,  and  the  abdomen  oval,  as 
long  as  the  head  and  thorax  together,  narrower  r^iau  the  thorax,  tapering 
from  in  front  of  the  middle  backward,  and  rounded  at  the  tip.  The  wing 
is  as  long  as  the  thorax  and  abdomen  together.  The  third  longitudinal 
vein  terminates  at  the  tip  of  the  wing,  the  iirst  in  the  ir.iddle  of  the  outer 
half  of  the  wing,  and  the  second  midway  between  them ;  the  basal  cells 
are  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  wing  (indicated  in  the  plate  by  the 
angle  in  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein),  and  the  oblicpie  posterior  transverse 
vein  is  situated  at  its  upper  extremity,  about  midway  between  the  middle 
basal  cell  and  the  apex  of  the  wing.  The  exact  length  of  the  lower  basal 
cell  can  not  be  determined. 

Length  of  body,  3""";  of  wing,  2.7""";  brcnultli  <A'  same,  1.1""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  71  (Prof  Leslie  A.  Lee). 

Family  CONOPID.C  Leach. 
POLIOMYIA  Scudder  (TroXn'?,  ^vla). 

roHomyia  SciuM.,  Hull.  11.  S.  Goid.  (Joojjr.  Surv.  TiTr.,  IV,  7.->l-755  (1878). 

This  genus  of  Conopidie,  most  nearly  allied  to  Myopa,  appears  in  the 
neuration  of  the  wings  to  reseml)le  closely  some  genera  of  Syrphidic,  espe- 
cially Xylota  and  Milesia,  but  it  altogether  lacks  the  spurious  longitudinal 


^a^iii^SBSKHI 


550 


TEUriABV  INSKCr.S  Ol''  NOKTU  AMEUICA. 


vein,  1111(1  tlio  third,  fourth,  mid  fifth  h)n;^itudiiml  voiiia  are  not  united  at 
tht'ii'  oxtroinitios  by  iniii'<^iiiiil  vtMiis;  indeod,  thuy  niii  \vitht)Ut  swerving  and 
sul)|)iiriilh!l  to  (tiio  jinothor  t(t  the  iniirj^ln.  In  this  respect  th(^  <^eiiiis  dilVcrs 
iilso  fnnii  otlier  (Jonopiche,  iis  it  «U>es  iilso  in  tiie  extreme  length  of  the  tliird 
basal  cell,  wiiidi  is  as  long  as  in  Syrphidie.  In  these  points  of  neiiratioii 
it  would  seem  to  agree  better  witii  the  Pipuiiculidic,  wiiicli  family,  however, 
is  entirely  composed  of  very  small  flies,  so  that  it  seems  better  witli  our 
imperfect  knowledge  of  the  fossil  to  refer  it  to  the  Conopidie.  The  l)od\ 
resomldes  that  of  Syrphtis  in  general  f(»rm  The  wings  are  as  long  as  the 
b(j(ly  and  slender,  witii  very  straight  veins;  the  auxiliary  and  tirst  to  fourth 
longitudinal  veins  are  almost  perfectly  straight,  the  third  originating  from 
the  second  longitudinal  vein  at  some  distance  before  the  middle  of  the  wing; 
the  auxiliary  vein  terminates  Ijeyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin; 
directly  beueatii  its  extremity  is  the  small  transverse  vein,  aiul  about  mid- 
way between  the  latter  and  the  margin  the  large  transverse  vein  uniting  tlu; 
fourth  and  fifth  veins;  the  extremity  of  the  second  basal  cell  is  farther  from 
the  base  tiian  tiie  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  third  basal 
cell  reaches  very  acutely  almost  to  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

POLIOMYIA    RECTA. 

PI.  9,  Figs.  19,  ai. 

Poliomyia   reeta    .Soiidd.,  Hull.  U.  S.  lieol.  Uoogr.  Siirv.  Turr.,  IV,  75r>(187B);  in  Zittel,  Hundb.  d. 

PaluBout.,  I,  ii,  807,  Kig.  IWa  (IHSfi). 

The  single  specimen  referable  to  this  species  was  obtained  at  the 
"Petrified  Fish  Cut,"  and  re{)resents  a  dorsal  view  of  the  insect  with  the 
wings  i)artly  overlapping  on  the  back.  It  is  the  smaller  fly  referred  to  in 
J)r.  Ilayden's  Sun  Pictures  of  llocky  Mountain  Scenery,  page  98.  "^Phe 
head  is  broken ;  the  thorax  is  stout,  rounded  ovate,  and  l)lackish ;  the 
scutelluin  large,  semi-lunar,  and  nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  long 
black  bristles  along  either  lateral  edge  and  along  the  sides  of  the  thorax 
posteriorly.  The  wings  are  long  and  narrow  ;  the  auxiliary  vein  runs  into 
the  margin  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing;  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
runs  into  the  margin  at  about  two-thirds  the  distance  from  the  tip  of  the 
auxiliary  vein  to  that  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  and  scarcely  turns 
upward  even  at  the  tij) ;  the  straight  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins 
diverge  from  each  other  at  the  extreme  tip  after  running  almost  parallel 


■■ 


DIPTBRA— SYUPEID.I':. 


557 


tliroughont  t\w  louj^tli  of  tlio  latter,  w'tidi  originates  from  the  second  soino 
(listiincii  betoro  the  middle  of  the  win|;  ;  the  small  transverse  vein  between 
tlie  third  and  fourth  longitadinal  veins  lies  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
wing  and  perijendicular  to  the  costal  l)order,  while  the  largo  transverse  vein 
between  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  . .  perpendicular  to  the  latter 
and  renders  the  discal  and  second  posterior  colls  of  about  ecpial  length. 
The  abdomen  is  apparently  lighter  colored  than  the  thorax,  ngularly 
obovate,  as  broad  as  the  thoi  ix,  and  longer  than  it^  its  terminal  (fifth)  seg- 
ment small,  the  others  large  and  8ul)e«iual. 

Length  of  thorax  and  scntellum,  4""";  breadth  of  same,  2  7.5""";  Icngtli 
of  abdomen,  4.5""";  breadth  of  same,  2.76""";  length  of  wing,  (i.f)"-"';  breadth 
of  same,  2.25""'. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Edward  Burgess  for  some  critical  remarks  upon 
the  affinities  of  thi.s  ily,  and  for  a  careful  sketch  of  the  neuration,  which  is 
very  difficult  to  trace  in  certain  places. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  1469U  (Dr.  F.  V. 
llayden). 

Family  SYRPHID^C  Leach. 
MILESIA  Latreille. 

MlLESlA   yUAURATA. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  13. 

Milema  qwlrata  Somld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geojjr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  75'i-7.-)3  (1878) ;  Willist.  Syn.  N.  A. 

Syrph,  iWl,  ««» (1886). 

A  specimen  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation,  although  not  perfect,  and 
with  mo<*  of  the  neuration  of  the  wing  concealed  under  hard  flakes  of  stone 
which  can  not  ba  wlioUy  removed,  was  found  by  Dr.  ILiyden  at  the  "Pet- 
rified Fish  Cut,"  Green  River.  It  is  the  larger  fly  alluded  to  in  Dr. 
Hayden's  Sun  Pictures  of  Rocky  Mountain  Scenery,  page  98.  The  head 
and  thorax  are  black,  the  head  large,  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  the  eyes 
larire,  srlobose,  as  broad  as  the  summit  of  the  head  between  them,  the  front 
very  large,  prominent,  half  as  broad  as  the  head,  and  half  as  long  as  broad. 
Thorax  globose,  a  little  longer  than  bro,i,d,  largest  in  the  middle.  Wings 
surpassii.g  slightly  the  abdomen;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  originates 
from  the  ^econd  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  very  gently  arcuate  (the 
convexity  backward)  in  its  outer  half,  and  appears  to  terminate  just  above 


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558 


TEKTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  N014TH  AMEBIGA. 


the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  united  by  an  oblique 
cross-vein  to  tlie  third  very  near  the  origin  of  the  latter,  and  the  spurious 
longitudinal  vein  can  not  be  made  out,  from  poor  preservation ;  the  mar- 
ginal vein  between  these  two  appears  to  be  very  simple,  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  bending  downward  at  its  tip  to  meet  it.     The  abdomen  is  as 
broad  as  the  thorax,  ful'y  as  long  as  the  rest  of  the  body,  broad  ovate, 
tapering  slightly  at  the  base  and  rapidly  beyond  the  middle,  broadest  at 
the  second  segment ;  the  first  segment  is  longest  and  half  as  long  as  broad, 
the  second  and  third  slightly  shorter,  the  fourth  still  shorter,  and  the  fifth 
minute;  the  abdomen  is  light-colored,  probably  yellow  in  life,  and  the  first 
three  segments  are  rather  narrowly  margined  posteriorly  with  black;  the 
fii-st  segment  is  also  similarly  margined  in  front,  and  besides  has  a  median 
black  stripe  of  similar  widtii,  which  divides  the  segments  into  equal  lateral 
quadrate  halves,  whence  the  specific;  name;  the  whole  abdomen  is  rather 
j)rofu8ely  covered  witii   very  brief,   black,   microscopic  hairs,   which  are 
thickest  in  the  black  bands  bordering  the  segments,  and  next  the  hind  edge 
of  the  fourtii  and  fifth  segments,  producing  a  dusky  posterior  margin,  sim- 
ilar to  but  narrower  than  the  dark  belts  of  the  preceding  segments,  and  of 
course  very  inconspicuouti. 

Length  of  body,  18""";  of  head,  2.85"'"';  of  thorax,  5.65""";  of  abdo- 
men, 9.5"'"' ;  breadth  of  front,  2.4'""' ;  of  head,  4.5"'"" ;  of  thorax,  6""° ;  of 
abdomen,  6""";  probable  length  of  wing,  14  5™"';  length  of  hairs  on  abdo- 
men, 0.04'""' ;  width  of  dark  abdominal  bands,  O.S""™. 

Dr.  Williston  thinks  it  can  not  be  a  Milesia,  but  that  its  affinities  are 
rather  with  Syrphus. 

Green  River,  Wyonnng.    One  specimen.  No.  14691  (Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden). 

ERISTALIS  LatreiUe. 
Eristalis  lapideus. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  48  49. 

Erittalis  Zapidfus  Soiidd.,  Bull.  I'.  S.  Geoi.  Goo^jr.  Surv.   Terr.,  Ill,  756  (ldT7);  Willist.,  8yn.  N.  A. 

S.vri>li.,y81, 2-^3  (1886). 

A  poorly  preserved  specimen,  sliowing  little  that  is  characteristic,  but 
which  belongs  lear  Kristalis  or  Helophilus.  The  body  is  preserved  on  a 
dorsal  aspect,  with  wings  partially  expanded ;  the  head  is  nearly  wanting, 
the  thorax  without  markings.     The  wings  are  distinct  only  on  the  basal 


I)IPTEi4A— SYRPHIIvE. 


559 


half,  and  oven  liere  show  no  neuration  at  all  beyond  the  general  course  of 
the  principal  veins  at  the  very  base;  the  alulai,  however,  are  very  distinct, 
very  large,  their  breadth  (along  the  wing)  fully  equal  to  half  the  breadtii 
of  the  thorax,  dark,  with  obliquely  transverse  dark  ridges,  indicating  that 
they  were  wrinkled  in  nature,  much  as  in  Voliicella  or  (Estrus.  Abdomen 
long,  broadest  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  half,  beyond  tapei .'ng  considerably, 
the  tip  roundly  pointed;  apiv^al  half  of  basal  joint  black,  forming  a  distinct 
transverse  straight  band;  the  number  of  abdominal  joints  ifppeirs  to  be  five. 

Length  of  thorax,  3.5""";  breadth  of  same,  3.25""" ;  length  of  abdomen, 
6.5""";  wings,  12™"';  breadth  of  same,  3.5"'". 

Dr.  Williston  thinks  it  can  not  be  an  Eristalis. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

SYRPHUS  Fabricius. 
Sykphus  sp. 

Syrphua  sp.  Soudd.,  Bull  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  75r)  (1878). 

A  species  of  this  family,  and  in  size  second  only  to  the  Milesia  from  the 
sainy  beds,  is  represented  by  reverse  and  obverse  of  a  single  specimen, 
which  is  too  imperfect  for  description,  only  the  body  being  preserved ;  the 
form  and  size  of  this  agree  best  with  the  genus  Syrphus. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  lO""^. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One,  specimen,  Nos.  4110  and  4132  (S.  H. 
Scudder). 

CHILOSIA  Meigen. 
Chilosia  ampla. 

n.  9,  Figs.  14,  27. 
Cheihaia  ampla  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  753-7.54  (1878). 

This  species  is  primarily  founded  on  a  single  specimen  which  Mr. 
Bowditch  and  I  found  in  the  shales  at  Green  River,  and  which  preserves 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  insect.  There  is  also  a  specimen  with  its  reverse 
which  we  obtained  at  the  samr  place,  and  another  which  Mr.  Richardson 
sent  me  from  these  beds,  agreeing  with  the  first-mentioned  specimen,  but  a 
little  larger.     As  only  the  bodies  are  preserved,  they  are  temporarily  placed 


560 


TKRTrA.RY  IJT3ECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


in  this  connection  until  other  material  is  at  hand,  while  the  species  is 
described  wholly  from  the  more  perfect  individual.  This  has  a  body  more 
nearly  of  the  shape  of  an  Orthoneura,  the  abdomen  being  broader  and 
st(uiter  than  is  usual  in  Chilosia,  but  the  wings  are  much  longer  than  in  the 
sjjecies  of  Orthoneura  I  have  seen,  and  botii  the  shape  of  the  wing  and  its 
neuration  agree  well  with  Chilosia.  The  head  is  round  and  moderately 
large,  the  thorax  stout  and  rounded  ovate,  tli(*  sciitellum  large,  semi-lunar, 
twice  as  broad  as  long ;  all  these  parts  are  dark  brown.  The  wings  are  very 
long  and  narrow,  extentling  nuich  beyond  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  the  costal 
edge  very  straight  until  shortly  before  the  tip,  where  it  curves  rapidly  ;  all 
the  veins  are  very  straight,  especially  those  of  the  upper  half  of  the  wing  ; 
the  auxiliary  vein  terminates  in  the  middhi  of  the  co.stal  border,  the  fir.st 
longitudinal  a*  the  extremity  of  tlui  straight  part  f)i  the  costa,  !)eyonil 
the  mid(jle  of  the  outer  half  of  the  wing,  the  third  at  the  tip  of  the 
wing,  and  t!ie  second  midway  between  the  first  and  third ;  th.e  third  is 
united  to  the  fourth  by  a  .straight  cnK-^s-vein  in  the  middle  of  t'le  wing, 
directly  beneath  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  and  about  its  own  length 
beyond  the  extremity  of  the  long  second  basal  cell ;  the  extremity  of  the 
third  basal  cell  is  very  oblique  and  reaches  the  tip  of  the  lower  branch  of 
the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  marginal  vein,  uniting  the  third  and  fourth 
veins,  strikes  the  former  just  before  the  tip,  while  that  uniting  the  fourth 
and  fifth,  toward  which  the  fourth  bends  to  receive  it,  is  removed  farther 
from  the  margin  by  about  half  the  width  of  the  first  posterior  cell.  The  legs 
are  slender,  scantily  clothed  with  short,  fine  hairs.  -The  abdomen  is  broad, 
oblong  ovate,  fully  as  bl'oad  as  the  thorax,  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  no 
longer  than  the  rest  of  the  body,  of  a  light  color,  with  darker  incisures,  and 
scantily  covered  with  delicate  hairs :  it  is  composed  of  five  segments,  of 
which  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  are  of  equal  length,  the  first  shorter  and 
suddenly  contracted,  the  apical  minute. 

Length  of  body,  7""" ;  diameter  of  head,  1.35"'"' ;  length  of  thorax, 
2.5™"' ;  breadth  of  same,  2""' ;  length  of  abdomen,  'i.b""" ;  breadth  of  same, 
2  2"'"';  length  of  wing,  6.4""";  breadth  of  same,  l.S"""' ;  length  of  'lind 
femora,  1.25""";  of  hind  tibiit,  1.25"'"';  of  hind  tarsi,  1.25"'^ 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  4112,  4135  and  4141 
(F.  C.  Bowditch  and  S.  II.  Scudder),  40  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 


I 


DIPTEBA— SYKPHIDiE. 


561 


L  f» 


CiiilosiaI  sp. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  26. 

Another  species  resembling  the  last,  but  too  large  to  bo  referred  to  it 
and  too  imperfect  to  be  sufficient  for  characterization,  occurs  in  the  same 
beds.  It  is  pretty  plainly  one  of  the  Syrphidae  from  its  general  appearance 
and  from  such  remains  of  the  neuration  as  are  preserved.  The  abdomen  is 
almost  round,  considerably  surpassed  by  the  wings,  and  consists  of  four 
visible  segments,  of  which  the  second  is  consiiicuous  for  its  ornamenta- 
tion, the  margins  being  dark  and  joined  by  a  blackish  mesial  longitudinal 
stripe,  next  which,  on  either  side,  the  surface  is  much  paler  than  elsewhere. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  7.1""° ;  the  apparent  length  of  the  wings, 
6.75°"" ;  the  breadth  of  the  abdomen,  3""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  17  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Chilosia  sp. 

PI.  9,  Fig.  8. 

Cheiluaia  sp.  Scudd..  Bull.  U.  8.  Gcol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  IV,  754  (1878). 

Two  specimens  of  a  smaller  species  of  tSyrphidse,  preserving  the 
bodies,  agree  so  completely  with  C.  ampla,  excepting  in  their  much  smaller 
size,  that  they  are  referred  to  the  same  genus  ;  but  as  the  wings  are  almost 
entirely  lost  the  reference  is  made  only  to  indicate  the  approximate  place 
of  the  species,  which  need  not  be  described  until  better  material  is  at  hand. 

The  length  of  the  body  is  4.25°'°'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  4113,  4150  (S.  H. 
Scudder). 

PSILOTA  Meigen. 

PsiLOTA   TABIDOSA. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  9. 

A  headless  body  of  a  testaceous  color  with  a  nearly  complete  wing 
represents  this  species.  Unfortunately  it  is  not  accurately  drawn  on  the 
plate,  the  nearly  invisible  veins  connecting  the  third  and  fourth  longitud- 
inal veins  at  their  tips  and  closing  the  discal  cell  being  omitted  and  the 
cross-vein  being  placed  much  too  near  the  base.  In  reality  it  should  lie 
scarcely  within  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  and  the  fourth  longitudinal 
VOL  xin 36 


562 


TEltTIAKY  INSECTS  OI'  NOliTH  AMERICA. 


vein  should  curve,  brace-like to  meet  it,  while  the  third  longitudinal 

vein,  from  which  the  cross-vein  parts  at  a  right  angle,  runs  in  a  straight 
course,  as  rei)resented.  The  oraco-like  direction  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  causes  the  discal  cell  to  bo  of  equal  breadth  in  the  distal  half  and 
about  twice  as  broad  as  the  proximal  half,  the  whole  cell  being  unusually 
long  and  narrow  or  fully  five  times  as  long  as  its  greatest  breadth.  The 
first  longitudinal  vei.i  reaches  the  margin  nearer  the  tip  of  the  second  lon- 
gitudinal than  the  auxiliary  vein. 

Length  of  headless  body,  5""'" ;  of  win"-,  4"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  59  (Prof  Leslie  A.  Lee). 

SVEPKlDiE   sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  9. 

Another  species  of  Syrphidtc  appears  to  be  represented  in  PI.  10,  Fig. 
9,  but  it  is  too  obscure  for  determination  and  is  incompletely  drawn  on  tl^e 
plate.  It  is  in  any  case  a  very  small  species.  The  basal  cells  appear  to 
be  long,  extending  nearly  to  tiie  middle  of  the  wing;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  is  certainly  simple,  and  there  are  no  intercalaries. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  98  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

DIPTERi^    ORTHORHAPHA    Brauer. 

BRACHYCERA  Zetterstedt, 

Family  DOLICHOPODID^  Loew. 

DOLICHOPUS  Latreillo. 

DOLICHOPUS   sp. 
Doliohopua  ap.  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  706  (1878). 

A  specimen  and  its  reverse  are  to  be  referred  to  this  family  by  the 
structure  of  the  abdomen  and  by  the  general  aspect.  The  wings  and  head, 
however,  are  lacking.  The  thorax  is  globose,  well  arched,  and,  like  thj 
abdomen,  of  a  ■;ght  brown  color,  and  ornamented  with  scattered,  bristly, 
black  hairs.     The  tip  of  the  abdomen  is  recurved  beneath. 

T'he  length  of  the  fragment  is  3.65°"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  4124  and  4148  (S.  H. 
Scudder), 


it 


1 


DlPTERA-ASILIDiE.  553 

Family  CYRTID^  Loew. 
ACROCERA  Meigen. 

ACROCEBA    IIIKSUTA. 

PI.  6,  Fig.  6. 

Avrocera  hiriuta  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Qool.  Googr.  Surv.  Terr.,  HI,  755  (1877). 

A  single  very  fragmentary  specimen  appears  to  belong  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Acrocera,  but  is  too  imperfect  to  mention  with  any  certaiirty. 
The  size  of  the  insect,  the  small  head,  robust  and  coarsely  haired  thorax, 
stout  and  abbreviated  abdomen,  indicate  a  form  resembling  that  of  Acro- 
cera, and  the  tibia;  appear  to  be  destitute  of  spurs;  but  the  legs  are  not 
very  slender  and  the  neuration  of  the  fragment  of  the  wing  does  not  agree 
well  with  Westwood's  figure  of  A.  globulus  Panz.  in  Walker's  Diptora  Hri- 
tannica.  There  are,  however,  only  a  few  longitudinal  veins  next  the  base, 
disconnected  and  faint,  so  that  they  afford  very  slight  indication  of  the  real 
character  of  the  wings,  and  the  transverse  veins  being  obliterated  nothin.r 
can  be  said  of  the  basal  cells.  Thorax  and  abdomen  of  about  equal  size.  " 
Length  of  body,  4.5"-' ;  head,  0.6""";  height  of  same,  Ui""\ 
Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family  ASILID^  Leach. 
STENOCINCLIS  Scudder  (areyhc,  HiyHX/s). 

SienocincUt  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  751  (1878). 

This  genus  of  Asilidae  is  founded  wholly  upon  characters  drawn  from 
the  neuration  of  the  wing,  the  only  portion  of  the  insect  preserved.     It  falls 
into  the  group  of  Dasypogonina,  in  which  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ter- 
minates on  the  margin  apart  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  instead  of 
uniting  with  it  just  before  the  margin.     It  is  not  very  far  removed  from 
Dioctria,  but  differs  from  it  and  from  all  Asilidjc  I  have  examined  in  that 
the  third  longitudinal  vein  arises  from  the  first  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  instead  of  from  the  second  longitudinal  vein  after  its  emission  from 
the  first;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  has  therefore  two  inferior  shoots,  giving 
the  wing  a  very  peculiar  aspect,  and  causing  it  to  differ  radically  from  all 
other  Asilidae ;  indeed,  it  would  be  hard  to  know  where  to  look  for  a  simi- 
lar feature  among  allied  Diptera,  unless  it  be  in  the  anomalous  group  of 


564 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Cyrtida;.     The  wing  is  very  slondor  and  all  the  cells  unusually  elongated, 
which  also  gives  it  a  unique  appearance. 

Stenocinclis  anomala. 

PI.  9,  Fig.  10, 

StcMcinclia  anomala  Sciidd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Gcogr.  8nrv.  Terr.,  IV,  7T,l-752  (1878). 

This  .species  is  roprosented  by  a  single  fragment  of  a  wi.   <;  which  I 
found  in  the  (ireon   River  sliales.     Nearly  all  tlie  neuration  is  [jre^orved ; 
but  the  posterior  margin  i.s  absent  and  the  length  of  the  cells  which  border 
upon  it  can  not  bo  accurately  deternn'ned.     The  insect  was  evidently  small, 
with  a  long  and  slender  wing.     The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  slightly 
be>'ond  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin  ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  runs  up 
toward  the  margin  where  the  auxiliary  vein  terminates,  and  follows  along 
next  the  edge  far  toward  the  tip,  as  usual  in  this  group ;  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  originates  from  the  first  a  little  way  before  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  and  with  an  exceedingly  gentle  sinuous  curve,  turning  upward  apic- 
ally,  terminates  a  little  wa}-  beyond  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the  first  as  far  before  the  origin  of  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  as  the  distance  apart  of  the  tips  of  the  first  and 
second  longitudinal  veins,  and,  running  at  first  parallel  and  almost  as  close 
to  it  as  the  first  longitudinal  vein  to  the  apical  half  of  the  costal  margin, 
but  distinctly  separate  throughout,  it  diverges  slightly  from  it  in  the  middle 
of  the  wing  and  terminates  at  the  lower  part  of  the  apex  of  the  wing,  curv- 
ing downward  more  strongly  toward  the  margin ;  at  the  middle  of  the 
divergent  part  of  its  course,  which  is  very  regular,  it  emits  abruptly  a  supe- 
rior branch,  which  afterward  curves  outward  and  runs  in  a  very  slightly 
sinuous  course  to  the  margin,  curving  upward  as  it  approaches  it.     The 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  seen  to  start  from  the  root  of  the  wing,  and  runs 
in  a  straight  course  until  it  reaches  a  point  just  below  the  origin  of  the  sec- 
ond longitudinal  vein,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  vein  below  by  the 
anterior  basal  transverse  vein,  and  then  bends  a  little  downward,  runninff 
nearly  parallel  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  but  continuing  in  a  straighter 
course  terminates  on  the  margin  at  nearly  the  same  point ;  these  two  veins 
are  connected  by  the  small  transverse  vein  midway  between  the  antr  ior 
basal  transverse  vein  and  the  forking  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  the 
fourth  longitudinal   vein   is  connected   by  the  posterior  transverse  vein 


v» 


t 


I 


DIPTEUA— ASILID^. 


565 


v» 


t 


\ 


(which  is  scarcely  as  long  as  the  small  transverse  vein;  with  the  upper  apical 
branch  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  just  beyond  its  forking,  or  opposite  the 
forking  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  forks  pre- 
viously to  this,  omitting  a  branch  barely  before  the  point  where  the  ante- 
rior basal  transverse  vein  strikes  it,  so  that  the  branch  almost  appears  to  be 
a  continuation  of  the  transverse  vein ;  and  previous  to  this  it  has  a  distinct 
angle,  where  another  vein  is  thrown  off  at  right  angles,  directly  opposite 
the  upper  extremity -of  the  anterior  basal  transverse  vein,  and  beyond  the 
origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  basal  half  only  of  the  sixth  longi- 
tudinal vein  can  be  seen,  but  its  direction  shows  that  it  unites  with  the 
lowest  branch  of  the  fifth  at  its  apex,  as  in  Dasypogon.  All  the  cells 
throughout  the  wing  are  exceedingly  narrow. 

Length  of  wing,  6.75""";  probable  breadth,  LG"™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  4143  (S.  H.  Scudder). 

Stenocinclis  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  15. 

Certainly  to  this  family,  not  improbably  to  this  genus,  and  perhaps  to 
the  single  species  described  above,  belongs  the  body  of  a  fly  figured  on  PI. 
10,  Fig.  1.5.  It  is  a  male.  The  thorax  is  very  stout,  naked,  and  devoid  of 
bristles.  The  femora  stout,  inflated,  naked,  and  spineless ;  the  tibia;  not 
one-third  so  stout,  cylindrical,  hairy,  and  apparently  spinous,  not  so  long 
as  the  femora ;  the  tarsi  densely  hairy  and  spinous,  the  claws  stout,  strongly 
curved.  The  thorax  and  abdomen,  the  former  more  distinctly,  show  a 
microscopic  longitudinal  wavy  carding  of  the  integument,  which  is  also 
faintly  seen  on  the  naked  femora. 

Length  of  body,  9.5""" ;  of  femora,  2""" ;  breadth  of  latter,  O.?*--". 

Green  Kiver,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  45  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

ASILID.E    sp. 

A  fly,  apparently  of  this  family,  but  in  too  imperfect  a  state  for  any 
reasonable  identification  at  present,  was  found  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson  three 
miles  up  the  North  Fork  of  the  Similkaraeen  River,  British  Columbia,  and 
numbered  by  him  67  and  68. 


566  TERTIARY  INSH0T8  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Family  STRATIOMYIDvE  Leach. 
LITIIOPHYSA  gon.  iiov.  (A/0«?,  (pvaa). 

This  genus,  of  the  section  lieridinfi,  is  peculiar  for  the  plump,  ovnto 
abdomen,  somewhat  as  in  Diijliysa,  for  having  no  lower  intercalary  vein,  for 
the  distance  at  which  the  lower  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  arises 
from  the  apex  ot  the  discoidal  cell  and  for  the  presence  of  six  spines  on  the 
motanotum. 

The  head  is  large  and  nearly  as  broad  as  the  stout  oval  thorax,  the  eyes 
occupying  above  all  but  a  narrow  mesial  belt  about  a  fifth  the  width  of  the 
head ;  the  antennju  apparently  as  in  Xenonioi-pha,  short  and  tapering  regu- 
larly apically.  Tlie  motanotum  has  six  coarse,  eqviidistant,  and  not  very 
long  spines,  the  middle  pair  a  little  stouter  than  the  lateral.  The  auxiliary 
vein  terminates  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  a  little  beyond, 
like  ihe  first  and  second  longitudinal,  it  curves  upward  rather  strongl}''  at  the 
extremity.  The  third  longitudinal  vein  is  forked.  The  basal  cells  are  of 
equal  length  and  half  as  long  as  the  wing ;  the  discoidcal  cell  about  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  two  branches  issuing  from  the  two  outer  angles  and  the  third 
branch  from  the  lower  border  close  to  the  second  basal  cell.  Abdomen 
regularly  ovate,  broader  than  the  thorax,  composed  of  six  visible  segments, 
besides,  probably,  a  basal  segment,  which  the  preservation  of  the  fossil  does 
not  permit  to  be  seen. 

LlTIIOPnYSA   TUMULTA. 
PI.  9,  Fig.  31. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  which  is  tolerably  well 
preserved.  The  thorax  is  darker  than  the  head  and  abdomen,  and  the  ob- 
scurity of  the  base  of  the  latter  leads  to  the  presumption  that  it  was  pale  in 
life ;  the  hinder  edges  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  a  little  darker  than 
the  rest  of  the  abdomen.  The  wings  are  clear  excepting  the  fuliginous 
stigma  which  embraces  the  interspaces  on  either  side  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  from  where  it  parts  from  the  third  vein  to  its  tip.  The  discoidal 
cell  is  almost  regularly  pentagonal,  and  would  be  quite  so  were  the  lower 
branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  to  arise  a  short  distance  farther  toward 
the  base ;  the  base  is  outward,  and  the  outer,  upper,  and  lower  sides  are 
longer  than  the  inner ;  it  is  situated  about  midway  between  the  costal  and 


t 


*i» 


DIPTERA— STKATIOMYII)^!. 


567 


t 


lowor  nmrgins  of  the  wing,  and  tho  auxiliary  and  firHt  longitudinal  veins, 
though  cloHfily  approxiniato,  are  pretty  distant  from  and  parallel  to  tho  mar- 
gin through  most  of  their  courHo. 

I.ongth  of  body,  5'"'";  of  wing,  Alt"'"';  breadth  of  thorax,  l.r-""';  of 
abdomen,  l.!»""";  of  wing,  1.75'""'. 

Green  llivor,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  4  (Dr.  A.  B.  Packard). 

ASARCOMYIA  gen.  nov.  (a-,  ad)^,,  /4vla). 

This  genus,  also  belonging  to  the  section  Heridina,  is  distantly  related 
to  Chiromyza  Wied.  Head  slightly  narrower  than  the  globular  thorax. 
Abdomen  long,  composed  of  seven  joints,  with  nearly  paralhsl  sides,  broader 
than  the  thorax.  Antennaj  with  short  basal,  long  and  equal  second,  joint. 
Legs  long  and  very  slender,  the  tibiii;  with  a  short  row  of  spines  near  the  tip, 
the  apical  ones  no  longer  than  the  others.  Wings  with  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  simple,  tho  first  longer  than  tho  second  basal  cell,  the  discoidal  cell  emit- 
ting three  long  and  nearly  straight  veins  to  the  border,  all  arising  apically, 
a  fourth  vein  arising  from  the  second  basal  coll ;  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal 
veins  uniting  close  to  the  margin. 

The  simple  third  longitudinal  vein,  tho  unequally  long  basal  cells,  and 
the  fourth  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  with  its  origin  from  the 
second  basal  cell  apart  from  the  others,  are  characteristics  which  do  not 
seem  to  be  combined  in  any  other  genus.  The  discoidal  cell  is  small, 
longitudinal,  arched,  situated  a  little  above  the  middle  of  tho  wing. 

ASAKCOMYIA   CADAVER. 
PI,  9,  Fig.  17. 

Whole  body  and  wings  of  a  nearly  uniform  testaceous  color,  the  thorax, 
legs,  and  principal  veins  of  the  wings  a  little  darker.  Metanotum  with  two 
large  approximated  basal  bristles.  The  wings  are  tolerably  broad,  the  cos- 
tal margin  nearly  straight  most  of  the  way  to  the  tip,  the  auxiliary  vein 
••eaching  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  second  longitudinal 
arising  from  the  third  a  little  sooner,  or  at  about  tho  middle,  and  ending 
after  a  gently  sinuous  course  considerably  less  than  midway  from  the  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  to  tho  tip  of  the  arcuate  third  longitudinal  vein.  First  basal 
cell  closed  scarcely  beyond  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary,  at  tho  middle  of  tho 
discoidal  cell.     (In  the  figure  the  cross-vein  before  this  is  an  accidental  mark 


fM 


568 


TRUTIAUY  INHKCTS  OK  NOIITH  AMKHIOA. 


on  tlu;  Htoiio.)  l)i.scoi(ljil  coll  iilmut  tlireo  timort  iih  loti},'  iw  broad;  Becond 
biiHal  coll  about  half  hh  loiifr  uh  tlio  wing.  LogH  very  slondor,  the  tarwi 
longer  than  tho  tibi.-i',  and  tho  hind  tibiae  at  least  with  an  outer  row  of  short 
HpiuGH  on  the  apical  third  ;  all  tho  logs  Hparwoly  covered  with  not  very  long 
hains.  Altdonion  very  thinly  dothod  with  distani,  moderately  long,  slender 
hairH. 

Length  of  body,  4.5"'";  of  wing,  3.5"""  ;  of  hind  log,  4.2""";  of  hind 
tibia',  l..'}""";  ofhind  tar.si,  1. (;""", 

Green  liivor,  Wyoming.     One  spocinion,  No.  12  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


NEMATOCERA  Latreille. 

Famijy  TIPULID^E  Leach. 

DICRANOMYIA  Stephens. 

DlCUANOMYIA    8TIGM08A. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  10, 17,  25-27,  42,  43,  08,  69. 

Dioranomyia  Htiginoaa  SoaiiH.,  UiiU.  U.  S.  Oool.  Qeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  111,746-748  (1877). 

The  neuration  and  the  presence  of  a  stigma  in  a  fine,  nearly  perfect 
specimen  of  this  specie^  indicate  a  form  closely  allied  to  D.  pubipennis 
O.  S.,  but  the  absence  of  any  i)ubescence  at  the  tip  of  the  wing  at  once  dis- 
tinguishes it  from  the  recent  species.  At  first  I  supposed  that  it  differed 
from  other  species  of  Dicranomyia  in  the  absence  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  but 
after  careful  study  a  faint  trace  of  its  apical  portion  was  found  in  the  same 
position  relative  to  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  as  in  D.  pubi- 
pennis ;  as  there  also,  the  first  longitudinal  vein  curves  downward  to,  and 
terminates  on,  tho  second  longitudinal  vein,  directly  opposite  the  cross-vein 
uniting  the  discal  cell  with  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  instead  of  on  the 
costa ;  the  subco.stal  (}ross-vein  arises  before  the  deflection  of  the  first  lon- 
gitudinal, runs  parallel  with  it  until  it  curves,  when  it  turns  in  the  opposite 
direction  to  the  costa.  The  discal  cell  is  closed,  but  the  cross-vein  separat- 
ing it  from  the  second  posterior  cell  is  very  faint,  in  which  respect  it  agrees 
better  with  other  Dicranomyife  than  with  D.  pubipennis.  The  stigma  is 
confined  to  that  part  of  the  space  between  the  first  and  second  longitudinal 
veins  which  lies  beyond  the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  but  it  also 
extends  upward  to  the  costa;  it  is  nearly  circular  and  faintly  fuli^inoua. 


11 


I 


Jl 


DH'TKHA— TII'ULIIMO. 


569 


An  obli(iuo  Huponmmomry  vein  runs  to  tlio  center  of  tlio  stigniu  from 
a  point  in  the  first  loiifrituilinal  vein  directly  ubovo  the  orif,nn  of  the 
third;  thrt  is,  from  the  inner  edge  of  the  stifriuu.  'i'ho  outer  and  ])08torior 
margins  of  the  wing  are  profusely  fringed  with  very  delicate  hairs,  longor 
than  tile  thickness  of  the  stout  costal  vein,  The  antenna;  are  fonrteen- 
jointed,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  head,  the  basal  joints  of  iiio  llagellnm 
subglobular,  the  others  obovato,  the  apical  one  more  than  twice  as  long  as 
broad;  they  are  delicately  verticillate,  the  hairs  being  but  half  as  long 
as  the  width  of  the  joints.  The  male  anal  lobes  are  broadly  obovate,  deeply 
and  abruptly  excised  externally  at  the  base,  so  as  to  leave  a  sharp  right 
angle  outwardly  and  a  narrow  peduncle  on  the  inner  side.  Together  the 
lobes  are  broader  than  the  tip  of  the  abdomen,  and  each  is  about  half  as  long 
again  as  broad. 

Length  of  body,  including  the  lobes,  G.S™"';  antennas,  1.2""";  wings, 
7.5"""  ;  anal  lobes  of  male,  ()./)5'"™. 

Fossil  Canon,  VVhite  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton.) 

A  second  specimen  of  what  is  apparently  the  aame  species,  judging 
from  the  anal  lobes,  is  somev/hat  stouter,  but  is  destitute  of  all  other  append- 
ages, excepting  indeterminate  fragments  of  the  rostrum,  so  that  no  further 
knowledge  of  the  specios  can  be  gained  from  it.  Tho  rostrum,  however, 
would  seem  to  bo  scarcely  longer  than  the  head. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton  ) 

In  another  specimen,  alt>o  a  male,  the  body,  one  of  the  wings,  and  part 
of  the  legs  of  one  side  are  preserved;  the  whole  is  much  fainter  than  in  the 
other  specimens,  but  the  auxiliary  vein  can  be  traced  midway  between  tho 
costal  and  first  longitudinal  veins  throughout  nearly  its  whole  length. 
What  is  apparently  tho  rostrum  is  a  very  little  longer  than  the  basal  joint 
of  the  antenna?  and  a  very  little  shorter  than  the  head.  The  character  of 
the  male  appendages  adds  to  the  proof  that  this  belongs  to  the  same  species 
as  those  previously  mentioned,  but  the  stigma  of  the  wing  is  lost  by  the 
incompleteness  of  the  preservation.  The  legs  are  very  slender  and  deli- 
cately hairy  tlu-oughout,  with  no  sign  of  spurs,  although  it  should  be 
remarked  that  the  extremities  of  the  tibia;  are  not  well  preserved. 

Length  of  middle  femora,  5,25"'"' ;  middle  tibia?,  4.5™"' ;  hind  femora, 
S.TS"-"" ;  hind  tibia;,  5.5""". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton.) 


I 


I  an 


570 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Anothur  specinen  is  a  foiiialo,  wivh  romn.'iats  o(  wings,  h.iving  juost  of 
tlio  veins  scarcoly  traceable  ;  onoiigh  of  the  right  wing  remains  to  be  sure 
iliat  it  is  this  species,  with  which  the  size  agrees. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton.) 

Still  another  is  similarly  preserved ;  but  on  account  of  the  partial 
folding  of  the  wing  no  stigma  can  bo  seen,  and  the  first  longitudina' 
vein  seems  to  unite,  or  almost  unite,  with  the  second  so  far  from  the 
branching  of  the  latter  that  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  separate  it;  but  the 
(lifToroncc  proves  to  bo  very  slight.  The  antennro.  of  this  specmion  are 
])retty  well  preserved,  but  so  bent  as  Pot  to  allow  of  direct  measurement; 
the  size  agrees  well  -.vitb  other  specimens,  although  it  is  slightlj'  smaller 
than  the  second  specimen  mentioned,  which,  however,  is  rather  larger  than 
the  average.     The  specimen  is  a  female. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W   Denton). 

A  head  preserved  on  the  same  stone  as  the  last  specimen  probably  also 
belongs  to  this  sjjccies. 

Jn  the  last  specimen  to  be  mentioned  we  have  the  upper  surface  of  an 
abdomen  of  a  male  Dicranomyia,  apparently  of  this  species,  twisted  so  as  to 
present  a  lateral  v'iew  of  the  tip,  showing  the  structure  of  the  under  sr.rface 
of  t.io  appendages.  The  under  imier  edge  is  evidently  thickened,  and  a 
.slight  hook  projects  a  little  beyond  the  broad  lobe;  as  the  lobe  itself  is  pre- 
served in  a  different  view  from  what  holds  ii:  the  other  specimens,  and  there- 
fore has  a  slightly  different  contour,  the  specimen  is  judged  to  belong  to  this 
species  oaly  from  the  size  of  the  abdomen  and  of  its  anal  lobes. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton). 

Dicranomyia  primitiva. 

ri.  5,  Figs.  20,  iil,  05-07. 

IHcraiioviyia primitiva  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Goo!.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  748(1877). 

Two  specimens,  a  little  smaller  than  D.  stigmosa,  but  still  more  closely 
resembling  D.  pubipennis,  together  with  a  third,  which  is  simply  a  body,  to 
which  is  attached  the  costal  outline  of  a  wing,  and  ncjir  which  lies  a  log, 
represent  the  female  of  this  species.  The  two  first  mentioned  are  rather 
faintly  ])>-eserved,  but  permit  the  venation  to  bo  traced  with  certainty, 
though  with  difliculty,  and  with  one  of  them  a  portion  of  a  detached  (mid- 
dle or  hind)  leg  may  bo  seen.     The  neuration  of  the  wing  diflfers  from  that 


1 


'^1 


DUTKRA— TIPULIDylO. 


571 


m 


of  D.  atigmosa  in  the  shape  of  the  discal  coll,  the  inner  border  of  which  is 
straight,  and  strikes  the  incomplete  fifth  longitudinal  vein  exactly  where  the 
lower  cross-vein  strikes  it,  so  that  the  two  are  continuous  a.id  produce  no 
break  of  direction  in  the  fifth  lonrjitudinal  vein.  The  auxiliary  vein  is  not 
preserved,  and  there  is  no  adventitious  vein  in  the  stigma,  which  otherwise 
is  as  in  that  species.     The  wing  is  not  so  slender  as  in  1).  stigmosa. 

Length  of  body,  5.5""";  wing,  5.5-(i'""' ;  fenuir,  5""";  tibia,  5.75'""'; 
first  two  joints  of  tarsi,  3.5'""'.      The  measurements  of  the  leg  are  doubtful. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.    (W.  Denton.) 

Another  poorly  preserved  specimen  which  by  the  structure  of  the  male 
forceps  is  plainly  to  bo  referred  to  this  genus  is  judged  merely  from  its  size 
to  belong  to  this  species,  none  of  the  characteristic  parts  of  the  neuration 
being  preserved.  Tlio  body  is  a  very  little  smaller  than  in  the  females  of 
this  species,  and  the  male  forceps  are  ovate  and  rather  large. 

Length  of  body  without  forceps,  4.5'"'" ;  forceps,  0.35""" ;  breadth  of 
one  of  them,  0.2'"'". 

On  the  same  stone  with  this  is  a  log  which  probably  belonged  to  it, 
though  some  distance  from  it ;  the  length  of  the  femur  is  5" "  ;  tibia,  4.5""" ; 
the  tarsi  are  broken. 

Same  locality. 

A  single  wingless  male,  taken  by  Mr.  Richardson  at  Green  River 
Wyoming,  can  be  referred  doubtfully  to  this  species. 

About  fifteen  other  specimens  of  Tipulida>.  wore  collected  by  Mr. 
Richardson,  Mr.  Bowditch,  and  myself  at  Green  River;  but  . nfortunately 
not  one  of  them  presents  the  vestige  of  a  wing  and  seldom  anything  more 
than  the  body.  Probably  some  of  tliom  also  belong  to  this  species ;  otliers 
may  with  more  doubt  be  referred  to  1).  stigujosa  but  all  are  valuoU^ss  fin- 
any  precise  determination,  and,  indeed,  may  not  belong  to  Dicranomyia 
at  all. 

DlCHANOMYIA    RCSTRATA. 
PI,  5,  Figs.  40,  4I,<J3,  fi4. 

Dicranomyia  rostrata  Soiuid.,  Hull,  U.  S.  Oool.  OooRr.  Siirv.  Torr.,  Ill,  71!)  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  I.irger  than  the  other  species  of  Dicranomyia  and 
about  the  size  of  Tipula  decrepita  Scudd.  is  provisionally  referred  to  this 
genus.     The  head  is  very  small,  the  thorax  rather  robust  and  very  strongly 


572 


TERTIABY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTII  AMERICA. 


arclied,  an  J  the  {ibclonien  shows  it  to  be  a  female.  The  antennal  joints  are 
fifteen  in  number,  the  basal  one  stout,  the  apical  slender  obovrte,  the  others 
globular  ;  the  palpi  are  four-jointed,  the  las',  three  joints  equal,  and  together 
as  long  as  the  first,  the  whole  rather  longer  than  the  head,  and  therefore 
1  ther  long  for  a  Dicranomyia.  The  legs  are  lacking,  the  single  wing 
detachcid,  broken  at  the  base,  and  longitudinally  folded.  Sucli  of  the  neura- 
tion  as  can  be  disentangled  agrees  wholly  with  the  peculiarities  of  this 
genus. 

Length  of  fragment  of  body  without  head,  C"'™ ;  breadth  of  head,  0.5"""; 
lengtli  of  antennai,  2"'"' ;  palpi,  0.9'"™. 

Fossil  Cafion,  WL  ie  River,  Utah.     (W.  Denton.) 

A  second  specimen  is  referred  to  this  sj)ecies,  but  with  some  doubt,  as 
it  consists  of  only  a  trunkwith  no  appendages  excepting  the  male  forceps. 
The  specimen  is  slightly  smaller  than  the  female,  ai.  we  should  expect,  and 
the  2>lates  at  the  extremity  of  the  body  differ  from  those  of  the  other  fossil 
species  described  in  being  of  a  regular,  short,  obovate  form. 

Length  of  body  without  forceps,  6.25""" ;  of  forceps,  Ce™" ;  width  of 
same,  0.28""". 

Same  locality. 

SPILADOMYIA  Scudder  (OTriXd?,  fivia). 

Spilaiomyia  Scuild.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Googr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  749  (1877). 

This  genus  is  founded  upon  a  peculiar  form  of  fly  allied  to  Dicranomyia. 
The  palpi  fire  no  longer  than  the  head;  the  thorax  is  comparatively  slender, 
the  legs  very  long  and  slender,  and  the  wings  shaped  much  as  in  Dicra- 
nomyia, with  a  jjeculiar  neuration.  The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  some 
way  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal  border;  the  first  longitudinal  vein 
terminates  in  the  second,  close  to  the  tip  of  the  wing;  the  second  originates 
from  the  first  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  but  some  distance  befove  the 
tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the 
second,  near  the  middle  of  its  course,  beyond  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein; 
a  little  distance  beyond  its  origin,  but  much  nearer  the  tip  of  the  wing  than 
usual,  it  is  connected  by  a  cross- vein  with  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein; 
the  first  and  second  posterior  cells  are  therefore  very  short ;  there  is,  then, 
but  a  single  s"bmarginal  cell,  three,  or,  if  a  very  ;-.light  fork  at  the  .apex 
o\  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  be  counted,  foi'r 
posterior  cells,  and  no  discal  cell. 


DIPTEIIA— TIPULID^. 


673 


Spiladomyia  simplex. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  37,  33. 

SpilaOomyia  limplex  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Ooogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  750  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  show  nearly  all  the  parts  of  the 
body,  but  all  are  faintly  preserved,  so  as  to  be  very  difficult  of  study.     'Flie 
specimen  is  a  female ;  nearly  all  the  legs  are  preserved,  and  all  but  the  base 
of  the  wings;  the  latter,  however,  trail  along  the  abdomen,  so  that  parts  are 
obscured  and  the  neuration  is  exceedingly  faint.     The  head  is  small,  the 
eyes  almost  exactly  circular,  the  palpi  a  Jittlo  shorter  than  the  head,  the 
antennas  composed  of  cylindrical  joints,  a  little  longer  than  broad,  the  legs 
slender,  with  femora,  tibinc,  and  tarsi  of  nearly  equal  length,  and  the  wings 
f.s  long  as  the  body.     The  anterior  branch  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
is  abruptly  bent  at  its  base,  so  as  ne.irly  to  connect  with  the  cross-vein 
uniting  it  with  tha  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  first  and  second  posterior 
cells  are  scarcely  more  than  three  times  as  long  as  broad.     The  third  poste- 
rior cell  is  but  very  insignificant,  as  the  posterior  branch  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  forks  but  slightly  and  near  its  tip.     The  neuration  of  the 
lower  2)art  of  the  wing  is  uncertain. 

Length  of  body,  7.5"'"*;  palpi,  aSS"™;  fore  femora,  4.5"™;  middle 
femora,  4.5"";  hind  femora,  4.5""';  fore  tibitB,  4.65"'";  middle  tibiae,  4.5""; 
hind  tibitc,  4.5"";  fore  tarsi,  4"";  middle  (or  hind)  tarsi,  4.6"'".  Measure- 
ments of  tarsi  uncertain. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     (W.  Denton.) 

PRONOPHLEBIA  Scudder  (Trpcov,  <p\i^toy). 

Vrouophlebia  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Googr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  750  (1877). 

This  genus  difters  from  all  Tipulidtc  known  to  me  in  the  early  origin 
of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  which  springs  from  the  second  almost  imme- 
diately after  its  own  separation  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  some 
way  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
arises  near  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  branches,  the  inner  branch  apparently 
forking  near  its  tip.  Those  characteristics  readily  serve  to  distinguish  it 
from  other  Tipulidaj.  The  head  is  small,  the  antennaj  long,  very  slender, 
and  more  than  thirteen-jointed.  They  are  too  imperfect  in  the  specimen 
studied  to  allow  of  any  further  statement.    The  palpi  are  not  preserved,  but 


574 


TEKTIAUY  INSiiGTS  01^  JNOKTU  AMElilCA. 


the  thorax  is  strongly  .arched  and  the  neuration  indicates  that  the  genus 
belongs  to  the  Tipiilidn;  brevipalpi,  and  with  other  signs  that  it  is  probably 
one  of  the  Limnophilina,  although  the  auxiliary  cross-vein  aj)pears  to  be 
exactly  opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein.  It  is  perhaps 
most  nearly  allied  to  Trichocera. 

PUONOPIILEBIA   REDIVIVA. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  39. 

Pronophlebia  rediviva  Scudd.,  Uiill.  U.  S.  Gool.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  750-751  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  of  this  species  is  spread  at  full  length,  but  the 
stone  containing  it  is  broken.  The  specimen  is  a  male.  The  antenna)  are 
considerably  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax  together,  and  the  joints  are 
sliaped  and  ornamented  as  shown  in  the  figure  of  Dolichopeza  in  Walker's 
Diptera  Hritannica.  The  head  is  small  and  the  eyes  so  well  preserved  that 
tliey  can  bo  seen  as  in  a  living  creature.  The  wings  arc  very  long  and 
slender ;  the  auxiliary  vein  terminates  some  distance  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  wing ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  about  midway  between  that  and  the 
tip ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  arises  just  within  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
and  tlie  third  longitudinal  vein  less  than  half  the  distance  from  that  to  the  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  forks  just  beneath  the  tip 
of  the  auxiliary  vein,  its  upper  branch  bends  just  beneath  the  tip  of  the  first 
longitudinal,  and  its  lower  branch  appears  to  fork  just  beyond  the  middle 
of  its  course.  Cross-veins  appear  to  divide  tlie  interspace  between  the 
second  and  tliird  longitudinal  ve'ns  (the  second  submargiiuvl  cell)  into  three 
equal  parts,  and  there  is  certainly  a  cross-vein  in  tlie  interspa(!e  between 
the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  (the  second  basal  cell)  directly  oppo- 
site the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 

Length  of  body,  9.25""";  antenuai,  2.6'"'";  wings,  9.25"'.". 

White  Kiver,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary  (W.  Denton). 

CYTTAROMYIA  Scudder  (nvrrapo?,  javia). 

Cyitaromyia  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Gool.  Googr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  751  (1877). 

This  genus  of  Tipulida;  differs  somewhat  remarkably  from  any  known 
to  me.  It  appears  to  belong  among  the  Tipulida)  brevipalpi,  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminating  in  the  second  much  in  the  manner  of  Dicranomyia, 
with  which,   however,  tliis  genus  seems  to  have  little  else  in  common. 


wr> 


«4/ 


mmimmmlamm- 


■I  .ui'mm 


DIPTERA— TlPULlDiE. 


575 


.. 


Although  the  first  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  this  way,  no  trapezoidal 
cell  is  formed  near  its  extremity  after  the  manner  of  the  Tipulidjv.  longipalpi, 
but  this  portion  is  cpiite  as  in  Dicranomyia.  The  position  of  tlio  auxiliary 
vein  is  indeterminablo  from  the  fragment  I  have  seen;  but  the  "posterior 
intercalary  vein"  of  Loew  issues  from  tlio  lower  outer  angle  of  the  discal 
coll  at  a  long  distance  from  the  great  cross-vein,  and  in  direct  continuation 
of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  All  these  characteristics  place  it  with  the 
Tipulida)  brevipalpi ;  but  tlie  points  wherein  it  differs  from  them,  as  indeed 
from  all  other  Tipulidaj,  are  not  a  little  extraordinary.  Apparer.tly  it  has 
certain  relations  with  the  Anuilopina,and  has  some  resemblance  to  Symplocta, 
but  it  may  be  questioned  wliether  it  should  not  form  a  section  by  itself  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Ptychopterina. 

The  firat  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  the  upper  branch  of  the  second 
at  no  great  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  at  the  same  point  it  is  con- 
nected with  the  costa  by  an  oblique  cross-vein  running  in  continuity  with 
its  terminal  portion.  There  are  three  submarginal  cells  and  a  secondary  discal 
cell.  The  large  number  of  submarginal  cells  is  due  to  the  forking  of  the 
posterior  branch  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  just  as  two  suljinarginal 
cells  are  formed  in  Anisomera  by  the  forking  of  the  anterior  brancli  of  the 
same  vein.  The  secondary  discal  cell  is  formed  by  the  division  of  the  third 
submarginal  cell  by  a  cross-vein,  which  unites  with  the  elbow  of  the  basal 
portion  of  the  lower  branchlet  of  the  fork  of  the  second  submarginal  vein, 
and  leaves  two  cells  beyond  the  supplementary  discal  cell,  just  as  there  are 
two  cells  (the  first  and  second  posterior)  beyond  the  true  discal  cell ;  the 
latter  lies  directly  below  the  secondary  discal  cell,  but  is  twice  as  large  as 
it.  This  is  an  anomaly  quite  unique,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  among  the 
Tipulidae. 

Cyttakomyia  fenestbata. 

PL  5,  Fig.  78. 
Cj/Uaromyia/enettrata  Soudd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Gool.  Googr.  Surv.  Torr.,  Ill,  7.')l-752  (1877). 

This  species  is  represented  by  the  portion  of  a  wing  and  its  reverse, 
containing  a  little  more  than  the  distal  portion  with  nearly  all  the  important 
part  of  the  neuration.  The  striking  peculiarities  of  this  have  been  pointed 
out  in  the  description  of  the  genus ;  but  a  few  minor  points,  probably  of 
specific  value,  may  be  added.    The  second  longitudinal  vein  originates  far 


576 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


back  toward  (perhaps  before)  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  half-way  to  the  tip 
forks  abruptly,  the  anterior  branch  immediately  arching  over  and  running 
to  a  point  just  above  the  extreme  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  space  between  this 
portion  of  its  course  and  the  first  vein  is  infuscated,  forming  a  stigma ;  the 
posterior  branch  forks  half-way  toward  the  tip,  the  upper  branchlet  being 
in  almost  direct  continuity  with  the  main  branch,  while  the  lower  diverges 
suddenly  from  it  and  unites  with  the  cross-vein  from  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  after  which  it  runs  parallel  to  the  othei  branchlet ;  the  third  longitud- 
inal vein  springs  from  the  posterior  branch  of  the  second  directly  after  its 
origin.  The  first  and  second  ])osterior  cells  are  of  the  same  length  as  the 
lower  two  submarginal  cells,  and  the  discal  cell  is  of  a  similar  length.  The 
lower  part  of  the  wing  is  confused  from  folding,  but  there  is  a  cross-vein 
uniting  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  next  the  inner  extremity  of 
the  discal  cell ;  the  discal  cell  extends  farther  by  its  own  width  toward  the 
base  of  the  wing  than  the  secondary  discal  cell,  and  there  is  a  slight  appear- 
ance on  the  stone,  as  if  the  middle  of  the  cross- vein  forming  the  inner  limit 
of  the  discal  cell  were  united  by  a  cross-vein  to  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
shortly  before  it  branches,  thus  forming  a  prediscal  cell  of  irregular  shape 
and  about  as  long  as  broad. 

Length  of  fragment,  5.5""" ;  width  of  middle  of  wing,  2"". 

Fossil  Cafion,  White  River,  Utah.     (W.  Denton.) 

TIPULA  Linnd. 

TiPULA   DECREPITA. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  56,  57. 
Tipula  decrepita  Scudd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  752  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  poorly  preserved,  is  to  be  referred  to  the  genus 
Tipula  (s.  str.).  The  head  is  small,  the  antennal  joints  very  slender,  obo- 
vate,  between  two  and  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  thorax  well  arched, 
and  the  abdomen  indicating  a  female ;  the  legs  are  lacking ;  both  the  wings 
are  present,  but  poorly  preserved,  and  one  of  them  imperfect ;  even  the 
perfect  one  is  badly  folded  longitudinally,  but  the  costal  border  is  nearly 
uninjured,  and  indicates  the  generic  affinities,  from  the  peculiar  nature  of 
the  venation  toward  the  apex ;  instead  of  forming  toward  the  termination 
of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  a  large  stigma-like  cell,  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  appears  to  form,  with  a  slight  vein  springing  from  below,  a  long  and 


t 


■V* 


•> 


' 


DI  PTElt  A— Tl  V  UL IDJE. 


577 


t 


■V* 


exceedingly  sloiider  coll,  above  and  outside  of  which  the  wing  in  slightly 
clouded. 

Length  of  body  without  head,  6""» ;  diameter  of  head,  0.6""" ;  length 
of  wings,  S.S""". 

White  River.     (W.  Denton.) 

TiPULA   TKCTA. 

PI.  5,  Fig8.  4G,  47. 

Tipula  tecta  Scad.l.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Torr.,  HI,  7r,'i-7r,3  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  preserved  on  a  dorsal  aspect  is  of  a  larger  size  than 
the  other  Tipulidae  from  this  locality ;  its  precise  relationship  can  not  be 
determined  until  other  specimens  are  discovered,  as  it  has  no  head  nor 
legs,  except  a  very  slender  fragment  of  a  tibia;  and  the  wings,  being  lon- 
gitudinally folded  and  partially  concealed  by  the  body,  along  which  they 
lie,  show  only  that  the  neuration  is  not  discordant  with  that  of  the  crane- 
flies,  with  which  its  other  features  agree.  The  specimen  is  a  female,  with  a 
slight,  not  greatly  arched,  thorax,  and  full  and  plump,  though  still  slender, 
abdomen  nearly  as  broad  in  the  middle  as  the  thorax. 

Length  of  thorax,  1.4""' ;  breadth  of  same,  L2.')"'™  ;  length  of  abdomen, 
4.75""';  breadth  of  same,  LIS"";  length  of  wings,  T""" 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton). 


Tipula  spoliata. 
PI.  10,  Pig.  4. 

Fragments  of  wings  only  are  preserved  in  two  of  the  specimens  referred 
here ;  but  a  third,  in  which  the  wings  uniform  in  tint  with  dusky  veins  are 
thrown  up  parallel  to  each  other  in  front  of  the  head,  shows  also  the  body 
and  part  of  the  antennse,  which  are  equal  and  sparsely  covered  with  very 
short  hairs.  There  is  no  trace  of  a  stigma  on  any  of  the  wings,  and  the 
cell  at  the  place  of  the  stigma  is  subfusiform  ia  shape  and  nearly  six  times 
as  long  as  broad,  the  third  longitudinal  vein  arising  only  a  little  before  the 
end  of  the  great  cross-vein.  The  discal  cell  is  rather  less  than  half  as 
long  again  as  broad,  its  lower  inner  angle  is  scarcely  more  than  a  right 
angle,  and  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  bent  at  a  considerable  angle  at  the 
VOL  xiii 37 


T 


578 


TERTIARY  INSEOTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


},Moat  cross-vein,  so  that  Its  apical  portion  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein 
converge  rapidly.     The  tip  of  the  wing  is  decidedly  below  the  middle. 

Length  of  body,  12.75""";  of  wing,  14.5"'"';  breadth  of  same,  3.5™"'. 

Green  River,  Wyondng,  Three  specimens,  Nos.  15  and  74,  42,  43 
and  44  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Tll'ULA   SEPITLCUUI, 
PI.  10,  Fig.  1. 

A  single  specimeri  is  preserved,  showing  a  nearly  complete  wing 
(imperfect  at  the  base)  parts  of  the  body,  with  the  head  and  palpi  and 
parts  of  the  antennae.  The  antennse  are  similar  to  those  of  T.  sjjoliata,  and 
the  palpi  of  similar  form  and  clothing  but  slenderer.  The  wing  is  slightly 
larger  than  in  T.  spolisitu,  with  a  distinct  subtriangular  stigma,  but  with  no 
other  marking  about  (he  dusky  veins.  The  stigmatal  cell  has  its  lower 
bordering  vein  bent  soinr  way  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  cell  is  long  and 
slender,  fully  eight  times  longer  than  broad,  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
arising  from  the  second  much  earlier  than  in  T.  spoliata,  considerably 
before  the  lower  end  of  the  great  cross-vein.  The  discal  cell  is  about  half 
as  long  agai  as  broad,  its  lower  innei  angle  much  more  than  a  right  angle; 
the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  scarcely  bent  where  it  strikes  the  great  cross- 
vein,  and  its  apical  portion  therefore  scarcely  converges  with  the  sixth  lon- 
gitudinal vein.  The  tip  of  the  wing  is  only  a  little  below  the  middle  of  the 
wing. 

Length  of  wing,  15"'"';  breadth,  3.75""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  9  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Family  CHIRONOMID^E  Westwood. 

CHIRONOMUS  Meigen. 

Chironomus  septus. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  8. 

A  single  specimen  in  which  the  wings  are  imperfectly  preserved,  being 
obscured  by  the  abdomen,  over  which  they  are  folded  The  antennjB  are 
hidden.  The  body  is  preserved  on  a  partially  lateral  view  and  has  an 
S-shaped  form,  the  head  being  closely  appressed  to  the  lower  front  of  the 
thorax,  which  is  elevated  behind  the  middle,  and  the   abdomen   curved 


DlFriiUA— CIJ  lUONOMlD.E. 


579 


ujiward,  its  tip  rather  indicating  the  specimen  to  be  a  male.  Tlie  legs  are 
well  preserved,  and  the  wings  so  far  as  their  venation  can  bo  made  out 
indicate  a  Chirononuis.  One  antenna  is  preserved  and  is  very  slender  indeed, 
about  a  third  or  a  quarter  the  width  of  the  front  tibia  and  about  as  long  as 
the  eye;  it  is  not  shown  on  the  plate  and  is  obscure  from  its  crossing  the 
front  tibia;  its  basal  joint  is  rounded  ovate,  twice  as  stout  as  the  stem, 
which  is  equal,  with  a  blunt  tip;  no  hairs  can  bo  detected  except  some  exces- 
sively delicate  les  close  to  the  base,  the  only  portion  excepting  the  tip  which 
is  not  obscured  by  the  tibia;  all  the  joints  of  the  stem  appear  to  be  cylin- 
drical and  in  no  way  moniliform.  The  legs  are  of  nearly  equal  length.  The 
tibiaj  are  slightly  longer  than  the  femora  and  of  the  length  of  the  thorax; 
the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  less  than  half  as  long  as  the  tibia,  and  the 
remainder  of  the  tarsus  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  again  as  the  first 
joint.  The  femora  and  tibia)  are  sparsely  clothed  with  very  short  delicate 
hairs,  and  the  tibia;  and  tarsi,  and  especially  the  latter,  have  in  addition  a 
few  inferior  rows  of  distant  short  delicate  spines,  a  pair  of  which,  as  short 
as  the  others,  are  apical  in  the  tibiae,  and  perhaps  also  in  the  tarsal  joints. 
The  whole  body  is  uniformly  testaceous,  slightly  infuscated  by  the  sparse 
clothing  of  short  fine  hairs. 

Length  of  body,  3""" ;  of  thorax,  1.2""' ;  of  legs,  about  3.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen,  No.  10  (Ur.  A.  S.  Packard). 

Chironomus  depletus, 

PI.  5,  Pig.  62. 
Chironomun  depletua  Scudd.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Qeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  744  (1877). 

A  single  mutilated  specimen  of  this  insect  remains,  and  is  doubtfully 
referred  to  Chironomus.  The  thorax  is  moderately  robust  and  the  abdo- 
men rather  plump  for  a  Chironomus.  The  antennae  are  broken,  and  only 
the  costal  border  of  one  of  the  fore  wings  can  be  seen ;  this  shows  that  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  terminates  in  the  middle  of  the  apical,  and  the  first 
longitudinal  apparently  in  the  middle  of  the  basal,  half  of  the  wing.  The 
legs  are  moderately  long,  slender,  the  tibiae  finely  spined,  the  spines 
arranged  on  the  middle  legs  in  a  somewhat  verticillate  manner,  and  termi- 
nating with  two  or  three  long  spurs ;  the  femora  are  rather  short,  the  tibia; 
considerably  longer,  but  not  so  long  as  the  tarsi. 


580 


TEltTIARY  INSfilCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Length  of  body,  .'J"""  ;  of  wing,  2.3""" ;  of  foro  femora,  0.68""" ;  of  fore 
tibiii!,  0.6""" ;  of  foro  tarsi,  l"™ ;  of  middle  tibite,  1"'"' ;  of  uiiddle  tarsi, 
I  25"'"'. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Chironomus  patens. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  18,  19,  28. 
Chiranomui  patent  Scuild.,  BiiU.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Huiv.  Terr.,  Ill,  744-74.5  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  very  well  preserved,  represents  a  species  which  is 
provisionally  referred  to  Chirononuis.  Nearly  all  the  parts  are  present,  and 
the  neuration  of  one  of  the  wings  is  nearly  perfect,  showing  the  structure  of 
Chironomidae,  but  differing  apparently  froni  any  genus  yet  characterized. 
The  antenna?  are  parted  and  bent,  but  apparently  perfect ;  they  seem  to  be 
fifteen-jointed,  the  joints  square,  the  apical  no  larger  than  the  others,  and 
all  apparently  furnished  (as  indicated  at  one  point  only)  with  a  fringe  of 
profuise,  e.xceedingly  delicate  hairs,  as  long  as  the  joints.  The  body  is  slen- 
der and  the  \/ing8  three  times  as  long  as  broad ;  the  costal  vein  runs  only 
to  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  the  margin  beyond  it  is  very  faint ;  the  first  lon- 
gitudinal vein  runs  uninterruptedly  to  the  middle  of  the  apical  fourth  of  the 
wing  ;  the  second  longitudinal  nearly  to  the  tip  ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
takes  its  rise  from  the  second  in  the  middle  of  the  basal  half  of  the  wing, 
and  parts  widely  from  the  second,  leaving  an  imusual  space  devoid  of  neura- 
tion next  the  apex  of  the  wing;  the  fourth  arises  from  the  third  rather 
abruptly  a  little  beyond  its  base,  and  has  close  beneath  it  the  remnant  of  a 
vein  or  a  fold  in  the  wing;  the  next  vein  forks  just  beneath  the  origin  of 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  and  leaves  beneath  it,  next  the  posterior  mar- 
gin, a  broad  space  without  veins ;  the  two  basal  cells  are  very  short,  and 
there  appear  to  be  no  other  transverse  veins  in  the  whole  wing ;  all  the 
veins  are  hirsute.  The  legs  are  long  and  slender,  and  covered  with  spinous 
hairs  arranged  in  exact  longitudinal  rows,  giving  the  legs  a  striped  appear- 
ance under  the  microscope  ;  the  femora  are  rather  short,  and  the  tibiae  and 
tarsi  of  very  unequal  length  excepting  on  the  hind  legs ;  the  tibiae  and  all 
the  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  furnished  apically  with  small  spurs. 

Length  of  body,  3"";    antennae,   l™" ;    wings,   2.1""';    fore  femora, 
0.5(?)"'";    middle  femora,  O.e™";  hind  femora,   O.S"";  fore  tibiae,  0.8"™; 


DIPTEHA— CHIRONOMIDiM. 


581 


^ 


middle  tibia;,  0.9""°;    hind  tibia,   1.4""°;   fore  tarsi,   1.8"";    middle  tarsi, 
'i.a"";  Iiind  tiirsi,  2.1"'"". 

Chugriii  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Chironomus  sp. 

ChironomMi  up.  8o«d«l.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Genl.  GeoRr.  8nrv.  Terr.,  IV,  749  (1878). 

A  minute  specimen  apjmrently  of  this  famiiy.  Unfortunately  it  has 
no  wings,  and  little  can  be  said  of  it  more  than  to  record  its  occurrence  ;  it 
is  3"""  long,  has  large  eyes,  a  stout  thorax,  and  altogether  resembles  a  Chi- 
ronomus ;  it  is  however  distinct  from  any  found  in  the  White  River  shales. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen.  No.  141  (F.  C.  A  Richardson). 

CHIRONOMIDiE  Sp. 
PI.  5,  Figs.  32,  33. 
An  indeterminate  species  of  this  famil)%  whose  generic  affinities  can  not 
be  discovered  from  the  entire  absence  of  neuration  in  the  wings  and  the 
loss  of  every  other  characteristic  feature,  presents  a  side  view  of  the  body 
with  fragments  of  legs.  The  insect  is  minute,  measuring  but  2.75°""  long. 
It  may  possibly  belong  to  the  Cecidomyidae. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton')., 

CHIRONOMIDiE   Sp. 

PI.  5,  Fig.  24. 

Another  similar  specimen,  but  distinct  from  the  above,  exhibits  a  dor- 
sal aspect,  and  little  besides  the  trunk  is  left.  The  thorax  is  comparatively 
stout,  the  head  nearly  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  and  the  abdomen  very  slender 
and  equal.     The  body  is  3.25""  long. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado  (W.  Denton). 

CHIRONOMIDiE  Sp. 

A  third  indeterminate  species  probably  belongs  to  this  group,  but  the 
specimen  is  too  indistinct  to  be  of  much  value.  It  is  a  female.  The  an- 
tennae are  a  little  longer  than  the  head,  the  head  a  little  narrower  than  the 
abdomen,  the  latter  tapering  to  a  point.  The  costa  of  one  wing  is  present 
and  the  rather  short  and  moderately  stout  legs  of  the  opposite  side. 

Length  of  body,  l.B""™;  of  middle  femur  0.8°"";  of  same  tibias,  0.5"". 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah  (W.  Denton). 


I   ' 


582  TBl.TIARY  INSECTS  OF  NOKTH  AMERICA. 

Family  CULICIDyE  Stephens. 
CULEX  Linnd. 

CULEX    DAMNATORUM. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  14  9. 

None  of  the  specimens  referred  here  show  much  of  the  neuration  of 
the  wings  excepting  parts  of  longitudinal  veins,  but  the  other  character- 
istics are  urmiistakable.  The  eyes  are  surrounded  by  a  fringe  of  curved 
luslies  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  eye.  The  antonnoj  (all  the  specimens 
are  females)  are  fully  as  long  as  the  thorax,  slender,  tapering,  the  joints 
almost  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  cylindrical,  clothed  sparsely  with  ex- 
cessively short  hairs,  and  showiiig  signs  here  and  there  of  a  thin  whorl  of 
fin(!  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  joints  a  little  longer  than  the  joints  themselves. 
Palpi  fibout  as  long  as  the  heal,  mor  than  twice  as  stout  as  the  basal  por- 
tion of  the  antentup,  the  last  joint  almost  obpyriform,  bluntly  terminated, 
about  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  and  briefly  hairy.  Proboscis  as  stout 
as  the  palpi,  stouter  than  the  fore  tibia%  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  thorax. 
Legs  long  and  slender,  clothed  sparsely  with  fine  short  spinous  hairs,  and 
the  tibia;  with  inferior  rows  of  more  distant,  longer,  but  still  brief  spines, 
and  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  with  inferior  rows  of  short,  close  set  spines. 
Hind  tarsi  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  l)ody,  <J""" ;  of  thorax,  1.8""" ;  of  antenna;,  2""' ;  of  proboscis, 
1.9""';  of  fore  legs  beyond  coxjb,  ii.G""" ;  of  fore  femora,  1.6'""';  fore  tibiae, 
1.8""';  fore  tarsi,  2.2""";  hind  femora,  2.5"'"';  hind  tibia;,  2"'"';  hind  tarsi 
(broken  just  short  of  extremity  \  3"'".     Measurements  from  specimen  figured. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Three  specimens,  Nos.  16,  38,  39  (Dr.  A. 
S.  Packard). 

CULEX  PROAVITU8. 

n.  5,  Figs.  8,  9. 
Cukx proaritm  Scndd..  Bull.  U.  8.  Gcol.  Geogr.  Surv.Terr.,  Ill,  744  (1877). 

A  poorly  preserved  specimen  in  which  only  fragments  of  the  legs  can 
be  seen,  and  the  wings  are  so  crumpled  and  folded  as  to  prevent  tracing  the 
neuration.  What  can  be  seen  resembles  the  neuration  of  the  Culicidae,  and 
the  veins  and  Ijorders  are  heavily  fringed  with  long  hairs.     The  body  is 


DIPTEHA— HIBIONID.H. 


583 


Blender  and  the  innect  minute  ;  the  probosciH  is  about  r.«  lonjif  an  tlie  hniid 
and  thorax  combined,  and  the  hutt  joint  of  the  equally  long  palpi  Ih  cuneate, 
the  base  rounded. 

Length  of  body,  2.2""' ;  of  probosciH,  0.9""". 

Fossil  Canon   White  River,  Utah  (VV.  Denton). 

CORETIIUA  Meigen. 

COHETHRA   EXITA. 

PI.  5,  FiRB.  2J,  23. 

Cortthra  taita  Soudd.,  Ball.  U.  8.  Oeol.  Oeogr.  8urv.  Terr.,  Ill,  744  (1877). 

A  specimen,  viewed  from  above,  with  expanded  wings,  and  destitute  of 
legs,  palpi,  and  all  but  the  basal  joints  of  the  antennae.  The  broad  head, 
stout  basal  joint  of  antenna?,  general  form  and  size,  with  such  of  the  neura- 
tion  of  one  wing  as  can  be  determined,  indicate  the  genus ;  seven  of  the 
abdominal  segments  are  very  clearly  marked,  and  the  specimen  appears  to 
be  a  male.  The  body  is  slender;  the  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  of  equal 
width ;  the  wings  slender  and  of  about  equal  length  with  the  body.  The 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  runs  in  a  nearly  straight  line  over  the  basal  half  of 
its  course,  but  is  gently  arched  beyond ;  the  fifth  originates  from  the  fourth 
in  the  middle  of  its  straight  portion,  runs  nearly  parallel  with  it  so  long  as  it 
continues  straight,  and  afterward  diverges  considerably;  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  appears  to  run  to  the  tip  of  the  wing. 

Length  of  body,  4.25""' ;  of  wing,  4.25''"' ;  breadth  of  latter,  O-S"". 

Chagrin  Valley,  Wiiite  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

Family  BIBIONID^E  Westwood. 
PLECIA  Wiedemann. 

Plecia  similkameena. 
PI.  3,  Figs.  20-22. 

Pmthetria  timilkameena  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Siirv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  177-179B  (1879). 
PUoia  $imilkameetta  Scndd.,  Zittel,  Handb.  d.  Palisont.,  I,  ii,  811,  Fig.  1086  (1885). 

Fi^•a  specimens,  three  of  them  with  their  reverses,  represent  very  fairly 
a  species  of  Plecia,  one  of  them  certainly  a  male,  and  remarkably  perfect. 
The  body  of  this  male  is  of  nearly  equal  size  throughout,  scarcely  thickened 


584 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


at  the  thorax.  The  male  antennae  consist  of  ten  joints,  and  they  are  monil- 
itorm,  very  gently  and  slightly  decreasing  in  size  to  the  tip,  the  apical  joint 
smallest,  iill  together  a  little  longer  than  the  height  of  the  head.  Legs  of 
the  male  long  and  slender,  all  the  femora  of  equal  length  (the  middle  pair 
perhaps  a  little  shorter  than  the  others),  slightly  thickened,  especially  on  the 
apical  half  All  the  tibia;  are  vpry  long,  slender,  equal,  covered  below  with 
a  dense  clothing  of  very  delicate  and  short  hairs,  and  furnished  above  with 
a  row  (I)  of  very  short,  delicate,  minute,  recumbent  spines,  the  apex  devoid 
of  spurs ;  the  first  pair  is  about  as  long  as  the  fore  femora;  the  second  is  con- 
siderably shorter  than  the  middle  femora,  while  the  third  pair  is  longer  than 
the  hind  femora.  Tlie  tarsi  are  scarcely  shorter  than  their  respective  tibiae; 
the  first  joint  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  -est  of  the  tarsus,  excepting  on  the 
middle  legs,  where  it  only  equals  the  two  succeeding  joints  taken  together; 
the  remaining  joints  are  subequal  in  length  (on  the  middle  legs  the  second 
and  third  joints  are  longer  than  the  fourth  and  fifth),  and  the  last  is  armed 
with  a  delicate  pair  of  divergent  claws  The  whole  body  and  the  appendages 
are  black.  The  wings  are  fuliginous,  deepening  in  tone  toward  the  front 
margin;  they  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  body  and  about  three,  times  as  long 
18  broad.  The  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  are  straight  and  approx- 
imate to  the  front  margin,  the  latter  striking  it  scarcely  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  apical  half  of  the  wing,  the  former  at  about  the  middle  of  the  third 
quarter;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  diverges  from  the  second  at  some  dis- 
tance before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  connected  by  the  middle  transverse 
vein  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein, 
and  forks  either  at  a  little  more  ((?)  or  at :«,  little  less  ($)  than  one-third  the 
distance  from  the  cross-vein  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,'  the  lower  branch 
striking  the  tip,  while  the  other,  strongly  curved,  strikes  the  margin  at 
about  one-third  ((?),  or  a  little  more  than  one-third  (?),  the  distance  from  the 
apbx  of  the  second  to  that  of  the  lower  branch  of  the  third  longitudinal 
vein ;  tiie  fourth  longitudinal  vein  "'s  very  nearly  straight  until  it  forks,  con- 
siderably (S)  or  a  little  (?)  nearer  th3  middle  transverse  vein  tlian  the  origin 
of  the  fork  of  the  vein  above  ;  the  branches  part  widely  at  base,  the  upj)er 
more  arcuate  than  the  lower ;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  forks  as  far  from 
the  base  of  the  wing  as  the  divergence  of  the  second  and  third  longitudinal 


1 


■The  Hexeniu  thiH  genua  differ  in  uuiir.atioti,  aiitl,  as  tlio  wing  iittachod  to  tint  body  "f  the  iikiIc  dif- 
fpi'H  from  th»  other  win)r»  in  thn  purticiilar  abovn  ;n<  ntionod,  I  look  upon  the  others  M  belonging  to 
foniules  of  the  duiuu  H|ieoiuH,  uud  duscribu  thuiu  uucordingly. 


DIPTERA— BIBIONIDJE. 


585 


veins,  the  upper  branch  being  connected  just  beyond  its  origin  with  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein,  which  is  of  the  mme  length  as  the  middle  trans- 
verse vein,  and  lies  as  far  within  as  that  without  the  middle  of  the  wing. 
In  none  of  the  specimens  (owing  to  imperfect  preservation)  can  the  sixth 
longitudinal  vein  be  traced  beyond  the  basal  transverse  vein. 

Length  of  body,  11""";  breadth  of  thorax,  1.75""";  of  abdomen,  1.2"""; 
length  of  femora:  fore  S-S"",  middle  3.5  C?)""*,  hind  3.5""'  of  tibiae:  fore 
S.^S"",  middle  3.25"'"',  hind  4""" ;  of  tarsi :  fore  3"'"',  middle  2.75"'™,  hind  3.5"'"'; 
of  first  joint  of  tarsi:  fore  1.4"'",  middle  l""",  hind  1.5"'"';  length  of  wing, 
10""" ;  breadth  of  same,  3.5"'"'.     All  the  measurements  are  taken  from  the 

male. 

Similkatieen  River,  British  Columbia,  .'^ive  specimens,  Nos.  76,  79- 
83  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Ca.^sj  ia). 

Plecia  pealei. 

PI.  4,  Figs.  2,  3, 10, 11, 12. 

This  species  differs  from  ?.  similkameena  mainly  in  a  single  point,  the 
earlier  forking  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  ihe  stalk  of  which  is  as  short 
as  or  shorter  than  the  middle  transverse  vein,  while  in  the  British  Columbia 
specios  it  is  about  twice  as  long.  The  superior  fork  of  the  third  longitud- 
inal vein  is  also  a  trifle  shorter,  although  it  does  not  appear  to  arise  any 
earlier.  The  cross-vein  uniting  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  with  the  branch 
of  the  fifth  (next  its  base)  is  not  shown  in  the  figures,  and  the  neuration  is 
imperfect  in  Figs.  2  and  3  at  several  points.  The  species  is  of  the  same 
size  as  P.  similkameena,  but  a  couple  of  specimens,  thought  at  first  to  be 
distinct  from  apparent  differences  in  their  obscure  neuration,  but  which 
turned  out  to  be  identical  on  closer  inspection,  are  somewhat  smaller  than 
the  average.  The  species  must  have  been  exceedingly  common  in  the  beds 
at  Twin  Creek,  Wyoming,  for  out  of  more  than  fifty  specimens  of  fossil 
insects  obtained  for  me  by  the  In'otliers  Bell  at  their  coal  bed  all  but  one 
or  two  belong  to  this  species.  They  are  preserved  in  a  whitish  fetid  shale. 
They  are  mostly  in  a  very  poor  state  of  preservation,  the  best  of  tliem 
being  shown  in  Figs  2,  3,  and  11,  the  last  showing  the  average  size.  Much 
better  specimens,  however,  were  obtained  by  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale  in  October. 
1877,  in  beds  on  the  same  creek,  about  thirty-five  to  forty  miles  northea:'t 
of  Randolph,  on  a  darker  shale,  where  the  specimens  were  equally  .abundant 


J 


586 


TEUTIAEY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


and  excellently  preserved,  as  see  Figs.  10  and  12.  Dr.  Peale  brougiit  home 
nine  slabs,  numbered  1  to  G,  containing  ten  specimens,  with  reverses  of  four 
of  them.  Three  or  four  good  specimens  v  j;e  also  sent  me  from  Twin 
Creek  by  Prof  J.  S.  Newberry,  and  were  then  taken  for  the  preceding 
species. 

Named  for  the  geologist  Dr.  A.  C.  Peale,  who  has  been  quick  in  the 
discovery  of  insect-bearing  shales  in  the  West. 

Plgcia  dejecta. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  17. 

This  species  is  in  most  respects  nearer  P.  similkameena  than  P.  peaiei 
from  the  neighboring  region  to  the  north,  but  it  is  considerably  smaller 
than  the  former  and  than  most  specimens  of  the  latter ;  a  single  well  pre- 
served and  nearly  perfect  specimen  has  been  found,  in  marked  contrast  to 
the  abundance  of  P.  peaiei  to  the  north.  As  in  P.  peaiei  the  superior  branch 
of  the  third  superior  vein  is  no  longer,  or  scarcely  longer,  than  the  distance 
from  the  median  transverse  vein  to  the  origin  of  the  branch,  while,  on  the 
ether  hand,  it  resembles  P.  similkameena  in  that  the  length  of  the  median 
transverse  vein  is  double  that  of  the  distance  from  it  to  the  fork  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  voin,  represented  a  trifle  too  short  on  the  plate.  The  legs  are 
as  in  the  other  species  as  far  as  noted. 

Length  of  wing,  7.5""" ;  breadth  of  same,  3"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming     One  specimen,  No  8  (Dr.  A.  S.  Pac!;ard). 


Family  MYCETOPHILID^E  Westwood. 
SCIARA  Meigen. 

h    SCIARA   DEPEEDITA. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  17. 
adara  deperdita  Scndd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Qeol.  Snrv.  Can.,  1876-1H77,  457-458  (1878). 

The  remains  of  this  species  consist  of  a  single  perfect  wing  and  the 
fragments  of  an  eye  whose  facets  are  0.0165°""  in  diameter.  The  wing  is 
oval  and  regularly  rounded,  with  a  somewhat  abrupt  inner  angle,  the  sur- 
face covered  with  microscopic  hairs.  Judging  from  Winnertz'a  descriptions 
this  insect  must  be  more  nearly  allied  to  S.  ungulata  Winn,  than  to  any 


!• 


DIPTERA— MYOETOPHILIDiE. 


587 


othei'  of  the  numerous  species  mentioned  Ii  his  monograph  of  the  group. 
The  costal  and  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins,  together  with  the  cross- 
veins  uniting  the  two  latter,  are  much  heavier  and  darker  than  the  other 
veins  of  the  wing ;  the  veins  near  the  center  of  the  wing  and  from  there 
toward  the  base  are  mv.  3  delicate  and  fainter  than  elsewhere;  but  this 
perhaps  is  due  to  their  indifferent  preservation ;  the  costal  vein,  which 
scarcely  fails  of  reaching  the  tip  of  the  wing,  is  covered  with  fine  and  short 
spinous  hairs.  The  first  longitudinal  vein  strikes  the  middle  of  the  costal 
margin,  and  the  cross-vein  below  unites  it  at  the  middle  with  the  second 
longitudinal  vein ;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  very  obscure  though  broad  and 
scarcely  extends  more  than  half-way  to  the  cross- vein,  in  close  juxtaposi- 
tion to  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  transverse  shoulder  vein  is  equally 
faint,  oblique,  uniting  the  middle  of  the  auxiliary  vein  with  the  costal  mar- 
gin. The  second  longitudinal  vein  is  strongly  bowed  and  extends  nearly 
to  the  tip  of  the  costal  vein.  The  basal  undivided  part  of  the  third  longi- 
tudinal vein  is  straight,  originates  from  the  second  barely  beyond  the  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  vein,  and  forks  somewhat  abruptly  at  the  middle  of  its  course 
and  just  beyond  the  e.xtremity  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein;  shortly 
beyond  their  origin  the  forks  are  very  nearly  straight  and  quite  parallel  to 
the  tip,  the  upper  fork  striking  exactly  the  tip  of  the  wing ;  the  tips  of  the 
two  forks  and  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  are  equidistant,  and  the  costal 
vein  terminates  midway  between  the  extremity  of  the  second  and  of  the 
upper  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein ;  the  tip  of  the  fourth  is  slightly 
farther  from  that  of  the  lower  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  than  the 
separation  of  the  two  forks.  The  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  are 
straight  and  subparallel  at  base,  beginning  to  diverge  where  they  bend 
downward,  just  beyond  the  middle,  the  tip  of  the  fourth  lying  about  mid- 
way between  that  of  the  fifth  and  the  lower  fori  of  the  third  longitudinal 
vein.  The  sixth  longitudinal  vein  is  rudimentary  and  very  indistinct, 
extending  less  than  a  quarter-way  toward  the  margin. 

Length  of  wing,  2.75™";  breadth,  1.25""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  44  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


!• 


588 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NCETH  AMERICA. 


SCIARA   8C0PULL 
PI.  10,  Fig.  16. 

A  little  slab  brought  home  by  Dr.  Packard  has  two  flies  upon  it  in  close 
proximity,  one  preserved  on  a  dorsal,  the  other  on  a  lateral  aspect.  The 
venation  in  both  is  obscure,  but  they  apparently  belong  to  the  Sciarina  at 
least.  The  head  is  rather  small,  the  antenna;  are  rather  coarse,  cylindrical, 
equal,  shorter  than  the  thorax.  Legs  very  long,  exceedingly  slender,  the 
tibiae  without  apical  thorns,  or  rather  without  conspicuous  thorns,  all  the 
legs  covered  with  excessively  delicate  aculiform  hairs.  Wings  with  only 
two  distinct  veins,  which  run  nearly  parallel,  not  far  from  the  front  border, 
and  the  second  of  which  terminates  a  little  above  the  middle  of  the  tip,  and 
below  it  a  deeply  forked  vein,  apparently  much  as  in  Sciara  proper. 

Length  of  body,  3.25"™ ;  cf  antennae,  1'"™  ;  of  legs,  4.25"""  ;  of  wings, 

amni 

Green  iliver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  2.     (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard  ) 

MYCETOPHILA  Meigen. 
Mycetophila  occultata. 


PI.  5,  Figs.  44, 45, 54,  55. 

Mycetophila  oeenltata  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  t53  (1877). 

A  single  poorly  preserved  specimen  and  its  reverse  present  an  upper 
view  of  the  insect,  with  the  wings  folded  over  the  back,  the  legs  crowded 
together,  and  the  antenna;  lying  beside  the  body.  T'.ie  antennje  are  about 
as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  the  joints  scarcely  longer  thp.n  broad, 
nearly  cylindrical,  scarcely  at  all  moniliform.  The  legs  are  comparatively 
slender,  hairy,  and  unarmed,  not  very  long.  The  character  of  the  venation 
shows  the  insect  tc  belong  to  the  Mycetophilidae,  but  what  genus  is  repre- 
sented is  somewhat  obscure  through  doubt  of  the  exact  location  of  some  of 
the  veins  ;  neither  the  auxiliary  vein  nor  any  of  the  basal  veins  above  it  can 
be  seen,  nor  can  the  axillary  be  traced ;  judging  from  the  other  veins,  it  is 
probably  allied  to  Mycetophila,  although,  in  the  possible  presence  o^  a 
second  cross-vein  uniting  the  cubital  vein  with  the  extremity  of  the  radial, 
it  should  be  referred  to  a  distinct  genus,  probably  allied  to  Empheria  and 


DIPTB  EA— MYCBTOPHILIDiB. 


589 


Tetragoneura.  The  presence  of  a  such  a  vein  being  doubtful,  we  have  pre- 
ferred to  point  out  its  affinity  to  Mycetophila.  Tlie  radial  vein  ends  in  the 
middle  of  the  outer  two  thirds  of  the  costa,  and  at  its  tip  a  distinct  stigma, 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  occupies  the  space  between  the  radial 
and  costal  vei-s.  The  tip  of  the  wing  is  broken  on  one  specimen  and 
obscured  on  the  other,  so  that  the  length  of  the  costal  vein  can  not  be  deter- 
mined, although  it  appears  to  extend  slightly  beyond  the  tip  of  the  cubital 
vein ;  the  cubital  is  connected  by  the  cross- vein  to  the  radial  but  a  short 
distance  from  its  origin,  and  bends  but  little  upward  from  the  median  vein 
to  reach  it ;  the  middle  discal  vein,  on  the  contrary,  bends  downward  con- 
siderably an^  "^  '  «  at  a  distance  from  the  base,  less  than  half-way  from  the 
median  cross- vein  to  the  tip  of  tiie  radial  vein,  and  an  unusually  broad 
space  is  left  between  its  upper  branch  and  the  cubital  vein,  while  .he  fork 
of  the  hind  vein  is  nearer  the  base  than  the  separation  of  the  cubital  from 
the  median  vein. 

Length  of  body,  3.5">" ;  antennae,  l.l™" ;  wings,  3.5""" ;  tibiae  (of  fore 
legs  !),  0.75"'" ;  tarsi  (of  same  legs),  0.4"". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.    One  specimen,  (W.  Denton.) 

ANATELLA  Winnertz. 

AnATELLA   TaCITA. 
PL  10,  Fig.  13. 

A  single  specimen  with  damaged  wings  is  referred  here.  The  antennae 
are  as  long  as  the  thorax,  slender,  equal,  covered  with  fine  short  hairs  Tiie 
legs  are  long  and  slender,  the  tarsi  apparently  longer  than  the  tibiae,  the 
latter  armed  apically  with  a  pair  of  exceedingly  long  unoqua'  spines,  and 
all  the  legs  thickly  clothed  with  rather  coarse  spinous  hairs.  Wings  dusky, 
the  venation  obscure,  but  apparently  as  in  Anatella,  there  being  no  sign  of 
any  auxiliary  vein  beyond  the  base,  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein 
apparently  short  and  the  fork  of  the  lower  a  Httle  further  out  than  that  of 
the  upper  discoidal  vein. 

Length  of  body,  4'°"';  of  antennae,  l.S"";  of  tarsi,  1.75""™;  of  wing 
(estimated),  3.2""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming,    One  specimen,  No.  14,  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard.) 


590  TERTIAltY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

TRICHONTA  Winnertz. 

Tbichonta  dawsoni. 

PL  3,  Figs.  12, 13. 
IHckonta  (lamoni  Scudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  8urv.  Can.,  I^T-Vmrc,  >.i72  (1877). 

A  very  well  preserved  though  fragrueiitary  specimen  must  unquestion 
ably  be  referred  to  this  genus,  and  is  named  for  its  discoverer.  The  greater 
part  of  one  wing,  the  basal  half  of  the  other,  including  between  them  all 
the  characteristic  parts  of  the  neuration,  with  cushed  fragments  of  the  thorax 
and  abdomen,  make  up  the  remains  of  the  creature.  The  veins  of  the  wing 
are  black,  especially  the  upper  ones,  which  are  heavMy  marked ;  the  wing 
is  covered  with  microscopic  hairs,  and  slightly  infuscated  throughout,  but 
on  the  apical  quarter  becomes  dark  fuliginous.  The  neuration  agrees  in 
every  particular,  to  the  minutest  degree,  with  the  figure  of  Trichonta  given 
by  Winnertz,  excepting  that  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  forks  considerably 
nearer  the  base,  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  extends  farther  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  wing. 

Estimated  length  of  wing,  4.75""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1.85""°. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  G  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

RYMOSIA  Winnertz. 

Rymosia  stkanoulata. 

PL  10,  Fig.  2. 

A  single  specimen  in  which  most  of  the  legs  and  one  wing,  of  which 
the  apex  is  lost,  is  all  that  remains  of  this  species.  Unfortunaiely  the  draw- 
ing is  incorrect  in  two  particulars :  the  transverse  median  vein  which  is  at 
about  the  middle  of  the  fragment,  and  is  very  obscurely  preserved,  is  not 
given  ;  and  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is  scarcely  half  so  long  as 
represented,  although  the  fork  of  the  lower  discoidal  vein  is  still  nearer  the 
base.  The  cubital  vein,  which  must  terminate  rather  far  above  the  apex  of 
the  wing,  is  not  in  the  least  bent  at  the  transverse  median  vein.  The  legs 
are  hairy  and  tolerably  well  though  delicately  spined. 

Probable  length  of  wing,  S""". 

Green  liiver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  11  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


I 


DII TEBA— M  YOETOPHILID^. 


591 


BRACHYPEZA  Winnertz. 
^     Bbachypeza  abita. 
PI.  3,  Figs.  7,  8. 
Braohypeza  abita  Scadd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Sutt.  Can.,  1875-187C,  271-372  (1877). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  in 
wliich  the  wings  and  an  obscure  and  detached  fragment  of  the  abdomen  are 
present.  Tlie  wing  appears  to  be  devoid  of  markings.  The  auxihary  vein 
does  not  fairly  impinge  upon  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  but  bends  toward  it 
and  then  vanishes ;  in  other  respects  the  neuration  of  the  base  of  the  wing 
is  precisely  as  figured  by  Wirmertz  for  Brachypeza ;  so,  too,  are  the  origin, 
course,  and  position  of  all  the  principal  veins  and  the  cross-vein,  but  the 
branches  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  unite  perhaps  a  little  farther  f:  ^m  the 
base,  viz :  scarcely  nearer  the  base  than  the  point  of  separation  of  the  united 
third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  from  the  second ;  the  sixth  longitudinal 
vein  is  perfectly  straight,  and  terminates  quite  as  far  from  the  base  of  the 
wing  as  the  small  transverse  vein ;  the  anal  vein  is  regularly  curved,  about 
as  long  as  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein,  runs  parallel  to  the  border  beside  it, 
and  terminates  on  the  lowe:  margin. 

Length  of  wing,  4""" :  breadth  of  same,  1.35""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  3  and  16  (Dr.  Gt.  M. 
Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

i     Bbachypeza  pboceba. 


? 


PI.  3,  Pig..  U. 


Braohypeza preoera  Sondd.,  Bep.  Progr.  Qeol.  Sarv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  272  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  of  this  species  is  in  a  very  fair  state  of  preservation, 
almost  the  entire  neuration  of  the  wings  being  preserved,  as  well  as  frag- 
ments of  the  body  and  other  appendages.  The  wings  are  fuliginous,  more 
deeply  next  the  coUal  border.  The  neuration  of  the  extreme  base  is  lost, 
and  the  remainder  differs  from  that  of  B.  abita  only  in  the  lower  half  of 
the  wing ;  the  branches  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  unite  nearer  the  base 
than  in  that  species,  resembling,  in  this  respect,  the  illustration  of  Brachypeza 
give'i  by  Winnertz ;  the  lower  branch  curves  strongly  toward  the  tip,  diverg- 
ing unusually  from  the  upper  branch ;  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  is  straight, 


592 


TBRTIAIIY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


and  runs  far  past  tho  forking  of  tho  fifth  voin,  fully  two-thirds  the  way  to 
the  margin  of  tho  wing ;  tho  anal  vein  curves  but  gently,  and  appears  to 
vanish  before  reaching  the  margin  of  tho  wing. 

Length  of  wing,  3.5""";  breadth  of  same,  1.5""". 

Ouesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  4  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

GNORISTE  Meigen. 

Gnoriste  dentoni. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  0,  7. 

Onoritte  dmtoni  Sondd.,  Ball.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Turr.,  Ill,  755  (1877). 

A  singlo  specimen,  a  little  broken,  but  otherwise  in  good  preservation. 
The  head  and  thorax  are  nearly  black,  the  abdomen  dark  fusco-castaneous. 
Legs  and  base  of  anteniue  fuscous.  Wings  rather  narrower  at  tip  than  in 
the  Pjuropoan  G.  apicalis  lloffm.,  hyaliue,  covered  with  microscopic  hairs, 
with  a  very  slight  and  increasing  infuscation  toward  the  apex,  the  veins 
testaceous,  the  costal  and  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  much  heavier 
than  the  others,  and  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  with  its  lower  fork  scarcely 
heavier  than  the  veins  about  it.  The  extreme  tip  of  both  wings  is  broken, 
so  that  the  extent  of  the  costal  vein  can  not  be  seen ;  but,  in  the  approach 
of  the  proximal  end  of  the  fork  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  to  the  root  of 
the  wing,  the  species  agrees  with  the  American  G.  megarhina  O.  S.  more 
than  with  the  European  species  mentioned,  for  it  lies  scarcely  farther  from 
the  base  than  the  transverse  vein  connecting  the  first  and  second  longitudinal 
veins,  and  slightly  nearer  than  the  separation  of  the  third  and  fourth  longi- 
tudinal veins.  Only  the  basal  four  joints  of  the  antennae  are  preserved ; 
the  basal  joint  is  obconic,  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex,  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  broad,  the  other  three  cylindrical,  the  second  nearly  half  as  long  again 
iiS  broad,  the  third  and  fourth  less  than  a  third  longer  than  broad.  The 
legs  are  profusely  covered  with  hairs,  but  the  hinder  pair  appear  to  be 
spineless,  except  at  the  apex  of  the  tibia  and  of  each  tarsal  joint,  where  there 
are  three  or  four  slender  and  rather  short  spines ;  the  claws  are  very  small 
and  delicate,  strongly  curved  and  delicately  pointed ;  the  short  tibiae  of  the 
front  legs,  however,  have  at  least  a  single  row  of  fine,  distant  spines  on  the 
upper  (?)  edge. 


DI PTERA— M  YOETOPHl  LID^. 


593 


Length  of  body,  4.4""" ;  first  joint  of  antennse,  0.2""° ;  second  joint, 
0.125"'"';  third  and  fourthjoints  each,  0.1  !"•"';  wingw,  4.5"'"' ;  middle  (?)  tarsi, 
2.2""^ ;  first  joint  ot  same,  LI"" ;  second,  0.45"'"" ;  third,  0.28"'"' ;  fourth, 
0.2"'"';  fifth,  0.17""";  claws,  0.038"'"'. 

Fossil  Caflon,  White  River,  Utah.    One  specimen  (W.  Denton). 

BOLETINA  Stiiger. 


^ 


BoLETINA   8EPULTA. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  9. 

BoUiina  trpulta  Scndd.,  Rep.  Frogr.  Geol.  Siirv.  Citii.,  1875-1876,  271  (1877). 

A  fragment  of  a  single  wing  and  a  portion  of  the  abdomen  represent 
this  species.  It  is  accompanied  b^'  Pimpla  decessa.  The  wing  is  moder- 
ately broad,  and  faintly  fuliginous ;  the  costal,  auxiliary,  and  first  and 
second  longitudinal  veins  are  heavily  impressed,  broad,  black,  and  devoid 
of  the  microscopic  hairs  which  uniformly  cover  the  membrane  of  tl:e  wing 
and  the  other  veins ;  these  latter  are  faintly  impressed,  slender,  and  testa- 
ceous. The  costal  vein  is  bristly ;  the  base  of  the  wing  is  broken,  so  that 
only  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  can  be  seen,  which  terminates  on  the  costal 
margin  scarcely  before  the  small  transverse  vein;  the  latter  is  conspicuously 
oblique,  directed  from  above,  downward  and  outward ;  tiio  first  and  second 
longitudinal  veins  are  pretty  strongly  curved  downward  at  tij) ;  the  veins 
below  these  fork  a  little  farther  out  than  in  the  scheme  of  Boletina,  as 
figured  by  Winnertz,  and  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  terminates  just  beyond 
the  junction  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins. 

Length  of  fragment,  S.TS"""";  estimated  length  of  wing,  G""";  breadth  of 
wing,  2.15™". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen.  No.  S*"  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Boletina  umbratica. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  3. 

From  the  size  of  the  abdomen,  the  single  specimen  known  seems  to  be 

a  female.     A  fragment  of  one  antenna  is  preserved  together  with  parts  of 

the  legs,  especially  of  the  tibiae,  which  are  very  delicately  spined,  though 

no  apical  spurs  are  seen.     The  hind  tarsi  of  one  side  are  also  preserved 

VOL  xiu 38 


694 


TERTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTIl   AMKKICA. 


Hiul  arc  (jqunl  in  loiigth  to  tho  tarsi.  The  wIii^h  hIiuw  iixmt  of  tliu  iieura- 
tion.  The  auxiliary  vein  terminates  on  the  costa  before  the  middle  of  tiie 
wing  opposite  the  transverse  median  vein.  Tiie  radius  terminates  some 
distance  and  the  cubitus  sh'ghtly  before  tlie  tip  of  the  wing.  The  upper 
discoidal  vein  forks  about  one-quarter  way  to  the  margin,  and  the  lower 
discoidal  before  tiie  origin  of  the  ujiper  discoidal  vein. 

Length  of  body,  3.5™"';  of  wings,  2.5"'™;  breadth  of  same,  1.1""";  length 
of  hind  tibias  1.5""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  37  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 

BOLETINA   PALUUIVAOA. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  7. 

The  venation  is  not  c(,.rectly  drawn,  the  auxiliary  vein  which  reaches 
nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  not  being  shown;  the  radius  should  curve 
U|)ward  at  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  be  connected  with  the  cubital  just 
previous  to  this  curve ;  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is  short.  The 
legs  are  moderately  stout  but  long,  densely  clothed  with  delicate  hairs,  the 
tibiaj  with  long  apical  thorns. 

Length  of  body,  2.5"'"';  of  wings,  2.2j>""";  of  tarsi,  LSo""". 

Green   River,   Wyoming.     Two   specimens,    Nos.   5,  40  (Dr.   A.  S. 

Packard). 

SACKENIA  Scudder. 

Sackeiiia  Scn<l«l.,  Hull.  U.  8.  Ocol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  Ill,  7r>3-7.'")4  (1877). 

Body  shaped  much  as  in  Boletina.  Antenna'  longer  than  the  thorax, 
one-fourth  slenderer  at  the  apex  than  near  the  base,  gently  curved,  2-+ 14- 
jointed.  Legs  ery  long  and  slender;  femor.t  and  tibia?  of  about  equal 
length;  tarsi  p  iittle  longer  than  the  tibia?;  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  together 
a  little  longer  than  the  abdomen ;  the  tibia;  with  one  or  two  apical  spurs 
beneath  and  spine'Mhroiighout.  Wings  rather  broad  ovate;  the  smaller  veins 
at  the  extreme  base  obliterated  in  the  specimen  examined;  auxiliary  vein  ter- 
minating on  the  costa  beyond  the  end  of  tl'e  basal  third,  the  first  longitudi- 
nal vein  in  the  nn'ddle  of  the  outer  half;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is 
unusually  curved  downward  at  the  tip,  so  as  almost  to  reach  the  apex  of 
the  wing ;  the  united  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  part  from  the  sec- 
ond very  near  the  base  of  the  wing  or  within  the  small  transverse  vein ; 


t 


I)II»TKllA— MYCKTOPIIILID.IS. 


595 


t 


they  divide  iiuar  the  center  of  the  wing,  nnd  the  fifth  mid  Hixth  longitudinal 
H8  neui-  tiie  bHHe  an  the  third  nnd  fourtii;  the  uixth  longitudinal  vein  in 
Htraight,  and  a])pear8  to  reach  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

The  genus  reHenibles  Boletina  more  tiian  any  of  the  genera  figured  by 
Winnertz,  but  ditfern  strikingly  from  it  in  the  approxinuition  to  the  base  of 
the  forking  of  the  third  and  fourth,  and  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal 
veins.  In  tliis  particular  it  closely  resembles  the  Sciarina,  but  on  the  other 
hand  differs  from  them  to  a  greater  degree  in  the  length  of  the  auxiliary 
and  first  longitudinal  veins,  and  in  that  the  former  reaches  the  costa.  The 
costal  vein  does  not  appear  to  pass  beyond  the  tip  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein,  but  this  point  is  obscure. 

I  have  dedicated  this  genus  to  the  distinguished  dipterologist.  Baron 
Osten  Sacken,  to  whom  1  am  indebted  for  many  suggestions  in  the  deter- 
min-ition  of  these  fossils. 

Sackenia  arcuata. 

PI.  6,  Figs.  3,  4, 13,  13. 

Sackenia  an-uata  Sciiilil.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Ge<>1.  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  Ill,  754-75.5  (1877) ;    in  Zlttel,  Haiidb.  d. 

Pulioont.,  I,  ii,  811,  Fig.  1088  (ie8,'^>). 

This  species  is  represented  in  part  by  a  female  specimen,  more  than 
usually  well  preserved.  The  body  is  pale  testaceous;  the  wings  wholly 
hyaline,  but  the  veins  faint  testaceous;  the  anteniue  are  a  little  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax  together,  very  slender,  of  the  color  of  the  thorax ;  the 
basal  joints  are  subglobular,  slightly  broader  than  long,  the  remainder  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  and  beyond  the  middle  of  the  antenna;  slightly  monili- 
form.  In  the  wings,  the  base  of  the  hinder  cell,  using  Winnertz's  terminology, 
lies  within  the  base  of  the  upper  discal  cell,  both  being  nearer  the  base  of 
the  wing  than  the  middle  transverse  vein,  while  the  base  of  the  middle  dis- 
cal cell  is  far  outside  of  either  of  these,  near  the  center  of  the  wing.  The 
costal  vein  appears  to  terminate  where  the  cubital  reaches  the  margin,  and 
the  axillary  vein  nearly  or  quite  reaches  the  border.  The  legs  are  partly 
detached,  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  front  pair  obscure,  but  it  looks  as 
though  the  front  tarsi  were  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  front  tibiis, 
which  is  hardly  probable. 

Length  of  body,  5.^5""°;  antennae,  2""" ;  wings,  4.25"";  hind  femora, 
3"";  hind  tibiae,  2"";  hind  tarsi,  2.4""";  fore  tarsi,  2"'". 


59« 


TliUTlAUY  IN8E0T8  OF  NOUTll  AMKKIOA. 


A  Hocond  Hp«cimeii  of  the  namo  HpeoiflH  is  similarly  preserved,  but 
lucks  the  wiiiffs.  The  lujifs,  however,  itu  l)etter  preserved,  and  show  a 
pair  of  apieal  spurs  to  tlie  tibiic.  The  aiitentue  are  iuiperfect,  but  the  pro- 
boscis is  seen.  Tiie  length  of  the  curved  body  is  a  little  more  than  [)J)""". 
The  legs  are  detached  and  confused,  so  that  it  is  inipossil)le  to  sejMirate  the 
middle  and  hind  legs  ;  one  leg.  (a  front  leg,  to  judge  from  its  length)  has  the 

fcdlowing  meastu'ements:    femur    1.2""",  tibia,    1.4"'"',   tarsi    1.7 ';    another 

(probably  a  hind  leg):  femur  2.J  (?)"'"',  tibia  2.2r)""",  tarsi  1.7.0""";  another 
(probably  the  opposite  of  the  same):  tibia  2.26"'"',  tarsi  1.75""".  Appar- 
ently, all  the  tarsi  are  broken.  The  tibial  spines,"  both  in  this  and  the  fin  t- 
mentioned  specimen  are  delicate,  and  a  little  more  than  half  as  long  as  the 
thickness  of  the  tibia;. 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.  Two  specimens.  (\V. 
Denton.) 

Hackknia  ?  sp. 
PI.  5.  Fig.  5(). 

Another  and  far  smaller  species  of  Sackenia  seems  to  be  indicated  by 
the  imperfect  fragment  of  a  wing  and  an  obscure  body.  The  third  longi- 
tudinal vein  is  wrongly  drawn  as  if  united  to  the  sect»nd  instead  of  to  the 
fourth.  The  common  stem  of  the  latter  is  joined  to  the  secoiul  very  shortly 
before  their  union,  this  being  effected  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  than  in 
S.  arcuata. 

Length  of  body,  2'"'";  probable  length  of  wing,  1.6"'™. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.  One  specimen,  No.  36"  (W.  Den- 
ton). 

Sackenia.  »f\ 

Sackenia  sp.  Soiidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Cool.  Geogr.  Sarv.  Terr.,  IV,  750  (1878). 

A  specimen  of  Mr.  Richards  jn's  collection  rej)resents  a  species  of 
Mycetophilidic  apparently  belonging  to  this  genus,  so  far  as  can  be  deter- 
mined. It  closely  resembles  Sackenia  arcuata  from  the  White  River  shales, 
but  diffei's  from  it  in  its  smaller  size  and  in  possessing  a  proportionally 
larger  and  more  arched  thorax ;  the  legs  also  appear  to  be  shorter.  Besides 
the  body  and  (indistinctly)  the  antennae  and  legs,  only  the  upper  portions  of 
the  wings  remain,  consisting  of  the  costal  margin  and  first  and  second  longi- 


>■  r' 


^ 


>■  r' 


DIl'TKUA— MYOETOPHILIDJ'J. 


597 


tiulinnl  veinH,  with  tlio  orosH-voiii  uniting,'  them ;  thcHe  wholly  agree  with 
the  Hjune  fentiiroB  in  S.  mfuuta,  excepting  that  the  wecond  longitudinal  vela 
teiniinateH  a  little  higher  up. 

Length  of  body,  3.75'"™  ;  of  wings,  2.9"™ 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  npecimen.  No.  7  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 

ANACLINIA  Winnertz. 

Anaclinia?  up. 
PI.  »,  Pig.  la. 

Another  specimen  undoubtedly  to  be  referred  to  the  Mycetophilidai)  is 
figured  in  PI.  9,  Fig.  \2,  but  the  fragment  of  the  wing  preserved  is  so 
obscured  by  the  overlying  legs  that  a  nearer  determination  is  imjjossible. 
It  seems,  however,  to  fall  in  the  neighborhood  of  Anaclinia  or  Gnoriste,  but 
the  weaker  parts  of  the  neuration  and  the  «»rigin  of  the  veins  are  so  obscure 
that  no  closer  deterujination  can  be  made.  The  first  longitudinal  vein  is 
longer  than  usual,  reaching  to  beyond  the  tip  of  the  wing,  and  the  termina- 
tion of  the  second  is  about  midway  between  that  of  the  first  and  that  of  the 
third.  The  antennic  are  moderately  slender,  about  as  long  as  the  thorax 
with  cylindrical  joints  about  twice  as  long  as  broad. 

Length  of  body,  2.6™™  ;  wing,  2.1""». 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  66  (Prof.  Leslie  A.  Lee). 

SCIOPHILA  Meigen. 

SCIOPHILA    HYATTII. 
PI.  10,  Pig.  6. 

Some  fragments  of  legs  and  one  wing  are  all  that  remain  of  the  single 
specimen  of  this  species.  Most  of  the  neuration  of  the  wing,  and  especially 
of  the  more  important  portions,  can  be  made  out,  but  an  error  occurs  in  the 
drawing,  in  the  omission  of  the  brachial  vein,  characteristic  of  this  group 
of  MycetophilidsB.  The  species  is  peculiar  in  that  the  auxiliary  vein  bends 
downward  and  terminates  on  the  radius  above  the  middle  cell,  showing  no 
branch  to  the  costa.  The  radius  terminates  far  out  toward  the  tip  of  the 
wing.  The  middle  cell  is  more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  cubitus 
terminates  at  the  extreme  wing-tip;  the  stalk  of  the  upper  discoidal  vein  is 


i^ 


598 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


sliort,  not  more  than  lialf  as  long-  aa  the  middle  cell  (here  again  the  plare 
is  inaccurate),  and  the  lower  discoidal  vein  forks,  apparently,  before  the 
base  of  the  upper  discoidal  stalk,  but  this  point  is  obscure ;  the  brevity  of 
the  latter  is  remarkable  for  a  Sciophila. 

Length  of  wing  (estimated),  5.5™"';  breadth,  2"'"'. 

Named  for  my  learned  friend  and  comrade,  Prof.  Alpheus  Hyatt,  of 
Cambridge. 

Green  R'ver,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  99  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 


1' 


DIADOCIDIA  Ruthd 

DiadocidiaI  terricola. 
PI.  10,  Figs.  10, 11. 

DiadocidiaT  terricola  Sciuld.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Snry.  Terr.  IV,  750  (1878). 

This  species  is  founded  upon  a  single  wing  found  by  Mr.  Richardson, 
differing  to  such  a  degree  from  Diadocidia  that  I  place  it  here  only  because 
the  only  other  reasonable  course  would  be  to  refer  it  to  a  new  genus,  which 
would  necessarily  be  conjectural,  froivi  the  imperfection  of  the  fragment. 
If  a  transverse  vein  e.xists  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  it  must  unite  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  with  the  second,  and  not,  as  in  Diadocidia,  with  the 
third.  The  wing  itself  is  shaped  much  as  in  Diadocidia,  and,  at  least  near 
its  costal  border,  is  covered  with  fine  hairs  arranged  in  rows  parallel  to  the 
course  of  the  neighboring  veins ;  one  of  these  rows  .n  the  costal  cell  is  so 
distinct  aa  to  appear  like  a  vein  parallel  to  and  lying  within  the  auxiliary 
vein.  The  auxiliurv  vein  terminates  in  the  costal  margin  far  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing,  a  feature  apparently  unknown  in  Mycetophilidai ;  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  terminates  only  a  little  farther  beyond,  and  as  in 
Diadocidia  there  is  no  transverse  vein  connecting  them ;  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein  terminates  a  little  above  the  apex  of  the  wing,  curving  down- 
ward at  its  extremity  and  apparently  surpassed  a  little  by  the  marginal 
vein ;  the  tliird  longitudinal  vein  originates  from  the  second  at  only  a  short 
distance  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  soon  forks,  or  at  about  the 
middle  of  the  wing ;  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  perhaps  connected  with 
the  second  at  the  point  where  it  parts  with  the  first  by  a  cross-vein  perpen- 
dicular to  the  costal  margin ;  at  least,  it  is  elbowed  at  this  point,  its  basal 
portion  running  parallel  to  the  costal  margin  to  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein, 


'      i      ' 


DIPTEBA— MYCETOPHII-IDJ5. 


599 


+ 


which,  beyond  this  point,  has  a  gentle  sinuous  course,  and  ri'^erges  rather 
strongly  from  the  fourth;  the  sixth  vein  can  not  be  traced,  although  the 
axillary  field  is  broad,  very  much  <i8  in  Diadocidia,  and  the  inner  margin 
distinct. 

Probable  length  of  wing,  3.6""";  its  breadth,  1.45"". 

Gree.x  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen.  No.  125  (F.  C.  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

MyCETOPHILIDiE  Spp. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  12. 

Scndd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Oeogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  IV,  750-751  (1878). 

Three  other  speciovS  of  Mycecophilidae  occur  among  the  specimens  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Bowditch  and  myself  at  Green  River,  Wyoming,  but  they 
are  indeterminable  from  their  fragmentary  condition.  One  of  them.  No. 
4134  (PI.  10,  Fig.  12),  has  indeed  the  remnant  of  a  wing,  bu*^^  the  portion 
of  the  venation  preserved  is  only  sufficiently  characteristic  to  enable  us  to 
judge  that  it  belongs  in  this  family  The  thorax  is  strongly  arched,  and  the 
full  and  tapering  abdomen  indicates  a  female.     The  head  is  gone. 

Tlie  thorax  and  abdomen  are  3.5""  long,  and  the  wing  probably 
3""'  long. 

Another  of  them,  from  the  same  place,  No.  4114,  has  a  portion  of  the 
base  of  a  wing  in  which  the  forking  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal 
veins  is  very  close  to  the  base,  as  in  Sackania,  but  nothing  more  can  be 
said  concerning  it ;  the  thorax  is  very  globular  and  the  abdomen  short. 

Length  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  3.65'^^". 

The  third  species  is  represented  by  two  specimens  on  one  stone  (No. 
4206)  which  came  from  the  high  butte.s  opposite  Green  River  Station,  and 
is  the  only  fly  wiiich  had  the  slightest  value  found  In  four  days'  search  at 
that  spot.  One  of  the  specimens  is  a  pupa  and  the  other  an  imago,  appar- 
ently of  the  same  species  and  distinct  from  either  of  tiie  preceding,  witli  a 
longer  thorax  and  slenderer  abdomen,  provided  with  large  ovate  anal  lobes. 

Length  of  thorax  and  abdomen,  5"". 


IS 


;1 


■     i      ' 


(>00 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Family  CECIDOMYID^  Westwood. 

LASIOPTERA  Meigen. 

Lasiopteba  kecessa. 

PI.  5,  Figs.  29-31. 

Lanioptera  rteetia  Soiidd.,  Bull.  U.  8.  Geoi.  Qeogr.  Snrv.  Terr.,  Ill,  745-746  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  of  a  minute  fly,  with  the  antennae  perfect,  the  body 
preserved  on  a  side  view,  with  parts  of  the  legs  and  the  wings  folded 
together  over  the  back,  raised  from  the  body.  The  head  is  moderately 
large  and  appears  to  be  a  little  narrower  than  the  thorax.  The  antennae 
show  fourteen  joints,  without  counting  the  bsisal  joint,  and  perhaps  one  or 
two  more  next  the  base,  where  the  antennaB  are  parted  ;  the  joints  are  sub- 
moniliform,  slightly  broader  than  long,  subequal ;  the  last  joint  subconical, 
twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  wings  show  a  principal  vein,  which  strikes 
the  costa  about  the  middle,  and  apparently  another,  striking  the  costa  Jialf- 
way  between  this  and  the  tip,  a  feature  which  does  not  accord  with  tiie 
structure  of  the  Cecidomyidie  generally  ;  but  the  wing  at  this  point  is  very 
obscure,  so  that  the  appearance  may  be  accidental.  Tiie  legs  are  appar- 
ently about  as  long  as  the  body  and  rather  slender. 

Length  of  body,  1.4"™;  of  antennae,  O.:™";  wings,  1""". 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen.  (W. 
Denton.) 

LITHOMYZA  Scudder  (XWo?,  jav^co). 

rAlliomy:a  SoiiiM.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr  Snrv.  Terr,  III,  746  (1877). 

Ocelli  present.  Antennae  nine-jointed,  scarcely  longer  than  the  tnorax, 
the  first  joint  cylindrical,  the  remainder  submoniliform,  ovate,  about  twice 
as  long  as  broad,  minutely  and  spars-^ly  pubescent.  Wings  resembling 
those  of  Aniu-ete  in  neuration,  but  differing  considerably  in  shape,  being 
broadest  beyond  the  middle  and  tapering  toward  the  base.  Tiie  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  extends  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  auxiliary  vein  runs 
close  beside  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  but  only  half  as  far,  terminating 
independently ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  wing, 
curving  downward  in  the  distal  part  of  it?  course  ;  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  forks  as  in  Anarete,  but  the  independent  or  fourth  longitudinal  vein 


Ti 


DIPTERA— CEOFDOMYID^. 


601 


I 


beneath  it  in  Anarete  is  absent  from  Lithomyza.    The  tibi*  are  destitute  of 
spurs,  but  fuinished  with  a  posterior  row  of  slight,  recumbent  spines. 

Lithomyza  condita. 
PI.  5,  Pigs.  34-36. 

Lmom!,.aoonMta  Soadd..  Bull.  U.  S.Geol.  Geogr.  Sary.  Terr..  Ill,  746(1877);  in  Zittel,  Handb  d 

Palaiont.  I,  ii,  818,  Fig.  1089  (lsa5). 

Represented  by  a  .single  specimen  in  an  unusually  perfect  condition, 
although  somewhat  indistinct.  The  joints  of  the  antenna  are  difficult  to 
determine,  but  with  little  doubt  are  nine  in  number ;  although  short,  they 
are  not  so  abbreviated  as  in  Anarete,  the  joints  being  twice  as  long  as 
broad ;  toward  the  tip,  they  grow  smaller.  The  legs  are  long  and  bristly. 
The  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  at  the  center  of  the  wing,  and 
nearer  the  base  than  the  extremity  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein.  There  is 
a  faint  indication  of  a  transverse  vein  between  the  first  and  second  longi- 
tudinal veins,  about  .nidway  between  the  fork  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
and  its  separation  from  the  second.  There  is  also  a  faint  and  very  doubt- 
ful indication  of  an  oblique  cross- vein  just  beyond  the. transverse  vein  men- 
tioned, running  from  the  first  longitudinal  vein  to  the  costa. 

Length  of  body,  2.7""";  of  antennae,  0.76'""';  of  wings,  2"'™;  fore  legs, 
O.TC?)""";  middle  legs,  2-"';  hind  legs,  2.4»»;  hind  tibi-^,  0.56""";  hind 
tarsi,  1.28"". 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.   One  specimen.  (W.  Denton.) 


I 


No  Lepidoptera  have  as  yet  been  found  in  the  American  Tertiaries, 
excepting  at  Flopssant.  The  bnttei-flies  have  been  described  in  the  Eighth 
Annual  Report  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  and  the  heterocerous  mem- 
bers will  be  discussed  at  another  time.  Here  there  is  place  only  for  the 
single  species  accidentally  figured  with  the  Trichoptera. 


Family  TINEID^C   Leach. 

Tineidae  are  not  rare  in  amber,  Menge  having  in  his  collection  sixty- 
nine  specimens,  of  which  one  was  a  caterpillar  and  two  were  pupse,  but  they 
have  not  been  studied.  Gravenhorst  also  mentions  a  Tinea  in  amber,  and 
Presl  describes  one  species.  Gerrnar  long  ago  figured  a  large  Ypsolophus 
from  the  Rhenish  brown  coal,  and  Heyden  from  the  same  beds  figures  the 
larval  mine  of  a  Nepticula.  Finally,  Kawall  described  a  Tineites  from 
"  Bergkrystall  "  at  Ufalei  in  Siberia.  The  single  species  here  found  may 
be  referred,  at  least  provisionally,  to  Psecadia,  and  though  smaller  than 
Germar's  Ypsolophus,  is  a  large  insect  (for  this  family),  resembles  it  not  a 
little,  belongs  to  the  same  group,  and  is  remarkably  preserved. 

PSECADIA  Hiibner. 

To  this  group  I  temporarily  refer  a  remarkably  well  preserved  moth, 
which  may  very  properly  be  better  relegated  to  a  distinct  genus,  on 
account,  in  part,  of  the  brevity  of  the  first  antennal  joint.  Its  close  rela- 
tionship to  Psecadia  and  Depressaria  can  hardly  be  contested,  though  the 
neuration  can  not  be  traced.  It  is  a  large  tineid,  like  those  of  these  two 
groups,  and  it  is  tolerably  plain  that  Gevmar's  Ypsolophus  insignia  is  nearly 
related;  an  interesting  fact,  since  the  single  fossil  species  of  Tineidae 
fairly  known  in  Europe  is  thus  found  to  be  closely  related  to  the  single 
species  known  in  America. 


TjBPIDOPTBRA— TINBID^. 


603 


PSECADIA   MORTUELLA. 


PI.  15,  Figs.  12, 17. 

A  single  specimen  has  been  found  with  its  reverse.  The  insect  is  pre- 
served lying  upon  its  side,  and  though  the  neuration  can  not  be  seen  from 
the  wing  having  been  heavily  scaled,  the  whole  of  the  antenna;  and  most 
of  the  palpi,  tongue,  and  legs  are  well  preserved.  The  palpi  are  closely 
recurved  over  the  head,  the  middle  joint  apparently  of  about  the  eame 
length  as  the  apical  joint,  compact  but  heavily  clothed,  nppressed  to  the 
front,  reaching  the  summit  of  the  eye,  the  apical  joint  very  slender  and 
pointed,  directed  at  last  backward,  reaching  the  back  of  the  head  Antenna? 
fully  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  wings,  slender,  naked,  gentl}'  tapering,  the 
basal  joint  stout,  rounded  apically,  not  over  twice  as  long  as  broad,  the 
succeeding  joints  uniformly  cylindrical,  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  trans- 
versely sulcate  in  the  middle,  as  if  made  of  two  subjoints,  relatively  a  little 
longer  near  the  middle  of  the  antennae  than  at  the  two  extremities,  the  sec- 
ond joint  three-fourths  the  diameter  of  the  first  and  only  as  long  as  broad. 
Tongue  at  least  as  long  as  the  middle  femora,  with  no  sign  of  squamation 
at  the  base  anteriorly.  Wings  fully  thiee  times  as  long  as  broad,  the  apex 
roundly  but  acutely  angulate,  all  heavily  squamate.  It  is  difficult  to  make 
out  what  the  markings  may  have  been,  but  it  would  appear  that  the  wings 
were  grizzly  with  an  interrupted  series  of  small  darker  spots  along  the 
proximal  half  of  the  costa,  and  another  series  down  the  middle  of  the  wing 
on  its  distal  half  The  legs  are  not  very  long,  the  fore  legs  somewhat 
shorter  than  the  middle  pair  f>nd  much  slenderer,  the  tarei  considerably 
shorter  than  the  femora,  and  fully  as  much  longer  than  the  short  tibia. 
The  middle  legs  are  very  much  shorter  than  tlie  hind  pair,  the  tibia  and 
tarsi  of  equal  length  and  each  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  broad 
femur;  the  tibia  armed  apically  with  a  pair  of  excessively  long  spurs.  The 
hind  legs  can  not  be  fully  determined,  but  the  tarsi  are  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  middle  tarsi,  and  the  dor.'ole  series  of  tibial  spurs  as  long  as  those  of 
the  intermediate  tibiae. 

Length  of  body,  12.5""";  wings,  10.2°"";  probable  spread  of  wings, 
25™"';  length  of  antennae,  S"";  fore  femora,  2"";  tibiae,  l.S""";  tarsi,  1.7"""; 
middle  femora,  2.3"'"';  tibiae,  l.Ta™";  tarsi,  I.TS"";  hind  tarsi,  S-S""". 

Florissant.    One  specimen,  Nos.  8460  and  9630. 


HYMENOPTER^  Linn^. 

Tribe  TEREBRANTIA^   Latreille. 

Family  TENTHREDINID^  Leach. 
TAXONUS  Dahlbom. 
/  Taxonus  nortoni. 
PI.  10,  Figs.  26,  27. 

A  fairly  preserved  specimen  and  its  reverse,  showing  a  dorsal  view 
with  most  of  a  front  wing,  but  neither  legs  nor  antennae.  The  head  and  tho- 
rax are  dark,  unusually  dark  for  specimens  on  this  stone,  but  the  abdomen  is 
much  ligiiter,  almost  uniformly  so,  but  showing  the  sides  » little  duskier.  The 
veins  of  the  wings  and  the  stigma  are  uniformly  dusky.  The  first  discoidal 
cell  is  almost  uniformly  rhombic,  the  cross-vein  separating  it  from  the  sec- 
ond discoidal  cell  being  unusually  long.  The  first  inner  apical  nervure  falls 
exactly  below  the  middle  of  the  first  discoidal  cell  and  the  lanceolate  cell 
has  a  strongly  oblique  cross  nervure  terminating  opposite  the  inner  end  of 
the  same  discoidal  cell. 

Le.^2;th  of  body,  7.5""" ;  breadth  of  thorax,  2.5""" ;  length  of  wing,  T"""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  22  and  140  (Prof 
L.  A.  Lee). 

Family  CHALCIDID^E  Walker. 

DECATOMA  Spinola. 
/  Decatoma  antiqua. 
PI.  10,  Figs.  20!,  31. 

Decatoma  antiqua  Sondd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  749  (1878). 

On  the  same  stone  as  Lystra  richardsoni,  but  at  a  slightly  higher  level, 
is  a  minute  chalcid  fly.  The  wings  are  lacking,  but  the  whole  of  the  body 
is  preserved,  together  with  the  an^onnae.    The  head  is  large,  arched,  and 

604 


.,        \ 


.,     \ 


hyIik 


HYIKNOPTBRA— BIIAOONED.B. 


605 


otherwiHe  well  rounded,  the  face  tapering  below,  the  eyes  large,  deep,  with 
their  inner  borders  nearly  parallel,  leavitig  an  equal  front ;  the  base  of  the 
antennae  can  not  be  made  out,  but  beyond  the  long  basal  joint  are  six  nearly 
equal  quadrate  joints,  increasing  very  slightly  indeed  in  size  away  from  the 
head,  scarcely  so  lon;jr  as  broad,  the  spiral  joint  subconical,  scarcely  longer 
than  the  penultimate.  Thorax  compact,  globose,  minutely  granulated  like 
the  head ;  the  abdomen  also  compact,  arched,  the  tip  rounded ;  beyond  it 
the  ovipositor  extends  very  slightly,  apparently  by  pressure. 

On  another  stone,  collected  by  M*  Richardson,  is  pretty  certainly 
another  specimen  of  this  species,  in  which  the  ai)domen  is  distorted  by  press- 
ure ;  the  abdomen  shows  this  by  the  rupture  of  the  integument,  and  the 
result  is  an  apparently  slenderer  abdomen  ;  it  is  also  a  female,  with  exactly 
the  same  parts  preserved,  with  the  addition  of  the  other  antenna ;  but  both 
antennae  are  more  obscure  than  in  the  other  specimen,  especially  at  the 
apex ;  they  appear,  however,  to  enlarge  more  rapidly  and  may  be  clavate 
at  the  tip,  in  which  case  the  insect  can  not  be  the  same. 

Length  of  body,  (of  No.  4076),  1.85""";  of  abdomen,  0.25'"'^;  of 
antennae  beyond  basal  joint,  0.4""' ;  width  of  penultimate  antennal  joint, 
0.045""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  Two  spec  mens,  Nos.  407(]  (S.  H.  Scudder^, 
86  (F.  C.  A.  Richardson). 

Family  BRACONIDvE  Haliday. 
CALYPTITES  Scudder. 

Calyptitei  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1876-1877,  270  a878). 

This  name  is  proposed  for  a  genus  of  fossil  Braconidse,  which  seems  to 
be  distinct  from  any  described  living  forms.  It  is  related  to  Calyptus,  but 
differs  from  it  in  the  neuration  of  the  front  wings,  mainly  in  the  shortness 
of  the  first  submedian  cell,  the  division  between  which  and  the  second  sub- 
median  cell  lies  much  before  the  lower  extremity  of  the  first  median  cell; 
and  still  more  in  the  shape  and  position  of  the  first  subcostal  and  second 
median  cellsj  the  vein  which  separates  them  is  in  straight  continuity  with 
that  separating  the  sc/ud  subcostal  and  third  median  cells,  so  that  the  sub- 
costal cells  and  the  median  cells  lie  in  parallel  lines  along  the  longer  diam- 


606 


TEUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


eter  of  tlio  wliiji^ ;  tlie  Hucund  median  coll  is  scjircely  more  than  half  as  large 
as  the  first  subcostal  cell,  subquadrate,  broadest  below ;  the  first  subcostnl 
cell  is  angulate,  but  broadly  oval,  its  larger  diameter  along  the  wing  almost 
twice  as  lotii;  as  broad. 


^ 


X  Calyptites  antediluvianum. 
PI.  3,  Pig.  32. 


'      i  1 

Calsptitet  anlediluHanum  Sciiild.,   Rnp.    I'rogr.  Qeol.   Siirv.  Cnii.,    187«^187y,  270  (187^) ;  in   Zittel, 

Haixlb.  d.  Palii'ont,  I,  ii,  816,  Fit;.  UOU  (1H8:>). 

Represented  by  a  single  fore-wing  in  perfect  preservation.  It  is  uni- 
formly and  scarcely  infumated,  the  anal  cell  decidedly  fuliginous,  the  ptignux 
also  fuliginous  and  centrally  infuscated ;  as  preserved  on  the  stone  the 
veins  are  pale  and  delicately  edged  with  black  and  accompanied  by  a  very 
narrow  and  delicate  infumated  margin,  especially  in  the  basal  and  lower 
halves  of  the  wing;  the  median  vein  does  not  reach  the  i.iargin  of  the  wing 
next  the  anal  excision,  but  bends  and  runs  in  a  straight  course  to  the  outer 
border ;  the  second  median  cell  has  numerous  brief  shoots  from  the  nerv- 
ures  along  its  lower  and  outer  margins,  and  one  is  found  at  the  middle  of 
the  upper  margin  of  the  second  subcostal  cell,  and  another  below  the  n)id- 
dle  of  the  vein  separating  the  first  and  second  subcostal  cells. 

Length  of  wing,  6™"';  breadth  of  the  «ame  beyond  the  costa,  2.1™"'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  7  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

BEACON  Fabricius. 

Jf  BrACON   LAMINAKUM. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  29. 
Jiracon  laminarum  Scndd.,  niiU.  U.  S.  Oeol.  Geogr.  Snrv.  T«rr.,  IV,  748  (1878). 

A  single  specimen  and  its  reverse  show  a  body  without  wings  or  other 
appendages.  The  head  is  (piadrate,  broader  than  long,  and  nearly  as  broad 
as  the  thorax.  The  thorax  is  subquadrate,  either  extremity  rounded,  about 
half  as  long  again  as  broad,  the  sides  nearly  parallel,  and  the  surface,  like 
that  of  the  head,  miinitely  granulated;  abdomen  fusiform,  very  regular,  in 
the  middle  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax  together, 
tapering  apically  to  a  point,  and  composed  apparently  of  six  segments. 


It 


1 


/^ 


JU 


\ 


M 


1 


HI 


H  YM  ENOPTE  RA— lillACON  1I>^. 


607 


Length  of  body,  2.S""";  of  liead,  O-G""';  of  thorax,  0.85""";  of  abdo- 
men, 1.35""";  breadth  of  head,  l.l"'™;  of  thorax,  1.2"'". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  4196  and  4197  (S.  H. 
Scudder). 

Bbacon  ap. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  33. 

hrmonw.  Soudd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  £„rv.  Can.,  1877-1878,  177B  (1879). 

An  insect  apparently  belonging  to  Bracon  or  a  closely  allied  genus  is 
so  imperfectly  preserved  as  not  to  allow  of  description  ;  both  the  front  wings 
are  very  imperfect ;  the  whole  of  the  body  and  fragments  of  the  legs  are 
preserved. 

The  insect  was  4"'""  long,  and  the  length  of  the  front  wing  about  2.85"'". 
Similkameen  River,  British  Columbia.     One  specimen,  Nos.  69  and  78 
(Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

Bkaconid^  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  18. 

Probably  belonging  to  this  family  is  the  insect  figured  on  PI.  10,  Fig. 
18,  which  represents  a  minute  species  preserved  on  a  partially  lateral,  par- 
tially dorsal  view.  Unfortunately  the  wings  are  nearly  obliterated,  and 
though  the  general  appearance  of  the  insect  is  gained,  it  is  impossible  to 
determine  its  place.  Its  size  and  general  appearance  would  seem  to  indi 
cate  that  it  belongs  here  rather  than  in  the  Iihneumonidse,  and  it  perhaps 
falls  in  the  vicinity  of  Laccophrys  Forst.  and  of  Macrocentrus  Cress. 

Length  of  body,  3™" ;  of  antennae  as  far  as  preserved,  2"" ;  of  oviposi 
tor,  l.S"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen.  No.  130  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard) 

BRACONIUiE    sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  28. 

To  this  family  rather  than  to  the  Ichneumonidae  also  probably  belongs 
the  specimen  figured  in  PI.  10,  Fig.  28,  but  of  which,  the  antennae  and  ovi- 
positor being  the  only  well  preserved  parts,  not  enough  remains  to  indicate 
any  affinities  with  certainty.     Perhaps  it  may  fall  near  Meteorus. 


608 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  UORTU  AMERICA. 


Leiigtli  of  body,  4.r)""" ;  of  (broken)  antennoe,  3"" ;  of  ovipositor  (base 
wnntinjf),  2  5""". 

Green  River,  Wyominfr.     One  specimen.  No.  133  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packanl). 

Family  ICHNEUMONIDvG  Leach. 
ICHNEUMON  Linnd. 
i>f  Ichneumon  petbiniis. 
PI.  6,  Figs.  14,  16. 

Ichneumon  pelriiiui  8cnild.,  Hull.  IT.  S.  Geul.  Geot;!'.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  743  (1877). 

A  fragmentary  specimen,  preserved  on  a  dorsal  aspec'  parts  of  the 
front  wings,  the  thorax,  and  basal  lialf  of  tlie  abdomen  are  preserved.  The 
body  is  blackisli  and  the  wing-veins  testaceous;  the  wing,  excepting  tlie 
fiisco-testaceoiis  stigma,  is  liyalii  e,  covered  sparsely  with  very  delicate  and 
moderately  long  hairs;  the  stigma  is  long  and  slender,  the  heaver  main 
portion  about  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  the  slender  basal 
extension  as  long  again.  Unfortunately,  the  wing  is  preserved  only  as  far 
as,  but  not  including,  the  areola,  so  that  many  characteristic  parts  are  lack- 
ing ;  the  second  median  and  first  subcostal  cells  are  united,  the  vein  separat- 
ing them  being  present  only  below,  where  it  is  directed  parallel  to  the 
principal  longitudinal  veins ;  the  vein  from  which  it  springs  is  bent  at  an 
angle  of  about  70°,  so  that  the  part  representing  the  first  subcostal  cell 
tapers  rather  rapidly  in  its  apical  half,  while  its  basal  half  (if  the  cross-vein 
were  continued)  would  be  of  the  same  size  and  shape  as  the  second  median 
cell,  or  a  parallelogram  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad ;  the  vein  separating 
the  first  and  second  median  cells  is  continued  in  a  nearly  direct  line  below; 
the  third  mediq.n  cell  is  long  and  rather  slender,  with  somewhat  produced 
angles  basally.  The  first  segment  of  the  depressed  abdomen  is  fully  half 
as  long  again  as  broad,  increases  a  little  and  regularly  in  size  toward  the 
extremity,  at  its  base  is  about  half  y  '  broad  as  the  extremity  of  the  thorax, 
and  at  its  tip  less  than  half  as  broad  as  the  broadest  part  of  the  thorax  ;  the 
second  segnient  is  cojisideral)ly  larger,  and  also  enlarges  apically,  but  its 
length  is  indeterminate. 

Length  of  thorax,  2.0™™;  breadth  of  same,  1.5""";  length  of  wing  to 
tip  of  stigma,  4.2.5""";  breadth  of  base  of  abdomen,  O.V"™.  . 

Chagrin  Valley,  White  River,  Colorado.     One  specimen  (W.  Denton), 


mi  .Mi 


llVMKN'UI"rKRA--ICJUNKUMUNII>.l':. 


«0D 


.. 


Tliiii  genuH  of  Ichiitiiuiionidiu  \n  undoubtedly  allied  to  ExyHtoii,  but 
diffoi'H  from  it,  hh  it  does  from  all  members  of  the  family  kiio'vn  to  iiio,  l»y 
the  separation  of  the  first  from  the  second  cubital  cell  by  u  weak  nervuro, 
not  shown  in  the  plate,  which  extends  entirely  across  the  space  usually  left 
open  in  this  family,  though  almost  always  dosed  in  the  HraconidH\  It  is 
also  remarkable  for  th(>  flaring  of  the  apical  cubital  cell.  The  antenna*,  are 
shorter  than  the  bod}'  and  the  abdomen  has  the  basal  joint  comparatively 
stout,  considerably  onlargin<^,  and  the  subapical  joints  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  long. 

•<  IjiTMccroKim  <;ke8honi. 
I'l.  10,  Fi).'.  'Jl. 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  dide  view  in  which  all  the  parts 
but  the  legs  are  preserved,  but  the  wings  are  somewhat  obscured  by  over- 
lapping. Apparently,  the  areola  is  not  closed  externally,  and  the  outer 
cubital  cell  is  opened  unusually  wide,  while  the  radial  cell  is  exceptionally 
deep  for  its  length  ;  the  parts  below  the  areola  are  obscure.  The  antenna^! 
are  moderately  stout,  reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  the  joints 
scarcely  moniliform,  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  thorax  is  compact  oval, 
"^^riie  abdomen  beyond  the  basal  joint  is  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax 
together ;  the  basal  joint  is  more  than  twice  as  broad  apically  as  at  the  base 
and  less  than  twice  its  greatest  breadth.  The  whole  body,  but  especially 
the  thorax,  is  dark  colored. 

Length  of  body,  4™"' ;  of  antennju,  3"'"' ;  of  wing,  3°"". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  131  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard). 


1 


lillYSSA  (Jraveahorst. 
«.  Rhyssa  juvenis. 


JBmg^s.' 


PI.  10,  Fig.  19. 

Although  smaller  than  any  species  I  have  noted,  and  nmch  smaller 

than  most  known  to  me,  I  can  find  no  characters  in  this  single  specimen 

which  do  not  occur  in  Rhyssa,  except  in  the  relative  ])roportion8  of  the  tiio- 

rax  and  abdomen.    The  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view  and  in  a  gen- 

voT,  xFii ;{!» 


610 


TERTIAKY  IN8KUT8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


ernl  wfty  hHowh  cvorytliiiijf  except  tlut  logn ;  but  the  Imsnl  partn  of  the  mnf(n 
lire  olwcured  on  arcoinit  of  their  overlying  the  l>o«ly,  and  give  the  ronminder 
a  foreHhorten(><l  look.  The  untennie  are  tohfraljly  stout,  a  portion  longer  than 
the  large  tiiorax  being  prescrviMl,  with  jointN  a  little  more  than  twice  aH  long 
again  aH  broad.  The  thorax  is  largo,  niaH8iv<>,  arehed,  twice  aH  high  an  the 
hear),  regularly  ovpte,  and  halt' as  long  again  an  high.  The  wings  are  toler- 
ably broad,  and  the  neuration  in  nhnvMrod  by  the  overlying  of  the  wings 
and  the  crumpling  of  Home  of  them  ;  it  hIiowh,  however,  a  h  ""  tirHt  cubital 
cell  separated  from  the  second  by  a  minute  triangular  areola  attached  by 
itH  apex  directly  to  the  radius,  with  uo  intervening  pedicel,  and  containing 
a  brief,  outward  directed,  recurrent  nervule  emitted  from  the  cubital  vein 
slightly  nearer  the  areola  than  the  outer  discoidal  cell.  The  abdomen  is 
very  obscure,  but  is  certainly  very  short — no  longer  than  head  and  abdo- 
men together — and  appears  not  to  be  broailest  apically,  but  only  a  little 
beyond  the  middle ;  but  this  can  not  be  stated  positively.  The  ovipositor 
is  considerably  longer  than  the  body,  stout  and  straight;  it  is  densely 
clothed  with  fine,  short,  rcumbent  hairs  to  its  very  tip. 

Length  of  body,  8""";  of  thorax,  a.3""" ;  of  abdomen,  4""";  height  of 
thorax,  'i.l"'"' ;  length  of  wing,  6.25""";  breadth  of  same,  2.25""";  length  of 
oviposit  .)r,  O™";  breadth  of  same,  0.25"'"'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  129  (Dr.  A.  8.  Packard). 

PIMPLA  Fa))riciu8. 

/j  PjMPLA   8AXEA. 

PI.  3,  Fig.  23. 
I'implaiaxea  ScadU.,  Rep.  Progr.  Ueul.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  268  (1877). 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  presenting  a  shattered 
thorax,  the  first  four  abdominal  segments  viewed  from  above,  and  the  front 
wing.  These  abdominal  segments  are  pi'etty  uniform  and  regular,  rather 
strongly  convex,  pale  testaceous,  with  a  broad,  blackish  fuscous,  basal, 
transverse  band,  occupying  fully  one-third  of  each  segment ;  the  segments 
are  quadrate,  broader  than  long,  an<l  smooth.  'Hie  metathorax  is  pale  tes- 
taceous, and  very  delicately  scabrous.  The  wing  is  uniformly  hyaline,  or 
shows  the  slightest  trace  of  infumation,  especially  at  the  extreme  tip,  and  is 
uniformly  and  rather  sparsely  covered  with  microscopic  liairs,  averaging 


:. 


n  YMBNOPTKR  A-ICHNEUMON  n>ifl. 


rtll 


0.04'""'  in  length  in  tlio  ♦liinl  median  coll,  seatod  upon  little  chitinoiw  nnnuli 
O.OOK"""  in  diameter ;  the  veins  are  black,  and  tlie  banal  part  of  the  Htigma 
Idack,  but  beyond  it  \h  dark  funco-castaneouH ;  die  caHtaneouH  portion  (lying 
beyond  the  tip  of  the  first  median  cell)  in  three  times  as  long  as  broad,  ex- 
tending half-way  down  the  upper  border  of  the  first  subcostal  cell ;  the  third 
costal  cell  is  conjparatively  narrow  at  tip,  and  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  somewhat 
pointed ;  the  vein  separating  the  areola  or  sevjond  subcostal  coll  from  the 
third  costal  cull  is  partially  obliterated,  and  the  areola  is  rather  small,  sub- 
quadrate,  broadest  at  the  open  side ;  there  is  the  slightest  possible  trace  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  vein  separating  the  united  first  subcostal  and 
second  median  cells,  but  the  vein  bordering  the  upper  side  of  the  third 
median  cell  is  perfect  throughout ;  the  vein  separating  tlie  third  and  fourth 
median  cells  is  gently  curved,  subsinuato  and  partially  obliterated  in  tlie 
middle. 

Length  of  fragment  of  body,  5.6'""';  length  of  wing,  8.75""";  breadth 
of  wing  be}  iiid  stigma,  2.9"""';  greatest  width'of  third  costal  cell,  0.35"'"'. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  31  (Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson, 
Geological  Survey  of  Canada).  " 

M     *«'  PiMPLA    SENECTA. 

PI.  3,  Pigs.  29-31. 
Pimpla  teneeta  Scndd.,  Hop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Snrv.  Cnii.,  1875-1876,  26^269  (1877). 

A  single  specimen  and  ics  reverse  show  little  besides  the  greater  part  of 
the  front  wing  and  the  tip  of  the  liind  wing ;  crushed  chitinous  masses  rep- 
resent parts  of  the  abdomen,  and  perhaps  of  the  thorax  ;  the  wing  is  uniformly 
hyaline,  with  the  slightest  possible  trace  of  infumation  next  the  base,  and 
is  profusely  covered  with  tapering  microscopic  hairs,  averaging  0.065'""  in 
length  in  the  third  median  cell,  seated  upon  minute  chitinous  annuli  O.Ol""  in 
diameter ;  the  veins  are  black,  or  toward  the  tip  and  on  the  hind  wing  cas- 
taneous,  and  the  stigma  is  dark  testaceous ;  most  of  the  stigma  is  broken, 
but  enough  remains  to  show  that  it  is  apparently  not  so  broad  as  in  the  other 
species  here  described,  and  it  extends  less  than  half-way  down  the  upper  bor- 
der of  the  first  subcostal  cell ;  apically  the  third  costal  cell  is  comparatively 
broad,  and  the  tip  well  rounded ;  the  vein  separating  the  areola  from  the  third 
costal  cell  is  nearly  obliterated,  and  the  areola  is  rather  small,  and  shaped 
as  in  P.  saxea ;  there  is  no  trace  whatever  of  the  vein  separating  the  united 


i 

I 


612 


TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


first  siibcoattil  and  second  niodisin  cells,  although  the.  vein  above  the  third 
median  cell  is  bent  whore  it  ciiould  join  it,  as  in  the  preceding  species;  the 
same  vein  is  j)artialh'  obliterated  in  the  middle  of  the  jjortion  below  the  first 
subcostal  cell ;  the  vein  separating  the  third  and  fourth  median  cells  is 
strongly  curvetl,  siibsimnite  and  distinct  throughout. 

I^ength  of  wing,  8,4""":  breadth  be\ond  the  stigma,  2.4""";  greatest 
width  of  the  third  cfjstal  cell,  0.4"'"'.     Kormit-a  arcana  lies  on  the  same  stone. 

Quesu'^l,  Hritish  (Columbia.  One  specimen,  Nos.  lo''  and  12  (Dr.  G. 
M.  Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


^  PlMPLA    DEOESSA. 
ri.  3,  Fig.  27. 
Pimpla  dectiia  Soiidil.,  Kep.  Pi->gr.  Ueol.  S.irv.  Cau.,  187i>-ld7<>,  269  (1877). 

The  remains  of  this  insect  consist  of  crushed  thorax  and  abdomen,  nr.d 
the  two  wings  of  one  side  of  the  body,  vsuperimposed ;  upon  the  same  stone, 
at  a  slightly  higher  level,  is  t!ie  specimen  of  Holetina  sepulta.  The  thorax 
and  abdomen  are  entirely  crushed  and  black,  but  the  last  segment  of  the 
latter  bears  the  closest  possible  resemblance  to  the  abdomen  of  the  male  of 
Pimpla  instigator  Fabr.  The  wing  is  uniformly  infumatod,  and  the  margins 
of  the  anal  excision  infuscated ;  it  is  covered  very  profusely  with  short 
microscopic  tapering  hairs,  more  irregularly  distributed  than  in  the  other 
two  species  described,  averaging  in  the  third  median  cell  0.03™"'  in  length, 
and  seated  on  chitinous  aiunili  varying  in  size,  some  being  but  half  as  large 
as  others,  the  larger  ones  measuring  about  O.OO?'""'  in  diameter;  the  veins 
are  black  and  the  large  triangular  stigma  almost  as  dark,  a  little  paler 
toward  either  extremity ;  the  stigma  is  about  twice  as  long  as  broad,  and 
extends  more  than  half-way  down  the  upper  border  of  the  first  subcostal 
cell,  the  vein  being  partially  obliterated  beyond  it ;  the  third  costal  cell  is 
rather  narrov.  apically,  although  the  tip  of  the  wing  is  pretty  well  rounded. 
The  species  may  readily  l»v^  distinguished  from  those  described  above  by  the 
shape  of  the  areola,  which  is  prettx  regularly  (juadrat<>,  twice  as  lo?'.g  as 
l)road,  and  has  the  vein  next  the  third  costal  cell  obliterated  only  at  the 
ends;  there  is  no  trace  of  the  vein  separating  the  united  firsi  subcostal  and 
second  median  «'ells,  and  the  vein  scpanvting  these  cells  from  the  third 
median  cell  is  bent  in  the  middl(%  iind  nearly  obliterated  in  the  middle  half; 


M 


\ 


\' 


HYMENOPTKRA -lOHNEUMONID^. 


313 


the  vein  separating  the  third  and  fourth  median  cells  is  strongly  curved, 
not  at  all  sinuate,  and  slig-htly  indistinct  at  its  upper  extremity. 

Length  of  fragment  of  body,  8.5™'" ;  length  of  wing,  7.7""" ;  breadth  of 
same  beyond  the  stigma,  2.6""" ;  greatest  width  of  third  costal  cell,  0.27"'". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  9*  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

GLYPTA  Gravenhorst. 
•^Glypta  transversalis. 


PI.  10,  Fig.  2.5, 

The  single  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  dorsal  view,  with  the  upper 
right  wing  turned  forward  and  reversed.  The  flaking  of  the  stone  in  front 
has  destroyed  the  antennsB,  no  legs  are  preserved,  and  the  apical  portion  of 
the  abdomen  is  altogether  obscure ;  no  ovipositor  can  be  seen.  The  general 
disposition  of  the  neuration  is  altogether  as  in  all  the  figures  of  Glypta  I 
have  seen,  but  there  are  several  points  in  it  wherein  it  differs  from  all  of 
them.  The  basal  cubital  cell  is  much. less  elongated  than  usual  by  the 
comparatively  slight  extension  of  the  apical  portion  of  the  cell  beneath  the 
stigma,  consequent  upon  the  brevity  of  tlie  basal  portion  of  the  radius ;  the 
basal  discoidal  cell  is  also  unusually  shoii  and  the  cross-vein  separating 
the  middle  and  apical  discoidal  cells  straight  and  not  zigzag.  The  eyes  are 
large  and  promirient,  and  by  the  preservation  of  the  specimen  it  is  evident 
that  they  shared  in  the  considerable  variegation  of  the  body  by  being  of  n 
light  color  with  a  l)asal  dark  annulus,  next  which  the  head  was  again  light, 
with  a  dark  central  portion  relieved  by  a  posterior  transverse  light  belt. 
The  thorax  was  similarly  ornamented,  the  mesothorax  having  dark  sides  and 
a  broad  mesial  light  band  enlarging  posteriorly  and  anteriorly,  but  divided 
by  a  middle  dark  line  which  expands  in  front  and  behind  to  a  stripe.  The 
metathorax  is  mostly  light  with  a  mesial  dai'k  stripe.  The  abdomen  is  light, 
but  with  the  lateral  prominences  at  the  base  of  the  earlier  joints  peculiar  to 
Glypta  (here  transverse  instead  of  obliquely  longitudinal)  of  a  dark  color; 
these  prominences  are  largest  on  the  first  and  second  segments,  where  they 
nearly  touch  in  the  middle,  and  especially  on  the  second  segment,  where 
they  are  twice  as  broad  as  on  the  others,  slightly  oblique,  but  directed 


614 


TBUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOllTH  AMEUICA. 


inward  and  backward  (not  forward)  and  reticulated  as  if  more  or  less  punc- 
tate in  life.     The  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  are  of  about  equal  width. 

Length  of  wing,  4.5""'. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  76  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 


ECLYTUS  Holmgren. 


/K 


CLYTUS    LUTATUS. 


IM.  10,  Fifv.  24. 


The  single  specimen  is  preserved  on  a  side  view,  with  one  wing  droop- 
ing. A  portion  of  the  moderately  stout  autennse  is  preserved,  showing  them 
to  be  at  least  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  and  the  middle  joints  to  be  rather 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  broad.  The  neuration  of  the  wing  is  obscure 
about  and  below  the  region  of  the  areola,  which  appears  to  be  lacking,  the 
direction  of  the  cubital  vein  from  its  extremity  backward  being  toward  the 
a  -gle  of  the  radius  beyond  the  stigma;  before  this  junction  the  cubitus  is 
more  curved  than  represented  on  the  plate  ;  tlie  obscurity  prevailing  in  that 
region  does  not  permit  one  to  see  the  cross-vein  below  the  position  of  the 
areola  with  clearness,  but  there  is  a  faint  indication  of  a  straight  vein  depend- 
ing from  that  point ;  the  separation  of  the  second  discoidal  and  humeral 
cells  is  by  a  straight,  scarcely  oblique  cross-vein  in  direct  continuation  of 
the  vein  above  and  not  shown  on  the  plate.  The  neuration  of  the  hind 
wing  is  exactly  as  in  all  species  of  Eclytils.  The  abdomen  is  evidently 
compressed  laterally,  pediceled  by  the  apically  enlarging  long  first  segment, 
the  remainder  oblong  ovate  on  a  side  vie'v,  most  expanded  beyond  the  mid- 
dle, a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  as  high  ;  ovipositor  scarcely  so  long  as 
the  extreme  height  of  the  abdomen. 

Length  of  body,  3.5""" ;  of  wing,  'i.GS"" ;  cf  ovipositor,  0.65""". 

The  species  apparently  differs  from  those  figured  by  Snellen  van  Vol- 
lenhoven  in  his  Pinacographia  in  that  the  cubital  vein  meets  the  radius  by 
a  union  of  similar  but  reversed  angles. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  36  (Prof.  L.  A.  Lee). 


t 


t 


r 


HYMENOPTERA— MYRMICIDiE. 


615 


t 


Tribe   A.OULEA.TA.  Latreille. 

Family    MYRMICID>C    Lepelletier. 

APH^NOGASTER  Mayr. 

•^Aphanooasteb  long^:va. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  28. 
Aphnnogatter  longara  Soadd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  (ieogr.  Murv.  Cnn.,  1875-1876,  2fi7(1877). 

A  single  very  obscure  and  fragmentary  specimen,  and  its  still  more 
obscure  reverse,  are  the  sole  representatives  of  this  species ;  they  exhibit  a 
crushed  and  confused  mass  of  head,  thorax,  legs,  and  antennae,  and  the  larger 
part  of  a  single  front  wing,  apparently  of  a  male.  The  wing  is  faintly  infumated, 
especially  beyond  the  stigma,  and  the  stigma  itself  is  only  a  little  deeper  in 
tint ;  the  wing  is  also  covered  very  sparsely  with  excessively  delicate  and 
very  short  microscopic  hairs.  The  cubital  vein  forks  beyond  the  discoidal 
cell  by  only  one-thirdthe  width  of  the  latter,  and  both  the  veins  run  to  the 
tip  of  the  wing,  although  very  faintly.  This  cell  is  shaped  exactly  as  in  A. 
berendti  Mayr,  found  in  amber,  and  is  distant  from  the  scapular  vein  by 
only  half  its  width  ;  the  costal  margin  of  the  wing  is  more  convex  beyond 
the  stigma  th;m  in  the  amber  species  mentioned. 

The  base  of  the  wing  is  lost,  but  its  probable  length  is  7™",  and  its 
greatest  breadth  is  2  3"" ;  length  of  stigma,  0.8""". 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  One  specimen,  No.  33  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 

MYRMICA  Latreille. 

Myrmica  sp. 
PI.  10,  Fig.  22. 

Mgrmica  gp.  Soudd.,  Bu'l.  L.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  .Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  748  (1878). 

A  species  of  this  family  was  found  at  Green  River,  but  a  specific  name 
is  withheld  in  the  hope  of  finding  better  material  on  which  to  base  it.  The 
head  is  rather  small,  circular  ;  the  thorax  very  regularly  ovate  and  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  the  peduncle  small  and  composed  of  two  adjoining 


616 


TKRTlAltY   INSKCTS  OK  NOKTII    AMKUICA. 


eii'cular  inaHHes,  the  hinder  slifrhtly  thn  larger ;  tlie  abdomen  is  much 
broker  '>  it  evidently  larj^er  than  the  thorax  and  pretty  plnnii) ;  no  append- 
ages aio  preserved. 

Length  of  body,  ii.3""' ;  diameter  of  head,  0.4""" ;  length  of  thorax, 
12""";  width  of  same,  0.15'"'";  length  of  peduncle,  0.25™™;  diameter  of 
anteri>or  joint  of  same,  0.1™™;  width  of  abdomen,  0.85™™;  its  probable 
length,  1.8™™. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  No.  53  (F.  i).  A.  Rich- 
ardson). 

Family  FORMIClD>E  Stephens. 

HYPOCLINEA  Mayr. 

(IjJ^HyPOCUNEA    OBLITKRATA. 
Fl.  3,  Figs.  25,  26. 
Hypnclinea  obliterala  Scudd.,  Rop.  Progr.  Oeol.  Ceogr.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-187fi,  267  (1877). 

There  are  two  specimens  to  be  referred  to  Hypoclinia,  and  both  are 
very  fragmentary.  One  (No.  8)  consists  of  the  partial  remains  of  the  wings 
of  one  side  overlapping;  the  other  (No.  14)  of  similar  remains,  but  so  faintly 
impressed  on  the  stone  that  some  of  the  veins  can  not  be  traced  at  all,  and 
since  in  all  essential  features  it  agrees  with  the  njore  distinct  fragments,  I 
have  considered  it  as  belonging  to  the  same  species,  although  it  is  of  slightly 
greater  size. 

The  essential  portions  of  the  fore  wing  remain,  showing  the  neuration 
to  be  that  of  Hypoclinia;  the  second  cubital  cell  is  triangular,  and  the  vein 
which  marks  its  outer  limit  arises  from  the  uj)per  branch  of  the  cubital  vein 
a  little  beyond  the  cross- vein  depending  from  the  stigma  ;  the  discoidal  cell 
is  of  about  the  same  size  as  the  second  cubital  cell,  and  is  subquadrate,  the 
vein  marking  its  outer  margin  a  little  curved,  and  the  apex  of  the  cell  itself 
separated  by  but  a  short  space  from  the  base  of  the  second  cubital  cell. 
The  scapular  vein  is  more  darkly  colored  than  the  others,  and  a  faint  fuligi- 
nous cloud  appears  to  surround  the  rather  dark  stigma. 

Length  of  fragment  of  wing,  5™"  ;  distance  from  base  of  wing  to  tip  of 
stigma,  4™™. 

Quesnel,  British  Columbia.  Two  specimens,  Nos.  8,  14  (Dr.  Gr.  M. 
Dawson,  Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


II 


HYMENOl'TKRA— KOKMlClD.i:. 


617 


H 


I 


LIOME'IOI'UM  Mayr. 

•^  LlOMETOPUM    PINOUE. 
PI.  5,  Fig.  10. 

Uoimtopiim pingiie  Sciidi'..,  Bull.  II.  S.  fieol.  Ooogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  742-74:5  (1877). 

The  single  specimen  representing'  this  species  is  a  male,  as  tlie  number 

of  abdominal  segments  show  ;  but  the  wings  are  lacking.     The  insect  is 

viewed  from  above.     The  head  and  thorax  are  slightly  darker  than  the 

abdomen,  but  otherwise  the  whole  body  is  u.iiformly  fuscous,  somewhat 

darker  than   the   stone.     The   head  is  very  small,  subqtiadrate,  slightly 

broader  behind,  and  the  posterior  angles  nearly  rectangular ;  the  anterior 

margin  of  the  head  is  broadly  and  pretty  regularly  rounded,  and  the  whole 

head  is  of  about  equal  length  and  breadth.     The  thorax  is  very  regularly 

ovate,  broadest  next  the  insertion  of  the  front  wings  (traces  of  the  origin  of 

which  can  be  seen),  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad,  rapidly  tapering  on  the 

metathorax.     The  peduncle,  as  seen  from  above,  is  square,  half  as  broad  as 

the  head,  the  hinder  edge  showing  by  its  thickening  that  it  was  probably 

elevated  at  this  point.     The  abdomen  is  plump,  rounded  ovate,  scarcely  less 

rounded  posteriorly  than  in   front,  only  one  (juarter  longer  than  broad, 

broader  than  the  thorax,  composed  of  six  segments,  of  which  the  first,  third, 

and  fourth  are  about  equal  in  length,  and  the  second  half  as  long  again. 

Length  of  whole  body,  7.5""" ;  of  thorax,  'A""" ;  breadth  of  same,  1 .8"""' ; 
of  peduncle,  0.9™"';  of  al)domen,  2.^"""';  length  of  hind  femora,  4.;}"'"'; 
breadth  of  same,  0.30""". 

On  account  of  the  smalln'jss  of  the  head,  I  venture  to  place  this  insect 
in  the  genus  Liometopum.  It  has  the  aspect  of  a  Hypoclinea,  but  the  head 
is  only  half  as  broad  as  the  thorax. 

Fossil  Canon,  White  River,  Utah.     One  specimen.     (W.  Denton.) 

A  specimen  from  Green  iiiver,  of  i)recisely  the  same  si^se  and  general 
appearance  and  pretty  certainly  belonging  to  the  same  species,  is  also  wing- 
less and  has  no  legs  preserved,  but  the  thorax  is  rather  profusely  clothed 
with  exceedingly  delicate  very  short  hairs. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.     One  specimen,  No.  2()2  (Dr.  A.  S.  Packard), 


o 


618 


TEUTIARV  INSKCT8  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


k 


FORMICA  Linnd 
"'^Formica  arcana. 
PI.  3,  Fig.  24. 
Formica  arcana  Soiidd.,  Rep.  Progr.  Geol.  Surv.  Can.,  1875-1876,  a66-267  (1877). 

A  single  fragment  of  a  wing,  exhibiting,  liowever,  all  the  important 
parts  of  the  neuration,  is  to  be  referred  to  the  genn.s  Formica  (s  str.) 
Pimpla  senecta  lies  on  the  same  stone.  The  discoidal  cell  is  of  medium 
size,  siibquadrate,  a  little  broader  below  than  above;  the  single  closed 
cubital  cell  is  about  three  times  as  long  as  the  discoidal  cell,  being  a  little 
produced  (to  considerably  less  than  a  right  angle)  at  the  tip,  where  the 
transverse  vein,  coming  obliquely  from  the  stigma,  strikes  the  cubital  vein 
exactly  where  it  branches,  forming  a  minute  stigma,  from  which  four  veins 
radiate  almost  symmetrically;  the  wing  is  of  a  uniform,  faint  fuliginous 
color,  the  stigma  of  medium  size,  darkest  along  its  lowest  border,  and  all 
the  veins  dark,  the  scapular  vein  even  black,  and  margined  on  its  apical 
half  with  testaceous. 

The  wing  is  3"""  in  width,  from  the  anal  emargination  to  the  base  of. 
the  stigma,  and  the  tip  of  the  basal  internomedian  cell  is  4.25™"  distant  from 
the  apex  of  the  closed  cubital  cell,  making  it  probable  that  the  entire  length 
of  the  wing  was  nearly  12""°. 

Quesnel,  British  Colunil)ia.     One  specimen.  No.  10"  (Dr.  G.  M.  Daw- 
son, Geological  Survey  of  Canada). 


LASIUS   Fabricius. 

Lashis  tkrreus. 

PI.  10,  Fig.  23. 

Lasiiia  trrirua  Scudd.,  BuU.  IT.  S.  Geo).  Oeogr.  Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  747-748  (1878). 

A  single  speciimen  obtainod  by  Dr.  Hayden  at  the  "  Petrified  Fish  Cut," 
Green  River  (alluded  to  in  his  i-un  Pictures  of  Rocky  Mountain  Scenery, 
page  98),  is  probaljly  to  be  referred  to  this  genus,  but  is  in  rather  a  poor 
state  of  preservation.  The  head  is  small  and  rounded,  with  antennae  shaped 
as  in  Lasius,  but  of  which  the  number  and  relative  length  of  the  joints  can 
not  be  determined  from  their  obscurity  ;  the  long  basal  joint,  however,  ap- 
pears to  be  comparatively  short  and  uniform  in  size,  being  not  quite  so  long 
as  the  width  of  the  head,  while  the  rest  of  the  antenna'  is  more  than  half  as 


HYMENOPTERA—FOBMIOIDu^E. 


619 


long  as  the  basal  joint,  and  thickens  very  slightly  toward  the  apex.  The 
thorax,  preserved  so  as  to  show  more  of  a  dorsal  than  a  lateral  view,  is  com- 
pact, oval,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  broad,  with  no  deep  separation  visible 
between  the  meso-  and  metathorax,  tapering  a  little  posteriorly.  'I^he  pe- 
duncle, as  preserved,  is  a  minute  circular  joint,  but  from  its  discoloration 
appears  to  have  had  a  regular,  rounded,  posterior  eminence.  The  abdomen 
consists  of  five  joints,  is  very  short  oval,  very  compact  and  regular,  and  of 
about  the  size  of  the  thorax,  although  rounder.  The  legs  are  long  and 
slender,  the  femora  of  equal  size  throughout,  and  aii^he  pairs  similar.  There 
is  no  sign  of  wings,  and  the  specimen  is  probably  a  neuter. 

Length  of  body,  7.5""' ;  of  head,  1.4""" ;  of  thorax,  3.2""  ;  of  abdomen, 
2.9""" ;  breadth  of  head,  1.1"" ;  o^  thorax,  1.9""  ;  of  abdomen,  2.2""  ;  diam- 
eter of  peduncle,  0.55"";  length  of  first  joint  of  antenna?,  1"'";  of  rest  of 
antennae,  1.65""  I. 

Green  River,  Wyoming.    One  specimen,  No.  14692  (Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden). 

CAMPONOTUS  Mayr. 
i^Camponotus  vetus. 
PI.  5,  Figs.  1,  2. 
Camponotiit  retu$  Sciidd.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geogr.  Siirv.  Terr.,  Ill,  742  (1877). 

A  single  specimen,  very  fairly  preserved,  lying  upon  the  side ;  a  rem- 
nant of  one  wing  is  left,  and  a  faint  indication  of  the  antenna;,  but  the  legs 
are  wanting.  The  head  has  a  flat  summit,  the  upper  half  of  the  aides  roundly 
protuberant,  the  lower  half  rather  broad,  and  tapering  but  little ;  the  thorax 
is  long  and  moderately  slender,  compacted  into  a  single  mass,  with  a  low 
arch,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  liigh.  The  first  segment  of  the  abdomen 
increases  rapidly  in  size  posteriorly,  and  has  a  rounded  knob  above  at  its 
hinder  end ;  the  abdomen  is  long  and  slender,  composed  of  five  joints,  the 
second  the  largest,  gradually  tapering  to  the  pointed  tip.  It  seems  to  agree 
better  with  Camponotus  than  with  any  other  genus,  but  has  a  differently 
shaped  head  and  first  abdominal  joint,  and  is  smaller  than  tlie  species  of  that 
genus,  so  that  it  is  only  placed  liere  provisionally  until  other  and  better 
specimens  are  obtained. 

Length  of  body,  3.75"";  of  thorax,  1.15"";  of  abdomen,  2"". 

White  River,  near  the  Colorado-Utah  boundary.  One  specimen  (W. 
Denton). 


i 


620 


TKKTIAIIV  INSI'UrrS  OF  NOKTIl  AMEUIOA. 


Family  SPHEGID^  Westwood. 
DIDINEIS  Wesmael. 

DiDINEIS   80LIDE8CEN8. 

PI.  i(>,  Fig.  m. 

The  body  of  the  single  specimen  known  is  preserved  on  a  side  view 
but  partially  dorsal,  and  though  the  antenna;  and  legs  are  destroyed,  the 
wings  are  tolerably  well  preserved.  There  is,  however,  no  sign  of  any  spine 
on  the  sides  of  the  metanotum,  the  thorax  hero  appearing  to  be  well  rounded ; 
nor  would  the  abdomen  apj)ear  to  l)e  so  closely  narrowed  at  the  base  as  in 
Didint.is.  The  neuratiou  of  the  wings  agrees  very  closely  with  that  of 
Didineis  lunicornis  Fabr.  sp.,  (except  in  the  very  nnich  larger  size  and  sub- 
triangular  shape  of  the  marginal  cell,  the  width  of  which  is  nearly  one-third 
that  of  the  wing.  The  middle  discoidal  cell  also  is  remarkable  for  its  ex- 
treme length,  being  at  least  three  times  as  long  as  its  basal  breadth.  The 
body  is  not  very  darkly  colored  on  the  stone,  being  of  a  rather  pale  testa- 
ceous tint,  but  the  apical  half  or  less  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  paler 
than  the  rest. 

Length  of  body,  7""" ;  of  wing,  5.25""". 

Green  River,  Wyoming.  One  specimen,  Nos.  132  and  263  (Dr.  A.  S. 
Packard). 


LIST  OF   SPECIES. 


KsmtmrnmiisauMJuMSmiii^^  -^^tmaegmiKsmm 


022 


TEUTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMEKIOA. 


8YHTKMATIC  LI8T  OK  TIIR  SpKGIKH  DKHOKIBKn  IN  TIIK  PRESENT  WoRK,  WITH  REFERENCE  TO  THE 
PI.ACKS  WIIEIIK  TllKV  ARE  nKHCRIIIKD  AND  FlOUHRII  AND  THE  LOCAUTIES  ANIl  HORIZONS  AT 
WHICH   TllKY    AIIK    Kol'ND. 

'I'liu  folldwiiiKitlibniviatiuMH  nro  lined  in  theliwt  twoooliimnHof  localities:  Q.  =  Qnesuol ;  8.  =  Ulinil- 
l(iiiii(!on  River;  M.  =  Ninn-Mile  Crcok;  N.  =  Nicoli»;  C.C.  =  Crow  (Jreek, Colo. ;  H. C.  =  Horso Creek, 
Wyo, ;  T.  C.  =  Twin  Cr«ek,  Wyo. ;  8.  O.  =  Sciirboro,  Ontario ;  1'.  K.  =  Port  Kennedy,  Po. 


Systenintic  list  of  nprcivH. 


10 
11 
li 
13 
14 

15 
16 


17 

18 
19 

ao 


(ironiiM,  K*«>iira,  nnd  RpouiuH. 


MTRIAPODA. 

luliiH  tnlliiHter 

ARACHNIDBS. 

ACARINA. 
1  xodtsH  torti  itri  nn 

AKANEIDKS. 

SALTiaRAIt.l:. 

Attides. 

I'arnttus  resiirrectuH 

Paruttus  evocatus 

Parattus  latitatuH 

Laterksrad.i-:. 

Tlwmisides. 

TbomisuH  resntus 

TlioniisnH  disJnnctuB 

Thomlsus  defossns 

TUBITEI.ARI^;. 

Djitderidea. 
Segostria  sccessa 

Draasides. 

Clubiona  oversa 

Chibioua  arcana 

CInbiona  latebrosa 

Clubiona  ostentata 

AnyphiBDa  interita 

Jgahiiidei. 

TitaniEoa  ingonua 

Titanwca  hesterna 

RKTITELAItl.K. 

Therididea. 

Aranoa  cnhimbiu^ 

Theridium  opertannuni 

Theridinm  sechiBum 

Linyphia  retensa 


I'uKc.i 


44 


47 


Gl 


71 

7;t 

74 

7ri 


Localities  where  f'onnd. 

(ieologiuul 
horizon. 

Plate  and 
ll^nro. 

a 

|2 

Eh 
/- .. 

X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 

X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 

X 

X 
X 
X 
X 

> 

r 

X 
X 

i 

> 

s 

'■  British    Co- 
Inmbia. 

h 

O 

6:  15 

Oligocene.... 
Oligoceuo.... 

Oligocene.... 
....do 

U:  12 

11:  !26 

....do.. 

U:  13 

Oligocene....  1 

11:    9 

...... 

11:  23 

....do 

11:  as 

Oligocene 

Oligocene — 
....do 

11:  22 

11:  4 



11:  18 

....do 

11:  24 

....do 

11:  5 

....do 

11:  29,32 

Oligocene — 
....do 

2:  1,2 
11:  3 

X 

"" 

Q. 

Oligoceuo — 
....do 

11:  20 

.... 

11:  25,27 

....do 

TABLES— AUACUNIDEa. 


623 


niHTRIB(TTION   DP  TIIR  HPBCIKIt  WITH   WHICR  TilRY  AIIK  COMPAHRII, 

III  tlin  colnmiiM  giving  Degrtto  of  Relatioiinlilp  the  rollowiiig  luurkH  nrx  iisnil :  ! !  :^  very  uloae ;  !  —  ulogo; 
"  =  Koneral;  t  =  iliHtaut ;  f  =  poHHililu. 


f 


FuiiHil  i*|ifcieH. 


Existing  8|H!oie8. 


2§ 


Niiiiiit  of  NpriMrH.         WIkti;  rmiiiil.      Horizuii.    .£  s 


C.  tomentosa  K.  &  B. . . 
C.8ericea,C.lanataK.-B, 
C.  attennata  K.  &  B... 
C.  microphthalmaK.-B. 


T.  grannlatum  K.  &.  B . . 

T.  hirtum  K.  &  B 

h.  oheiracantha  K.  &■  B. 


Baltic  amber. 

....do 

....do 

do 


Baltic  amber. 

....do 

....do 


Ligarian . 
...do.... 
...do.... 
....do  .... 


Ligurian . 
...do  .... 
...do  .... 


NUIIIU  of  H|M)Ci>]M. 


Wliiin:  living. 


S.geDoculata(Linn,) 


T.qaadriguttata(  H. ) 
....do 


Enrope. 


Earope 
...do.. 


10 
11 
I'i 

i:i 

14 

15 
IG 


17 
18 
19 
20 


(524 


TKUTlAifY   IXHKOIS  OF  NOia'II  AMI-iUIOA. 


SYHTKMATU'   LIHT  UK   TIIK   rtl'KCIKH   UKHCKIIIKII   in   TIIK    I'llKKK.NT   Wdlth,  K'll'.— t'l)llthlll»ll. 


HycteiiiiitUi  liHt  of  iipiioieH. 


Qi'()U|m,  K"ii<'>'i>i  itiiil  Hpocu'M. 


OlIIHTKI.AIII.I:. 

h'liiir\(lm. 

1  'r<!tni);iiatliii  Itatiiiriii 

2  TiitliiiKUH  tfiiyoti 

:i  TrIliiiriiH  oliiliinitiiM 

•I  'rolliiitiiiH  lii'iit/.ii 

Ti  'riilliiicim  piovectiK* 

(>  K|MMia  iiivvkii 

7  I  Kpeira  uliHcoiulita 

8  '  Kpi'ira  (li<lita 

0  \  KptMia  cinuriictu 

10    Epuirii  viilcauulU 

U     Kpnirii  utnertoni 

lii    KpxirilNp 

i:i    Kpvirngp 

14  j  Kpeirii  hji 

ir>  I  Nepliilii  piMiiiiilipivi 

NBUROPTBRA. 
THY8ANIIRA. 
j  IUllostoma. 

16  I  PIaii"<c'plialii«  aNolloiilrg.. 

I,EriSMATli)/i:. 

17  Lepi8ii:a  platyiiiura 

TKRMITINA. 

18  {  ParotermeH  iiiHignis 

19  ParotermeH  liagrnM 

20  raii)toriii<!H  fodiiuf 

21  Hodotcrmeii  cdloradpiiitis.. 

22  Kutvriiicg  t'v.ssariiin 

2H  ■  Eutcrnics  iiu'adii 

I'SOCINA. 
24    ParopBocus  (lisjunctus 

EPHEMERID.K. 

'Xy    Epheiuvra  tabiflca 

2(5    Kiilieiiiera  immobilU 

27  Kphniiiera  iiiaci  lout  a 

28  Ephemera  piimico8a 

29  Ephemera  internmpta 

30  \  Ephemera  exHiicca 


Page.i  '■''""  ""'' 

»    I      IlKiire 


77 
78 
79 
HO 

81 

h:i 

84 

85 
85 

m 

87 
88 
89 
89 
89 


94 

102 

108 
110 
112 
113 
115 
115 

118 


120 
121 
122 


Looalitlea  wliem  fotinil. 


II:  II  I 
11:  8,10  I 
II:  :il 
II:  14 
II:  21 
II;  2, 17 
U:  7 
II:  (i 
11:  l(i 


11:  15.19 
11:     1 


11:  12 

Figg.lntext 
12:  18 

12:  13,14 

12:    2 

12:  3,22 

12:    6 

12:  20 

12:  12,17 

5:  51 


12:    5 
12:  4,10 

122  12:  7,15,10 

123  j 

184  I  12:    9 


ii 


1 1 


-I 

X  a 


Ui!iil<i}(l(:al 
hiirljEon. 


Oliguvuiio. 

.....lo 

....«li> 

,...ilo 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


Oligocoue . 
Oligocene . 

Oligoceue . 

....do 

....do 

....do 

...do 

....do 


Oligoceue  (f) 

Oligooene 

....do 

....do 

...do 

....do 

....do 


TABLES— NEUKOPTKUA.  825 

DiHTRinunoN  or  thb  Hprcibh  with  which  Thrv  ark  Comparrp— CoDtiiiiioil. 


Fomil  iipeoia*. 

Exiating  apeitlM. 

'J 

Nanio  orapvcioa, 

Whor«  found. 

Horizon. 

It 

t 

Nanio  of  Hp<-vi<'N. 

Wlioru  Ilvin;;. 

T.  grnllatiir  Hent/.. 

Euat.  U.  M. 

1 

9 

1 

■) 

/ 

4 

E. troaohelU Bertk  .... 

Rot* 

Aqultnnlan. 

n 

7 

H 

w 

to 

n 

1? 

ri 

11 

o 

N.  ]ilnnil])08Kocli..    Smith.  V.H. 

Vt 

in 

17 

1H 

■  ■ ' 

1 

10 

vn 

c 

H.  insignia,  itpectabiliH. 

Onniugen 

Tortoninn 

VI 

'f 

9\ 

V4 

w 

w 

97 

w 

w 

.... 

1 

:«) 

VOL  XIII 40 


626  TKRTIiRY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

SrSTKMATIC  LibT  OF  TUB   SPEClhS  DKSCKIDEI)  IN  THE   PitEHENT  WoRK,    ETC.— ContiuUfll. 


SyHtoinntio  list  of  specicH. 


tJiroiiiiH,  genera,  nu'I  gpvcicB, 


I 


1 
2 

:i 
4 

i'l 
(> 

7 
H 
!) 

10 
11 
12 

13 


14 
If) 

ir. 

17 

18 
19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

26 
27 


28 
29 
30 


ODONATA. 

AilKIONINA 

Dy»aj;iioii  fredeiicii  .... 

Dy gagrion  lakcsi  i 

DyHagrioii  pai'kardii 
Fodaj^rioii  abortiviiin 
Lithagriou  hyulinuin 
Litliagrion  iimbratnm 

. Agrion  niascoscenB 

Afrrion  exRiilaris 

iigrion  telliirU 

yGscnNiNA. 

iH^schna  solida 

JEtichoa  Ruparnta 

^iichni.  larvata 

LlBELLl'LINA. 

Llbelliilaop 

PLANIPENNIA. 

SlAI.INA. 

Corydalites  fecundiim 

Raphidia  t  ranqnilla 

Inocellia  velera.ia 

Inocellin  Bomiiolonta 

Inocellia  tnniiilata 

Inocellia  erenta 

Hemkkodina, 

OBiiiyliiH  I  quietus. 

BolbroinicroiiiiiB  Incbbuii 

Palii'ochrysa  sti  icta 

Tribocbrysa  vctiiHviila 

Tribncbrysa  iniMjnuIiH 

Tribocbrysa  llriin'.in 

PAKonPli>,E. 

Holcorpa  maculosa 

Panorpa  ri;;ida 

TRiCHOPTERA. 

Hyduopsychiu^ 

Hydiopsycbe  operta 

Hydropsyche  niarcens 

Polycentropus  exesus 


i 


t 


I 


TABLES— NEUKOPTERA. 

D18TBIBCTION  OF  THE  8PECIB8  WITH  WHICH  THEY  AKE  CoMPAEEi>  -Continued. 


627 


rm 


Fosoil  species. 

Existing  species. 

n 

Name  of  apeoies. 

Where  fonnd. 

Degree  of 
relationship. 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

.... 

1 

.... 

.... 

0 

P.  macropns  Selys       /eno/.uela 

*  "  •  " 

.... 

.... 

•  "  "  " 

n 

iE.constrictaSay.. 
iE.  Janata  Say 

Northern  U.  8  . 
New  England.. 

.... 

11 

•■** 

t 

Corydalnscornntns. 

Northern  II.  8 . 

.... 

"*■  ■ 

.  >•  • 

.  .  -  - 

.  •  •  • 

t 

0.  pictns  Hagen 

Baltic  amber. 

.... 

.... 

.  .  •  • 

.... 

.... 

... 

■  •  • 

... 



1 

2 
3 
4 
5 

r> 

7 
H 
<J 

10 
11 
12 

13 


14 

15 
16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

26 
27 


28 
29 
30 


«  i 


f 


628  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTU  AMERICA. 

Systkmatic  List  ok  tiir  Speciks  Df.sckiiikii  in  teie  Piirsent  Wohk,  ktc— Coutiniu'd. 


Synteiiiatio  list  of  specicH. 

LooalitieH  where  found. 

Goolofrical 
liunzuu. 

Groaps,  genera,  and  specieH. 

PORO. 

Plate  and 

UgtITO. 

a 

> 

Is 

"a 

■S  a 

s 

h 

.a 
O 

1 

HvnuopsYciiiD*;— C'nM. 

182 

m 

1^3 
184 

184 
1*5 
1*) 
186 
186 
187 
188 
189 
189 
190 

191 
192 

193 
194 

196 
197 
199 

205 
206 
207 
208 
209 
211 
212 
213 
214 
214 
214 

216 

13:  7 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 

X 

Oligoceno  . . . 
do 

'f 

Dcrobrocliiis  abHtriictiiR 

3 



do 

4 

Dorobrochiis  fotenuis  . 

do 

r, 

Derobrochus  coinnioratus  .         ..... 

...do 

6 

15:    2 

15;  6,16 

13: 13; 15:4 

15:  10 

15:     1,3 

15:  11 

15:  13 

15:  14 

15:    9 

16:  15 

do 

7 

Derolirocliiis  friijesceBS  ... 

.    do 

H 

do 

9 

Ijitobrochiis  ext6riiHtu8 .....     ... 

do 

10 

do    .     .. 

11 

MeBobrocbiiH  IcthiiMis  ....... 

do 

19 

do 

n 

PaliidiceDii eriiDtionis  ...... 

do 

14 

Tiuodes  paliidigena . 

do 

15 

Leptocerida. 

Oligocene 

do 

16 

17 

LlMNOPHIUl>/E. 
LimiioDliiliid  HonorntuH.. . ... 

15:    5 
4:    4 

13:    3 
13:    5 
13:    2 

16:3.  .MI,»,>3 

16:     1 

16:  2,6,20 

16:  10,17 

16:15,18,21 

16:  14 

16:  12 

16:  19 

16:  24 

16:    7 

16:9,13,16 

6:  25 

Oligocene 

Oligocene 

do 

18 

H.C. 

19 

PlIRYGANID/*:. 

X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

VO 

'^1 

Limnopsycbe  tlisporsii  ....         ... 

do 

W 

ORTHOPTERA. 

Fohkicularia;. 

Oligoceno 

do. 

V3 

LuliMluroiiiiiiu  boriiimiHi  . 

V4 

....do 

'r> 

L'-ibithirotiiniii  coiiuiiixtniii             .  . 

do  . 

w 

Liibiiliironiinn  tertittriiiin 

do  ..  . 

'n 

....do 

V8 

LiibuliironiiiiaexHiilatnin 

do 

w 

30 

Liibiriirf>niiiia  np 

do  . 

31 

....do 

32 

Labidnrnninia  labeiiH 

.    do  . 

33 

BLA'ITAHI^. 

Paralatlndiu  Haussiirei 

X 



Oligocene 

TABLES-OETHOPTEIIA.  629 

Distribution  of  thk  Spkciks  with  which  They  akr  Compared— ContinnwI. 


i 


Fossil  spooies. 

Existing  sponioH. 

u 

Name  of  species. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

n 

Name  of  species. 

VVbere  living. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

.I 

r> 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

Kt 

14 

15 

Hi 

17 

.... 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

,24 

a.'i 

20 

27 

2H 

1 

ISi) 

\ 

:io 

1 

31 

:« 

:t:t 

!,■■ 


(530  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Systematic  List  ok  tiik  Sfbciks  Dkbckibku  ik  tub  Pkrsknt  Work,  etc.— Continued. 


Syatomatic  list  of  h]ioc!o8. 


Groups,  genera,  aiidspecieH. 


10 

11 

12 
13 

14 
15 

16 
17 
18 


19 


80 
21 
22 
23 
24 


Blattaki  a;— Continued. 

Z(!tobora  brunnori 

HomcBOgamiu  ventriosu 

Phasmiua. 
Agatlienieru  red  nsa 

ACKIDII. 

Trujcalida: 

Tyrbula  umltiHpimmu 

Tyrbula  riisselli 

OouipboceruM  abstrusus 

Uidijwdiilw. 

Nauthacia  torpida 

CEilipoda  pmsfocata 

Tapbacris  rcliquata 

LocusTAiii.i:. 

PhyllophorUlw. 
Litbymuetes  gnttatus 

PseuduphijUUht. 
Cymatoinera  maculata ^ 

Conocei)haUdai. 

Orcbelimuin  placidum 

Locusta  sileus 

Gryllaatidido!. 

Gryllacris  cineris 

Locustariu!  sp 

GRYL1.IDE8. 

Proneniobius  indnratus 

ProiieuiobiusturtiariuH 

Proneniobius  Hiiiitbii 

HEMIPTERA. 
HOMOPTERA. 
CocciDj!:. 

Monopblebus  simplex 

Aphides. 

Aphidinm. 

Cataneara  absuns 

Cataueura  riloy  i 

Arcbilaubnus  pennatus 

ArchilacbnuN  luudgei 

Gerancon  darisii 


Page. 


217 
218 

21!) 


221 
222 
!?23 

224 
225 
226 


229 

2.10 

231 
232 

233 
234 

235 
235 
236 


242 


245 
245 
247 
247 

248 


Plate  and 
figure. 


'M 


17:  12 

17:    8 

17:  11 


17:  13 

17:  1-4 

17:  0 


17:  5 
12:  8,19 


17:  14,15 

17:  7 

17:  16,18,19 
17:  9,10 

17:  17 


6:  18 
6:  13,21,23 
6:  22 


18:  1,15-17 


Localities  wbere  found. 


£ 


Geological 
horizon. 


Oligoceue. 
...do 


Oligocene. 


Oligooene. 

...do 

...do 


Oligocene . 

...do 

...do 


Oligoceue . 

Oligocene. 

Oligocene. 
...do 


Oligocene. 
....do 


Oligocene. 

....do 

....do 


Oligocene. 


Oligocene. 

....do 

...do 

...do 

...do 


%  [> 


«:i 


a  «e 


ISM 


TABLES— HEMIPTB3A.  631 

DISTRIBUTION  OK  THB  8l'ECIE8  WITH  WHICH  THEY  AKE  COMPAKED-OOQtinUed. 


FoBHil  gpeoies. 


c  O 

Mrs 


** 


Name  of  species. 


Wliero  found. 


Horizon. 


Existing  species. 


E  O 


Name  of  species. 


Where  living. 


3% 


o      M.  pennatns  O.  &  B . .  -  Baltic  amber 


O.concinnum  Scudd 
L.ocoidentalis  Thoui 


Nortbem  U.  S  . 
Califoruia..... 


•  * 


Lignrian  . 


4 

5 
G 

7 
8 
'J 


to 

11 

13 
13 

14 
15 

16 
17 

18 


19 


20 
.n 
.22 
.  !2;j 

.  I  24 


,    : 


! 


- 


1 


■H 


632  TKKTIAHY  INSKCTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

SvsTKMATic  List  op  tiik  Species  De.sciiibed  is  the  I'kksent  Work,  kto.— Continued. 


1 
:i 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

2U 

31 

2i 
21 
21 
25 
23 
27 

28 
29 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


Syatcniutio  list  of  gpecieH. 


Oroups,genera,  and  species. 


I'age. 


Aphidimv—ContW 

Goraucou  petroruiu 

Sbenupliis  qtiesDuli , 

Sl)enaplii8  iihleri 

SUenapbis  lossa 

Aplmntaphis  ezsuca 

Siplionophoroi-'es  untiqua 

SiphonoplioruiUuH  riifiuesciuei  . 

SiphouDplioioidcH  i>rupii)qiia 

LitliaphJH  (liriita 

TeplirapliU  simplex 

Tuplirnpliis  walsUii 

Aphidopsis  Miibterna 

Apbidopsis  liarfreri , 

Apbidopaia  lutaria 

Apbidopsis  luurgaruin 

Aphidopais  dalli , 

Apbidopsis  eruaciata 

Apbidopsissp , 

Orj'ctapbis  n-condita , 

Oryctapbis  lesiieiirii 

Syuliriobrockus  revi  vvscens 

Svhi:oneii  linw. 

Scbizoueuroides  scudderi 

Aiuiilaucou  lutosus 

Auvduatus  dorsuosus 

Aiicuiiatiis  biiclitoiii 

Pterostigiiia  recur vum 

Pteroittigma  uigriim 

PsYLUD-t;. 

Necropsy  11a  rigida 

Catopsylla  prima 

FULGOIIINA. 

Fulijorida. 

Ny ctopby lax  ubleri 

Nyclophylax  vigil.. 

Apbuiia  ntava 

Apbnna  rotiiudipeiiuis 

Lyxtra  ricbardsoiii 

Lystra  leei 


249 
250 

a.-.2 

253 
254 
255 

257 
258 
259 
2110 
261 
262 
263 
264 
264 
265 
266 
266 
267 
268 

269 
270 
272 
272 
274 
275 

276 

277 


279 
280 
281 
282 
28:5 
283 


2:  6 
2:4,5;18:12 


Plate  and 

figarc. 


18:  3,5,7,10 


18:  4 
1-:  19 


18:    8 


18:  11 
18:  14 


18:    6 

18:    2 
18:  13 

18:    9 


18:  18 


12:  11,21 


19:  II 

19:    8 

.■>;  9(i,97 

6:  27 

C:8<,  30,31,7:1,3 

7:    2 


a 

o 


Localities  where  found. 


a^ 


xf 


6 

S  a 

•c 
n 


Q 
Q 


i  I 


Oeological 
horizon. 


Oligoceue 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

....do 

....do 

...do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


'> 


.do. 
.do. 


Oligocene... 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


«    . 


Oligocene. 
....do 


Oligouene 

...do 

Oligocmiii  (f). 

Oligocene 

...do 

...do 


I 


X&.. 


TABLES— HEMIPTBBA.  633 

DiSTHIBUTION  OF  THK  SPRCIKS  WITH  WHICH  THKY  AKR  COMPARED— CoDtinOed. 


i  I 


i  > 


t  , 


i  I 


Fossil  species. 

Existing  species. 

-2 

Name  of  species. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

II 

^1 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 
2 
•3 
4 

I 

I 

i 

C 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
IG 
17 
18 
1!) 
20 
21 

28 
23 
24 

2.-> 
26 
27 

2a 

29 

30 
31 
.32 
33 
34 
3R 

. 

.... 

.... 

.... 

1 

1 

1 

— 

1 

1i 

i  i 

i  i 


I 


AKi 


634 


TBUTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


5 
0 

7 
8 
0 
10 

11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

17 

18 

19 
■20 

21 

22 
23 

24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 


Systkmatic  List  ok  tiir  Spkcikh  Ukhcribbd  in  tiik  Prksrnt  Work,  xtc— Continued. 

Localities  where  found. 


Systoiiiatio  list  of  HpecicH. 


QroupB,  genera,  and  Hpeciea. 


Fulgorida — Cont'd. 

Fulgora  graniilosn , 

Fnlgora  populntu 

Fulgora  obticcscciiH 

Dictyopliarida. 
Dictyophara  boiiviu 

Cixiida. 

Cizius  besperiduui 

Cixius  proavud 

Oliurns  lutonsis 

DIaplegnia  lialdouiani 

Dlapiogniii  veterascens 

Diaplegnia  nbdiictiiui 

Diaplegnia  veiicrabilo 

Diaplegnia  occiiltonim 

Diaplegnia  riiinosiiiu 

Diaplegnia  obdormituni 

Oliaritea  terreutnla 

Florissantia  elegaus 

Delphaeida. 

Delpbax  senilis 

Planophlebia  giganti-a 

Avhilida. 
Elidiptera  regularis 

Sicaniida. 
Hamniapteryx  reticulata 

Flatida. 

Litbopsis  tiinbriata 

Lithopsis  uloiigata 

Ficarasites  Htigmaticum 

JA88IDES. 

Tettigonia  priscomarginata 

Tettigonia  iirlscotiucta 

Tettigonia  priscovariegata 

Tettigonia  obtccta 

Bythoscopua  lapidescons 

Agallia  lewisii 

Agallia  ilaccida 

Agallia  iustabilis 

Agallia  abHtructa 


Page. 


284 
284 
285 

286 

287 
287 
288 
289 
290 
290 
291 
291 
292 
292 
293 
294 

295 
296 

297 

298 

3U0 
301 
301 

:i0a 

303 
303 
304 
305 
305 
306 
306 
307 


Plate  and 
fl'jme. 


a 

1 1 


6:  35 

7:  16 

19:  1 

21:  16 

6:  19 

19:  14 

7:  18 


15:    8 


ad  ° 


7:  17 
19:  12 

5:  95 
2:  16 

19:  13 

6:  34 

6:  36,37 
6:  28 
6:  20 

7:    4 
19:    9 


5:  58,59 
5:  94 

19:  7,21 
19:  18 
21:  1 
19:    5 


6 

".2 

•Sa 
■•s  = 

n 


Qoological 
horizon. 


Ollgooeiie. 

do 

...do.... 


Oligoceue 

Oligocene 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

...do 

....do 

....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do 


Oligocene  t 


Oligocene... 

Oligocene... 

Oligocene... 

....do 

do , 

Oligocene... 

....do 

....do 

Oligocene  t 
Oligocene  f 
Oligocene . . 

....do 

....do 

....do  


■ 


TABLK8— H  EM  I FTEKA. 

DiaTKiHUTioN  <)v  TiiK  Hi-KC'iKH  WITH  WHICH  Thky  ahk  Compakkd— CoDtioued. 


635 


FUMHil  HiiuvitM. 

KxiHtiii^  specieH. 

1^ 

S  a 
5t-2 

"2 

Name  of  Hpoclos. 

Whoro  found. 

Uur'i'Mu. 

p 

Name  of  ii]>eoiH8. 

Where  liviuK- 

] 

3 
3 

4 

5 

i; 

7 
8 
U 
10 
11 
1-^ 
III 



14 

16 

■■■■| 

... 

16 

17 

1H 

19 

W 

91 

thf 

'n 

o 

t 

Aul.  irroTntiiH(F,).. 
Tett.  bollaWalk... 

United  States.. 
Silbut 

V4 

*") 

"(i 

'n 

'W 

w 

MO 

31 

32 

636  TKKTiAUY  imsk(;ts  of  north  ambkica. 

8Y«TBM\TI0   LIHT  ok   THK   SI-KCIKM    DKSUItlllKII   IN  TIIK    I'HKHItNT   WORK,    KTC— ContillUed. 


4 

r> 

li 
7 
8 
0 
10 

11 

12 


13 
14 

15 
16 
17 

IS 
19 
20 

ai 

2ii 

a:t 

24 
25 

36 
27 

2H 
2U 

:io 

31 
32 

3;} 
34 
3;> 
30 


HyHtemativ  iJMt  <>f  Mpeuieii. 


Qronpg,  Kenurn,  niul  HpocicH, 


Ja88II>kh— Cuntiuaed. 

Oypuna  cinciciii 

JaNNiiH  ljit(>briii 

Tbaiiiuotottix  luutilutii 

Tliaiiinotettix  gaiiui^lti 

Tliatiiiiotuttix  I'liiidi 

Cicadiila  xaxooa 

Acoceplialiis  adin 

Acocuplialus  calloHiiH , 

Ja!iHo])!jiH  evidoiis 

C(ulidia  coluinliiaiia 

Cu'lidia  wyoiiiiii(;cu8i.t 

DociiiiUH  |)Hy  llulduH 

CERCorin.K. 

Ceroopites  iinibratillH 

Cercupites  callisceim 

Coreopis  HnKvyni 

CeriKipU  iiMiiicIa 

Cercopis  mitt'ocata 

Petrolystra  gigantca   

Petnilystra  heros 

LocritBH  oopei 

Locrites  wliitei 

Palecpbora  luaciilata 

Palecpbora  pat«facla 

Palecpbora  niarvinoi 

Palecpbora  coininiiuis 

Palecpbora  pni'valoiiH 

Palecpbora  iiioriiata 

Litbecpbora  HctijjiMa  

Litbecpbora  iliapliaiia 


P»8e. 


f^itbecpliora  aiiicolor 

Lithecpbora  iniirata  ..    

Priuecpbora  baltoata 

Aphropliorida. 

PalapbrodeH  ciiicta 

I  PalapbrodeH  obscnra 

PalapbroilUH  irregulariM  

,  PalapbrodeH  obliqiia 


Piute   and 

tiKiire. 


308 

30rt 

30<t 

300     ti 

310 

310 

311 

311 

312 

313 

313 

314 


I 


316 
317 
318 

318 
31!) 
321 
322 
323 
324 
326 
327 
327 
328 
32!) 
329 
330 
330 
331 
331 
332 


19: 

20: 

7: 

33;  7 

19: 

0: 

ti: 

III: 

19: 

2: 

4: 

19:  6, 


LoCHtitiuH  wbere  found. 


334 
335 
335 


X    . 


7;  9 

6:  32 

2:  14,15 

7:  15 

19:  2,3  !   X 

20:  5-7 

20:    H 

21:  19 

21  :  17 

20:  10,17 

7:     7 

20:  3,20,21 
20:  1;  21:2 

20:  15 

20:  22 

21:  13 
21:4,5,11,14 
21:  3,8 

20:  14 


21);    lit;    Xti   I& 

21:  18 

21):  3,  18i  >l:  6,7 

21:  10 


6 

'S  a 


M. 


QeoloKJcal 
boi'izoii. 


Ollgoceno 


.do 
.do 
.do 
-do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


T.C.     01ij;,,ceiief  . 
OligoctMio 


Oligoceue... 
....do 


Oligoceue... 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do  

....do 

....do 

....do 

....do 


Oligoceue 

....do 

....do 

....do 


wmmmm 


TABLKS— UEMIl'THltA.  637 

Distribution  ok  tiik  Spkcikh  with  wiiicii  Tiiky  akr  Compahkd— Continnoil. 


Fiiull  ipeoiM, 

KxiHtiiiK  HpvcivK. 

1^ 

Name  of  MpeoieH. 

Where  found. 

Degree  of 
,  relationship. 

Nuiiiu  of  HpccioB. 

Where  tiviiiK. 

I 

3 

3 

4 

ri 

(1 

7 

8 

» 

lU 

u 

13 

1» 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IR 

19 

SO 

91 

33 

2.1 

?4 

«S 

«6 

97 

28 

90 

30 

;»i 

%i 

3.1 

M 

3i-. 

.... 

36 

M 


638  TEUTIAUY  INSECTS  OF  NOUTll  AMBKKJA. 

Hystrmatic  Liht  or  mR  Hprciks  DRSCRinicn  in  tiik  Prrbrnt  Work,  rtc— Continnoit. 


Systomatio  Hat  of  gpeaiea. 


Qronpit,  genera,  and  speoiea. 


Jphrophorida— Con 

1    I'nliiplirodoa  transversa 

'J    Apliropliora  Hp 

;<    CluHtoptern  cnmHtocki 

HETEROPTEKA. 

CORIXIDJE. 

4    Proslgarn  flabellurn 

fi    Corixa  vttiidiizeei 

0    Corixa  iinmersa 

I  NoTONKCTIU-t;. 

7  \  Notouoota  oinursoni. 

I  Oaloulid^. 

8  I  Neoygonns  rotundatiis 

VEUIDiE. 

0    PalieoTelia  spinosa 

10  ,  Stenovolia  nigra 

I  HYDROBATIDiE. 

11  Telmatrechna  Biaii 

12  [  Telmatrechiis  parallelns 

13  I  Metrobateaicternalis 

I  Rf.duviid^. 

14  ,  Eothea  elegans 

15  Tagalodes  inermia 

I  TiN-OIDIDJi. 

16  i  Pieania  rotunda 

17  Monantliia  veterna , 

Id    Eotingis  antennata 

ACANTIIIIO^. 

19  Lyctocoiia  terrcna , 

CAPSIDyK. 

20  j  Cloateroooris  ulegans 

21  Caruielua  gravatiia 

22  Carmolna  aepoaitiia , 

23  Faaciia  ficcatua 

24  Poccilocupaua  I'remontii 

25  PcBcilocapana  veterandna 

26  Fcecilocapaaa  veternosua 

27  Pascilocapaua  tabidns 

28  Pcpcilocapsna  oatentus , 

29  Capaus  obsolefaotus 


Page. 


336 
337 
33« 


344 
344 
345 

346 

348 

349 
:J50 

351 
353 

353 

355 
357 

358 
359 
360 

361 

363 
3ti4 
364 
365 
365 
366 
367 
367 
368 
368 


Plato  and 
tiguro. 


19:  10 
19;  22 


22:  12 
22:  17 
22:  16 

*2:  11 

7:  8 

22:  13 


Looallttoa  where  found. 


a 
*  6 

SB 


i    !  t 
2  2.  i5 


26:  5 
26:  15 

23:  6 
23:  5,9 
23-  1,3 

7:  20 

24:  7 
24:  10 
24:  6 
22:  5 
24:  3 
24:  9 


24:  8 

24:  2 

23:  13 


22:  8,14      X 


2:  11,12 

4;  1    ... 
22:  15  :   X 


n 


S-s 


T.C. 


Oeological 
korizuu. 


Oligoccne. 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 


Oligocene. 
....do  .... 
....do.... 


Oligooone... 

Oligocene... 

OligocFue... 
....do 


Oligocene  t  . 
....do 


Oligocene. 
....do.... 


Oligocene. 
....do.... 
....do  .... 


Oligocene. 

Oligocene. 
....do  .... 
....do.... 
....do.... 
....do  .... 
....do.... 
...do.... 
....do  .... 
....do  .... 
....do.... 


I 

t 


IHbHE 


TABLE8-UBMIPTEUA.  639 

DMTRmitTioN  or  Till  Spkoikb  with  wiiiou  Toby  aiie  CoMrAiiBD— ContliuiBil. 


FonhII  upeoiM. 

ExIbIIiik  spMles. 

■so. 

k 

Xaine  of  H|>ecics. 

Wlioro  found. 

Horizon. 

Co 

NanioofHpoolon.     ;       Where  living. 

t 
'i 
3 

o 
o 

C.  intcrniptaSay.. 
C.  boIlunsliSuliII).. 

United  States 
Europe 

4 

7 

8 
0 

10 



1 

...... ...... ....... 

• 

t 

A  f  Inn  tin  afot^i. 

11 
I'i 

13 



11 



in 

- 

16 

! 

17 

IH 

10 

■fo 

0 
0 

Pliyt.  involntuB  Germ  . 
....do 

Baltic  nmber. 
....do 

Lignriaii  . . 

o 

0 

C.  parvus  Di»t  — 
.do 

Oen.  America  .. 
do 

21 
IS 

33 

o 

P.  ornatnlii8(8tai.) 

Mexico 

34 

or, 

t 

P.  frenioutii  Scudd 

Florissant... 

Oligooeuo  . 

?fi 

37 

1 

?H 

.... 

.. .. 

i 

20 

I 

T 


640  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Systkmatic  List  of  tub  8i  '<cie8  Descrirkd  in  tiik  Prksent  Work,  etc.— Continued. 


SyBtematlo  Uat  of  8pv.oie' 


Localities  where  found. 


Groups,  genera,  and  Bi>ecieB. 


7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

15 

16 
17 
18 

19 

ao 
n 

22 
23 

24 
25 
2U 
27 
28 
29 
:to 

3t 

:a 
33  j 


CAPSiDiE— Continoed. 

Capgua  lacns 

Aporeina  prinstrictuni 

Hadronema  cinerescens 

PlIYSAPODES. 

Melanothrips  extincta 

Litliadotlirips  vetusta 

Palisotliripa  fossilis 

Lyg.eid^. 

LygtKina. 

LygiDUS  stabilitus 

Lygious  obsolescens 

L;g.<Miii  fiRcnlentus 

Nysias  vinctns 

Nysius  vecula 

Nysius  tritns 

NysiuB  terras 

Nysins  stratus  

Gfocorina. 
Geocoris  infernornm 

Oxycarenina. 

FrocronliiuB  communis 

Procrophins  costalis 

ProcropIiiuB  laugnens  

Myodochina, 

Ligyrocoris  exsuctus 

Stenopaniera  t«ne1>ro8.i 

Stenopamera  subterr.'a 

Catopamora  augheyi 

Catopaniera'  bradley  i 

Pbnidopaniera  wilsoiii 

Piirudupampra  chittendeui 

Cholnla  triguttata 

Litbocfiris  evulgu^ 

Cophocoris  tcnebricos'is 

Eucorites  seroacens 

Procoris  Banctipjohanuis 

Procoris  beclileri 

Ctereajoris  primigenuB 

Trapezonotus  exterminatus 


Pago. 


369 
370 
370 

.371 
372 
:573 


.376 
377 
377 
378 
378 
379 
379 
380 

381 

382 
382 
333 

385 
;W6 
386 
.■J87 
387 
388 
389 
389 
391 
391 
392 
393 
393 
394 
395 


Plate  and 
Dgure. 


22:  2 

20:  4 

24:  12 

5:  90,91 

r> :  W,  89, 103,  ini 
.■i:  lot,  106,115 


22: 10:84:16 
24:  15 


c 

ee  d 
So 
CO 

o 


ftj  o 

a 


22:  7 
23:  20 
23  :  -31 

El!  14,17 i  S9:i,8 

23:  17,26 

{  «3  :  l».  IK,  I 

i       W,  >9;M:1( 

23:    8 

23  :  23 

24  :    5 
23:  16,24 

23:    7 

27  :  7 

26:  12 

27  :  9, 16 

26:  7,9 

7:  21 


27:  4 


»:»   >r,    il.lt,ia 


o 
(B  a 

:-s.2 

u 
CQ 


Geological 
horizon. 


Oligocene  . 

.  -do 

...do  


Oligocene  T. 
Oligoc^ene  t. 
Oligocene  f . 


Oligocene  , 

...do 

...do 

,...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 


Oligocene  . 

Oligocene  . 

...do 

...do 


Oligocene  ... 
...do 


.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do  . 
.do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 
.do 


TABLES— UEM I PTERA.  641 

Distribution  of  tub  §pecie8  with  which  Tiiky  auk  Compahkd— Continued. 


Fossil  gpeoipg. 

Kxlstiiig  speoieH. 

Name  of  HpecieB. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

=1 

Niiiiiu  (if  (tpeciea. 

V'liere  living. 

1 

a 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 

15 

16 
17 

IS 

19 

ao 
ai 

22 

a 

24 
25 
26 
87 

28 

ait 

<.: 

H.  niilitiiris  I'lil . .. 

Western  U.  8  .. 

' 







1 







39 
33 





f 


vol,  XIII 41 


■! 


m 


642  TERTIARY  INSEIJTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

SVSTKMATIC    List  ok   TIIK    SSPKCIKH    DiCKCHIIIKI)   in  TIIK    PkKSEXT   WoUK,  KTC— CoiltilllllMl. 


\ 


Syatematin  list  of  epeoieg. 

LooalitleB  where  found. 

Ofulogical 
horizon. 

1 
Olijjoeeno  ...  I 
....do 

Qroiips,  genera,  aud  Bpecies, 

Page. 

39(i 
397 
397 
398 
39^' 
3'.H» 
399 
400 
401 
402 
402 
403 
403 
404 
4U4 
40.-. 
406 
407 
407 

Plate  and 
iigiire. 

97:  11 

93:  10 

93  :  4 

., 

a 
=8  e 

11 

o 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

A 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 

X 

V 

> 

1 

'A 

o 

'Z  s 

h 

■2 
o 

1 

Myoilovhiiia — Cont'd. 

•> 

liiuiiica  liolnieHii 

Liiiuwa  piituaiui 

Ijinuiea  abolita ..... 

3 

....do 

4 

....do 

5 

LiiDtiiua  carcerata 

93  :  9 

93  :  21 

23  :  19 

93:  15,30 

5:  70,71 

.     .do 

5 

Liiuiii'a  evolutfli 

. . .  .tlo 

7 

LinniL'a  gravida 

Rliypiirocbroiiiiis  vorrilMi . 

8 

....do 

9 

Piichviiioriia  DAtronsiM 

OligoceueT  .. 
Oligoceiio  . .. 
...do 

10 

Tironienis  torpefactuH  ....         

11 

1'^ 

LithochroFuns  gardneri 

96:  10;  97:  8 

..  do 

13 

Litliochroiiius  obstrictus 

....do  .    

...do 

14 

Lithocliroiiiiis  iiiorniariiis  ...     .   .. 

96:  2 
96:  6 

15 

....do     

16 

.... 

....do     

17 

Prolygic'118  imimlatiis 

97  :  13 
27:  10 

•27  •    14 

X 

X 

....do 

18 

....do 

X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 

..   .do 

''0 

Necrocliroiiiiis  saxififiis  . 

407 

do 

91 

408 
409 

410 
410 

412 
413 

27:  2 

....do 

'f9 

.   ..do 

OT 

I'l/rrhocoriim. 
Dysdercus  cinetim 

94:11,13,14 

Oligocene  . .. 
....do 

91 

95 

CORBIU/E. 

CoreiiHi. 

94:  4 

Oligocene  . . . 
....do 

?A 

Achreatocoris  cinerarius 

97 

Phthiuocoris  culligatiiH 

Plithinucoria  letliargicus 

414  99:  3 

415  96: 17; 27: 17 
415               97:  a 

....do 

'>H 

.. . 

....do 

29 
30 

....do 

416 

....do    

31     Piozocoris  peritiis 

39     Pinzdoorift  noinniicit.iliH 

417 
417 
417 

419 

480 

25:  15 

....do 

...do 

33 

2C:  14 

25:  13 
25:  3 

....do 

34 

Aliidinw. 

Oligoceue  . . . 
....do 

35 

Cacalydus  oxstirpatua 

TABLES— IlEMIPTBRA.  Q43 

DlSTmillJTION   OK   THK   SPKCIES   WITH   WHICH   ThkV    VKK   (Jo.MI'.VUKD-CoUtinued. 


FoBsil  species. 

Existing  sp'^cies. 

S  0 

£  ^ 

Name  of  species. 

Wliei-o  fouiul. 

Horizou. 

■ 

Niiiiic  of  species.            Where  living. 

«                1 

i 

1 

i 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 

0 
0 

Pach.  fasciatus  Heer. . . 
Pacb.  pulchelliis  Heer . 

Aix 

Liifuriiitt 

1 

....llo 

...»lo 



9 
10 
11 
13 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
30 
31 
33 

23 
24 

35 
36 
37 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 

34 
3fi 



1 

j 

■■ 

*' 

.... 



... 

.    . 







, 

1 

— 

.... 

MBMOi 


644  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Systkmatic  Lut  ok  thk  Spkciks  Ukschiiikp  in  TiiK  Pkksknt  Work,  etc.— Continued. 


Systematic  list  of  species. 


Groaps,  genera,  aud  species. 


Page. 


U 
3 
4 
5 
6 

r 

•8 
9 

10 

11 

1-2 
13 
14 
l.'i 
16 

17 
18 
19 

20 
31 
22 
23 


24 
2.-) 
26 
27 
2« 
21) 
30 
31 
32 

m 

M 

.a 


Alydina—CoBtW. 

Cydanius  robustus 

ParodarniistnH  abMcissiis 

PurndarniiKtus  cadncns 

Parodnrmistns  colliHns 

ParodarmistuH  defcctns 

PurodarmistiiH  exauimntus 

Farodarniistns  in1ubi^!l8 

Proteuor  inibecillis 

Tenor  spehincie , 

Etirocoris  infernalis 

Rhepocoris  priutectus 

Kht-pocoris  macresccns 

Rhepocoris  prmvaltMis 

Kliepocoris  propiuqnans 

li  hepocoris  minima 

Orthriocorisa  longipim 

j  PiieHilopMiri»a. 

Heeiiii  giilosa , 

Heeria  lapidosa 

Hoeria  firda 

Coriziia. 

Corizus  relatus 

!  Corizus  abditivus 

Corizus  Honinuruus 

Coriz'18  gutliiiuH 

rK.NTATO.MlD.K. 

Cydnida. 

Steuopelta  pnnntnlnta 

Procyduus  prorus 

ProcydnuH  devictus 

Procydnns  divoxus 

Procydntw  ipiietus 

Prooydniie  .oli'juus ....   

ProcydTins  veapcrns 

Prooyiliins  ciloni. 

ProcydnuH  tiiiiuiillattus 

N«crocy(li\ii!<  vnicinlim.     

NecrocydnuH  gobiutensiH 

Neirooydnus  t,nr{)«n8 


420 
422 
422 
422 
423 
42i 
424 
424 
425 
426 
427 
427 
427 
428 
429 
430 

431 
4:J2 
432 

43:< 

4:« 

4:!4 
434 


438 

4:w 
440 
440 
441 
441 
442 
442 
443 
444 
445 
445 


Plate  and 
tigure. 


26:  3 


13 


26:  8 


20:  16 


85:  f  «,  7.(H1. 
It,  16^36:11 


Localitifs  wlii-re  fuiind. 


o 

cs  d 

SO 


S 

o 


25:  1 ;  26:  13 


26:     1 

27  ;  5, 12, 114 ;  2(1 :  17 

27:  3,  19 


27:  15 
25:  5;  26:  4 


n 


7:  12,  13 

•.'8:    5 
29:    4 


23:  15 
7;  19 
7:  22 


o 


Geological 
horizon. 


Oligocene  . 

...do 

...do 

..do 

...do 

..  do 

...do 

...do  .... 

...do 

...do.... 
...do  ... 
...do.... 

....do.... 

....do  .... 

....do  .... 

....do  .... 


Oligocene  . 

...do 

...do 


Oligocene  . 

....do  

....do 

....do 


Oligocene 

....do 

....do 

.    ..do 

...do 

...do  

...do 

...do 

...do  

....do  .... 

....do  

....do    .   .. 


TABLES— HEMIPTERA.  645 

DiSTBiBUTioN  OF  TH8  fpRCiKS  WITH  WHICH  Thkv  akr  CoMPAiiKD— Continued. 


Fossil  species. 

Existing  species. 

'1 

ii 

ate 
;=1 

Nunie  of  species. 

Wliere  found. 

• 
Horizon. 

( 

,1 

^1 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 

1 

a 

i 

3 

1 

4 

L--     ' ' 

5 

«s 

7 

1 

H 

q 

.... 

in 

1 

11 

1?, 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

' 

91 

^ 

!» 

£> 

24 

> 

25 

26 

1 

27 

;■■■■ 

28 

29 

1 

30 

31 

i 

38 

33 

34 

35 

-J-^—-' 


> 


646  TKBTIABY  INSECTS  OF  NORTO  AMERICA. 

Systbmatk^  List  ok  tiik  Spkciks  Dkbcihhkk  in  tiik  Piiksknt  Wohk,  ktc— Continiiod. 


Systeiiiutio  list  of  speoiea. 

Localities  where  found. 

Geological 
horizon. 

Groups,  genera,  and  species. 

Page. 

i 

446 
440 
447 
447 
448 
44U 
449 
450 
450 
451 
451 
4.52 

4„4 
456 
457 
438 
458 
459 

■mr 
«>l 
m\ 
m-i 

m. 

U>4 
4tiS 

m 

466 
467 
467 

468 
470 
470 

Pbito  and 
figure. 

a 
o 

!  > 

5 

n 

"3 
7. -a 

i 

1 

^                              Q/dMido— Cont'd. 
■  Neorooydniis  8tvs'"» 

j    X 

1 
Oligoceno 

itn 

2 

Necrocydims  aiiiyzouiis 

28:  16 

1^ 
X 

X 

:  X 

X 

i    v 

1 

;t 

Necrocydniis  senior 

1 
1 

<iii 

4 

Necrocydnns  Holidatna 

Necrocydnns  revoctus 

Tblibomeuns  petreiis 

28:  13 

1 

do 

5 

j 

do 

6 

tin 

7 

Tblibomeniis  parvus 

19:  23 

ll*l 

8 

Tbiiboinenns  porennatus 

Tblibomeniis  liiniwus 

do 

9 

28:  12 

X 
X 

do                i 

10 

Tblibomeniis  niaeer 

11 

Cvrtoinenns  couciiiiiiis 

7:  14 

X 

An 

12 

Disoostoma  sp 

22:     fi  1   X 
2:  17-11)    .... 

.    do 

13 

I'milalomidn. 
TeleoBcbistusaDaiiiiiis 

.... 

Q. 

14 

TeieoHchistns  rigoiiatus 

T«lnimebist,iiH  pliimitnH 

Tbuetoschistns  roviilsiiH 

Poteschistns  obninnliiM 

.auoscbistiis  mac  ■niiru-    

MaCUiONubistllHliMUl.'(MJ!l:-    . 

FoiioscbistnB  Jijauim 

28:  14 
28:  3 

X 

X 

Oligoceue 

.     do 

ir. 

' 

If. 

17 

28:     t;      X 

2H:  Ir.      X 

2b:  2       X 

28:  7      X 
28:  10  '   X 

■-'8:   1       V 

....do 

do 

i"i 

19 

20 

--- 

.... 

....do  

...do 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 

PiilimHehistnH  bn^iimiriinti 
Wmrtatomilt-H  fniiuiiim            ... 

.... 

do 

""'TwtttjhistiiH  iiuliireMt'enh 

■  hiiaiiiioscliiHlu.s  <;raviiialu- 

-U«-ifw«rE»hala  hi-  , 

EHYNCflnfHdh'A 
AXTHIUIIII'  K. 

■i->:  4 
>:   11,19 

28:  8 

8:  9 
7:  2(i 

8:  4 
8:  40 
8:  17 

1 :  •>:\--i:\ 

f  :  -l" 
8:     (! 

X 
X 

V 

.... 



1 

...do 

do 

...do 

Oligoceno 

s~! 

! 

-..     X 

V 

m 

QiBteVaris  repertiis   

mi 

CMtopuriH  elnsns j 

Horniisons  partitus { 

SCOLYTID.t:.                               j 

HylaHtes  squalidens | 

Di'Voi'H'teM  iminessiis  | 

X 

X 

X    i 

.1..                1 

•JO 

,1n                      1 

31 

38 

8.  I  (. 

I'leistoccno  .. 
Oligocone  . .. 
...do 

33 

Uiyocaites  carboiiarins 1 

.! 

\ 


> 


TABLES— OOLEOPTEBA. 

Distribution  of  thk  Specibs  with  which  They  ark  Compared— Continued. 


647 


Fossil  speoies. 

ExiatiDg  Npecies. 

1^ 

£  o 

11 

Name  of  species. 

Where  found. 

a 

s 

Degree  of 
relationship. 

Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 

........->-■•.-■--.         j 

•2 

3 

1 

4 

5 

' 

6 

7 

t 

8 

S> 

10 



o 

C.mirabiliH  Perty  . 

Biiizil 

11 

18 

ia 

.... 

14 

15 



in 

i 

8 

1 

f) 

Bfl 

fli 

.... 

W 

m 

114 

m 

i 

1 

26 

87 

t 

'  ('.  iiiiirttuB  CFabr.^ 

Eastern  II.  S  . . 

28 

1 

a» 

.10 

31 

1 

o 

O.  affaber(Mann.) 
1 

Boreal  America. 

i 

32 

1 

! 

33 

«J48  tki:tiaky  inskots  of  noktm  amkuica. 

Sv.srKMAiu;  Lisi  uv  niK  Spkciks  DK8citiHK,i)  in  tiik  I'nicsKNT  Work,  kto.— Coiitiimid. 


Systematio  Itat  of  apeoies. 

LuoalitieH  where  found. 

Geological 
Iiorizon. 

Oroiips,  genera,  and  Hpeoies. 

Pag« 

47 1 
471 
472 
47:i 
474 
474 

475 
475 
4-(> 
477 
477 
478 
479 
480 

481 

4"<2 

482 

48:t 
4S4 

485 
485 
4H(, 
48(> 

487 
.t8S 
481» 
489 
490 

Plato  nud 

ti;;iire. 

8:  3 

1             8:  2t> 

;             H:  1(1 

8:  37,41 

8 ;  23 

5:  109, 109a 

8:  29 
8:  22 
8:  25 
8:  13 
t-.  39 
8:  33,:i4,3B 

i;:  3\,  8i   m. ( 

!           31.  .'A  u  1 

8:  7,35 

8:  20 
8i   12 

27:     1 

2:  32 
5:  125 

2:  31 
7:  29,37 

1:  28 
1 :  33, 34 

2:  22 

1:  U 

S:  19 

I:   12-14 

1 :  18-22  1 

3 

gs  d 

V 

a  = 

a 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

> 

M 
2 

n  a 

o 

1 

CLI(CUI.I0N1I>.«. 

i  Cryptorliy ncliiis  annoHiiH 

Oligooeue 

.1.. 

2 

Gjiiiiiotrou  li'coiitui  

a 

AiillioiioiniiHKoporus 

do 

4 

Hyloliius  pioveutiid 

.1*. 

& 

LUtrouotUH  miiratiiB 

do 

(i 

EiitimiiH  priinonlialis 

X 

Oligooenuf . .. 

'  Oligoceno  ... 
.1,. 

» 

OnoMiYNXnii).*:. 
Kiiiliii^ogiiH  torroBiih 

X 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 

8 

,  Tun jiiieeim  seeiiloriini 

9 

1  Oliorliyiichus  porditim 

.1,. 

10 

Otiurliviiuliii.i  tiiiiibjr 



U 

Ophryasten  udiupuctnM 

Epiciorus  mixatiliti 

do 

12 

do 

13 

KpiciiTiis  exiiniinis 

flfi 

14 

E|)ieilTll8  I'lloMtllH 

do 

15 

Kiiv.NciiniD.i;. 

Kiigmiinptiis  gniiiihrviiH ,. 

Kiignaiiipf  iiM  <leceiii.sat iiM 

Ullgocene  ... 
do 

u; 

17 

IIK/rKKOMKKA. 
Kiiii'U'iioKlD.i;. 
UliipiplioniH  geiliiei  

Oligocviie  ... 

1-^ 

Tknkiikidmd.k. 
I'l  niliili)  |iiJiiii;j;eiMiiN 

M. 

l!l 

liiiicliiiN  aiiilis ., .,! 

i 

X 

Olij;oc«nef .. 

211 

rHYTOPHAGA. 

ChUY80.MKI.iI)  K. 

•  i.ilfnici'lla  ])icn,( 

('iy|iloi;cjiliiiliiH  vetiistus 

M. 
M. 

21 

.... 

X   ! 

1 

... 

8.0. 

s.o. 

Oligoceiie  . .. 
Ploistoceii«<    . 
....do    

22 

Donaiiii  stiirii 

2:1 

24 

UDiiaciii.  poiiniatica 1 

LAMKLLICOUNIA. 

SSCAIi.VU.KID.K. 

Tr(,.\  oiistaleti 

25 

ApliDclins  pi'ueurMor 

.... 

i 

P.K. 

Pleistoceue . . 
Oligoceno  . .. 
Pleistocene.. 
...do 

26 

.iEifialia  riipta 

X     

27 

'                          1 

PliaiiiiMiH  antiqtitjs 

28 

(;lia<ridiniH  ebeiiiuimi 

i P.K. 

«^ 


TAbLKa-COI.KOI'TKUA,  g49 

DlSTKillLTIO.N   OK  TIIK   Sl-K<  IKS   WITH    WIIK  II     I  IIKV    AUK.   COMPaKKD— ContlUlllld. 

KxiHting  8]iecit'N. 


FohhII  upociuH. 


w  e. 


NniiiK  (if  Hpuciug. 


Where  Ibiiiiil. 


Hiiri/iiM, 


^■1 

ii 


Nuiiie  of  Hpeuies. 


Wliere  liviiiii. 


O.  t«ti!r  SclKiiih  ...    Alliintiv  Stiites 
H.  picivoriiH  Ueriu.l   Euitterii  U.  8  ... 


7 
8 
fl 
10 
11 
12 
19 
14 

15 

to 


17 

ly 


0.»iilcatiiH  (Fiihr.).    EiiHterii  \.  A 


().  ciiuTi'ii.i  Sdiiiiili.     Mexico 

K.  griHHiLs  Stiioiili do 


°      T.  iiu.litor  (Utiii.).. 


Europe,  N.  Aiiier. 


'"  U.  maiitiiiia  L«C...  Atlantiu  StutcM 20 

!  t'.  vcnii.'itiiN  Kiibr. ..  Easteiii  IT.  8 21 

^  1).  porosicoUi.'il.ac..  LakoSiip-.N.  Eiigl.    22 

!  D.  piiliinolliH  .Siirt'r..:  Illinoio i  aS 


24 

25 
26 
27 

2ti 


°    i  A. ruricola  Melsh. 


Aiiticosti  to  La... 


'^   i  P.  pluto  Harold 1   Arizona,  Me.xico 


tl 


'' 

U 


!;l 


•i 

if 


r. 


650  TKUTIAHY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMKllICA. 

HvHTKMA'riu  List  ok  tiik  Si-k(,'ikh  l>KKCitiiiKi>  im  tiik  1'hkubnt  Wohk,  kto. — CuutiDued. 


r> 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 


10 
20 
21 
22 

23 
24 

25 
26 


HyHteiiiatio  list  of  H|Minii'H. 


Orniipg,  geiiurn,  and  NiifioUm, 


8ERRKORNIA. 
Ptixiu.k. 

Anobinni  ovale 

Aiiobiuni  (1nc»ptiuii 

Anobinni  liKriitnni 

Sitodrepa  clcfiincta 

HUPllKSTlDJi. 

Dnpreglis  tertiaria 

BnpreHtis  Hnxi^ena 

BnpreatJH  Nupiilta 

KLATK.Itin.K. 

Oxygonus  niiirtniiti 

Coryinbiles  vtilatim 

Cryptoh.vpnnH  tcrrestris 

Ephibauis  (bOi't  nn 

Klateridiit  up 

CLAVICOKNIA. 
Byiihiiii>a:. 
NoHOtlflndrun  tritavnni 

NiTIDULID.K. 

Pbenolia  incaiiax 

Proniotopia  ib'pilis 

CuYPTOi'iiA(iU).i:. 
AntheropbuiriiH  priscn^ 

Cuci'jiD.t;. 
Parantlrita  vrHtita 

Kkotylid-k. 
Mycotretns  binotalns , 

STAI'IIYI.I.MD.K. 

Oxjilelini. 

Oxy telns  pristiuns 

Bleiliii.s  adaniiiH 

BlediuH  {rIauiatnH 

Oxyporna  HtiriacnH 

I'n'dirhii. 

Latbi'obium  abscosHnin 

Lathrobium  interglacialr , 

Sliiphijlinini. 

Lcistotropbns  patrlarchicns 

Quedins  cbainberliui 


Page, 


4<.)1 
)<J2 
4it2 
4U3 

4!KI 
41)4 
405 

40« 
4!W 
407 
408 
408 


409 
400 

soo 

501 
501 
502 


Phitii   ami 
tiguro. 


M,:  1 
8:  18 
8:  24 


LuoulilleH  where  found. 


a 
a  o 

So 


«2. 


2:  2U    .... 

2:  24,25    .... 

2:  26 


5:  110,111 


2:  30 

5:  113,114 

2:  28 


7:  :«i 

7:  23 
2:  20 


7:  24,36 
7:  41 
7:  30 


503 

5:  118-120 

504 

8:  10 

505 

1:  35 

505 

1:  :J6 

505 

8:  15,21 

506 

1:  38 

507 

5:  112 

508 

16:  8 

'S  a 

•c- 

CQ 


N. 
N. 
N. 


N. 
N. 


S 

-51 


s.o. 


Oeologloal 
horizon. 


S.O. 


Ollgocene. 
....do.  ... 
....do .  ... 
....do.  ... 


Ollgocenef  . 
Oligoceno  .. 


Ollgocenef  . 


Ollgocene  ... 

Uligocene ... 
...do 


Ollgocene  . 
Ollgocene  . 
Ollgocene  . 


Ollgocenef.. 
Ollgocene  .. 
PlelMtocfine . 


8.  O.   ....do. 


Ollgocene  .. 
Pleistocene. 

Ollgocenef  . 
Ollgocene  . . 


J 


V 


k:a 


IJf, 


ll1!Hl!lnii»pWMM'i«Wi 


nHPPMMPMVMMipn 


a 


V. 


ki 


TABLKH— OOIJOOI'TKUA.  651 

UlHTRIDUTION  OP   TIIK   Hi'KCIKW    WITH    VVIIICM     I'llKV    AltK   <."<>MP,\lll:l.-Cl>lltilllIB(l. 

FosHil  spocieH.  KxUtliiK  Hpouiuii. 


Naiiii'  of  (i|)<!cieii. 


Where  fuuui). 


IIiiriKoii. 


B.  Henvcta  HoyU... 

....<lo 

,...<lo 


SiubluB . 
....do  .. 
....<lo  .. 


A<|iiitaiiiiuil 

....<lo I 

.....lo ! 


Nuini'  of  KpeclvM. 


C.  8pU>iuleii8  Zicgl . . 
C.  plitiintiiH  LeO . .  . . 


Where  living. 


Luk<i8iip.,N.  Eugl 

Atlantic  States 

K.  ooiiuitns  EMcliBch,    Boreal  America 


°      N.  nnicohir  Sav 


!!     P.  urosda  (Fabr.) 
P.  HoxniHciihtfaS. 


A.oc;liraccii8Mel8ll. 
P.  cephalotes  LeC  . 
M.  aaugninipeunisL 


O.  rugosiis  (Orav). 
B,  annularl.'*  LeU 
B.  brevidenH  \asV  . 


Penn.  (SfRonthword. 

North.U.8.;  Canada, 
Centrol  U.  S 


Northern  U.  S. 

Arizona 

Eastern  U.  S  . . 


Atlan.  States;  Eur. 

Norlli  America 

New  V'ork 


L.  elougutiim  (L. )  . 
L.  graude  LeC 


Europe 

Lake  Sup.  to  N.  0  . 


6 
7 

8 

U 

10 

11 

12 


i:< 

14 
15 

10 

17 

18 


19 
20 
21 
22 

23 
24 

25 
2U 


'iu 


^. 


'V«>*»'l.T-5' 


o..\^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


lit 

m 

Vi 


1.8 


|^|ij6 


~    6" 


V] 


<^ 


TM^ 


^l 


'/ 


%^j>  >  mJ^I 


Sciences 
Corporation 


n  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


652  TEKTIAIIY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

8V8TFMATIO   LI8T  OF  TUB  SPECIES  DbSCUIUBU  IN   TUB  PitBSENT   WOBK,  BTC— Continued. 


Systeinatio  lint  of  species. 


6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 
14 

15 
Ifi 
17 


18 


IS) 

ao 

21 
22 
•i:t 

24 

2.-> 
2(1 
27 


Groups,  geueia,  au<l  Hpccivs. 


Staijlijidniiti— Cont'd 
Quedius  breweri  

Jlrjcharini. 

Gyropliiena  saxicola 

Koinalota  recisa 

Staphylinites  obsulctum 

HVDKOIMIILID*. 

Spliaridiini. 
Cercyon  terrigena 

lli/drobiini. 

Hydrobius  dcciiieratus 

Hydrobiiis  coutixus 

Philliydnis  priiiiiitvus ,. 

PliilhydruM  spp 

LaecobiiiN  elougatus 

Berosus  soxstriutus 

Berosus  UMiiiis 

Hydrophilini. 

Tropisteriins  Bculptilis , 

TropistertiUH  anxialis 

HelophoHni. 

HydrocUus  aiiiiutiis 

Hj'droclius  rclictiiB , 

Helophonis  rIgoHcons 

DyTI8CID,«. 

Laccophilini. 

Laccophilus  sp 

Cakabid^. 

Chlti'ni'ni. 
CliliBuiuM  piuictiilatuH 

Lehiini. 
Cyniiiidis  aurora 

I'latyn'mi. 

Platynus  seiiex 

Platynus  casus 

P!atynus  biudoi 

Platynus  lialli  

Fiatynus  dissipatus 

Platynus  deHuotus 

Platynus  barctii 

Platynus  ciesus  


Page 


.'>08 

500 
500 
510 


510 

511 
511 
512 
51? 
51.1 
513 
514 

514 

515 

515 
51(i 
51fi 


517 


517 

518 

51'J 
519 
520 
520 
521 
.521 
522 
532 


Localities  where  found. 

Geological 
horizon. 

Plato  and 
tiguru. 

&4 

Green  River, 
Wyo. 

White  River. 

0 

16:  4 

1 

Oligocene  . . . 

Oligocene  t.. 
Oligocene  ... 
Oligocene  ... 

5:  12J,  124 

X 

8:  14 

X 

8:  32 

Y 

2:  21 

8:  27 

N. 

X 

Oligocene  ... 
do 

7 :  25 
8:  5 

.... 

X 
X 
X 
X 

do 

do 

7:  8, ,28 

.... 

.... 

....«'o 

7:  40 

8:  8 

.... 

X 
X 

V 

do 

Oligocsne. .. 
do 

8:    2 
1:  47 

.... 

X 

s.o. 

Pleistocene.. 

8:  11 

— 

X 

... 

Oligocene    . . 

1:  53 



— 

— 



S.C. 

Pleistocene.. 

5:  116,117 

X 

Oligocene?  .. 
Pleistocene. 

1:    7 

.... 

P.K. 

1:    6 

.... 

.... 

.... 

P.K. 

Pleistocene . . 

7:  38 

y 

Oiigoceue... 
Pleistocene.. 

1:  42 



. .. . 

8.0. 

1:  54 







S.O. 

....do 

1:  41 

— 

— 



8.0. 

....do  

1:  37 



.... 



8.0. 

....do 

1:  43,51,58 

— 

— 

.... 

S.O. 

....do 

1:  31 

.... 

.... 

.... 

8.0. 

....do 

7:  34 

.... 

X 

.... 

Oligocene  ... 

t 


« 


•x; 


TABLES— COLEOPTERA.  653 

Distribution  op  trb  Sfkcies  with  which  Tiiky  are  Compaiiei)— Continuod. 


t 


Fo8sil  specicH. 

Existio);  specieH. 

Name  of  BpecieH. 

Where  found. 

Horizon. 

o 

Name  of  specieH. 

Where  living. 

Q.nioiochiuusGrav. 
G.  vinula  Erichs.. 

IT.  8.;  Enro]>e  .    . 

o 

H.  fiiscipes  Curt . .. 

Cosniopolitau 

o 

o 

0 

o 
c 

o 

11.  pnnctippnnJHCIi. 
B.cuspidiif  IIS  Chevr 

T.  nn>xieaniis  Cant. 
T.  binotatnsWiilk. 

H.  HuticiiprensRiini!. 

H.  tuberciilatnsG.. 

L.  maculosnsGerni. 

C   laticollis  Say... 

C.  americana  Dej . . 

P.variolatnsLeC. 
P.  rnbripesZinini.. 

Do. 
P.  crenistrialus  Le  C 

Mexico.? . 

Mexico 

Mt>xico 

Vancouver  Isl  . 

LalceSup.  soutlnvd. 

Nor.U.  8.  •ScnuiI'vM. 

Lake  Sup.  to  Ga  ... 

N.  Y.  toFla.,Ariz.. 

! 

I 

c 
o 
o 

1 

New  York 

California 

0 

p.  halli 

Scarboro  

Pleistocene 

Mid. Slates  to  Kans. 

...do 

! 
o 

! 

P.  hindei 

Scarboro  

do 

Pleistocene 
do 

\/e8tern  States  

P.  halli   . 

...do    

•In 

...do 

....do 



18 

t!) 

20 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2C 
27 
2S 


i 


f^mmiKfim^mmmfmimm9!9i 


654  TKHTIAliY  INSKCTS  OF  NOUTII  AMKUIOA. 

Systematic  List  of  thk  Species' Dksciiihki)  in  the  Prksknt  Wokk,  etc.— Contiiiiie<l. 


SyNtoiiiatic  list  oi  species. 


Groups,  genera,  and  speuiua. 


Page. 


LMnini. 

1    Diplocliila  lu'ushawi 523 

8    Dic'U'liiM  iiiiiliiccuH 524 

U    Dica'liiH  8]> 525 

!'tiroslichhii, 

4  Pterosticliiisabroj^atiis 525 

5  Ptero-ticliiiH  (loniiituus 526 

6  Ptciosticlins  (IcHtitiitns    526 

7  PtcroHticIiiis  fractUK .')27 

8  Ptcroiticlius  ilcstnictim.   527 

9  Ptorostichns  yclicius .527 

10  PterosticliiiN  la'vigatiiH \    52H 

11  PterosticbiiHsp I    529 

I 
I'ogoiiiiii. 

12  Pstiob'18  gelatiiH .530 

llcmbitUini. 

13  Benibidium  exoli'tiiiii   530 

14  Hoiiil>i(lliini  glaciatiiiii .531 

15  Ik'iuMiliiiMi  fri.^iim'iihiiii 531 

Xcbiiiiii. 

Hi    Nebria  iiiilfiiiMvlas 532 

Loriverini. 

17  Lor'iiera  glacialis 533 

18  I  Loricera  Iiitosia .533 

Elaphrini. 

19  KlapbriiH  irregularis 534 

Carabini. 

20  Ni'otbauf B  testcus 535 

Ci/chiiiii. 

21  Cycbrus  wbeatlnyi .536 

a    Cjcbrus  minor 537 

DIPTERA. 

CVCLOKHAPHA. 

i  OXCll.EID.K. 

23  LoucbiL'a  sciie  icens ,539 

24  I'alloptera  niorticina 540 

OllTAI.ID.K. 

25  Litbortalis  picta 511 


Plato  and 
tijiure. 


2S:     9 

1;  8-10 

1:  15 

1:  39 

1:  49,  .55 

1:  44 

1:  29,30 

1:  46 

1^  52,59-()l 

1:  3,4 

1:    5 

1:  48 

5:  121,122 
1:  40 
1:  45 


2:  20 

1:  50.57 
1:  32 

1:  56 

7:  32,39 

1:  1 
1:  2 


3:  18 
3:  15 

3:  10,16 


Localities  where  found. 


9 


C5 


« 


■a 

b  — 
«  -^ 

.a 
5 


P.K. 
P.K. 

8.O. 
8.0. 
S.O. 
8.0. 
8.0. 
8.O. 
P.K. 

...;p.K. 

1 
..  18.  O. 


8.  O. 
8.  O. 


Geological 
boris!on. 


Oligoeene... 
Pli'iHtocene. 
...do 


Pleistocene .. 


.do 
do 
.do 
.do 
do 
.do 
.do 


Q. 
Q- 


Pleistoouuo  .. 

Oligoceni!  f  ., 

Pb'i.stoceMO  . 

I.... do 


S.  0. 
8.  O. 


Pleistocene  . 
....do 


8.  O. 


P.K. 
P.  K. 


Pleistocene  . 

Oligooeue... 

Plt'istoceno  . 
....do , 


W 


TABLES— DIPTKRA.  555 

DmTmHirn..x  o,-  ,n.-.  Spk.mks  w.rn  wm,„  Tiikv  akk  C'..mi-.m,k„_c„,„>m,„..1. 
Fossil  H|iecies. 


<w  S. 
o   P 


Name  of  slieoies. 


Kxisting  species. 


Wliert!  (imiid.       lloiizon. 


i    ! 


>  s 


I       N.iinc.  „(si.-ci.'.s.     1  VVIiereliviiiK. 


'^  U.  iiiiijor  Lo  C . . . 
!  i).  (iiltitatus  Say. 
D.  clorigatiis  Hmi 


Soiitlieni  II.  S 

U.  S.tinst,  ofGt.  Hs 
....<lo 


P.  dcsti  tutus 


Scarbori) I'leistoceue 


IMicrcnlanennAIaiiii    I'nc.  coast,  Hi.  Am  ... 

!!   I  P.  la-tuiuM  Le  C....J   (jal 

!    I  P.savi  IJrnll<!......i  Atl.  ami  West.  States  . 


!!   I  P.l)atruelisDei....i   N.Y.,  Mid.  States 
!   I  P.  hudsouicnsLoC  I   Hudson  Bay 


(i 
7 
6 
9 
10 
11 

18 

i;! 


P.septeMtrioiiisUfj.    Nor.  Kur.;   Arctic  Am 


--■;     '     H.  ina'i|iialcSay J   Nortlieru  l,'.  .S 

-  .|    !    j  -''•I'-ugulum  LoC..|   LalioSuperior;  N.Y....     14 
--•!    !      B.coustiictumSay.!   New  Euxland :  i,--, 


'^    |L.e.eriilesetn»l-iuii.    Kor.Am. A  lOiir.;  Siberia.    17 


!       K.  viridis  Horn....     Caliloiiiia 


18 
19 

ao 

21 


24 

2r. 


C.  viduus  l)e j 

i  C.  andrcwsii  Harr 


Peunsylvauift 

Central  Atlantic  States. 


i^ryC) 


TKHTIAUV  KVSKOTS  OF  XOUTII  AMERICA. 

Sygteiuatlc  list  of  gp»cioR. 


Groups,  Konora,  aad  speci, 


;  *^i-'n».Mvzti)yE. 

1  Sci')iiij./u  ri'vclatji 

2  Suioiiiyza  iimiica 


"    '       liKiii-o. 


Local! lies  wIkto  found. 


.542 


a 
s  6 

'CO 


^      s= 


3  Sciomyza  disjecta 

4  ,  Sciomyza  sp 

!  IIk..().mvzi. )...;. 

5  Hi'teromy/a  nvuiUn 

<>    Heteioiiiyza  (Iclecta 

I  AXT.KU.vni.K. 

7  Aiillioiiiyia  iniiiiiinain 

8  Aiitlioiiiyia  liiii.;;i.ssi 

j  WfsciD.i; 

9  ;  Miisca  ascaridis 

10  Miisca  '.lilKwa 

11  Miisca  sp   

12  Miiaca  hydropica 

l:i    Alusea  vinciiliita 

14    MiiRca  spp 

'rACIII.M. >...;. 

l."!  I  Tachiiia  sp 

!  I'l-VrYl-KZ...,!,;. 

16  Callomyia  torporata 

I  Coxopii)..:. 

17  j  Poliomyia  recta 

I  SYltl'..I..,E. 

It  ■  Mili'siu  <iiiadiata 

19  I  Kristulis  lapidoiis. 

20  '  SyrpliiiHsp 

21  .  Chilosia  ampla 

22;  Chilosia  sp 

83    Chilosia  np 

24  j  Psilola  fabidosa  . 

2.'>  j  Syrphldie  sp...   

ORTHOKHAPIIA. 

D0.,IC.1()I>()I)II).,.;. 

20  I  Dolichopus  sp 

<'V.MI..,l.;. 

27  AcrocerahiisiKa 

A.SII.I.).],;. 

28  Steiiociiiclis  anoinala 


.'■.40 
r>4C) 

r.47 
f.48 

.''.4H 
.'■.49 

.'■•.-■•J 


••i:  .'Mi 

(<:  f:  •■I:  U\,i:,,)\  ' 

i      l«.  I".2II,I!3,J X     •'     X 

(       XI.XI.,         il--- 

10:  ."•, 


3:  1,2 
5:  76 

3:  19 
3:  M 


6 

v.  5 


Q. 


]    , 


(»('nl(»jri(»ai 
liorixiiii. 


Q. 


•'>f)3  j  r>:  106,  108 


r..'-.:t 

1    6:  ri 

t 

!«.  03,  107 

5:  77 

"1.99,100 

100 

1 

.'■.54 

•••l— 

.'■).-.4 

.'■..-.4 

X 
X 

555 

'•>•■  n  .... 

550  ' 

il: 

19,21 

X 

Olijjocpiie 

...do 

...do 


Oligocciic  f  .. 


'    «.■«■.»".  ioiJr---|  — -I  X  i j  ....   i  Oligoce.in?  .. 

^      I Oligoceno  ?  . 

^  j   j  •-■•      OligoceiK.  f  .. 

^  I j   I  Oligoceii,.  •  .. 

^   I   '  Ollgoceiin  f  .. 

X       ... 


TABLES-DIPTERA.  657 

D,«T«.BtT.ON  OF  THE  SPECIKS  W.TH   W...CH  T.,EY  ARK  COMPARKn-CcuinUort. 


^            

-. 

Fossil  species. 

ExistiDg  speoiea. 

Horizon. 

- 

C 

C  c         Name  of  species. 

Sg 

Where  fonnd 

=1 

i  g     Name  of  species. 

Where  living. 

1 

zz:: 

2 

4 

r. 

i 

6 

7 

8 



9 
10 

......    ,■«..,.   ,,...,    ,,,. 

U 
Vi 
13 
14 

1 

15 

\ 



i 

16 

17 
18 

■ 

[ 

19 
20 
9,\ 

^ 1 

-••! 

1 

82 
23 
'^4 

•  ----.   ....... ^_ 

25 

... ...... 

X 

1                                                            1 

1 1 



a 

VOL  xiir- 42 

( 

in 

B58  TERTIARY  INSECTS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 

Systkmatic  Lisi  OK  THE  SPECIKS  Descuihed  i.\  THE  PuKSENT  WoRK,  ETC.— Continued. 


Syirteniatic  lUt  of  npeoi 

eg. 

Pajie 

i 

505 
565 

566 
567 

.568 
510 
571 
573 
574 
575 
576 
577 
.177 

Plate  and 
tii;ure. 

Localities  where  found. 

Oeulugical 
horizon. 

OruiipH,  Konera,  and  speciuH. 

a 
es  0 

So 
■CO 

0 

0 

V 

s 

« 
5S 

li 

1" 

i 

0 

I 

A8lHD.K-Coiiliniiid. 
Steuucinvlis  sp 

10:  15 

9:  31 
9:  17 

}6il6,17.SV87.1 
}       «.43,«S.69j 

'■>:  90,  1!I.<U-A7 

U>  40  41.63,  il 

5^    37, '.W 

5:  39 

5:  78 

5:  .56,  .57 

5:  46,47 

10:    4 

10:     1 

10:    8 

5:  62 

5:  18,19,28 

i 

X 

X 
X 

X 

iin 

2 

Asilidiu  sp 

Sthatiomyid.k. 
Litliophysu  tnnailttt 

-... 

8. 

3 

Oligoceue.... 

4 

ANitrconiyia  cutiaver 

5 

TiPULIU.E. 

Uicrauoinyia  rtigniosa 

DicianoMiyia  iiriinitiva 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

Oligocene  f  .. 

Ollgocene 

Oligoceue  t  .. 
Oligocene  f  .. 
Oligocene  t  .. 
Ollgocene  f  .. 
Oligocjuiie  t  .. 
Oligocene  T  .. 
Oligocene.... 
do 

6 

7 

Diurauouiyia  nistiatii 

8 

Spiludoniyiasiniplux 

9 
10 

PioiiopliUibiii  redivivii 

C'ylturoniyi;*  fuiioHtialii 

Tipiilii  d(!crepita 

... 

U 

12 

Tipiila  tucia 

X 
X 

X 

13 

Tipiila  Hpoliata 

14 

Tipnla  ae|fnlchri 

.578 

.578 
.579 
!>80 
581 
581 
.581 
.581 

.582 
582 
.583 

583 

C85 
686 

586 

588 
588 
589 
590 

590  1 

15 

C'HiuoNOMin*;. 
Chironouius  suptuii 

Oligocene 

Oligoceue  f  ..! 
Oligoceue  f  .. 

Oligoceue 

Oligocene t  ..1 
Oligoceue?  .. 
Oligoceue  T  .. 

Oligocene 

Oligocene  f  .. 
Oligocene  f  .. 

Hi 

17 

C'liirouoiiniH  depletus 

L'liiruiioiims  iiateus 

X 
X 

X 
X 
X 



18 

Cliirouoiiiiiii  sp 

Cliirono'uidu)  sp 

19 

5:  32,33 
5:  84 

.... 

20 

L'liiruuoinidu!  sp 

31 

Cbirononiida-  sp 

82 

CULiciu.*;. 
Ciilex  <lauiuatorum 

iO:  14 

5:  ;i,9 

5:  22,23 

3:  20-82 

t:  3,3,  lO-U 

10:  17 

3:  17 
10:  Hi 

'-  :  U,  U,  M,  U 

10:  13 

3:  12,13 

10:  2 

..., 

X 

23 

Culexproavitus 

X 
X 

U 

Corethraexita 

25 

B1H10NID.K. 
Pleoia  similkameeua 

s. 

26 

Plccia  pealei 

T.C. 

Oligocene  T  .. 
Oligocene 

27 

PIticia  dejecta 

.... 

X 

28 

Mycetophilid^. 
Sciara  deperdita 

Q. 

i!9 

Sciara  scopuli 

... 

X 
X 
X 

Oligoceue 

Oligocene  t  .. 
Oligocene. I.. 

30 

MycetopuMa  occnltata 

X 

1 

31 

Aiiatella  tacita 

32 

Triclionta  dawsoni 

.... 

Q. 

33 

Ryinosia  struugiilata 

...do 

\ 


■\ 


■" 


A 


/ 


k 


jk 


y"\ 


' 


/  >* 


\ 


.A 


7 


i\ 


A 


TABLKH— DIPTBHA.  659 

,  OlSTKIUUTION  OV  TUK  8PKL'IKN   Willi    WHICH   TllKV    AKi:   Cli.Ml-AIIKD— C'ull^iniKMl. 


FuMlil  HJ  OliillH. 

ExiHtiu){  Biie>.-ieH, 

Nuuiit  uf  HpouieM. 

Where  fouml. 

llui'i/oii. 

Nuiiiu  of  hpev'ieH. 

Where  liviiit;. 

, 





i 

1 



! 

i 

i 

i 

1 

1 

i 

••"* 

1 

o 

Sc.  uuguliita  Wiiiii.    Kiirope 

1.... 

t 

10 

11 
]-i 
i:i 

14 

1.-) 
ir. 

17 
10 

ao 
ai 

aa 
a:t 
a4 


aC) 

27 

a.'i 

29 
30 

ai 

32 

nil 


660  TERTIAKY  INSECTS  OF  NOllTII   AMERICA. 

SvHrKMATU)  lAHT  (IK  THK  SpRciRS  nRsciiliiilD  IN  TUB  Prkskxt  W()«k,  ktc. —Continued. 


Hyateniatio  liHt  orBpeoixN. 


UruiipH,  geiiHra,  and  N|i«ui«H, 


1 
8 

a 

4 

G 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

18 

13 

14 
15 


16 


"1 

IH; 

20 
21  \ 

22; 

2»! 

24 
25 

26 

I 

28 
29 
30 
31 


Mtcrtiiphilid.k- 

Brachypt^za  aliita 

Bracbypeza  procera 

Qnoristo  deutoni 

Bolotiua  sepulta 

Bolutiua  umbratica 

Bok'tina  paludivaga 

Siickonia  arcnata 

Sackonia  sp 

8uokenia  sp 

Anaoliniasp 

Suiopbila  byattii , 

Diadnoldia  tprricoia 

MycotophilidutHpp 

CKClDOMYIDiK. 

Lasioptera  r(>ce88a 

Lithuniy/.a  <!onditu 

LEPIDOPTERA. 

TiNEIDiE. 

Psecadia  mortnolla 

BnrMENOPTBRA. 
TKREBRANTIA. 

'i'RNTHREDINID.t:. 

Taxouus  uortoni 

ClIALClDID^. 

Decatoma  autiqua , 

BRACONIDi»:. 

Calyptites  antediluvianiim  .. 

Bracoii  lamiuarnm 

Braeun  sp , 

BracouidsB  sp 

Bracouidie  sp , 

ICHNEUMONID.E. 

Icbnenniou  petrinns 

Lithotoriis  cresaoni 

Rhyssajnvenis 

Piinpla  saxea 

Pimpla  Mt^necta 

Pinipla  dewssa 

Glypla  tranHversalis 

Eclytns Intatns 


Cont. 


Page. 


591 

591 
fiiKJ 
593 
593 
594 
595 
596 
596 
597 
.597 
r>9ii 
599 


600 
(iOl 


003 


604 

(K)4 

fiOfi 
60li 
f,07 
607 
607 

608 
609 
609 
610 
611 
612 
613 
614 


Localities  wlivre  fonod. 

Oeolugioal 
horizon. 

• 

9. 

Plate  and 
Hgiire. 

3:  7,8 

3:  14 

5:  6,7 

3:  9 

10:  3 

10:  7 

5:3,4,12,13 

5:  f>0 

a 

*  6 

f 

f 

So 

is 

ll 

5 

> 

... 

X 

Oligoceuet  .. 

1 

Q. 

.... 

X 
X 

Oligocene.... 
.     do 

X 
X 

OligooeneT  .. 
Oligocene  T  .. 

Oligoceno 

....do 

X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

9:  12 

10:     6 

10:  10,11 

10:  12 

5:  89-31 
5 :  34-36 

15:  12,17 

10:  26,27 

10 :  20, 31 

3:  a-i 

10:  29 

3:  33 

10:  18 
10:  28 

5:  14,15 

10 :  21 

10:  19 

3:  23 

3:  29-31 

3:  27 

10:  25 

10:  24 

....ilo 

do     .. 

....do 

X 
X 

Oligocene  T  .. 
Oligocene  f  .. 

Oligocene 

Oligocene.... 
Oligocene.... 

Oligocene 

X 

X 
X 

Q- 

.... 

X 

X 
X 

X 

X 

s. 

Oligocene.... 
do .     ... 

X 

Oligoc'iel  .. 
Oligocene.... 
do              i 

Q. 
Q. 
Q. 

Oligocene 

....do 

.... 

X 
X 

.... 

^ 


TABLlia— UYMENOPTEKA.  QQl 

DlSTRIBIVnON   OK   TIIK   Sl'KC.IKS    Willi    WI.KIl   TllKY   AllK   COMPAHKh-Continued. 


Kowtil  HpecioH. 

ExUtiog  R|l«ului. 

1 

Nuiiit)  (if  RpecieH. 

1 
Where  found. 

Horlznn. 

Nitiiie  of  gpevivH. 

1 

Wlinre  living. 

a 

4 

i    !> 

0 

1     , 

\    7 

!     H 

1    " 

i  '" 

11 

Vi 

13 

11 

15 

16 

17 

18 

lU 
20 
21 

2a 
2:» 

24- 

25 
36 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

• 

... 

1 

i 

i 

i 

1 

o 



i 1 

.. 

1 

<)*>^  THHTIAHV   INSKOTS  OK  NOIITII   A.MKItldA. 

HVHTKMATIC    LlHT  Ol      IIIK   SfKCIKH   UkW'KIIIKI)   IN  TriH   I'HKHKNT    \Vt)HK,  KW. -(JoiltllllUMl. 

Syntoinatic  liHt  of  Hpi'cieii. 


Oroiipn,  Rnnora,  Mu\  npeoipii. 


I'brc.  ! 


Plnli*  mill 
ItKiii'i'. 


liOCBlitifiii  whertt  foiiml. 


a 
«  d 

CO 

o 


ACITLKATA. 

MYll.MICIIl.fC. 

A|iliii'iiO){ftHti'r  l()ii(r,|.vii (jjjj  :t:  !J8 

Myrmioa  H|) ,itr>  tO;  a«    .... 

FOHVICID.K. 

Ilypoulinea  obliternta [  fli«  3:85,96 

IJonii'tii|iiiiu  piiiKiic :  til7  i  r>:  10 

Koiiiiua  arriiiiii   i  (j|m  i  11:  24 

LaNiiiH  torrt'iig (jin  10:  2S 

Uunipniiiitiis  V'tiiH , j  nii)  .I:  1,2 

Si'ilKiiin.i:. 

DidineiN  HolidescoiiH I  (i20  ■  10:  HO 


i 


h 

•a 


(ieoloKical 
linrizoii. 


OIlKocene... 
Olifcaceiie . . . 


Oligoceno... 
Oli)(<K!«n«f  . 

OlinocHiie.. . 


TAJJIiKS-ll  VMKNOl'TKKA,  663 

I;.  ITIIIIIITION   OK    IMK   HiKCIKM    Willi    IVIIII'II   TliKY   AKK  CoMI-AIIKI)— Colltilinei]. 


FlHWil  R|M)(lil!l|. 

KxiHtloK  NiieuiM. 

H 

1 

Nntnii  of  HpenlpN, 

W)ier»  rcnnd, 
Baltic  ninbor. 

Hiiriznn. 
lilKiiriun  .. 

Nanin  iil'HiteoieN, 

Where  living. 

A.  bereotiti  Mayr 

I 

a 

3 
4 

5 

7 

H 

t 



I 

V.  lunlcornia  Fabr. 

Europe 

i 


I     J_j  i\  X   Jjj  k^  . 


w 


u.„. 


I 


PLATE  I 


EXl'LANAI'ION   Ol'    IM.ATE   I. 

All  the  ilrawiiigN  weru  iiiuUe  by  J.  H»iir,v  Blake. 


Pig.   1.  (^)  Cycbnm  wheatleyi  Horn. 
"*•  (t)  Cychnis  minor  Horn. 

3.  (t)  PteroHtiuhiiN  lii-vigiitiiH  Horn, 

4.  (t)  rteroHticlius  liuvigatns  Horn. 

5.  (})  Pterosticliiisf  »p. 

•>•  (r)  C'ymiiulis  nnroni  Horn. 

7.  (f)  CIilinninH  imnutuiiunH  Horn. 

«i.  (f)  Dicii'liis  iilutacoiis  Horn. 

9.  (f )  Diciuliis  alntacens  Horn. 
10.  (j)  Diciuliis  uliitaceiiH  Horn. 
U.  (7)  A|)ho(liii8  precnrmir  Horn;  a,  upprr 
surface;  ft,  uaiitofa;  e,  under  .Hnrfacc. 

12.  (f)  Pliauu)nii  autii|nnH  Horn. 

13.  (f)  Pliauiuns  auti<iunH  Horn. 

14.  (t)  PliuuaMiH  aiitiquim  Horu. 
l.">.  (f)  DIlNuluM  8p. 

lf>.  it)  VVitli    AphudiiiD     prounrHor 

See  niuler  tUat  Hpecies,  p.  488. 

17.  (','')  VVitli    AphodiiiH    preunrHor 

See  under  that  species,  p.  488. 

(f)  Cbwridiuui  elieuinuni  Horn. 

d)  Cliieridiinn  oheuiunin  Horn. 

(f )  Chturidium  ebeninum  H(H'n, 

(?)  OlKoridinm  obeiiiunni  Horn. 

(?)  ribieridium  eboniMuni  Horn. 

(I)  Hylastes?  siinalldens.  The  letters 
represent  the  work  of  distinet  indi- 
viduals. 

(f ) -23  d.     Hylastes?  s<iualiaen.s. 

(?)  =  a3  a.     Hylaslusf  squalidens. 

(14535)  (V)  A  fragment  of  vegetable 
tissue,  put  on  the  plat«  by  mistake. 

(14535)   (If)  A  fraguieni,  of    vegetable 
tissue,  put  on  the  plate  by  mistake. 
668 


'^^'■s'J:^tSSz' 


Horn. 


Horn. 


18. 
li). 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 


24. 

25. 
26. 

27. 


1  KiK.28.  (14.5.58)  (J,«)  Donacia  stiria. 

2<.».  (14532)  Cn  Pterostichiisfractus. 
I  30.  (14532)(if)  Pterostiohusfractus. 

;        -  31.  (14475)  (?)  Platynus  harttii. 
•   .a.  (14.55<»)(i,")Loriceraf  lutosa. 
;   33.  (145r)6)  (?)  Donacia  pompatioa. 
■  34.  (14582)  (f)  Donacia  pompatica. 
3!).  (11540)  (V)  Blediusglaciatns. 
36.  (14.'')r)2)  (i,2^;0xyporu8  8tiriacus. 
•^   37.  (14563)  (?)  Platynus  dissipatUH. 

-  38.  (145.\5)(i,<')  Lathrobiuminterglacialr. 

-  ;n).  (14.560)  ('^)  Pterostiehusabrogatus. 

-  40.  (U.5:«))  (1,0)  Uembidium  glaciutum. 

-  41.  (14525)  (?)  Platynus  halli. 
-  42.  (14523)  (?)  Platynus  casus. 

-  43.   (1448<i)(?)  Platynus  desuetus. 

-  44.  (14.522)  (f)  Pterostichnsdestitutus. 
4.').  (14509)  (?)  Uembidium  fraguienturn. 

.  46.  (14049)  (?)  Pterosticbusdestruetus. 
47.  (14504)  (J,»)  Hydrocbus  amictus. 
18.  ( 14.586)  ( ? )  Patrobus  gelatus. 
41».  (14508)  (1,°)  Prerosticbus  dormitans. 
•50.  (V)  Loriceniglacialis.    . 
51.  (14478)  (f )  Platynus  desuetns. 
.52.  (!)  PterosticbuH  gelidus. 

53.  (14505)  (I,")  Heluphurus  rigesceus. 

54.  (14533)  (f)  Platynus  bindei. 
•5ij.  (14.503)  (J|>i)  Pterostichusdonnitans. 
">6.  (14.527)  (\'i)  Elapbrus  irregnlaris. 
.57.  (16416)  (V)  Loricera  glacialis. 
.58.  (14477)  (V)  Platynus  desuetns. 

59.  (?)  Pterostichns  gelidus. 

60.  (16418)  (f )  Pterostichns  gelidus. 

61.  (V)  PterostichuB  pelidus. 


( 


rj  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THtl  TRKKITORIES 
Tertiaf-iy  Insects  ov  Noki'ii  America 


Pl  1 


I  osncliut   A-  .Snv,  l.ith    PhUai. 


QUARTERNAFIY     BoNE     CaVFS    AND      ClAY    BeDS. 


-i 

i 

■       i  1 
1  1 

I 

i 

1 

1  1 
1 

i  1 
1  i 

1 
1 

''ifmmmm 


EXPLANATION    Ol'    PLATE   H. 


-.--».,.„  „„  ,„..  ,„  ,  „„„,  „,.,„  .„,,,.,„^  ^„^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^  ^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^ 


FiK.  1.  (JOftD)  (0  Arunea  «»l„„.l,u„ 
(4()aD)(V)Arauettcol,i.„l,i„.. 

,^^''^>(f)8ben«pI,iHq,.eM,eIi. 
(34aD)  (f)  Si,e„aphi»  ^..e^..^,;.     p,,^^ 

hene..ratlo,,,bevei„Mof,l,etw„„ver 
'apping  wings  .liHtiugnml.,..!  by  b,-'  ^, 

(I9p)  (f )  Oerancon  petroriim 

(15066)  (^)TeIa,Ptrechu««,&Ii. 
(73D)  (})  TelniatrecbiiH  Hl&li 
(75D)  (f)  Cu,li,Ha  coluiubiana 
670 


6. 
7. 
-8. 
9. 

10. 

11. 
^18. 
Vi. 


15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 

ly. 
ao. 

21. 

22. 

23, 

24. 

2.5. 

2ti. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

:to. 

;ti. 

3.'. 


(6uD)  (f )  Cercopiu  Melwyui 

(15072)(J)Cercopi8  8elwyui. 

.^M<??>!'^,  P'^n-'Phlebia  gigautea. 
14W,i.)(V)TeIeo8chiHtUNautin..„» 
40«9)(f)TeWhi«tu,antiqu„      4 

■WD)(f)Teleoscbi8tn»a..tiq,.„..     ^ 
(••HD)  W  Nebria  paleo.nelas 

(i;.7D)(V)Ceroy«„rterrigena. 

(fiID)(f)Troxon8l«leti. 
(51D)  (f)  Buprestis  tertiaria 
(49D)(li)B.ipre8ti8  8axigena. 
(15073)  (y)Bupre8ti8  8»xigeDa 
(«3D)(¥)B,ipre8tig8epulta. 

(24D)(7)Proaietoj.iaUepiIiH. 

(WD)(f)Galerucellapice8. 
(<':<D)  (?)  Tenebrio  primigenius. 


U  S  GEOLOGICAI,  SURVEY  OF  THM  TF.RFITORIES. 
Tertiary  Inheots  of  North  AMERrcA 


Pi,   2. 


5 


l>toi    RincUir  li  Stm.l.lth 


Tertiaries    of  Qtjesneli,  Nicola,  ano    Simiukameen. 

11i-.miv"1'I';ma  .    Coukoi'tkha,    i;i( 


PLATE  III 


■t       s 


EXI'LANATIOX 

All  the  (IrawingH  were  i.iadfl  by  j.  Henry  llUke,  o 

^"iK.    1.  (II))(V)Hetoromyz»He„l||H. 
'■^-  (•")  (f)  HeteroiiiyzadciiiliH. 
:i.  («D)  (V)  Sclomyzu  revelata. 
4.  (14071)  (f)8cioriiyi„M«volttt». 
**•  C^l')  (f)  Soioinyzn  rnvulafn. 
8.  (if)8clomy/,nreveluln.    HeHtored. 
7.  CM))  (f)  HrftLliy|iczftft!.itii. 
«.  (14(i5r.)  rf;  Hrucliypozii  nliitu. 
».  ('JD)(J)B()U,tiimgc|,iiUa. 

10.  (r.D)(f),Mthortalig,.icta. 

11.  (U(i51)(f)l)„i|oho,).wgp. 
la.  ((!D)(f)TiiclioiitadawMO»i     ' 

13.  (l«011>)(f)Triohonta(l8WHoni. 

14.  (4D)(f)  HraohypBztt  prooera  ;  a,  (V)  hind 

tibia. 

15.  (*)D)(?)I'allo,.toramorHcina. 

16.  (5D)(i',4)L,itbnrtulispict.i. 

17.  (4IL»)(Sn8..iarado|.ordita. 

18.  (17D)  (J)  Loncbiott  Honesceiis 
li).  (32D)  (i,«)  Anthoiuyia  inaubuata. 

673 


OF    PLATE    III. 


ixceptinK  KiK.  6.  which  ig  by  8.  II.  Sondder. 


a-.'. 


a.j. 

'Jli. 
!<7. 
as. 

as). 
.11). 

:«. 

;t;:. 

34. 


(16069)  (f)Pl....|a«in.ilkanio«na. 

(l.'-.()6H)(f)l.ieriaHimilkBmee„». 

(HSD)  (J)  Plecia  Kiiuilkameona.  (Copied 
by  Zittel,  Handb.  d  palmont.,  Vig.  lomi.) 
«,  (^o)  au'eniu.,;  A,  (J,")  t|bi»  and  tani 
or  liind  leg, 

'•'lU)  (f)  Pinipla  saxea. 

(i  ID)  (-)  Foriiijca  arcana. 

CD)  (?)  Hypocliiiia  oblitwata. 

(MftVt)  (J)  Hypocliiiia  obliterata. 

(i>D)(})PimpIadece8»a. 

(3,10)  (f )  Aphioiiojjaster  loujriuva. 

(106D)(>o)Pi,„phi«,„..ct.i 

(14a-.0)(f)Pi,„pias^ug„,„ 

(10D)(?)PimpI»Henect8. 

CD)     (f)     Calyptiteg     anfiNlilavianmi,. 

(Copied  by  Zittel,  1.  c,  Kig.  1100  ) 
(7SD)  (f )  Bracor.  gp. 
(aaD)  (V)  Anthoniyia  biirgesni. 


U  S.  GEOLOniCAI,  SURVEY  OF  THE!  TFRRITORIES 
'I'ertiary  Inhkcts  of  Nobth  America 


Pi.  3 


T.Sinol«r»  Son   litt. 


Tertiaries    or  Quesj^el,  Nicola  amid    SimiliKAMeen. 

l)ll"r|'!KA.  IIViMIONOI'Tr:  l«A 


\ 


PLATE  IV 


VOL   XIII IS 


BXPI.ANATION    OF   PLATK   IV. 


AH  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Pig.  1. 
2. 
:!. 


5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 

11. 


(14601)  (?)  Telmatreclius  parallelus. 

(14600)  (t)  Plocia  pealei. 

(14594)  (?)PlociapoBlei. 

(i)  Indusia  calcnlosn.    (Copied  by  Zittcl, 

Handb.  d.  palseont.,  Fig.  985.) 
(V)  Corydalites  feoundiim.      Summit  of 

egg  from  above. 
(V)  Corydalites   feciuidiini.     Siinimit  of 

egg  from  side. 
Ci')  Corydalites  feciindnin.     Base  of  egg 

inclosed  in  its  cell. 
(66)  (?)  Cwlidia  wyoniingonsis. 
(St.  16)  ('i<!)  Sriom.Yza  iiiancaf. 
(14613)  (^^Plecia  pealei. 
(14596)  (?)Plecia  pealei. 
(4o)  (?)  Plecia  pealei. 
(f)  Corydalites  fvcnudum.    The  rigbt  baud 
portion  of  Fig.  14  enlarged. 
(I)  Corydalites  feciindum.     Side  view  of 

one-balf  of  egg-mass,  broken  longitndi- 

nally  in  the  middle. 
674 


Fig.  15.  Corydalites  fecncdum.    Schematic  flgure, 
cross-section. 

16.  (I)  Corydalites  fecundum.  Sivio  view  of 
egg-mass.  (Copied  by  Zittel,  1.  c.,  Fig. 
9aio. 

17.  (V)  Corydalis  cornntns  (recent).  Side 
view  of  egg. 

18.  (-"^f*)  Corydalites  fticnndnin.    Ciuteriform 

roicropylic  prominence  of  snmuiit  of  egg. 

19.  (I)  Corydalites  fecundum.  Sawn  cross- 
eectiou  of  egg-mnss. 

«0.  (I)  Corydalites  fecundum.  Rock  frag- 
ment, showing  two  egg  masses  embedded 
in  it,  with  fresh-water  gastropods  beside 
them. 

21.  (^■^)  Corydalites  fccnndinn.  Side  view  of 
egg.     (Copied  by  Zittel,  1.  c,  Fig.  981ft.) 

22.  (^)  Corydalus  cornntns  (recent).  Side 
view  of  snmmit  of  egg. 

23.  (I)  Corydalites  fecundum.  Broken  ciosa- 
«30tion  of  egg-mass. 


U,  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TF.RRLrORIES. 
Tertiary  Inregts  of  North  America 


Pl   4 


i 


■•.?7r'> 


^yW^W^  ^ 


WiT' 


W" 


14, 


^»!^ 


"ll- 


--- -^.i 


;-:^:r^-m)(«i.}/;;Jg^5Nj 


S£ 


T  .^incliui    Ir  r,oii  i-ilh    i'hiU 


Ml  S  C  K  Ij  L.  AN  E  O  U  S. 


PLATE   V. 


i^^^i 


EXPLANATION    OK    PLATE    V. 

Figs.  1,  -i,  5, 10,  II,  II,  I.-.,  25-j:,  2i»-:u,  ;!7-;«t,  4i-r>i,  r>4,  r.r>,  f)8-tii,  (Mi-7a,  74-76,  7SMJ7,  m-'j-i, »'.,  'm-ioh, 

nO-Vii  W.T.1  .hiiwn  by  ,J.  Ilmiry  lllake;  I'ijjH.  il,  4,  ()-U,  12,  i:(,  l(i,  17,  iia-24,  IW-llT),  40,  41,  W,  53,  (iS, 
SH,  H'J,  Kli,  itr.  lost,  lO'.td  liy  A.  AsNiiiuiiii;  FigN.  20,  21,  73,  77,  10«^10H,  125  by  .J.  II.  Kuiortou;  FigH. 
18,  I!>,  r.(i,  .")7,  (W-(il  by  1'.  Hoctlir,  iiutl  Fign.  2ri,  lid,  7ri,  'Si,  1)4  by  S.  H.  SciKldor.  Tlie  origiual  driiw- 
iiigs  111"  FigH.  G,  l:i,  23,  57,  ti4  were  itlso  altered  by  S.  il.  8cii(liler,  and  Figs.  104  iiiul  115  were  afler 
liiH  caiiierit  liicidu  sketcbt'H. 


Fig.    1.  (16054)  (V)  OiuiiiiiinntiiH  vutuii. 

2.  (I50.i4)  ())  (.'aiiipiiiiDtiiii  vi'tiu. 

3.  (lM).'i7)  (3)  Sai:ki<iil:iiii'i'uata. 

4.  (15<I57I  (f)  Suckmiiii  arc'iata. 

5.  Cilfi)  (})  Acrucura  liiisiita. 
(t.  (Wi)  (^>  (iiiiH-ioto  (U'lituiii. 

7.  (la)  (I)  (iiuiriHUMleiitoui. 

8.  ;l<ta)  it)  ('itlex  nroavitUH. 
b,  (16(1)  (I)  (Jiilitx  prouviliiH. 

10.  (15(IM)  (I)  Linmi'tiipuiii  piiiKiie. 

11.  (<(W>)  Ul'imI  ot' a  hyniHiiiipturuiis  ins»ct. 
1*2.  (2)  (0  Sackuuia  a'roiiala. 

13.  (2)  (I,')  Savkimiaaii'iiiita.     (C'oi)IC(1  by  Zitttil,  Jtlaudb. 

II.  paliiMinu.  Ki;;.  1U8H.I 

14.  (7Ha)  (})  [chiieu'inou  petrinus. 
Ifi.  (78ai  ([)  iclineuiuon  petvinus. 
IH.  (4b)  (!j)  Dicranom.Yia  HtiKiii»8a. 

17.  (4b)  ())  Dicraliolii'yla  atiuiiiuHa. 

18.  j.'VI)  ({)  (JtiirniioiniiH  patiuia. 
ID.  (54)  el)  (.'liivonoiiiltH  patfUH. 

20.  (67a)  CO  Divnuiiimviupriiiiltiva. 

21.  (S7a)(j)  Dicraiioi.iyia  priiuitiva. 

22.  (7a)  (I)  Cui'i'thravxita. 

23.  (7a)  (1)  Cim'IhraoiiiUi. 

24.  (7lf^)  (t)  Cliirnnoiuiilm  Mp. 

2.'i.  (UL>b)  (^)  DicraiiiiiiiyiaarijiiiioHa. 
2('    (O'.'b)  (I)  Dici'uiiiitnyia  Hti);iiio»a. 

27.  (lb)  (!)  Dicianiiniviu  Htiuniusu. 

28.  (.'>4)  C,'^)  ('hirniiuuiiiH  iiatclis. 
2!>.  (706)  (U  Liiaioptfra  rccfs-sa. 

30.  (70b)  (*|)  LaMioptera  loceHaa. 

31.  (70b)  rV)  LaHiopt«ra  roc«rt«a. 

32.  Old)  (f>  (Jhirniioinliliu  np. 

33.  (7I''I  (I)  Chironumiilr  H|i. 

34.  (L'-OSO)  (;j)  Lithoinyzncomlita.  (Copied by  ZIttel.  1.0.. 

Till.  1080. ) 
33.  ClO'iD)  (|)  LiMiumyza  ciiiiilita. 
30.  (IfiO.'iO)  (t)  Lilliomyza  ooiiil  tn. 

37.  (77a)  ('/)  Spilailouiyia  ahuplux. 

38.  (77a)  (|)  S|Mlailoiii.via  HimplHx. 

39.  (15001)0)  I'roaiiplilt'liia  I'uiliviva. 

40.  (8i  (jj)  Diuiaiioiuyiariiatrata. 

41.  (8)  (I)  Dicranoinyia  rontiata. 

42.  (.')3)  h)  l>icrauo;ii,via  HtlKiixiiia. 

43.  (53)  ())  l>l>M'aiioiiivia.stii:inuaa. 

44.  (.'i8<')  ())  Mvuolopliila  ucciillata. 

45.  (.'i8c)(i)  Mvoi'topliilauoctillato. 
40.  (60b)  ({I  Tipiila  tuula. 

47.  (UOb)  (i)  Tipiila  tccta. 

48.  (46/<)  (j)  Kri.HlaliHiaplitoiiH. 
4».  (40b)  (j)  Erixtalis  I'ipidKus. 
SO.  (3:)i;)  (';')  Sackeiiia!  up. 

5t.  (33<!)  (V)  Pai'opsc)uui4  (UHJiinotus. 
.W.  (LWOl)  (0  Hviliopsvelin'(ipiTt4l. 
.5.1.  (1.50C4)  («)  lIvdropnyoliiopiTta. 

64.  (15000)  (i)  My.MMdpliila  ocoiiltata. 

65.  (16000)0)  Mviti'topliilaocciiltata. 
.56.  (70a)  (()  Tipiila  (li'crfpita. 

57.  ((Oa)  (()  Tipulailocriipita. 
68.  (43)  (?)  TnUiKonia  ulilurta. 
5lt.  (43)  (()  TottlKollla  obleuta. 

60.  (67i!')  (?)  (A  ainallHiieeieso     Milsciilie.) 

61.  (57f;')  ({)  (A  RitiaU  apetMus  of  MuaoiiliD.) 

62.  (4.5rt)  (jj)  (Jliiriiuoiiiiia  ditplntiis. 

63.  (3D)  0)  Oicraiiomyia  tualiato. 

673 


Fig.  04. 
05. 
60. 
67. 
68. 
00. 
7U. 
71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
7.5. 
7». 
77. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
M. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
02. 
03. 
94. 

e.>. 

06. 

07. 

(Vf. 

90. 
lOi). 
101. 
102. 
103. 
IM. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 

1 00a 
110. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 

110. 
117. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
129. 


(30)  (1)  Uiernnoniyla  roalrata. 
(6a)  (j)  Dicranoiuyia  priiuitiva. 
(6b)  (i)  Uioraiioiu)'ia  prlmiliva. 
(a/>)  (I)  Ulcrauuiuyia  priiuitiva. 
(41b)  ())  Oioraiioiiiyia  HtiKniuaa. 
(41b)  ())  DlcranoniyiaatlKiiioaa. 
(33)  (!)  I'aoliymci  UK  petrenaln. 
(33)  ([)  Paclirini'niH  petreuaia. 
(JiO)  (})  Mtiftua  liyd.-ojiica. 
(71b)  (0  Milan  bilioxa. 
(50)  (i)  MitHca  aacarides  f 
(03b)  O)  Miiacaascaridesi 
(15063)  (V)  Ueteromvza  detccta. 
(18)  0)  Ml       viuculaia. 
(15002)  (t)  CMtaroinyia  feneatrata. 


(17b)  ( 


)  &f uaca  aacaridtia. 


(7Hb)  (2)  MuHtaap. 

(78b)  (  )  MiiHCa  a|i. 

(52c)  (  )  Miiaca  a.icarldtia. 

(62c)  (  )  MiiHcauacai-idus. 

(.V2c)  (il)  MiiMca  aacaridva. 

(16053)  (I)  MiiHcaaararidoa. 

(17c)  (I)   Nliiaca  aacaridf'a. 

(03b)  (j)  Milaca  aai^aridea. 

(20)  0)  Lilliiulollii'ipa  vi'tiista. 

(29)  (j)  Utlindotlnipa  VHtiiaU. 

(46b)  (?)  Mi'laiiollirlpa  extincta. 

(4.ib)  (j)  Mi'laiii>tliri)m  vxtilicta. 

(l.'iOSS)  0)  Miiaua  livdnipica. 

(1.5055)  (»)  .Miiara  li.vdropica. 

(44b)  (V)  livilio»i'ii]>iia  lapidescena. 

(41)  (!)  l)«lpluix  at'Uilla. 
(22)  rf)  Aiihana  atava. 
(22)  (j)  Apliaua  atava. 
(.53b)  0)  MiiHca  a.scaridea. 
(,53c)  (i)  Miiacaaii. 

(.53c)  (f)  Miiaiui  np. 

(10b)  (t)  Miiaca  aacaridua. 

(42)  (0  Utiiadoti.lipavetuata. 
(42)  i\)  Litiiailotliritia  vetiiata. 
(),")    I'ala-utliriiiH  tuaHilia. 

(VI  I'alnjothripa  I'osHilis. 

(44a)  (})  UuHca(  sp. 

(20)  (t)  Muaca  bjdrupica. 

(73a)  (j)  Miiai'a?  ap. 

(10)  (3)  Eutiniiia  priinurdialia.    (Cupiud  by  ZltteL 

I.e..  Fiir.lOll.) 
(10)  (()  EutiniuHprimonlialii!. 
(15002)  (t)  Ox,v):nutiH  iiiurtiiiia. 
(1.5062)  (V>  Oxyiiiiiiiii  niortaiia. 
(48)  (1)  l.eiatotropliim  palriaruhious. 
(36)  (0  Kpipliaiiia  di^lotiia. 
(36)  (H  Epiphania  delatua. 
(V»  PiiboDthripa  fuaailia.    (Copied  by  Zitlcl.  1.  o., 

Fig.  999.) 
(07)  (})  I,aiio|iliilu8  ap. 
(07)  (f)  Laci-o|t]iiIiia  ap. 
(63a)  (5)  Oiytehia  priatiiiua. 
(63a)  (1)  Oxvtebiapiiatiniia. 
(63o)  (■-')  OiytiliiB  priatiiiua. 
(34)  (!)  KeuibidiUTu  exob'tiim. 
(34)  (I)  Banibidiuiu  oxoletimi. 
(77b)  (J)  GyrophBiiia  aaxicola.  ' 

(77b)  (J)  GvriipliHina  aaxicola. 
(46a)  ({)  Brucbaa  anilia. 


U  S  GEOLOGICAl,  ^URVL-^Y   OF  THM  •i'i'.F^^, 


!HlEi 


White   River  Beds,   Wkstern  Colorado. 


r 


x^ 


^si^fea^^Miw 


PLATE  VI. 


EXPLAVATFOV 

All  tliedrnwingn  were 

I'ig.    1.  (147P)   (f)    ]ljHa«ri.,„    ,,a„k,...lii ,    body 
only.  ' 

2.  (■»«!)  (if)  DysngrioiifrotUiririi;  lico,l  imd 

basoof  wii)jf. 

3.  (14fiP)(f)0.v«aKrion  imekaidii;  C.re  wiriK- 

(Copied  l.y  ZHM,  Mnndl..  d.  ,ml,..ont.' 
Fif;.  97!).) 

4.  (4175)  (?)  Lihollnla  8,..;  ,,.v,m«.«  of  Vi. 

16;  imrf  (.f(il,(l„i„n„. 
r..  (4178)  (f)   I)y„„„rio.i  fre<lori.v   ;    ,,urt  of 

nlidoinoii. 
<i.  (1170)  (f)  DyNaKiioii  friMlriicii ;  („rminal 

jointHot'iilidoiiiitii. 
7.  (41Gi))   0)  I'odagiion   al.ortiviiin ;   tip  „C 

lore  will);  next  pt.^rostigiiiii. 
8.(41(59)   (j)    Podagrioii    aUortiviiiii ;    fore 

wing. 

!».  (4167-4168)  (f)  ny«aKrion  Crodorlcli  ;  fore 
wing. 

10.  (4179)(f)nyHa){rionlrpdorioii;  Iicad. 

11.  (l47P)(})Dy8iigilon  packardii;  nhdomi- 

iial  uppoiKlagPH. 

12.  (858P)(V)r.vod.«t«rtiaMi,«. 

IX  (418H)   (f)   Proneinobiiw  toriarins;    fore 
wing. 

14.  (4165-41fifi)«)Dy8agrionfrpdericiiti  fore 
wing. 

ir..  (1541{)(y)luiug  telhister.  1 

678  I 


OP   PLATE    VI. 

made  l.y  ,1.  n,.,iry  Blake. 

'•'ig.  Ki.  (4170)  (f)  LII.ellnla«p.;  rcverseof  Pig  4- 

partofalxlonien. 

17.  (417.1) (f)nv„a,{rio„fred«ricii;  abdomen; 

ocoidonfally  placed  on  the  plate  upside 

down. 

IH.  (liap)  C)  Proiieniol.iiis  indnratns;  part 

of  wing. 
19.  (:WK)  (f)  (,'ixiiiH  'leHporidiiin. 
a<>.  (I44L)(f)  KiearaNitBH Mtlginatlnuni. 
iJl.  (t)ProneniobiuH  ti<rtiariiig. 
'-'■J.  (f)  ProiieniobiiiH  Hniitliii. 

a:t.  (18K)  (7)  I'roiiomol.iiiHtortiariiis;  hiudleg. 

a4.  (407(i)  0)  I,yHtra  richardsoni. 

25.  (l;t7p)  (7)  I'aralatlndiaNansNnrei. 

«•■  (lUI')(f)Ci<;adiilaHaxo8tt. 

27.  (I75U)  («)  Apliana  rotnndipcnnis. 

**!'  .?,!!:>^  *''  '''""'l»'i«<'l''ngata;  fore  wing. 

29.  (IOOR)(f)Acoceplial,madH.. 

:«).  (4217)  (?)Ly8tra  richardsoni. 

•"•  (4207-4308)  (?)  l.ystra  richardsoni. 

■  2.  (115P)  (f)  C.Mcopitos  calliscens. 

;•«•  (H«I')(f)TI,an.n„tettixKannettl. 

.14.  (117P)C,)  Uaninmptoryx reticulata;  part* 

III  two  foro  wingN. 
XV  (4i»K)(})K„|g„rttgrannIo8«. 
•«■  /].'l'?  9'  '^'*''"P»'''  "'"iTiata;  fore  wing. 
•<7.  (4185)(t)Lithop8i8ni„briata.  ((Jopiedbv 
Zittel,  1.  c,  tig.  989.) 


a  S  GEOLOGICAI,  SURVEY  OF  THK   rKKHITORIES 
Tertiary  Insects  of  Nohth  America 


Pi,  fi 


Oeu  S  HftiTtw&SijTiH  i 


Green  River  Beds,     Wyomino    Terr 

NKiHoi'TKriA  ,     ()u'rii<)i"T»;nA    11i:mii"i  I-; HA 


^*«iL 


PLATE  VII. 


Fig 


Ail  tbe  drawings  were  ,ua.lo  by  ,J  He.irv  m  l. 


M4aia)(?)i,v„trancharaHoni. 

':    iSmT>"'''''""'"'''•''•'"*^«-»'- 
73°w     T^      """'"'"'^«'"'"««■■• 
8       Mriw/  *''"'''"•'"  r-atofact.v. 

»I  parently  the  tormina  ofiL.ut  ho,  ,t, ! 

"•anco  to  Oliari.N  l.iteiisis,  Fie.    !«    j, 
manifest.  *'        '  '* 

W    ?)('ori.„8g„ttat.„. 
(l|.2H)('0),ste,.o,„,Uar..„ct„lata.an..a 

15     1  OpV/^wf"''"'"'"' """"'»"'■- 
'•    .    "'^(^)*^"'«'"»l'om.lata. 

s'    ■Si"'^""'''*"^*«"•"■^"I"■ 
18.  (liaP)(V)01ian.8n«ton.si«. 

^1.  (l"P)(f)Cbolulatrig„ttat». 
680 


11. 
12. 


«o.  ci.WK)  (f)  Pbeiio  aincanax 

(^op.ed^yZitte..Haoab.aWon7: 

^  ,fLS  '-'''''"''"'^  ^^"'mtn.;  r...r>^ 
.«    f!"'"''"^  "^  Laccoblus  ol«n«at„s 

■,7  )f;^^^''''^'«"tl'a"e8te8ten8. 
■4.  (AiP)(r)PIa.;ynu8c,osns. 

?\l2/r  w"''"''''"''""'"■'"^"'''• 
.,„    ^,  •'^^  W  Platyiinssenox. 
•9.  (4059;(nNeotbttue8tc8te..s 

^^L^  ^"  -"''wndrita  vestita. 


41. 

4a. 


I  ^ 

i 


>**7  """^ 


U  S.  GEOLOGICAI ,  SURVEY  OF  THE  TE?VdT DRIES 
Teetiahy  Inskcts  of  North  Amebfca 


Pl    7 


'■ir-^.a  Htim3*»i-^tn(  (.;'.rij'r\i(« 


Creen   River   Beds,     W^omino    Terr 

Hi-.Mii''i'i';r».>,      ('iji.K»>PTr,iiA 


PLATE  Yin. 


EXPLANATION    OF    I'LATE    VIII. 

All  the  drawings  were  maUe  by  J.  Heury  Blake,  excepting  Fign.  5,  ;i(), 

Roetter. 

Fig.  '. 
2. 
3. 
4. 


:U,  33,  34,  which  are  by  P, 


6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18 
19. 
20. 
21. 
82. 


(4038)  (V)  Anobiiim  ovale. 

(4023,4027)  ('{)  Tropistemus  naxMU 

(15223)  (i,s)  Cryptorb.vuch.i8  annosne, 

(-.035)  (f )  Cratoparis  repertiis. 

(15199)  (f )  Philhydrus  primfcvns. 

(3999)  (JjO)  Dryocictes  carbonarius. 

(4104)  (f )  Epicmriis  eftossuH. 

(4002)  (?)  Berosi.s  tenuis. 

(106L)  (\J)  Cboragus  fictilis. 

(408I)(f)Ble(1iu8adamu8. 

(¥)  Hydroohus  rolictus. 

(4046)  (f)  Eugnaniptus  decenisatus. 

(4204)  (f)  Otiorhynchus  ♦uinbic. 

(f )  Homalota  rocisa. 
(15204)  (f)  Latbrobiuui  abscessuui. 
(48L)  (3,0)  Anthononius  soporus. 
(V)  Horniiscus  partitus. 
(40S6)  (\o)  Anobiiini  deceptum. 
(V)  ^gialia  riipta. 
(15234)  (f)  Kuguaruptiis  grandiovus. 
(84P)  (f)  Latbrobiiini  abscessum. 
(f )  Tanyniecus  seculoruui.    The  rostrum  is 
lacking,  not  having  been  esposed  when 
the  plate  was  made. 


Fig.  23.  (f )  ListronotuR  iimratus. 

24.  (4082)(f)..Doliiumlignitam. 

25.  (15213)  (£)  Otorhynchus  perditns. 

26.  (4047)  (V)  Gymnetron  lecoutei. 

27.  (4007)  (f)  Hydrobins  deciueratus. 

28.  (15218)  (V)  Dryocaitcs  impressus. 

29.  (4078)  (?)  E«dlagog-,s  terros.is. 

30.  (15239)  (DEpic.orus  oxauiniis. 

31.  (15239)  (f )  Epicii  niR  oxauimls. 

32.  (1.5200)  (t)  Stat,:i/l-,itcs  obsoletum. 

33.  (15207)  (i)  Epic...  rns  saxatilis. 

34.  (15207J  (f)  Epicurus  saxatilis. 

35.  (f )  EpicKTus  effossus. 

36.  (15208)  (f)  Epicjcrus  saxatilis. 

37.  (4051)  ({)  Hylobins  provoctus. 

38.  (4014)  (i,0)  Epicerus  exanimis. 

.      39.  (4210)  (f )  Ophryastcs  compactus. 

40.  (4012)  (?)  Cratoparisf  olusus. 

41.  (15215)  (?)  Hylobius  provectus. 

42.  (3991)  (f)Epica!rus  exanimis. 


M 


I  i 


i*s«a:j  ^-fiiSi*  »^  v*?^^Mair¥aH 


u  s.  G?:nLGGi(:Ai,  survey  of  tfie  territories 

!'[-;htiary  In.'-'.kc;'!';    '.'V  Mdhtii  America 


'3pu  S  H»rnp*Snnii  I.i'ti  Th;' 


Green   River   Beds.     Wyomino    Terr. 

<  ■(  ii,i;<>i"i'i;ma 


PLATE  IX 


,_      ©     x^   ' 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE    IX. 


All  the  .IrawingB  were  made  by  J.  Henry  IJlake,  excepting  Fig.  21,  which  iH  by  Edward  Barge.* 


Fig.   1.  (1619-2)  (f)Sciomyzainaiioa. 

2.  (15186)  (Jf )  Soiomyza  manoa. 

3.  (15187)  (V)  Soiomyza  manca. 

4.  (4125)  ^?)  Scioniyza  manca. 

5.  (15193)  (f )  Sciomyza  manca 

6.  (15186)  (¥)  Sciomyza  manca. 

7.  (^°)  Sciomyza  di^ecta. 

8.  (4U3)  (If)  Chilosia  sp. 

9.  (59L)  (f )  Psilota  tabidosa. 

10.  (4143)  (?)  Stenocinolis  anomala. 

11.  (71L)  (\o)  Callomyia  torporata. 

12.  (66L)  (V)  Anaclinia  f  sp. 

13.  (14691)  (f)Milesiaquadrata. 

14.  (16184)  (f)  Chilosia  ampla(T). 

15.  <  15191)  (f )  Sciomyza  manca. 

16.  (15196)  (f )  Sciomyza  manca. 

17.  (V)  Asarcomyia  cadaver. 
684 


Fig,  18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32 
32. 


(15188)  (?)  Sciomyza  manca. 
(14696)  (?)Poliomyia  recta. 
(4121)  (?)  Sciomyza  manca. 
(14696)  (?)  Poliomyia  recta. 
(2L)  (?)  Sciomyza  disjucta. 
(15195)  (?)  Sciomyza  manca. 

(15189)  (?)  Sciomyza  manca. 
(4149)  (V)  Sciomyza  dinjecta. 
(?)  Chilosia  f  sp. 

(4112)  (?)  Chilosia  ampla. 
(15194)  (?)  Sciomyza  manca. 
(f )  Sciomyza  manca. 
(15237)  (^0)  Soiomyza  disjecta. 
(?)  Lithophysa  tnmulta. 

-.197)  (?)  Sciomyza  disjecta. 
(4131)  (V)  Sciomyza  disjecta. 


0 


u  s.  oriULnnicAh  :ujhvf,y  of  thi'; 'I'I'IRhi'i^ories. 

"f.htiaf-iy  [nskc'ivs  ok  NnKTii  Amkkica 


Pi, 


r.'.  Binclair  S,  Sun  I,i!li  I  liil.ul 


Grekn  River  Beds,     W'vomino    Terr. 

1)li"i-»:i«A 


PLATE   X. 


KXlM.AffATION     OK    IM,ATK    X, 

All  the  (IrawiiiKN  w»ro  iiiucio  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Flff.    1.  (9i')(f)  Tlpula  sepulfiliri. 

•i.  (HP)  (f)  Ryiiio»iii Htrangulnftt. 
:t.  (:I7L)  (f )  Bolotlim  umbrntifn. 
4.  >.7)  Tipnla  Hpollata. 
r..  (IHP,  roveweil)  (J)  Siiioiny/.n f  n|». 
<i.  (!K)L)(V)Sci(>i)Jiil,il.y»ttii. 

7.  (I,*)  Holotiiia  imliiiljvugu. 

8.  (lOP)  (1,0)  Cbiroiioiiiii.t  wtptiiM. 
a.  (98L)(?)8.vii.hi.I.i.frtp. 

10.  (151H8)(V)  Diudocidia  terricoU 

11.  (15182)  (?)Dla(l()ciilia  terricola. 

12.  (4134)  (V)  Mycetopbili(l.i)  np. 

13.  (14P)|i,<')AnatelIatacita. 

14.  (V)t  ilex  clamnatonim. 

15.  (fiL)    f )  StenooincliHf  Hp. 

16.  (aP)  (',';  Suiara  Hcopiili. 
680 


FlK.  17.  (8P)«)PleciB  dejecta. 
18.  (130I')(J)Uraconidni8p. 
10.  (ia9P)(f)Khy(WBjiiveiii8. 
ao.  (15178)  (»,")  Decatoiiiaantiiiiiaf 
ai.  (131P)  (1,0)  LiUiotonw  creHW.iii. 
aa.  (l.-inTX^J^MymiieaMp. 
33.  (1409a)  (?)LnHi«H(„rreiw. 
ai.  (:«!L)  (f)K«lylu8liitutns. 
a.").  (7tiL)  (f )  Glypta  trnnHvergalU. 
a»i.  (2aL)(';)Taxoimg  nortoni. 

27.  (iaL)  ({)Taxoiiii»  nortoni. 

28.  (13:iP)(f)Bracouid.Bgp. 

23.  (4Ulfi)  (V)  Bracou  laniiuariini. 

30.  (132P)(?)DidhieiH  Holidegcens. 

31.  (4070)  (?)I>eratoiuaaiiti(iua. 


Green  River  Beds,     Wttomino    Terr. 


PLATE  XI. 


7^:: 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE     XI. 

All  the  drawiofrg  were  made  by  J.  Heury  Blake. 


Fig.  1.  (9285)  (f )  Epeira  sp. 

2.  (3804)  (?)  Epeira  meekii  9 . 

X  (13521)  (f )  Theridiniii  opertuiieuii'  9  . 

4.  (2831)  (f)  Clubiouii  tireana,;. 

5.  (8269)  (})  Anyphaiiia  iiiterita9  . 
.   fl.  (13523)  (j)  Epeira  <lflita((3'f). 

7.  (7583)  (?)  Epeira  aliscuiidlla,;. 

8.  (8205)  (?)  Tethnous  giiyoti  g  . 

9.  (9677)  (})  Tliomisiis  disjunctus. 

10.  (320)  (?)  Tethueus  guyoti  ;  . 

11.  (5000)  (f)  Tetragnatha  lertiarla,?. 

12.  (11651)  (f)  Neph  la  peniiatipe89  . 

13.  (5502)  (f)  Thomisus  resiitus.     Tbu   libiie 

Hhoiibl    be  slenderer  at  the  base. 

14.  (8689)  ( i )  Tethnens  hentzil  ^ . 

15.  (8777)  (f)  Epeira  eiuertoiii,?. 

16.  (8576)  (f)  Epeira  ciuefa«ta<?. 

17.  (9211)  (?)  Epeira  meekii  ^ . 

688 


23. 
24. 
25. 


I'lg.  18.  (6492)(f)Clubionalatebro8a,f. 

19.  (5117)  (f )  Epeira  emertcni  $ . 

20.  (9026)  (?)  Theridium  seclusum <J . 

21.  ( 1.3522)  ( f )  Tethueus  provectus  9 . 

22.  (5944 )  ( ? )  Cliibiona  eversa  J . 
(4742)  ( f )  TboiuiHiiH  dufosHiis <? . 
(199)  (?)  Clubioua  ostoutata  <f  . 
(14032)  (?)  Liiiyphia  reteiisa,?  .      K.-v.  i.v 

of  Fig.  27,  lower  part. 

26.  (845'»)  (?)  Parattus  resurrectuH  (  9  f ). 

27.  (12s>/6)(?)Linyphiareteii8a<J.    (See  Fig. 
25.) 

28.  (805)  (?)  Segestria  Hece8aa9. 

29.  (13520)  (?)  Titancuca  iugeiiua9. 

30.  (4921)(f)Anaiit,  iutroducedby  aucideut. 

31.  (7177)  (?)  Tethnens  obduratii8  9  . 

32.  ( 11203)  (?)  Titanoeea  ingenua9  . 


X, 


!KlW»SiBS*ii»!ai. 


XJ   S.  C.EOLOCICAL  SURVFJY   OK  THFl  rEHKITORlES 
Tehtiaky  Inkeots  of  NfiH'i'n  Ami.;ixiga 


i'l.  :11, 


The   FijOKIkjsant  Basin 

Al<  A<1INII>.\ 


PLATE   XII 


VOL  XIU a 


«" 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE   XII. 


All  the  drawings  were 
Fig.    1.  (399)  (f )  Cone  of  Sequoia,  seen  in  cro«,. 
section ;  supposed  when  this  plate  was 
engraved  to  be  a  coiled  luyriapod. 
a.  (8616)  (f)  Paroternius  hagonii. 

3.  (1247)  ff)  Parotermes  fodina). 

4.  (13526)  (j)  Ephemera  niacilenta,  larva. 

5.  (8824)  (f)  Ephemera  iuiinobilis,  larva. 

6.  (6010)  (f)  Hodoternies  T  coloradensis. 

7.  (10660)  (f)  Ephemera  pnmicosa,  pupa. 

8.  (4643)  (?)  Taphacris  reliqnattt. 

9.  (5.587)  (f)  Ephemera  exsuccii. 

10.  (13526)  (f)  Ephemera  uiaciU-iitu,  lurvn. 
a.  (349)  (V)  Necropeylla  rigida. 


made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 

Pig.  12.  (19M)  (?)  Eutermes  meadii. 

13.  (9041)  (?)  Parotermes  insignls. 

14.  (400)  (f )  Parotermes  insignis. 

15.  (1516)  (?)  Ephemera  pnmici.MU,  larva. 

16.  (233)  (I)  Ephemera  pumtcosa,  larva. 

17.  (31)  (?)  Entermes  meadii. 

18.  (1693)  (?)  Leplsma  platy r;i.     Some  of 

the  abdominal  joints  are  uoi.iuilicated. 

19.  (4643)  (I)  Taphacris  reliquuta. 

20.  (6049)  (?)  Entermes  fossarum. 

21.  (310)  (J^)  Necropsylla  rigid,,. 
a2.  (11190)  (I)  Parotermes  fwliuu). 


U  S  GEOLOGJCAL,   SURVRY  OF  THE  TRKRITORIES 

IV.RTiAKY  rHSif.(;'i';;  of  North  Amkriga 


I,  IE 


T  Smcliui   I  Son  Ijth   PhiUa. 


Thpj  Fi.orihsant  Basin 

MvKiAi'oii  A .    Ni;n<<ii'i'i;uA 


"•w^^.^srj 


KXPI.ANATION    OF    PLATE    XIII. 


Kg.   1.  (8347)(J)^gohna(iEsohna)iioIUla. 
8.  (8995)  (f )  LimDopH.vohe  diHpersa. 

3.  (7728)  (f )  Nearunia  evanesceim. 

4.  (8619)  (?)  Llthagrion  hyalinum. 
6.  (407)  (})  Phryganea  labefaota. 

6.  (8016)  (?)  Agrion  exsnlaris. 

7.  (12239)  (f)  Polyoentropus  T  wviratos 

8.  (6824)  (I)  Agrion  maBoesoens. 

699 


All  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Heury  Blake. 

Pig 


9.  (6824)  (t)  Agrion  maaoewens. 

10.  (13525)  (t)  Agrion  tellnris. 

11.  (1816)  (t)  ^sohna  larvata. 

12.  (6927)  (f )  Litliagrion  nmbratuni. 

13.  (2514)  (f )  Derobroohns  craterie. 

14.  (816.1)  (?)  Lithagrion  umbrutiim. 

15.  (11603)(t)iE;8ohDa(Ba8i{esobna)aeparaU. 


ij  s  c.ti'.ni.onrrAi,  r.uKVKV  df  thk  TKHKn'oruEs 

Trrtiary  lNKE(yr5;.  nv  NoH'm  Amkhica 


Pi,    [3 


T  Smcliii    I    SoM  l.ilh    PhiU 


The  Flohissant  Basin. 

.Nki'hoptkha  . 


PLATE  XIV. 


EXPLANATION  OF   PLATE  XtV. 

All  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake,  exuuittint;  Vign.  l;t  uiul  14,  which  were  traced  by  S.  H. 
Scnddt-r  from  a  niicrophntofrrapli,  taken  by  Sainiicl  Wells,  Ksq. 


ii 


Fig.    1.  (I.,i8f.)  (^)  Inocelliu  vi-lcniriu.    The  vein 
repr-senfiug  ii  brut  coHtal  vein  «f  the 
right  wing  does  not  exist. 
it.  (438:1)  (f)  Uhiiiihidi!!  T  traiiquilla,^ . 

3.  (13f);i7)  (f)  Obuiylns  reqnietus. 

4.  ((>:))  (f )  Hulti)r|)a  iiiacnhwa. 
&.  (6:<)  (I)  Holcorpa  inaculnr-.a. 

6.  (670)  (J)  Tribochrystt  firinnta. 

7.  (8792)  (V)  Trib(,chrysa(iinmt». 

5.  (14l(;8)  ())  Oaniyln.i  r,  .{iiielnH. 

9.  (ll'A)4)  (?)  Tril)ocliiyHa  vetiiNcnlu. 
10.  (8?9-.J)(f)TriboohrysaHrnmta;  hind  win);. 
G94 


Fig.  11.  (8792)  ([)  TribochryHtt  firniatn;  fore  wing. 

12.  (»:)7:<)  (f)  luocellia  HODiDolenta9. 

l:<.  (^:UU)  ({)  Paheochrysa  stricta;  front 
wing;  the  basal  halfof  thenppercnbital 
vein  shonld  not  be  straight  but  zigzag 
like  the  apical  half;  tlio  basul  portion 
of  the  intercubital  area  is  also  wrongly 
given. 

14.  (7340)(f  )Palieouliry8a8tricta;  hind  wing; 

the  cross  veins  of  the  costal  area  are  not 
shown. 

15.  (956)  (<()  InocelliatumnlataJ'. 


pammmmm 


U  S  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
Tertiary  iNSKf.rs  of  North  America 


Pi,  14, 


...lan-  t  Don  l.ilh   Ph'^iii 


TlIK     Fl.ORTHHANT     BASIN 
.Nrriu>i-ri;n.\    (I'lami-kn-nia.) 


EXPLANATION   OF    PLATE   XV. 

All  tbo  drawiiigg  were  made  by  J.  Henry  Uliike. 


Pig.   1.  (8065)  (f)  Leptobrochtis  liiieus. 
a.  (9416)  (f)  DerobrochuH  iiiarcidns. 

3.  (8d5*)  (f)  Leptobrocbiis  liiteiis. 

4.  (1.947)  (?)  Derobrocbus  ciaterie. 

5.  (1441)  (I)  LiniuofibiliiH  soporatiis. 

6.  (5433)  (f )  Derobrocbus  friKosceiis. 
(11205)  (f)  Hydropsycbo  marcens. 
'319)  (V)  Diopleginn  iibdtictuiii. 
(13137)  (¥)Tinodes  paliidigena. 
(14210)  (?)  Litobrochiis  exteriiatns. 
C96 


8, 

9. 

10. 


Fig.  11.  ((i8B4)  (V)  Megobrochus  letbieus. 

12.  (9630)  (f)  Psecadia  niortuella.     Reverse 
of  Fig.  17. 
(4423)  (If)  Mesobrochiis  iinbecillus. 
(8422)  (f )  Paladicella  eniptiouis. 

15.  (11754)  {ij)  Setcdes  portionalis. 

16.  (2677)  (f)  Derobrocbus  frigescens. 
(8460)  (f)  PReca<liu  niortuella.    Reverse  of 

Fig.  12. 


13. 
14. 


17. 


Wi 


IJ  &.  GEaLOGIGAL  SURVKY  OF  'I'HM  TERRITORIES 
'IturJAKY  iHSKtn'i;  of  North  Amf.ric.a 


I'l,    l.S. 


Su.r.Uir  1   ;'.<.i-.   l.iO.    I'hiU 


The   FijO«.issant  Basin 


PLATE  XVI 


EXPI^NATION    OF    PLATE    XVI, 


rt-    -■■■'> 


Fig.  1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 


All  the  drawings  were  ...ade  by  J.  Henry  Blako,  excepting  Pig.  18,  wl.ieh  is  by  8.  H.  Scndder. 


(1.603)  (f)  Lubiduromnia  borniausi,?. 
(390)  (f )  Labidiironmia  niortalc  J' . 
(3B32)  (^)  Labiduroninja  avia$. 
(1.381)  (f  )  Quedins  breweri. 
(13644)  (f)  Jjabiduromma  avia^. 
(3705)  (})  Labiduronima  mortale^. 
(2604)  (f )  Labidnromma  infernum  g . 
(10627)  (f )  Quedins  cliamberlini. 
(5004)  (f)  Labiduronima  labena  (young). 

(11208)  (f )  Labiduromma  comniixtum  9 . 

(11209)  (?)  /^abiduromma  avia9. 
(13546)  (f)  Labidnromma   exsulaturaj. 

(Copied  by  Zittel.  Handb.  d.  palieont.. 
Pig.  959.) 


Fig.  13.  (14471)  (^)  Labidnromma  labens^. 

14.  (4736)  (J)  Labidnromma  gilberti  ^  . 

15.  (8334)  (})  Labiduromma  tertiarinm$. 

16.  (7118)  (})  Labiduromma  lubcn8,J. 

17.  (1832)  ( j)  Labiduromma  commixtnni  9 . 

18.  (14688)  (I)  Labiduromma  tertiariiini  J. 

19.  (316)  (f)  Labidnromma  lithophilum  9. 

20.  (13001)  (f)  Labiduromma mortale 9 . 

21.  (4925)  (j)  Labidnromma  tertiarium,J. 

22.  (11740)  (f )  Labiduromnm  avia<f . 

23.  (8022)  (f)  Labidnromma  avia 9. 

24.  (5278)  (t)  Labidur  ,i  ma  sp. 


3!      I 


U  S  GEUL0GK:AI,  T^URVKY  OP'  the  TRRRITOy^tES 

'iKf<riAHY  InKKCTO   of  NoFVPH   l.MERICA 


Pl  16 


vV  : 


I  ....1 


:n   ' 


•v^ 


15  *,^^ 


*^^,» 
("*.^i 


^ 


'IKM 


v^ 


>^ 


,    -4 
•     1 

'4 


^ 


FT' 


■  I 


The  Florissant  Basin. 

OhTHUI'TKUA        I  I''<>1»KI<I!I.AH1AE.) 


T  3mRl«i    S.    TiL-n  i.iih    PhiUd. 


i 


> 


t 


; 


KXPr.ANATION    OF    IM.ATK    XVII. 


AU  the  a.wi„«.  .e.  ......  ,,  ,.  „„„^  „,^^^^  _^^,__^  ^^^_  ^^  ^__^^^  ^^  ^^  ^_  ^_  ^^^^^^^^ 


'"''  tLe  joint* 


^tC-    '•  (V)  TyrbuU  niMelli.    Ou 
of  the  autennal  club. 
2.  (f )  Tyrbiila  riisselli.    Anteume, 
3-  (f)  Tyrbnia  riiswlll.     (Copied  by  Zlttel 
Handb.  d.  palinont.,  Fig.  965.) 

4.  (f)  Tyrbiila  russelli.    Tibial  giiiiieH 

5.  (rJ89)(t)(Edipodapr„.focata       ™- 

6.  («K)  (f )  Gonipbocerns  abHtriigiig. 

7.  (1724)  (f)  Cyinatomera  inaculata. 
ti.  (8M)  (I)  Hommogamia  ventriosa 

9.  (7M4)(f)Locu8ta8ilen8.  A  portion  of  the 

Jeg,  ahowing  spines. 
10.  (7644)  (f)Loonsta  aliens. 
700 


Kig.  U.  (5817)  (J)  Agatheinora  rechisa. 
la.  (5122)  (?)  Zotobora  brunneri. 
13.  (14720)  (?)  Tyrbula  ninltispinosa. 
i4    '••---• 


9. 


(11557)    (\)    Litbyinnetes    giittatus 

(Copied  by  Zlttel,  I.  o.,  Fig.  969  ) 

(11557)    (?)    Lithymnotes    gnttutus 

Showing  the  cellular  spotting. 

(i:»  50)  (I)  Orohelimum  placidumS 

(■«642)(?)Grynaori8cineri8. 

la  ( 13551)  (f)  Orohelimum  plaoidum^.    Fore 
leg. 

19.  (13561)  (I)  Orohelimum  placidum^. 


15 

16. 
IT. 


Hi 

it pi 


))■■  NoHTH  America 


i^ 


.«r"- 


.^ 


uf^ 


:.t 


A 


^ 


^■% 


% 


"5j-; 


H, 


The  Florissant  Basin 


tJU'rilOI'-I'KHA  . 


It 


ijiiiiii 


Mi 


PLATE  XVIII. 


EXPLANATION    OF    i'l-AT"     XVIII. 


All  the  drawings  are  by  J.  lioury  Blake. 


Fig.  1.  (lKJ2I)(f)  ArohilachnnspeDiiatus.  (Copied 
by  Buoliton,  Moiiogr.  Brit.  Aphides,  Fl. 
lX^,  Fig.  3. 
S.  (315)  (^*)  Schizoneuroides  8  c  ii  d  d  e  r  i. 
(Copied  by  Bucktoii,  1.  c,  PI.  133,  V\^.  5. 
Copied  by  Zittel,  Handb.  d.  palaiont., 
Fig.  986.) 

3.  (10205)  (f)  SipboDophoroides  oitiqiia. 

4.  (070)  (-V)  Tephrapbis  simplex.    (Copied  by 

Bnokton,  1.  c.,  PI.  133.  Fig.  2. ) 

5.  (144.">0)  (f )  Sipbonopboroideg  antiiina. 

6.  (314)  (V)  SychnobrocbuB  rcviviscens. 

7.  (ISfUiS)  (f)  Sipbouopboroides  autiqua. 

8.  (538U)  (f )  Apbidopsis  margaruui. 

702 


10. 


P. 
12. 


Fig.  i).  (4a27)  (f) AnooiifctngdoreuosHs.  (Copied 
by  Bnckton,  1.  c,  PI.  133,  Fig.  4.) 

(8889)  (f)  Siphonopboroides  antiqua. 
(Copied  by  Buckton,  I.e.,  PI.  133.  Fig.  1.) 

(1044)  (7)  Apbidopsisap.  (immature,'. 

(3!»(7)  (f )  Sl>eiiaphi8  qiiesueli. 

13.  (340)  (f )  Annlancoii  lutosuB. 

14.  (4475)  (f )  Oryctapbis  recondita. 

15.  (6993)  (f )  Arcbilachnitg  ponDatus. 

16.  (4615)  (f )  Archil.icbiiu8  pennatus. 

17.  (I77>  {'{')  Arcbilachnus  pennatus. 

18.  (80l5)(f)Pterostigmarirnrvum.   (Copied 
by  Biftkton,  1.  c,  V\.  133,  Fig.  6.) 

19.  (8085)  {>()  Tephraphis  walshii. 


II    '! 


U  S.  GEOLOGICAL.  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRLr DRIES 

NOR' 


r  .".mcljui-  S.  ;'ion.  Lilh   PhiUrl. 


Tjik   FL.onissANT  Basin. 

lli;Miiri;n\    (Homo  i-i  i;ha     Ar.unAl". .) 


!  I 


Hi 


§ 


- — ™  ,-<iv)m.*m!iiii)a 


M^4 


PLATE  XIX 


N 


i 


BXP1.ANATION   OF  PLATE   XIX. 


All  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Fig.   1.  (12069)  C-^)  Fulgora  obticesoeus. 

S.  (362)  (^)  CercopiH  Biitlbcata.     A  portion 
showing  tbe  surface  structure. 

3.  (262)  (f )  Cercopis  sufTocata. 

4.  (14229)  (If)  Gypona  ciiiurcia. 
.'i.  (2658)  (^)  AKalliaubHtnujtii. 

(i.  (10479)  (")  Uociuius  ]myll«iil<'H. 

7.  (307)  (^)  Agullia  lowisii. 

8.  (12088)  (?)  Nyctopbylax  vassJ. 

9.  (76a8^  (i )  TcttiKoiiia  prlHomrincta. 

10.  (4379)  (f)  A).bn)|iliora  up. 

11.  (11771)  (f)  Ny(-li)pbyla.\  nlileri. 

12.  (1.789)  (4)  FlorisHautia  elegoiiB. 

13.  (1278,5)  .      )  Elidiptera  regnlariH. 

14.  (1.705)  (^.  Cixiuaf  itroavaa. 


Fig.  15.  (11307)  (f )  Acocepbalns  callosuH. 

16.  (5188)  (Y)  Jassopsis  evirens. 

17.  (9299)  (?)  Docinms  psyl.oideH. 

18.  (1015n)  ({)  Agallia  ilaccidu. 

19.  (10(i72)  (lf)TbisNi)eclnien  wasacci'li  ntally 

overlooked  in  workingup  tbe  f.iunu.  It 
i»  evidently  tbo  anterior  Imlf  of  one  of 
tlie  Cercopida  and  nppurenlly  a  specieK 
of  LocritcH,  lint  doen  not  agree  witli  tbe 
otber  species  known. 

90.  (3412)  (\')  Tbainnotettix  fundi. 

21.  (1.^0.5)  (f)A«>tllialewlHli. 

•?S.  (6655)  (^i)  Clastoptera  eoiuatocki. 

!C  (4552)  (V)  Tbliboiu«nu8  parvus. 


^mclaii   A  Hoti  I.ith  PhiUu 


The  Florissant  Basin 

llK.MiKir:nA.  (Homdi'tf.ha) 


PLATE   XX 


VOL  XIII —  46 


KXIMiANATION     OF    1»I-ATE     XX. 


All  tlie  ilrnwiiigH  wi>ro  iimdo  by  J.  Hoiiry  Klake. 


4      i    '* 
I 


Fij;.    1.  C(i06n)  (f )  ralecplioni  pricviiL-iw. 
a.  (r>Or>H)  O)  I'alaphrmU-H  irro>!iiliuiM. 

3.  (i:»584)  (f)  Pulec|iliurikcoiiiiiiiiiii8. 

4.  (a900;('|i)  Aimrc'iiia  ixiitstrictiiiii. 

5.  (tia)  (-1 )  PolrolyNtia  gigantim  f. 

6.  (411)  (1)   rotrolystra  gigaiitta.     (CopUid 

by  Zittol,  Ilnndb.  il.  palu-oiil.,  Fij;.  iCJi.) 

7.  (41s})  (I)  Petiolystia  Ki(j;antea. 

8.  (llsau)  (I)  PetroI.VNtra  licrcs. 

9.  (112.J7)  (f)  A  Hiiiall  fly.  (ciiikI  on  thi'  Name 

Htoiio  witli  th«  iii'xt,  iierhiUM  bi'lim^riujj 
to  tlio  Tacbydroiiiidii',  but  whoso  prccJHO 
aflSiiities  it   is   perbapx   iiii|io8sibIe  to 
trace. 
706 


Fij;.  10.  (Uair?)  (t)  Palepphora  iiiaciilatB. 
II.  (ti4H4)  ()j  PaU>c'|>hi'ra  iiiaivint-i. 
lis.  (6464)  (1)  Palecpbora  iiiurviiiel. 
lit.  (fi4n4)  (f)  Palecpbora  iiiarviiici. 
14.  (Iir7l.)  (?)  Prliiei'pliora  biiltcala. 
l.'>.  {CM})  {'!)  Palocpbora  iiioruata. 

16.  {r,&i)  (f)  Palaphrodcs  ciii.ta. 

17.  {X\l\)  (f )  Palecpborit  nia(;iilatn. 

18.  (4:i)  Ci)  Palnpbrodes  irngiilariH. 

19.  ((iO:«))  (V)  Jassns  f  latebra-. 

aO.  (i:t570)  (f)  Palocpbora  coniniiiniN. 

21.  (l.W)  ((/)  Palecpliora  comiiiiiiiJN. 

22.  (1.121)  ({)  Lithecphora  setigera. 


R    I.' 


L_ 


U  S f-ii'.OLOniCAl,  ^UKVl'lY  Ol''  'I'Hl';   TKHKITOHIHS 


TM^fiAKY  Ir!RF.(7r.",  i)F  Nrnvi'ii  Amkrica 


i"  SineOaji    i.   Sail   Liln 


The   FijOrissant  Basin 

IIhmii'Tkha    (lloMiii>'i'fc:nA.), 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


■^ 


. 


1.0 


I.I 


1^  IM 

1^  1^    12.2 


1^ 

l£0 


1^  I 


2.0 


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1.25  111.4      1.6 

M 

6"     

► 

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Hiotographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


'Al  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  872-4503 


A^ 


\ 


fv;^ 


:\ 


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\r        ^    <^     '9^  t\. 


i\ 


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r 


'k 


i 


8 


EXPIiANATION    OF    PLATE    XXI. 


All  the  drawings  wcro  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake, 


fit 


Fig.  1,  (78)  (f ;  Agallia  instabilis. 

2.  (8081)  (t)  Palecpboiii  prievaleiis. 

3.  (1277t))  ('{)  Lithocpbora  niuruta. 

4.  (12447)  (1)  Litbecpbora  iiniculor. 

5.  (13;)37)  (^i)  Litbecpbora  uniculor, 

6.  (38C4)  (i)  Palapbrodcg  irregularis. 

7.  (853r.)  (f)  Palapbrodes  irregularis. 

8.  (912)  (?)  Litbecpbora  miirata. 

9.  (3801)  (f )  Palecpbora  iiiarviiiei. 
10.  (8887)  (f)  Palapbrodes  obliqua. 

708 


Fig.  11.  (14178)  Cf)  Litbecpbora  iinicolor. 

12.  (9158)  (f )  Palecpbora  iimrviiiei. 

13.  (30)  (?)  Litbecpbora  diiiphana. 

14.  (11103)  (V)  Litbecpbora  uuicolor. 
ir..  (208)  (t)  Pi-'.apbrodes  cmctii. 

10.  (126)  (?)  Dictyopbarabomei. 

17.  (8313)  (f)  Locritcswbit-i. 

18.  (4287)  (f )  Palapbrodes  obscura. 


If 


;  I 


..H'iimfeiiLgLij,. 


U  S  GEOLOGICAL  SURVE7  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
ItnTiAHY  Insects  op  North  Ami^rica 


Wls^ 


¥  J  ' 


w 


Thk   Fl.ohi  ss  ANi-   Uahin 

II|':mii"I'I':i<a     (  I  Iomi  i  i-ii  ;itA   i 


I? 


Fig.    1.  (448u)(?)AclirP8tocoriHcinernriiis. 
a.  (18W)(f)Cai)HU»la(;im. 

3.  (6371)  ('|i)  PIilhinocoriN  colligatiis. 

4.  (12784)(f )  Tiio8cIii8tn.s  indurescciiH. 

5.  (456^)  (',•)  FiisciiH  fiRcatuN. 

6.  (234)(?)Di8co8tomat8p. 

7.  (1.828)  (f )  Nysiiis  veoula. 

8.  (14981)  (f)Stenoveliauigra. 

9.-  (7609)  (f )  Trapezonotiis  exteriuinntiis. 
710 


EXPLANATION    OF   PLATE   XXII. 
All  the  drawings  were  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Fig.  10.  (1.85>l)(li)Lygreii8  8tabilitn». 
U.  (10721))  Cii)  Notonecta  ernereoni. 

12.  (1097)  (f)  Prosigara  Haltellcini. 

13.  (13325)  (1)  Paliuoveliii  spinosa. 

14.  (3268)  (i)  Stenovelia  nigra. 

15.  (12782)  (f )  Metrobates  letemalig. 

nre  is  upside  down. 

16.  (2238)(f)Corixainimer8a. 

17.  (7269)  (f )  Corixa  vanduzeei. 


The  (ig- 


X'BBliWB 


U  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVf^Y  OF  THE  TERRITORIES. 
'I'ER'nAHY  Injects  of  Nok'I'h  America 


Pl  22. 


''1^ 


W 

t^. 


VT^ 


4m 


^t 


\ 


T^s  AT"*''    9  / 


Ooc  S  Uamn&SouD  LiQiWuia 


I  Si.. 

I 


f, 


The  Florissant  Bashst. 

HeMIPTEHA  {HkTEBOPTEBA-  HEUUVIlUAE.LYnAKtOAE.J 


I:  :l 


*'!«.   1. 


BXPLANATION   OP   PLATK    XXIIl, 

All  tl.e  .IrawiugH  were  inn.lo  l,y  .(.  Henry  Blake 

(5596)  (f)  EotingiHaiiteiimitii. 
(ISOiHi)  (t)  LinniiMi  (■iii(:.,r«tii. 
(■l.-tGr.)  (?)  KotiiigmiMilniimtu. 


6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
II. 
l!j. 

i:i. 

14. 
15. 

ir>. 


(587:))  (f)  IJiiim'ainilniifiii. 
(!">"•-')  (7)  Monmitliin  vct.Tiiii. 
(7617)  (f)  PieMtim  f  i(itiiinlii. 
(747;t)  (f)  Stuiiopniin.rn  Hiibtorrca. 
(IK»:I7)  ( f )  Procropliiiis  costalm. 
(*I49)  (f)  Moimntliitt  vuteriia. 
(«W))  (?)Llnuiuali.)liiiesii. 
(9r.74)  (f )  TrapezonotiKs  externiinatiis. 
(1165a)  (f)  Brocropliins  eoniiiimiis. 
(4i-.C0)  (f)  Capsiis  obsolefactiis. 
(6:«15)  (f ;  Ny.siii8  stratus. 
(9884)  (f)  Bliyparochroiniis  verrillii. 
(57.T6)  (f)  SteDopamcra  tenobrosa 
712 


KiS.  17.  (5H(i4)  ( ,')  (JeocoriN  i.ifernor.ini 
"^-  ('«'*«)(?)  l'rocro,.l,iuHo,m.„„,„i,. 
19.  (Will)  (r)U,.ni.  a  gravida. 

'M.  (ia4(i5)(r)Nysin8triti.s. 

•il.  (7a;t;l)  (7)  Linmciv  evoliita. 

a'^.  (11757)  (f )  Trapizoiiotiis  exterminatug. 

a:«.  «i-i:i9)(r)Pr«eropl.i,.sla„«„e„„. 

a4.  (11.101)  ,  J)  .Stenopaiiieru  tonobiOHB. 

'^-  0-550)  (D  Trapezouoti.H  externiinat. iH. 

a6.  ((,4«l)  (f)  Geoooris  iufernoriim 

a7.  (11164)  (r)Ny8hi8  stratus. 

a8.  (llaaa)  (?)  Procrophins  commnnU. 

a9.  (ia09)(f)ProcLopl.i„scommnni8. 

■•to.  (11210)  (?)  Khyparoobroniug  verrillii. 
•11.  (7064)(f)Ny8iu8terr.i-. 


I  i  f.  lAii  ih.u-,.  i.-  wi' Nfjivi'ii  Amkhica 


i 


^1 


i 


The   Florissant   Basin 

I  I|':mip'i'i:|{A    IIi'/ii'ikii-i'I'Mia    I.\'<>akii>ak) 


X] 


iriTrfiiiiHIiaHiiWB— BaBBjg 


I! 


PLATE  XXIV 


Fig.  1.  (193)  (V)  Procropliins  communis. 

2.  (13560)  I  ■;)  Ptpciloc.apsns  osteutns. 

3.  (l;«)54)  {•{)  P<i!cilocapau8  fremoutii. 

4.  (13314)  (f )  Anasa  priacopntida. 

5.  (12925)  (f )  Ligyrocoris  exsnctiis. 
0.  (l:«i58)  (J)  Carmelns  sopositiis. 
r.  (4369) <?;  Closferocoris  elegans. 
8.  (6968)  (?)  PcEcilocapsus  tabidus. 

714 


EXPLAiVATION    OF    PLATE    XXIV. 

All  the  drawings  were  niudo  bj  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Fig.    <i.  (12076)  (f)Pa!cilocap8n8veterandnB. 

10.  (I'.a457)  (If)  Carmelns  gravatiis. 

11.  (58ft5)  (f )  Dysdercus  cinctus. 

12.  ^  13559)  (f)  Hadronemn  oinerescens. 
W.  (1426)  (f )  Dysdercns  cinctua. 

14.  (1.3561)  (9)  Dysdercns  cinctns. 

15.  (11218)  (9)  Lygip.ns  obsolescens. 
IC.  (11219)  (f )  Lygajus  stabilitns. 


L 


■^— ^'i'"'iiTi(rr'-i  ii.rittiT  , 


U  a  GEOLCGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
'rERTiA.RY  Insects  ot  North  America 


Pl.24 


ia  ■ 


■.'^-«  )!Brns»Soln  Luh  I'h.i. 


I'he  Florissant  Basin. 

IlKMU-rKIljV     ,HkTKH<>I>TKHA     li'VtlAlllOAK 


ir^-Ttmun 


V    ! 


PLATE  XXV. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE    XXV. 

All  the  drawings  wore  made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 


Pig.  1.  (.3186)(f)Rhepoeorispropinqnan8. 
&.  (10381)  (f)Vy8ln8  stratus. 

3.  (12102)  (?)  Cacalydns  exstirpatus. 

4.  (120dl)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prasvaleus. 

5.  (3247)(f)Corizu8abditivn8. 

6.  (318a)  (?)  Rhepocoris  pnevalens. 

7.  (1761)  (?)  Rhepocoris  priBvaleus. 

8.  (11140)  (?)  Nysiiis  stratus. 
716 


Fig.    !).  (5669)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prievalens. 

10.  (12087)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prujvalens. 

11.  (9128)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prievalens. 

12.  (1.508)  (?)  Cacalydus  lapsus. 

13.  (12778)  (?)  Parodarmistus  collisus. 

14.  (1.803)  (?)  Rhepocoris  priBvaleuB. 
1!>.  (10956)  (?)  Piezocoris  peritns. 
16.  (9)  (?)  Rhepocoris  prajvalens. 


)    i 


i 


u 

'I'eRTIAKY  [NSEGTS  of  NOR'fl 


GEOLOGICAL  fiURVHY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 

KRIOA 


The  Florissant  Basin. 

11p;mii-i'i:ha  .(IIi;ti!h<)I>tkha  —  Coreidab) 


T  Rinclan-  it  Son,  Lith  "Philaa* 


PLATE  XXYI. 


'1 


KX1.LANATION  OK   PIRATE   XXVI. 


Fig 


All  the  drawiiiKH  were 
1.  (8604)  (?)  Orthriocorisa  lonKipes 
2-  (4644)  (?)  Lithoohroimig  mortiiarins. 
•J.  (7fJ56)  (f)  CydaiLus  robiistiiH. 

4.  (14207)  (MCoriziiHabditiviiH. 

5.  (12409)  (f)Eo(he»cl«g8U8. 

6.  (13660)  (?)Lithochro,M„8  eitraneus. 

I'  ?.^'?J  (f)P''«''><I'-PameracIiitten(leni. 

8.  (10:J91)  (f)  Protenor  imbeclllis 

9.  (11232,  (f)  Fhrndopamerachittendeni. 

7lO 


made  by  J.  Henry  Blake. 

Fig.  10.  (9837)  (f,  Lithoohron.U8gardneri 
1  .  (2431).(?)  RhepocoriH  j.r,evaIeDB. 
2.  (U23«i)  (f)  Catopainera  bradlevi 

13.  (8407)  (V)  Rhepocorispropinqaans. 

14.  (561)3)  (?)  Piezocorisf  perempt.w. 
1...  (2606)  (?)  Tagalodcs  Ineriuig. 

16.  (9-253)  (?)  Etirocorisiufernalis 

17.  (6:ff0)  (?)  Phthinocorislethargioua 


^ 


I)  S  C-KOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES, 
Tertiary  Inskcts  or  North  Amrricia 


Pi,  ?.t 


'^rfT- 


"^ 


The   Florissant  Basin. 

HlSMIP^'BHA.iHKTUIIIUI'TRnA  -  CoREIUAE) 


T  SmclaiT  i-SctvI.ith   I'hilaaa 


PLATE  XXVII. 


'i 

i 

I 

I 

Hg.    1.  (367)  (i)  Rhipiphorus  Reikiel, 
(665(i)  (f )  Exite'us .xsanRiiig, 
(57(M)(f)Heeriali,|iiao8a. 
(13064)  a)  Pnworis  hochleri. 

r>.  (l.«n)f9)Ue„riag„lo8a. 

ti.  (l-mr,)  (f )  Hthinocoris  langni.l.i* 

7.  am))  (f)Ca««pniiu.riK»iiKh«}i. 

8.  CJriTT)  (f)  Lithoolmmms  jjanineri 

9.  ((®:U)  ^f )  Phnul«pnn.«ra  wil«,„i. 
I".  {!)()86)  (f )  Necrwhronms  oockorelli. 


EXPI^VNATION   or   liATE   XXVII. 

All  the  drawing,  ware  n,a.le  by  J.  Henry  Bl«ke 


made 
Fg 


■•  "•  (f«»)  (t)  'rrape,onotu,,tygiali8. 

14.  (2H71)  (^)  Neorochronnw  labatns. 

'•••(«»»)(?)  CoriisHsoelatua. 

II!.  (l.«nr,)  (f )  Pl,r„dop«„.«ra  wilsoui. 

17.  (H74(!)  (f )  PbthhuHjorU  lethirgioiia. 

tf*.  (42(a))  (f)H,..,nag„lo«. 

19.  (14197)  (¥)Heorialapid«Mi. 


^ 


v., 


U  S  GEOLDCIfAl,  ^IJFU'F.Y   01-'  THK  -IKHBITOPIES 
Tkrtiahy  !Ni?ECTS  OY  Nmhtii  Amfhica  • 


Pi.  27 


TllK    FIjORIHJSANT    Bahin 

l'-.:.\ni'ii:ii.\    (ll|.;Th;ii<)i'Ti';uA  ('uiiioii>,\i':  ) 


T  .<NuiiUajr  k  Sftn  LuV    i'KiU.U 


I 


PLATE  XXVIII 


VOL  XIU- 


-46 


J-'ig-  1.  (7929)  (f)  Pe.,tato.„ife«  foliarnm 
4    m*t\^t^^"'"'"'"'"■'**"«I''"<^^'""«• 
(..  (1.8;t7)  (t)  Tlm^loschimus  rev.Isus 
M:<007)(^)Mecocepl.a,a„p'      ' 
10.  ail2)(^)Poii„«,ui8tu8la,.i.lari„s. 


UX1.I.ANATIOX    OK    PI^ATE    XXVIII. 

All  tlu,  ,;rawiugs  were  made  by  J.  He„.;v  Blake. 


n   SS  1   ^'"'-oocbiHtUH  n«orat„8. 

|'.(1977)(^)Heeriagm„8a. 

19.  (10400)  (f)  Thlimmo8chi8tu«gravida.u8 


U  S  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES 
Tertiary  Insects  of  North  America 


Pl  28. 


I'leo  I    HanneAbtr«  I.nl.  !ix..i. 


The   Flirissattt  Basin 

Hkmipi  KHA   (Hktkhoptkiia-Pkntathmidae  .CoHIMAIiABNIDAK)  . 


pi! 


INDEX. 


abbreriata  'Setodea) 

abditiviis  (Corizas) 

abductum  (Dtaplegma) 

abltft  ( Braobypeta) 

abuUta  ( Linnosa) 

aborcivam  (PodaKrlon) 

abrogatiia  <PteroBtichuii)  . . 
abscesaura  (Lathrobium)  .. 
abaclfisus  (Parodarmlstiis). 

abscocdita  (Epcira) 

absoua  (Catanciira) 

abHtraotax  (DorobrocbuH)  . 

abBtniota  (AgalUa) 

abHtrusus  (Gomphocerus) . . 
Aoanthaapidiua 


Aoitntbiidm 

Acantboaonia 

Acantbooomina 

Aoarina 

Aoarua 

Aceatra 

Acbilida 

Actarestocoria 

cinernrinH 

Aoocephalua 

adm 

oallosna 

AuriDptala 

Aoridll 

Acridlum  bartbelemyi 

Acrocera 

globnlua 

birauta 

Aouleata 

adiB  (Aoooepbalna) 

adamaa  (Bledius) 

Adloella 

iEgialia 

rupta 

JEOm 

3Solotbripa 

Aaohna 12S,12«,U1, 

Gonstricta 

Janata 

larrata 

marohall 

metis 

mixta 

polydore 

sepaiata 

aolida 

t)'oh« 

^•obnidie 

^achnlna 92,124, 

at,  mails  (Metrobates) 


Page. 
1»2 
433 
290 
SOI 
398 
134 
525 
SOS 
422 
84 
24S 
183 
307 
223 

3S4,  355 
36U 
435 
435 
45, 4« 
47 
429 
297 

it2,413 
413 
311 
311 
311 
281 
220 
2J0 
503 
503 
563 
615 

ail 

604 


489 

489 

453 

372,873 

142, 143 

142, 143 

145 

Uo 

143 

142 

142 

142 

144 

143 

142 

92, 125 

125, 141 

353 


Page. 

niteruas  (Derobroebns) 184 

ilStbua  punolulatua 438 

^tmhinUH 363 

A^alentt    06 

Agalenldes 48,  49, 60, 6s 

Again* 303 

abatruola  303,307 

tiacclda 305, 306 

iOHtabilia 305, 306 

lowlali 305 

AgathoiniTit 219 

reoluaa 219 

Agriim 125,126,127,137 

aglaope 127,137 

niitii|niini 1J7 

oxHiilarlD 127, 138, 13G 

icAriiM 127 

iris 127 

leuoosla - ■. 127 

llgea 127 

inaaCfMicena 127,138 

partbeiiopn 127 

pttlainoe 127 

telliiriH 140 

Agricmiilm  92,124,125 

Agriiiiiiiiii ..  92,124,128,1^6 

Agiypuia 196 

Alcentis 300 

Alt>iii-(Hli>H 241 

olutaceiis  ( Dkailiia) 5:>4 

Alydarta 418 

Al.vdluiu  411,418 

AlyJin 418 

lateralis 418 

Aiualancoii 244, 270 


lutosu.s 

ATiiiiHplnii 

AniaurobitiM 

aiuiotus  (HydrocbuB) . 
Aniiuopiiila 


270 

576 

68 

615 

30 

Aiiipblagrloii    126,137,139 

Alup'lientoiiiuni 

Aniphlm-epn  birittata 

Aniphltlioniisiis 

ainpla  (Cliilonia) 

amyzoniis  (Necrocydnus) 

Anabolia 

Anaclluia 

»P 

Anandrus 

Anarete 

Anaaa 

priscoputida 

Anatolia 

taolta 


117 
296 

!i6 
559 
446 
195 
697 
697 

71 
COO 
412 
412 
589 
689 


Pago. 

Anatone 92 

Auax   125,142 

metis 142 

Ancoaatus 244,271 

bucktoui 271,272 

dorsuosiis  271,272 

■Aiioylocbelra   494 

Andreiiidio 30 

aiiilU  (niiiebiis)    464 

AulHiimorplia 219 

Anobliiiii 491 

■k'Crptinn 492 

llgiiltiini 492 

ovale 491 

anoniala  (.Stenoclnclis) 664 

aniioRiis  (Cryptorhyncbua) 477 

untedilurianum  (Calyptltea) ...         606 

antennata  (Eotlngis) 360 

Antherophagiis  601 

ochraceiiH  601 

priaciiH.  501 

Antbiimyla 648 

burgeasl 549 

iiinniniata 64H 

AntliorayldiB.  548 

AiithoDoiiiua  472 

dtifotfsiis 28, 472 

Boponia 472 

Antbracoiuarti 46 

Anthribidu;   466 

aoti<|na(Derali<ma) 004 

(Slpbnnopboruides) 255 

aD*Ji|uua  ( Pbanieaa) 489 

(Teleosobiatus) 454 

Antnpia 76 

Anypbaina 51,62,66 

fuscata 67 

Interita 67 

Apbainogaatur 616 

berendti 6IS 

longffira 615 

Aphana 281 

atava 281 

rotundlpeuuis 282 

Aphantapbis 244,253 

exHUca 254 

Aphelonhoirna 347 

Apbidea 242 

Aphldinn 244 

Apbldopaia 244,90 

dalli 261,284 

eniaolata 261,265 

bargi-ri 261,262 

lulai'la 261,263 

margaruin 261,26' 

723 


■  I 


i 


724 


INDEX. 


Paito. 

20)1 
201 
24:1 
481* 
4f)l< 
488 
837 
337 
333 

3U 
30U 
370 

48 


Aplililnpiilii  up 

Hiibtoriia 

A]iIi1h 

A  phortlin 

jirecuraor  

niricnln 

Aphnipliora 

"P 

Aplirnpliorida 

Apliliu  

Apori   'ft 

I>ri.  itrlctam 

Anieliiittlen 

Ar.uliilio 3:19,340,311 

Aiaiiea 71,71 

coliimbifu  71 

Arni)<*id«H 46,48 

iirt'niiik  (Chibioiia)    &4 

(Fonnlcn)  618 

Ari'hioa SO.Sl,.^ 

Arcliilacliniw 244, 24G 

inil(l({el 246,247 

peniiatus 246,247 

ArulifpH»ci'H 117 

arouaUi  (Saokenia)  B95 

ArenocoilH 430 

Argla 125,139 

Argyruuuta 6ft 

AriatnunH. 71 

Arnllia    223 

Aithrolycosa 46 

Asaruoniyia , 867 

crtiluvor 567 

Asoalaphina 92 

AHeillaptniH 147 

ascHi-iilen  (MiiHca) 551 

aii<'ll»i(los  (PlunocepIia1ii8|.  ...  91 

AsilidB) 29,  .Wl 

8p 5115 

Asiraca 278,205 

tiirtiaria 295 

UHlrictn  (Cercopls)  318 

ntava  (Apliann) 281 

Athera 56 

AUiilca 48,49,52 

52 
53 
.387 
303 
518 
334 
20.-) 


AttoiileH 

Attopsis 

imjjlioyi  (Catopaniera)  . 
Aiiliiripitrt  irroratiia  — 

Hiiioi-a  (Cyiuindls) 

Avermia 

uvia  (Labiduromma) ... 


liiutia 118 

anoniala 118 

liallostoma 92, 94, 101 

balteata  ( Prinecphora) ;B2 

Ilarbiirotbea 29 

ItaaeopMia  forfioulina 2U3 

l!»iiiu«ibna 142,144 

Janata 145 

acparata 142 

sp 142 

becblorl  {Procoria) 303 

Dnlnatoniatidin 339.  310 

Jlombidiiim 519,  .WO 

.Ml 

530 

631 

i)31 

630 


coiiatricliim  . 
I'xolctuin  — 
fragnicnliini  . 
Klaciatlim  ... 
Inequale 


Pago. 

llcmbldlum  lonitnlani     631 

Hotldlna 866, 5«7 

IturOHUa 613 

ciiKpldatui  513, 6U 

piiiii'tlprnnla 613 

a»XHtriatus 813 

tt'lllllH 514 

Bcrytina 411 

lllbloiildin 28,683 

liib<iaii(Miisca) SS2 

bluotatiia  (Mycotrutiia)    802 

HlttncuH 117,172 

Illabcra 217 

nianliilua <1 

IllattailiD 216 

BU'dliia 804 

adamna 804 

aiinularfa 6M 

brrvidona 805 

};biciatua 806 

Illeplijiroptvra 643 

llli««iiia 374 

liuliii  iim 893, 604 

pa]ii(Uvn;;a 594 

Ht'pillta 593 

iimbratica 593 

Bniiibua 30 

lIuiiibylidiK 20 

biii-riiaiiHl  (Lnbidiiromiua) 206 

IlDitrycliiia  raniiciiiiia 402 

Itcitbrcmlinimiiia 147, 162, 163 

lacbluiii 104 

bniivcl  (l)ictyophara) 280 

llracliycera 562 

Ilriu'bypolta 437 

Brarhypeza 591 

ubiiB 691 

procura 601 

llrticbytaraiia 466 

pi'latiiiua 486 

llraniM 606 

latuliMruiii  606 

ap 607 

Uracoiibbc 30, 606 

ap 607 

bradli'yi  (('iitopamera)  387 

Hrevipiilpi 574 

bniweii  (Ilb'dliis) 608 

ilriichiilu- 28, 484 

Hi  iii-liu.H 484 

aiiilia 484 

bninncri  (Zi^tubora) 217 

Biyoioraria 362 

biirktoui  (Anconatiia) 272 

Buliniiia , 151 

Biipreat  IdiD 27, 493 

Biiproatln 493 

aaxlgena 404 

aeuccta 494 

ai'piilta 496 

UM'Uiiria 493 

biir^oaal  (Authomyia) 640 

llynhidB) 499 

Bythoacopiis 302,304 

Inpidoscena 306 

Cacalydiis    410 

pxatirpatiia 419,420 

lapaiia 410 

C'acnachlatiia.   ..  453,490 

ninceriatna  496 


Page. 

cadarer  (AMreomyla) 887 

oadiioiia  ( Parodarmlatua) 422 

Cajoilliia 117 

ca^niilunitiN  ( Derobnwhua) 183 

ciuaua  (Platynua) 623 

calciiloaa  (Indaala) 101 

caUlauena  iCorvopitoa) 817 

Calllatbcnea KI7 

Calloiiiyia 85S 

turporatA 6.55 

'  calloana  (Auocrphalua) 311 

I  Calopterygldn) 02,125 

I  CaliNMinia 836 

I  Calutermim 104, 107 

j  CalothTlpa 371 

Calyptltea  .  ^ mT< 

I  aiit«diluTianiim  60U 

Calyptiia 605 

Caraponotus 811 

Tetus  ....  010 

Camptopas 418 

Canthon ^ 401 

pcrplexua '01 

Capaaria 362 

Capaidoi '. 342,361 

Capaiiia 362 

CapaUB 361,382,368 

laciia 368,360 

obaoleraotns 368 

CarabidH) 27,480,517 

Oarabini  .535 

Carabna 533 

oarlwnarina  ( Dryocajtes) 470 

CRrcerata(LlDna!a) 308 

Carmeliia 363 

gravatua 363,364 

parvna 303 

aepoaltns 363,364 

caaiia  (Platynua) 519 

Cataneura 244,243 

abaoDB '     245 

rlleyl 216 

Catopamera 384,387 

augheyi 387 

bradleyi 387 

Gatopaylla 276,277 

prima 277 

CeiidomyldH) 581,600 

colatiia  (Coritaa) iXi 

Cellthcmia 126 

Ct'pbalocoria 375 

Cephiana 334 

CernrabycidaD 28 

CBrcidlella 77 

Corcopida 315 

Cercopldaj 315 

Cercopidlum 316 

Ccrcopla 318, 317 

aatrlola 317,318 

faaciata 315, 333 

haidingerl 323 

melnina 333 

innlngenaiB 315,333 

pallida 315,333 

n'otellnea 316,3.13 

aelwyni 317,318 

anflbcata 317 

linger! 316 

Oercopitea 816 

caUlacena 818,317 

ombratllla Slf 


INUKX. 


725 


Ceinfon MO 

terrtgena. SIO 

C*rni>tift 43 

Ceroiyi MO 

canui MO 

ClialoidUlHs 30,aM 

ohambcilinl  (QueiUni) 808 

Cli»ullodp« 147, 1« 

prinok U8 

Chaulloftnalhaa  prUttnui 28 

CheiloaiaampU ■  6M 

■p Ml 

<  taernetltlie iS 

Chllonia BS« 

ninpla 6SB 

►  p Ml 

riilnimiwapbala 224 

( Ihiriiiiijria M7 

ChtronumldH) 678 

HP fi81 

Chlronoinua 28,S78 

depletna ». 670 

patena 680 

aeptuB 678 

ap 681 

cliiUnndenl  (Phmdopamera)...  389 

Cblnintiia 817 

laticollla 817 

piinotoUtna 817 

Chloriili'alea 127 

Cbiarldiani    490 

oberinnm 490 

hiabiroldea 491 

Ctaolnla  384,389 

triRnttata 389 

ClioraguH 406 

fidilla 405 

Clirjaidn) 30 

Cliryala 30 

Cliiyaobothriahaydeni 27 

ChrysoDic-lldau 28,488 

Chryaopa    166,166,168,160 

Chryaiplda) 92,147,161,165 

Cicada .,..-. 294 

Cicndellitra  ob^cnram 298 

Cioadala 310 

aaxoaa 310 

aexnotata 310 

oincta  (Palnpbrodea)  8M 

oiuctua  (Dyadercna) 410 

clniifarta  (Epeira) 88 

cmeTnriiin  {Auhreatocoria) 413 

oincrcia  (Oypona) 308 

oinorescena  (Hailronema) 370 

cinoria  (Oryllaoria) 233 

ClniiTa 92,99,102 

CitiRradiD 4? 

Cixlida 286 

CUlUB 278,286 

beaperidum 2S7 

proaTua 287 

Clatlodiptora 293 

C'lastoptera 338 

Gomatockl 339 

Clatbratermea 103 

Clnriiiai 28 

Cloaterocoria 362 

elegana 363 

Clubiona 61.62 

arcana  63,64 

atteonata 66 


PaKB. 

Cluhiuiia  erema 0<'t 

lanaln 64 

latobioaa 6.1,65 

niicniphllialnia Oil 

iMt«ntata 63,66 

■erlc«a M 

*omentoia 63 

Clya 71 

Clylhla M 

Coccidiit 241 

CiM^cinrlllda 38 

Ooeciia , 241 

cockerelU  (Kecrocbromas) 407 

Crelldla 313 

eoliiinlilnnn 313 

wyoininKuuaiH Iil3 

Colaoptpnt 465 

Oollciiibnla 02, 99 

colliKntiiH  (Phthinocoria) 414 

coUlaiia  tPnrodarniiHtiia) 422 

coluradouaia  (llod(>U'rinea) 113 

Columbia)  (A  rnnca) 71 

Columbiana  (Ccslidia) 313 

commlxtnm  (Labidnromma)  ...  208 

comnioratua  (Dcrobrochua)     .  184 

r  -mmnnia  (ralecp)ii'rn) 328 

(I'rocruphiua) 382 

compactilia  (Pitzocoria) 417 

compautna  (Ophryaatea) 477 

comatnoki  (Claatoptera) 3;i9 

concinnua  (Cyrtomenaa) 481 

condita  (Litbomyza) 001 

conflxns  (Hydrabiua) 811 

Coniopterygidti! 02 

Coniopteryx 147 

Conncephalidio 227,2.11 

Conopidip 655 

copoi  (Locritea).., 323 

Copbocnria 384.  :!!•! 

tonebricoana :!UI 

Co)itoobromna 384, 408 

maninm 408 

Cordnlidn) 92,124,125 

Coreidffl 342,411 

Coreiun 411 

Coraitea 411 

Corethra .ISS 

exita 883 

Coreua 411 

Corixa 343 

altornata 344 

bellenaii 348 

immeraa 344, 348 

intorrnpta 344 

prienata 348 

randnzeel 344 

Corixido! 343 

Corizida 411.433 

Corlzua 432,433 

abditiTua 433 

celatna 433 

eattatna 433,434 

Bv^^nrnua 433.434 

Corydalitea 148 

fticnndum 149 

Corydalua 148 

cornntna 149,152 

Corymbitoa 498 

medianua 406 

aplendcna "^ 

relatna    496 


Paije. 

(Jorynitea 71 

coataiia  (l^rocrophiua) 363 

<  'niflpcdoaiiitiii 4i 

irntcriD  (Dorobrovbua) lit 

Cratoparia 4'J6 

coufuaua 466 

I'luaua 467 

luKiibrla 404 

luuatua 466,467 

rcpertna 466 

Creopbilua 607 

riiloaua 607 

cr«HH4it)i  (Lithotorua)  600 

Onmicua us 

Cropbiua 381 

Cryptoblura 506 

Cryptoceplialna 488 

venuatua 485 

Tvtuatua 4H5 

CryptucHrcua 218 

(.'ryptochiomua 384,400 

letatna 400 

Cryptobypuua 497 

plaiiulus 497 

tcirnatria 497 

Cry  ptciplmgidni 601 

Ciyplorbynchiw  ,        471 

uunoaua  471 

('tiireacciria 384, 304 

primigenua 394 

Cnciijidui 601 

Culex 682 

ilaiimntoriim iHn 

pruavitUH  682 

Culieiilii!  28, 582 

CurculiuuidiD 471 

Cychrini 6,15 

Cycbrua 6M 

andrewaii 830,637 

minor  637 

toateua 638 

viJuua 636,537 

wliuatleyi 630 

Cyi:Uirliapba 530 

Cydamua 419,420 

robuatua 420 

Oyduida 430 

Cyduopaia 437 

Oydnna 438,437 

maralilanua  443 

Cylludrogaatcr 204 

Cyllocoraria 362 

C,\matou]erA 230 

mncuiata 230 

Cymina 374 

Cymindia 818 

nmerlcuna 618 

aurora 618 

Cynlpidii) 30 

Cyrtidai 803,564 

Cyrtomenua 437, 451 

concinnus 461 

Cyriuxipliua 234 

Cyttarorayia 8T4 

ienoatrata 878 

dalli  (Apbidopals) 264 

dainnatorum  (Cnlex) 882 

Daradax 301 

Darmiatns 421,429 

Baaypogon 668 


726 


INDKX. 


Puge. 

I)iui.vpo||iintii* IMKI 

daTUII  (Onnnoon) 24M 

lUwMiil  (Trlohonta) r>m) 

Dw'ktoniit IKH 

tntiqiiit 004 

decBiniiittiii  (RiiRn'inptoii) 4H2 

dM^Bptnm  (Annbliim) —  in 

(IwvMa  (Plnipln) 612 

flecineratuii  (Dydrobltii) till 

decrepit*  (Tlpiila) (I7i) 

Dectlcidip 227 

Diictlcim  exatlnctni 337 

defectiia  (PariHlarniUtiu)  423 

dt^foHaua  (Thoinlaiia) f>9 

defiinctn  (Sltmlrepa) 493 

dH|i'et»  (Plecia) MB 

drietna  (Eplphaula) 4SH 

dellta  (Epefra) M 

Delpha4id» 295 

Delphnx 295 

aenllla 29S 

dratnnt  (OnorlHte) !<92 

di'perdlta  (Sciant) HM 

depilia  ( Pmmetuplit) »«0 

depletiia  (Chlronomaa) S79 

Dvprraanria 002 

Derhlda 278 

DermeattdiP 2« 

Derobrochua 179,182 

abalractna 182,183 

leternaa 183,184 

Ofpniilentiia 182,183 

uommorRtiia 182,181 

orateiw 183,180 

fH(teao«na 182,185 

marddiia 183, 18.-i 

deatitntiiK  ( Pteroatlobna) S20 

dealriK'tiiH  (Ptern^tiohnn) f>27 

dpaiintiM  (Plalyniia) ('21 

detfctn  ( HettToroyza) 648 

deTintiia  (Procydinia) 440 

Dla<Iocidla 598 

terricnift 698 

diapbana  (Ulhecphora)  330 

DlapleKniR :88 

abductiini  289, -.'90 

hiildeniant 28:1 

obdormitiini 289,292 

occultornn) 289,291 

rulnoaiini 289,292 

venerabile 289, 291 

veteraaceus 289,290 

liicielna .'134 

aInUceua 524 

diUtatua S24 

eloDKatna  525 

piirpuratiiB   .'■24 

ap ,525 

Dlchrooacytiia 362 

DIcranoiuN  ia 568, 172, 674 

primitira 570 

pnbipennia .568, 570 

roalrnta  571 

at:f(niofla 568 

DIctjrophara 286 

bnuvei 280 

Dictyopharida 286 

Didineia 620 

luniciirnia 620 

aolid«Bcena 620 

Uielacata 71 


OliHtlrIa 

UiphyMi 

IMpIitrbllu    

lieDHJiiiwI : 

iiiiijor   .   

DlplopiMla 

IHptira 28,M» 

I>iptt>r;ifyr1iirbii|ilia 5.19 

IXptiTii  nrlhoiliaplift .562 

dinila  (Lilliiipbla) 258 

DiaciMtiima 4.37. 452 


Wge. 
56,1 
566 
533 
.523 
523 
43 


ap. 


diajrctji  (SolnniyKa) 

dU.liintiUM  (PiiinpHooiia) . . 

(ThoiniHtiH) 

diap«riiu(r.lniiinpay(.'h(>)  .. 

diaaipaliia  ( Platyniia) 

Dlaanatftira  baldiiiKf^rt .... 

dlvpiuB  (Procydnua) 

Dociiniia 

payllotdea 

DnlicliopeKn 

DnlJcliopfHlldir 

Doliclinpim 

"P 

Doliiiiiedua 

Donncia 

emarginata 

pompatlca . .  . 

poroHtccdlia    

pnbicolUa   

atlria    

dorinitana  ( Ptt^rnatirhua)  . 
doraiinxua  (Ancoiiatiia)  .. 
DorllieHia 


4.52 
64fl 
118 
.58 
190 
S2l 
924 
440 
314 
314 
B74 
662 
962 
562 
62 
486 
486 
486 
486 
486 
486 
626 
272 
241 

Diamldea    48,49,00,82 

Draaaiia 62 

I)i-epaiippt(Tyx 164 

Dryoiwtca 470 

ilfTalMT 470 

rarboimriaa 470 

iiiiproHatin    470 

H'  ;iti'iiti'lana1ia 470 

Dyaaerlon ....  125,126,127 

frciU-ilcil 127,  i:iO 

lakoaii    127,130,132 

packardii 127, 130, 132 

Dyadera 80 

DyKdncua 409 

cimtua 410 

iinicnlor 410 

DywliTldea 48, 40,  62, 60 

Pyliscidiu 617 

eatoiii  (Prucydniia) 442 

Hbruinum  (CliiL>r1diiini) 490 

Ei-Iytua   614 

liitahia 614 

ifTiiaaiia  (Epira'raa) 480 

Elnpbriia   933,534 

irref;iilaria .531 

riparitiH .534 

nmcariiia .534 

virldia 634 

Elilt.Midn' 27,  490 

HP 408 

rlegana  (Cloaterocdria)  36;t 

(Entliea) 3.'>6 

(Fliirl»aaiitia) 294 

Elidipteni 297 

regalaria 207 


Pbrk. 

EMpawiia  117 

•diiii){alii  (I'ltliiipala) 301 

eloiiiiatiiH  ( LntTfihlimt 613 

ifliiMiiH  (('ratn|Mirlnl    467 

tinmi'lata  (Apbldopata) 265 

Enibldlna  92 

«nier«  ni  (Nntoiieota) 346 

iMiierMiiil  (Epoirn) 87 

KnipbiTln  ..  117,688 

Einpldai 29 

RncliDphora 279 

Enr<i|il<dophiia  224 

Rndp«atoiiiiiarn||a.ut 491 

KiUMipti'rldii'  23.5 

Rntinina 474 

if^'inonllalla 471 

En.ynidiK  62 

Eatlii'R 366 

ch'teana 866 

EotiiiKia 360 

antcnnata 360 

iluinipiiH^ariuata 869 

Epi'lra 91,76,82 

abxi'imdlta 82, 81 

cliii'facta 82,8'i 

di'llta 82,85 

«ini!rt«iil  82,87 

t'iij:(*na 62 

kraiitiiii 82 

ini'cikll 82,83 

iiiolaaaica 82 

rlparla 89 

»p    88,89  . 

triiil'belil 82,84 

viilcanalia 82,88 

Epelrldi'a 48,48,60,76 

Epi-lrldlon 70 

Ephoniom 118,119,120 

cxaurca 124 

lliliiinbilla 120,121 

intcri-niptli 120,123 

iimcili'iitn   120,122 

HciiinffcimN    110 

piiiiili'iiHa 120,122 

laliillcii 120 

Epbi'ii.iTidH' 92.118 

I'lpbydrinidiu 

EpiciiTiiH   

ftl'uAaiia     

i-xiuiliiiia 

^rittoiia  

aaxatUia   

EpJplianIa 

cornittiia 

dob;tuB 

Eplpaociia 

Epora 

Kreniobldo) 

Kronim'oria 


6*3 

478 

480 

479 

478 

478 

498 

498 

498 

117 

301 

226 

430 

KreaoidiD 49,.52 

El-i);niHt  71 

Eiiatalia 658 

lapldeuB 66H 

Eritbua 62 

Ero 71 

j  Erotylldm 602 

pruptlonia  (PaUdicella) . .  189 

Erytbrnmnm 126,137,139 

Etirocorla     419,425 

Infi'malia 426 

Eucoriti-a 384,392 


»ii 


INIJKX. 


727 


p»g«. 

Kiivorltfn  Mreamni 3113 

EiiillDK»Kaa 47B 

errouun 4tlO 

exnnlmlii 479 

Hittiitlllii 471 

ternmua 476 

Kugnmnptai 481 

ilooHinutuii 483 

gnndu^raa 481 

Knophrjii tl 

Eiiphuift US 

Eiirliliiiis  moultns 28 

Riiryil«nia 4t3 

Riir^upuR 71 

Kiirypaaropoilldie M 

Kiirypaiiropiu 08 

EiisarcorlH 4fi3 

EiiHoliintiiii  antlqniit 4S4 

Kut«rni>'i 104,106,114 

crontlcaa IO!S 

foaaarnm IDS,  114,  IIS 

moodil   103,114,115 

obaonrua 105 

ip 110 

Eiiionna 43 

Evngoroa 854 

evanoaoeiia  {NfluroDia)    106 

nrenta  (Inocollla)  160 

erm-aa  (Clablima) 03 

oTtdena  ^aaaopaia) 813 

eviratiia  (Pulycrutropaa) 182 

OTOcatua  (Parattiia) 54 

OToluta  (LinniDa) 300 

erul8ua(Lithocorl«) 301 

xxaniiuati'i  (Parodariniatua). . .  423 

exauimia  ( Epicffinia) 47B 

oxoana  (Polycontropna) 181 

exiln  (Coretlira) 68.1 

Exitelua 384,408 

oxanoguia 408 

exnlvtnm  (Bembidiam)    S30 

oxaanguia  (Exitelua) 408 

exatirpatna  (Caoalydua) 420 

exaiioa  / Aphontspliia) 254 

nxaucca  (Ephuniurn) 124 

oxaoctiia  (Ligyrocoria) 38S 

otaularia  (Agrlon) 139 

exaulatuin  (Labiduromma).   ..  312 

extormlnata*  (Trapozonotna) . .  895 

eiternatua  (Lttobrochiia) 186 

extlncta  (Mclanotbrlpa; 371 

extranoiia  (Lithocbroiiiua) 404 

Exyaton 609 

rirratna  (Fnaona) 365 

I'leciileutna  (Lygaeiia) 377 

I'eciiiiduni  (CorydiiUtea) 140 

fencatrata  (Cyttaroniyia) 575 

Ficnroaa 301 

Ficaraaltea 301 

atigmaticum 301 

flctilix  (Cboragna) j 465 

flnibriata  (Lltbopsia) 300 

flrniata  (Triboobryaa) 172 

flabellam(Proal  ara) 344 

flacdda  (Agallla) 306 

Flata 278,299 

Flatida 299 

Klegia 71 

Floiiaajntift 293  ! 

elegana 2M  I 


Paga 

rndlnn  (Pamtermea) 112 

fiBda  (llmrla) 4.12 

fullarani  ( Pantatumltn) 462 

Faroln«lla  annullpea 203 

Forfloiila 301 

albliwnnla 203 

aiirlonlaria 203,203,211 

bolcenala 203 

mlnnr 203 

inlnuta 302 

parnllela 202 

prlmigeriia 202 

recta 203 

Forfli'ularin  problematioa 2ii3 

ForLciilarlm 20? 

Formica 6i8 

nrcanu  618 

Fornilcidm 30,616 

fiiaaariim  (Eutrmipa)  116 

foaallla  (Palaiolhripa) 373 

fractiia  (Pternatlchiin)      527 

rragmmitiim  (Ilenibldlum) 631 

frederlcll  (Dyaagrlon) 130 

rremoDtil  (PiBcilooapaiial so.'t 

MgMcena  (Derobrochna) IBS 

Fulgora 384 

graniiloaa 284 

obticeacrna 285 

popniata 284 

Fnlgorldn 279 

Flllgorliin  278 

riindl  (TbamnotHttix) 310 

FaaiMiH 364 

I'wcatiia 305 

Haltinicella 489 

ninrltiina 485 

picea 485 

Oalgiilidie 101,347 

gaiinetli  (Thaninntottix) 300 

gardnori  (Llthnchromiia) 403 

Oiirgaphia 359 

Gea  iirantzil gi 

gelliloi  (Rbipiphorna) 4«i 

gelalna  ( Patmbua) .130 

geliclua  (PtcroatiohuB)    527 

Oeocorlua    38') 

Geocoria 38> 

iurernnrnm 381 

Gonphiliia 4:1 

Gerancon   244,248 

dnviaii 218 

petrorum 248,240 

Gerria 348 

gigantea  (Petrolystra) 321 

(I'lanopMebia) 2gii 

gilbert!  (Labiduromma) 211 

glacialirt  (Loriceru) 633 

glaciattim  (Bembidium) 531 

glaciatus  (Blediua) 505 

GlypU  613 

tranaveraaiiH  613 

Guoriate 602,.'i07 

apioalia 692 

dentoni 692 

megarrbiQa 592 

GomphidiD  92,125 

Gomphocerua 223 

ahatruflua  223 

femoralia 220 

GompfaoiduB 125 


Payn. 

(lomplina 13S 

Gnnataa 106 

Giirgopla 63,63 

gnaiutenaia  (NKcrooyduna) 445 

Hrn'a 76 

grandn'vua  (Euguamptua) ....  481 

graiiiildna  (Fulgora) 284 

gravutuH  (Ciirmi'Iua) 361 

gravida  I  I.liinira) 399 

gravlda*ii4  (Tbilmmoaohlatua).  463 

Gryllacrlclidii' 232 

Oryliiicria    238 

rharpcntieri 233 

olni'ria 283 

iingeri 233 

Grylildoa 3:u 

Gryliiitalpa 234 

Gryilotalpldie 235 

Oryllua 234 

guloaa  (IlHoria) 431 

guttatun  (Corliua) A34 

(Lllhvniii«t«B) 220 

giljotl  (IVlliileua) 78 

ilyniiii^trnii 471 

locuutei 471 

tet«r 472 

Oypoua 307 

clnercia 308 

Oyrophiuna S09 

anxicola BOO 

vinula 609 

Hadronema 370 

ciuereact'iia 870 

hagenii  (PurutBimea)  110 

lialdemuni  (DIaplugma) 380 

Haleaaua 193 

halli  (Platy nua) 520 

nnlobatea 351, 383 

Halometra 350 

Ilalya  453 

Hamninptoryx 208 

rrticulnta 298 

hargeri  ( A  plildopala) 263  " 

Harmoatitca 432 

narpaotor   354 

narpoconi 3<J2 

liarttii  (Platynua) 522 

HaaaoltidpB 15 

Hecr'a 430 

fii'da    431, 432 

guioHa 431 

lapidoaa    431,432 

Hc'liotbripa 371 

Helomyziduj 547 

Helophilaa 5S8 

Heiophorus 516 

iincatua 611 

rigeacena 516 

B<"»ber 617 

lubercnlatua 517 

Herarrobidu)  92,146,161 

Hemrrobiiia 93, 161 

Ilomtirobiaa 147 

IIemipt<>ra 288 

bouahawi  (Diplochila) 623 

bentxii  (Tetbnona) 80 

heroB  (Petrolystra) 322 

Herailioidai 49,62 

beaperidum  (Cixius) 287 

heatema  (TitaniBoa) 69 


728 


INDKX. 


llrltTOUHIIlItt 217 

lli'li<rii|(iMlrlu» 974 

Hi'toriiinnia O'i 

1l«t«niniyi« 647 

(InlM'ta M« 

•nnllla M7 

IlKlrrophlolila I2S 

Il»t4<ra|il«ru    3M 

ImihU'I  (riiityniiH) fiSO 

III|i|ilii<'iiii  luglannttlotiu 234 

II  Iriiiniii'iirldm 29 

liimuU  lAoroveral DO 

IlintKrilllV 28 

llliilii|M>ii» 6H 

lloildltTiiiM 104, 106, 1  l.'l 

I'DlornilensU lolV,  1 1  :i 

lirildliiKeii lO.'i 

pmciTUH lO.t 

llnU'linrpa 17:* 

IIolcDrpn 147, 17:i 

nmciitou 174 

hnlnienti  (Lmnieft) 397 

Uoinnlota MO 

rsolK»  600 

llonifMliMniiii 362 

}Ii)ninM));tiiniii  217 

viuitrlcwB 21)* 

IlniiKiptrra 2.10 

lloplomarliiiH 362 

HoniiUciDi 467 

partltiiB 467 

hynUiinni  (Lttliagrlun) isri 

bjattii  (Si'inplilla) 697 

HyilroliatldiK 350 

nj-droliluii 811 

conflxiin 611 

dralneratiiB fill 

fiiKoipra 811 

nydroidiiia nis 

ainli'liis SIS 

rellotuB 810 

■ubciipifliis 615 

llydrniiietra    351 

llydrophilidiD 27, 810 

Ilydrophilun 27 

liyilropicA  (Mndca) 553 

llydropnyche 170 

iiinrcena I80 

operta igo 

Uydrop8yrhld.Ti 02,177,170 

Ilydrnptilidii' 92,177 

HyjjrotrechuH 351 

rPtiiiRig 352 

»t&li 351 

HylaHteg 468 

fiqiinlidcns 468 

Uylobiua 473 

confiiBiw 473 

piclvorns 473 

provcctiia 473 

Hymi'Doptera 30, 004 

Ilypochryaa 16« 

llypnclinea 616,617 

nblilerata 610 

Tlypselonotna 411 

Ic'lineamon 608 

petrlnun 608 

Icliufluinouidie 30,008 

Ictiniia 125  I 

Idniooia 62 


Pa»iv 

imlHirllliii  (l'n>l iri 424 

ImlHx'llliia  (Miwihiorhiia) 119 

ImiiHTfla  (ffirlxa).. .145 

liiiiiiobillH  (KpliiMiii*rn) Ill 

lllipiVHNIIA  (l)l'yiM'il-(nH)     .......  410 

limnltiiiitn  lAiitl lyla)  641 

hiiapax  (rbiMiidlal  4W 

Indiit.itiin  (I'riinvmobliia) 236 

liidiirHimnii  (TirniwIiUtiii) 4'Jl 

Iniliiiili.  193 

cali'iilca 179,194 

tiibiiloHa  193 

Innpinlia  (Trlbocbryiial 170 

liKiniilx  rraiialcidrn) 387 

liiriHiiitlln  (Ktlrwcirlm ...  426 

InCi'iiinriiiii  ((Jfoi'urlii) .1(<1 

lnr<'riiiirii  (l.ttbiiliiroiiinia) 214 

Inirrniiii  (TItaiKi'ca) 60 

iiihiMtiin  (Parodiirniiiitiiii) 424 

limwllia 146,  IM,  105 

nrlKmia 16.^ 

t'Vi'uta  156,160 

KOiniiolxntM 186, 187 

Iniiiiilnta 166,  LIS 

viit«raim IM 

iiiorrmta  (I'niocphnra) 329 

inniKKli  (I'liintcriiieii) 108 

InnlublllH  (Agallbi)  307 

lulcMciiiptft  (Epbi'iiii-ra) 123 

lnt«i|{lii('lHli<  (Liitlimbliini) 806 

intri'lln  (Aiiypbii'im) 87 

llniliililiiin  (I'lulyiiinis)  406 

Irri'iiiibiiiii  (Klapbrim)    634 

(Palilpbrodt'8) 338 

Uiira    814 

iHcliiiorhyiichua 381 

lanpbli'bia 128 

iMlda 278 

Iwiiin 307 

luHdm   43 

Iiilua 44 

antitpiiii* 43 

Habiihttmft 43 

UdlimU-r 44 

tfTTOstriB  43 

Ixodua 47 

tnrtlariiia 47 

Ixmlldio 47 

JasHida 302 

■Tanniden 302 

JaHsopniH ,12 

ovidena ^12 

JjiSHiia     ,*''J,  308 

latcbiii! 3U8 

apj  iiicoriiia 308 

Juniperiia  coininiinb 468 

Juvenla  (Ubyaaa) 600 

laliHlUH  ( NVcriichroiuUB) 407 

lalwl'actn  (PbryKUiieii) 197 

lalM'iiH  (Lnbidiirutuiiia)    214 

T,ubbi  minor  .   202 

Labtdiira 204 

lltbnphila 213 

riparia 200,210 

tiTll.uia 209 

Labiduniiitnia 203 

avla    2()S 

biirniHUid 205, 200 

coiimiixtum 205,20)1 


LaliidiiiiiMiiiitt  finiiUiiiiii   , 

KllbartI 

Inriiruiini 

Ulxiiia 

Ilttaophlliim , 

mortals  

•P 

tertiartnm 

l^cotibliia 

elongMua 

Lwcnphllua 

imuinlMua 

•I> 

(.accophrya 

la<'lilaiil  (IlathrnniiiTninua)  . 
Lilrlinila 


p«iroruni ». 

I  fpieanuU 

laoila  ((^apaiia)   

La-iiiophliMm 

I  III' V liiat iia  ( I'lvriMllchua) 

j  lakeaii  (Dyaaiirlon)   ..  

I  lainlnariini  (llracon) 

I  laiiLiiiKiia  (Priierophliia)  

I  laii\;i;,iliia  (IMithluncfiria) 

lapldariuB  (I'lilUiacblHtiia)  

lapldnacona  ( Ily tlioaoopiia) 

lapldciia  (Griatalla) 

lapidiMB  (Ilmria) 

lapaua  (Cat-alydua) 

larvata  (/Karliiia) .* 

Laaioptera 

rccoaaa  

Lnaiiia 

tt^rn'iia 

laaaa  (Sbniuplija) 

laU*biH>  (.TaaHiis )    

lAti'broH.t  (Cliibiona) 

Latprliiradin 

Latlm).fiiiin 

abacflHaum  

tdoiitfatiim 

Krande 

Ill  lorKlaclalo 

I.allmlia 

latitatiia  (i^arattiia)  

Lebla 

Incontel  (Oyniiiotrun) 

li'el  (l.yatra) 

Lelalutniplma 

patriarrbiciia 

Li>piducyrtu8 

Lopldoptcra 

I.rpiaina    

platynipra 

aacchai-Inn 

LepianiatidiD 

Lcptobrochiia 

Iiiteiia 

Loptoceridin 92, 

Leptopblubia 

I.epti>acella 

Leptyania 

L«at«a 128, 

coloratus 

Iria 

liMicoaift 

lilEea 

pnlainoe 

vlulna 

leaueiirii  (Oryotaphia) 


TaiiK. 

208,212 

201,511 

20.1,  il  4 

205,  214 

2U6,  213 

208,  207 

214 

205,209 

61S 

813 

617 

617 

617 

007 

lilt 

213 

240 

25(1 

369 

8«. 

62H 

132 

6U6 

383 

418 

461 

SOS 

888 

432 

419 

145 

600 

600 

618 

618 

2.13 

308 

65 

48,56 

608 

606 

806 

806 

50« 

318 

til 

613 

471 

283 

607 

607 

100 

20,602 

102 

102 

102 

92,102 

170, 187 

187 

177, 191 

118 

4U 

223 

126,127 

126 

127 

127 

137 

127 

127 

267 


INDEX. 


729 


Ii'tntii*  (('rvptiH'limniiu) 400 

It'tllllMlN  (Mt'iMlhnM'lllll*) IRH 

iKllmiKli  im  il'hlliliiiH'orl*) 416 

iKwInil  (Axitllln) 309 

LIMIiilii m,l2« 

ail 14« 

LIMIiiliilM) •!,)!».  l-iR 

MhrlliilinB W.m,12«,U& 

Llburul* SHS 

LIIijIIikIdx M 

IlKXllrl  (I'ollnM'hIalllil)   4(1 

IlKnItiini  (Anolilum)   402 

MKyrwwU 3M,  3M 

I'XNIICtllll  iW^ 

llnitKnuiin  (Maluioiioliliitnil 400 

Liiiiimlialidiv a3S,M0 

Lhiiiiiibin* 28 

LfiiiiuM'iMin'H 47 

iintl<|iiuii 10l,»47 

Llnm<i|iliiIlclH< U,  iTT,  178, 102 

I.liiiiinplilllua ft74 

Liniiinplilliii    113 

Kopontos 103 

Mninopayohx lOH 

iliapcnit 100 

Dninntrt'cliiis 8ft1 

liiiioi*ii4  (ThlilHinieniiN) 4A0 

Miiiiii'a 384,306 

oliulltn  307,308 

cnroxraU 307, 30H 

BTolulii 307,390 

KiarliU 307. 309 

hnlniMI    SVI 

piitnnnil 307 

I.liiyphiii    51,71,75 

(hulrai'untha 70 

i-ett'iiHU 75 

I  iittfiinlB 75 

Liottu'topiini 017 

piiiKue  017 

Llmni-iotim 474 

inurHtiia 474 

LitlnulatlirlpH 372 

vetiiata 372 

Lilbaurion  125,120,127,134 

hvaliniim  127,135 

umlimliiiii 127, 13r>,  130 

LiUiapliia 244,2.'i7 

rtirnta 2.18 

Uthocpliom   320 

illupliiina 330 

iiiurata 330,331 

,  aetlRcra 330 

iiuicolor 330, 331 

Litloibiiia 43 

UUiiichranin* 384, 402 

t'XtraiH'ua 403, 404 

);anln«ri 403 

iiiortuariua 403,404 

nbatrlctiia 403 

Lithoi;.,.:- ;«4,390 

Hviilaim .391 

Lithomyza 600 

ciindltii 001 

liihDplilltiiii  (LHlildiiroiuiiia)...         213 

Litbopiiyan 500 

tiinmlta.. 5W 

Litliopals 200 

vIoniiHta 300,  301 

fliiibi'iniB :I0» 

Litbortalia 540 


I'agc 

I.lllinrtalla  pleta 541 

I.ltbiiliirila  009 

vniaMml 000 

tilthyniniitra 217 

giitlatua 129 

t.lliibnx'hiia 179, 180 

nxKriialiu 180 

I^obuatonia 452 

LocrllKa 323 

oopel 333 

ImlillnKuri «"'. 

ap(ai-ei<ipl.PI.I9,PI|i.l9|. 

whltfl 323,324 

Loi'iiain  23'J 

Krni'iilaiiillca. 230,1:12 

oculdttulalla 331 

■lluiia 232 

Loriiatai'lui 237 

»p 334 

I^oinalitua  inaciilate 137 

I'OiiL'biuii 589 

Heiiimoeua 530 

vajflnalia    530 

Lonchii'lilii' 5.'(0 

liiiiKmva  ( A  pbii'iioKaatpr)  016 

Lniiiiipiilpi 675 

liiiiKipt'H  (OnlirliH!ui  laa) 430 

t.iiptirla     802 

UiphoKloaaiia ...  619 

LnpliniiutiiH 43 

Lopbciplda  278 

I'l'Pua 303 

Lorlrora  533 

rinnilcavona 533 

ili'UoinpiiuctatA 633 

lllaclalia 533 

liitoaa 5.13 

Txirlcprlnl •. .  534 

I«itxuiidl-tli  jtrlldlla 52/ 

lutulhl  (Apbidopaia)   263 

llientiin(Eclytiia) 014 

liitonxla  (Ollania) 288 

liiteiiH  (Le]>t4>br(i€biia) 167 

liiUHit  (Lorlcirn) 533 

hit(Mii'<  ( A  iiielancod) 270 

Lycnaoldit! 40,62 

LvotooiirlB 301 

ttirreiiR 301 

LygB'nrla 376 

LvKiiiWin 342,374 

l.yKivlna 374,375 

Lyirwttea 376 

LypiMia  370 

fa'culon tua 376, 377 

iniitllua  370 

obwlHiiooua ,'176, 377 

atflbiHtua .  370 

LyKtia 3112 

Lyaira  '.'82 

ll«i 282,283 

rlchurdannl 282, 2S3 

Macaria 82 

niacor  (Thiibameniia)....  4.'>1 

maceriatiix  (IIiu'onchiHlual     ...  459 

iDArih'iitH  {KpbiMitcr.i)     122 

macreacciiH  (l£hi'piic<pria), 427 

Macrnceiitnia 6U7 

maottlntn  (('yiDut^miera) 230 

(Pttlocpliora) 820 

ma.mloaa  (Ilnloorpal  174 


Page. 

UalaimlKrniato n 

niaiiitlUiiiia  (I'moydnua)  443 

niancH  (Svinniyial 643 

roMiliim  (CapltHihmmua) 406 

MaiilIdH Ml 

niarcflua  (Il^diopaycb*) IM 

niaroldii^  (Drnihrcicbua) lU 

iiiariirriiiM  ( Aphliliipala) 204 

niF,  vfiinl  (Paleopbora)  327 

•tiaaceai'flna  (Aitrion) 130 

MatiPoarblaliia 46.1,469 

llnilKvuiia  400 

mnadlKKiitei'inea) 116 

Meciicnphala 453,459,404 

ap 404 

nimikli  (R|ielra) 83 

MaKaloiniia  104 

Melaiinpliiira 07 

Molanolbripa 871 

Bit'.unU 871 

UsliddiK 38 

Manibraalda 802 

Meaobnxihiih 179,188 

Inibncilliia 188,189 

Ii«tbH!ua 188 

Metfonia 007 

Metnibatoa 862,353 

nilenialla 853 

Mlon-lytraria 4|g 

MicromuB 14'r  i(i3 

blrtua 185 

MUroTella 349 

Mlcryphanu^a 70 

Mld«aldu< 20 

Mllealn 665,567 

cpiailrala 537 

minima  (KhepiH'oria) 429 

minor  (Cychraa)    537 

Mlrarla .' 302 

MIrIa 301, ,102 

MIxalla 51 

MnenioaynB  tnrrontula 2I>3 

Monunthia 357, 368 

quadrlmaoiilata 3.t8 

veterna  850 

wollUI 858 

Monopblebua .*. 241 

peunalua Ill 

Biroplex 242 

Mordellldin _       28 

Mormoliicoldea  artlcnlatiia  ...  148 

mortale(Labldurommn) '    207 

roortlclna  (PallapU'ril     540 

mortuarliia(Ulbocbn>mu8) 404 

mortnolla  (Paooiulhi) 603 

morlniia  (Uxygouiia)    400 

niiidKi'i(Arohtlacbnua) 247 

iiMiltlapInoaa  (Tyrbiila) 231 

miirata  (Utbecpbora)  .*. 831 

niiiratna  (Llatrunutaa) 474 

Muaca 651 

t\BoarldcB 661 

LiboBa 552 

hydropica 658 

Bp 568 

TinculaU 554 

MuHldai 20,551 

mutllaU  (Thamnotettlx) 809 

MutilUdic 30 

Myoetophila 588 

occolUtA 688 


730 


INDEX. 


Pago 
MycetophilidiB 2tl,S86 

a|> 5M 

Mycotretua S02 

binolataa 603 

aangiiiiiip«iiuia 603 

MyoiLicharia 383, 3St 

M.vmlocbiua 374,  MB 

Uyupa 855 

Myriapoda 48 

Myrmoleon 147 

Myniielcontliia 82 

Uyrmloa "5 

ap *I6 

MymlcldiB 30,«I8 

MyatacMea 191,104 

Nabidm  , 339,340,341 

Nanthacla i'^* 

torpida 224 

\aacorida) 339, 340,  .W 

Nebria 632 

paleonielaa 632 

Bahlbergi 532 

Xecrochromua 384. 40fi 

cockerelll 406,407 

labatua 406,407 

aaxlflcaa 4%,  407 

Xecrocydnus 437,443 

ainyzuoua 444,446 

KOhiatenaia 444,445 

revectUB 444,44il 

aenlor. 444,447 

aulidatua 444,447 

alygiaa 444.446 

toipens 444,445 

viilcautua  444 

.Vccropsylbi 275,278 

rijiidii 276 

Necygomirt 347 

riilundatua 348 

Xi^lnnibillln  149 

.Vuiiintortira 568 

\.  .;ii,biii8 234 

brtiariua  235 

vittatna 235 

Ni-olballra 636 

te«teu« 535 

\epbila 81,52,76,89 

pi'uuatipea 89 

pimuipea OU 

N.'pidB' 339,340 

.Srpiiculii 602 

XourmrorU 436 

Xonronbi 196 

in'aueacena 196 

rnticiiUtJt 196 

Kfinifaaciata 197 

NmiropU'ta 91 

iii};ra  (St«uovelift)  350 

iiij^riim  (Pt(>ro8ti]{raa) 275 

Nitidiilidai    ..    27,499 

iioi'tiiDl  (Taxonus) 6U4 

NoHodeDtlron 4&9 

trita.ura  499 

iiiiicolor 499 

N'otbochi  yaa  147, 166, 108, 1 6» 

fulvicepa 169 

Notipbilina 543 

NotonecU 346 

omcraoni 846 

NotODectldat 846 


P  aRO. 

Nyotopbylax 279 

uhleri 270 

vlnil 279,280 

NynipbalidH) 29 

Nyniphoa 147 

Nyaiua    377 

atratiin 378,380 

temB 378,379 

tritua 378,370 

vecola 378 

Tincttia 378 

obdonnitDm  (Diaplegma) 292 

obduratua  >Tetbn<  ua) 79 

obliqiia  ( Palaphrodna) 336 

obtiterata  (Hypocniifa) 016 

obDubiliia  (PoteHfbtittia) 458 

ubaciira  (PalapbrmU-s) 335 

abaolefactua  ((^apsim) 368 

obaoleacena  ( Ly)(ipnii) 377 

ubaoletuni  (Stapbyliuitea)  .   ...  510 

obBt'ictiia  (Lilliochroniua) 403 

obtei^ta  (Tettignniii) S04 

obticeacena  ( Piilgora) 285 

(MTiiItata  (Mycetophila) 588 

occultorum  (Diaplcgn    ) 291 

Oohyroooria 241 

Ooypete 56 

CKIonata...   02,124 

Odoiitoceruni 191 

(Ecant'ma 234 

(Edipoda 223,225 

cn)ruleac«na 224 

flacheri 224 

irarmari 224 

baidingr-ri 224 

luolanoatlcta  224 

nigrufaaciulata 220,224 

(Bnin^enaia 224,  '*'15 

priorocata 225 

iKdipwIidfl) 220.22:) 

<Kstrhla> 551 

(Kalrua 559 

Ollaritca 293 

terrentula 293 

Oliarua 287 

IiitenHJa 288 

Onc» 76 

<  )ni-oiylaria  302 

Oncotyltia 362 

opoita  I llydropayche) 180 

opertaneiim  (Ihoridiaiii) 73 

Opbryaatea 477 

cinereiia 478 

cnmpactaa 4t7 

Upilioiioa    45 

Opiathopbylax .56 

OpHifWtua 3.55 

Orbitrlariiu 48,76 

Orchclimuiii    231 

i-onrinniim 231 

placidiiin 231 

nrAillaiia .176 

Ortalid'U 2t;,.'.40 

OithiiDfiiru       560 

Ortbophli'bia 172 

Ollbopa 362 

OitbiiiHi'ia    201 

Ortburbapba 66:: 

Orthriocoiiaa  419,429 

longipea 430 


'  Oryctaphia 244,;06 

luauenrii 206,267 

I  ri>condlta 266 

OryctoAcirletna  protogieaa 28 

Osmyliia  146,117,161,162 

Plotna 162,163 

rvqiiirtiia 162 

oatenlata /niiibiona) 65 

oatunttia  ( P(ccilacapaua) 360 

Ollorbynchidic 475 

Otiorbynidiiia  ^^g 

diibiiia  477 

porditufl 478 

j  aulcatua 477 

I  tiiniba* 477 

j  onataleti  (Trox) 4^7 

I  ovah)  (Auobium) t 491 

j  OircarouiDa  381 

j  Oxygoniia  406 

!  mortuiia 4gg 

]  Oxyiioriis  505 

"tiriacua S05 

Oxytcliia 503 

priatiniia 503 

nigoaiia g04 

Paobycoria 433 

ParhyniuruB :i84,400 

faaciaiiis 397 

potienaia 401 

piilchellna 397 

Fachypaylla.  275 

Pacbytylua   224 

packardii  (Dyaagrion) 133 

PaladicKlIa 179,189 

crupiioola Igg 

Palifochryaa 147,166 

striota 166 

Paltcocorin  m 

PaliTDilictyoplora  103 

PaliL'otbripa 373 

foaailia 373 

P,iiieon'!la 318,349 

fpiuoaa 349 

Palaplirolca 333 

vineta 134 

iiTKgulaiia 334,335 

obliqua 334,336 

obacura 334,335 

Irauaveraa... 331,338 

Palri'pbora 324 

cunimuuia 321,328 

iiiornata 326,  3jO 

inaculata 326 

inarvinei 326,327 

paUifacta 336,327 

prmvab'na 326,328 

PalenibuluHdori^fTiiB 2fi 

pab-iiini'Iaa  (!{ebrin) ,'>32 

Paliiigonia 118,119 

feintniauli'll 119 

Palloptnra 640 

morticina 540 

pahidigoiia  (TiiiodiM) 190 

paludivaga  (BtdctiDa) 504 

Paniora Ssl 

Parapbagidip 220 

Panorpa 147,172,173,176 

gnu^ilU 174 

nematogaator I7S 

rigid* 1T6 


Page. 

Fanorpidffi 92,147,172 

ParahtindUi 21(1 

Huussun^i 216 

luialli'lus  (TelniatreobuO 3S3 

Riralvctra 319 

Parandritii 501 

oephalotea 502 

i-osllto 501 

PdniUDa 62,53 

evocatus 63,54 

latitatng 63,65 

reanrrcotua S3 

Panidanuiatua 419,421 

abaciaaua 421,422 

caduciia 42I,4i:i 

colliaaa 421.422 

defrctna 421,423 

vxanimatna 421, 423 

Inhibitua 421,424 

Pnrolanii  >  rudia 28 

Paru|iaiiai8    117 

dit^juDOtua 118 

Parcilminea....- 106 

rodiuffi 105,108,112 

haxonii 295, 108,110 

liHlgnia    106,108 

|inri itiiH  ( Moruiiacna)    467 

parvus  (Thlibomonua)   449 

piitofacta(PaIiM!phara) 327 

patella  (Cbirnuoiuua^ 580 

patriarchicua  ( Lelatotrophua) . .         607 

Patrubua 530 

gelatua 63U 

anpteiitritmia 63u 

.''aiiropida U8 

p«aU>i  (Pleuia) 685 

IVli'cinus 30 

Polu^oniirt 347 

Peliiplii^jiiia' 243  i 

Poiupliijiua 243 

l><'iiuntipi',H  (NV|><iila)    89 

piMiiiatii.i  (Art^bilacbnus) 247 

PiMitatoiiin .". 435, 463 

Peubitniiiida 4S;i  { 

Pcutatuiuidic   342,4.15 

PenlAtuiiiites    4S3.461 

roliariiiu 462 

P<?ufhetriii  aitiiitkunioeua 583 

perditUB  ((ltiurh>itcbiia) 476 

pen  iiiptua  ( l'i«zoi:oria)  417 

pvn>iinatua  (Thlibntnenua) 450 

peritua  (Piezocoria)  417 

Perlina 92 

Petalia 125 

IVtaliira  125 

P'ltraiiiR  (PJlliiuocorla)    4lfi 

potreu.siH  (Pachyiuarna) 401 

pntreua  (Thlibnineiim) 449 

petriniiB  ( Icbiitnimon) litis 

Peti'ol^atra 319 

KiKautoa  ;i21 

beroa 821,322 

petroruiii  (Geranrnn) 249 

Pliaua^na  .  ....,., 489 

antiqaiia    4gg 

cainirnx 4(19 

pluto 4tio 

PbaneropttTiivotuata 227 

Phaanilda 219 

i'lienolla 499 

giOTiw 499 


INDEX. 

Paice. 

Phenolla  iDcapax  499 

Pbldlppna .12,53 

Phnhjrdrua 51  j 

prlmicTaa 512 

«P 512 

PhllodtomtnQ  49,56 

Pbtlogenia 126,129,135 

Philotaraaa  i)7 

PhI<Bocoila    435 

Pblreoslniia 468 

PbliBothripa  371 

PbradopanitTu    384,388 

cblltendeni 388,389 

wilaoni 388 

Phryganoa 197 

autiqna 178,  lot 

blumii 178,194 

corentiana 193 

gcraudiana 193 

grandia 108 

bypi'rborea 91 

labnfacta 197 

nilcaceii  194 

operta 180 

Pbrjganidio    92,177,195 

PbrynidaD  45 

PhtbiuocoriH 412,414 

culligatiia  414 

iaugiiidiia 414,415 

lutbargiuiia 414,415 

pelriBua  414,416 

357 
227 
234 
220 
371 
362 


731 


Pbylluutucbeilacardiii  . 
Pbyllopburidic. 
Pbylloptera    .. 

Pbymatidiu 

Pbyaapodea    . . 
Phytocorui'i' 


Phytoooria  361,362 

iUVuIutUH     3ft) 

Pbytopiua  antiquiiB 47 

picea  (Oalcrueella)  486 

picta(LithorlaUa) 541 

Pierinu3 29 

Piuaiiia 357 

rotunda 35a 

Piczucoria 412,416 

e;)iDpacUlia 417 

poreniptua. 417 

peritua 417 

Pinipl* 30,610 


deoeaaa 

iuatigiitor 

aaxea 

Hi'ueola    

pinguo  (LioiuKtopuin)  

I'ipuni'tilidiK  

Pintea 

Plratina    ... 

placatua  (XtOeoacbiatua) 

Xdat-idmii  (OrobiiUmiim) 

I'bigtognal  baria 

Planipenuia 92,146 

r-iiinooepbaliia 94,98,347 

aBt'lloidua ...  94 

PlannpliU^bU 296 

glgaiilea 296 

Platyvneniia  126,127 

aiittquii ,  ..  127 

ioariia 127 

platymiira  (Lepiania) 102 

Pla.yuieria 354 


Page. 

PlatynuB 6|g 

cieruB.. 821 

caaiia    619 

crouiatrlatiia 619,520,621 

dfaiiutua .   . . 521 

diaaipatua ;.         621 

balll 820 

harttii 622 

binilei 620 

rabripea 619,520,821 

•ene» 519 

rarlolatiia    619 

Plaiypeziiliv   55-, ' 

:  Pleoia 883 

d^ecta 886 

i  Pealei 8b.-> 

I  Bimilkaineeaa  sm 

PliBarilna  354 

'•'"'•"•I" 361,354 

I  Podagrlon 125, 126, 127, 128, 133 

1  abortiviiiu    127  134 

i  mocropua 134 

Po'lura    109 

Podiirldie   93 

PnDctlocapaiia ^^ 

rri<iiiantii 3(8 

orDatiiliia 395 

oatentua   38.'i,369 

;  tabiduB 366.368 

veterandua     ...  365,366 

veteruoaua  36S..'te7 

PcBcMiera 278,279 

I'uUoniyia (,85 

focta ...         558 

Pollcsehistua 453,460 

lapldariuB *.  460,461 

•ig»tiia 400,461 


Poliatea.. 39 

Piilycentriipua 177, 180, 181 

oriratiia 192 

exeaua igj 

Polycloua 241 

Polydeamiia K 41 

I'olypbagit 217,218 

"olyxcniia 43 

ponipatiu.i  (Diiuacia) 486 

Poiiipilidie 39 

Punoridiu 39 

populntA(Fiilgura) 284 

portionalia  (Setoilea) 19| 

Potaniaiitbiia 118 

Pot«8cblatii8 453,458 

obniibiliia       4,',8 

prmforata  ((Edipiida) 225 

pnuMtriotuni  (Apnruma) 370 

pra>tectiia  ( Hbepovuria) 427 

pniraloiia  (Palt'cpliora) 329 

(Uhepucoria) 427 

pn^ouraor  ( Aphudiiia)  488 

prima  (C'a  opaylla, 277 

priniii'vua  (Pbilbydrua) 812 

prliiiiKUiiiiia  (TiMii'brio) 483 

pniiiigDiiiia  (Ctnrekcoria) 394 

priinitiva  (Diuranoiiiyia) 876 

prinionllalia  (Entimua) 474 

Prluiicphiira 332 

baIt<Mtta 832 

priaconiargii  ata  (Tetllgonia)  ..  302 

priaiMiputlda  (Aiiaaa) 41J 

priacotiiicta  (Tettlgnnia) 303 

pri8COvariegala(TetUgonla)  ...  30:i 


bHB 


732 


INDEX. 


prlfloiiH  (Antherophagiis) 

priHtiiMiji  f  nracii.N  tarniis) 

(OxjU'lus) 

proHvitUH  (Culex) 

proaviiH  (Clxiiis) 

proci'r.1  ( Bi  aclijpeza) 

PrncoriB 

bechleri 

saDctii-JobauufB 

Procrnpliiii!! 

coiiiumnirt 

OOHtaliH    

•  laiigueuH 

Procjdima  

tlt'VlctUH 

dtrexus 

catoui 

niainillaDut* 

proiiua 

qiiietiiii 

reliqiiiiH 

vu»pi?ru8 

Prwlywlora 

Prol.VKii'Ufl 

inunilatua 

Prnnintopia 

(lepilfH 

sexiiincitlnta 

PronemubiiiH 

induratiis 

nmitbii 

tertiario'i 

Pronophlebia 

reiliviva 

pronnrt  tPi'Ocydnus) 

Propetes.j 

prnpiiiqua  (Siphonopliomidi'B) 
ptopiuii'ians  (Kbepocoris) 
Prrmijritra 

flu'    ilura ... 

Proti'iii,. 

imbecillis 

Protoiieura 

Protophaamida 

provcctus  (H ylobiua) 

(TetbneiiB) 

Psecadia 

niortuella 

PNeiiduperla 

PMMidopbaiia 

Pneudopbltcina 

PMeudopbyllidfl) 

PKcudoatiKina 

PsviidotbomiBUs 

PniloU  

tauidoBA 

Psucina 

Pbociib 

PBC.qiillla 

Psylla 

P»yllida) 

ItByllnides  (DociniuB) 

P.)\Ilt)p8iB 

I'tiTOBtil-bUB 

ab-.-o<rHtii8 

coraciiiiiB 

deHtitiitiiB 

dOBt  I  UCtllB 

dorniiUDB 

IhMitnB 

gelidiM i 


Page. 

601 

466 

503 

B82 

287 

S91 

384, 3«2 

393 

3»3 

381 

382 

382 

382,383 

437, 438 

43S,  MO 

430  440 

439,  442 

439,443 

430 

439, 441 

4:10, 441 

439,442 

81 

384,40.% 

;06 

5v« 

SOv 

500 

234 

234. 23.'! 

234,  230 

!34,  235 

573 

574 

430 

52 

257 

429 

343 

344 

419,4'.'4 

424 

127 

103 

473 

81 

602 

603 

219 

278, 285 

430 

230 

127 

50 

SCI 

661 

82, 117 

117 

270 

275 

275 

314 

276 

a:5 

625 

528 

526 

527 

526 

627 

627 


Pteroatichua  lieroiiIanvnB 

liiidBontciiH 

laitultiB 

lievigatiiB 

patrnoliB 

«ayl 

I  ap 

BtygieuH 

Pteroatfgraa  . 

ni):runi 

recurvum 

PtiDidw  

Ptycl'opterina 

Ptyelus 

pumlcosa  (Ephemera) 

punctalata  (Stem  polta) 

piiiictulatiiB  ((/blietiluB) 

putiiaml  (Linna^a) 

PyralidiD 

Pyrrbocorina 

PyrrboBoma 126, 

Py  tbonlHBa 


qiiadrata  (Mileiia; 

(juedinx 

browerl  

cbaniberlini 

ii.'dotdiiniiB 

queBUeli  (Shenapbii*) 

qiiietuB  (ProcydDUB) 

laHueBqiit'KSiphunopboroideB). 
Kaphidia   

trauqulUa 

Kaphidildai    92, 

rece^Bu  ( Lastoptcr  \) 

i-eciai.  ( Homalota)  

recliiaa  ( Agathemera)    

recondita  (Oryctapbis) 

recta  (Poliomyia)     

recurvum  (PternstiKnia) 

rediriva  (Pronopblebia) 

RednriblB) 

Keduriina 

KeduviiiB 

gnttatuB 

regularia  (Elidiptora) 

relictus  f HydrachiiB) 

reliquata  (TaphacriB) 

reliquuB  (Procyduus) 

reperiUB  (Cratoparis)  

requietuB  (OBmylus) 

resurrectuB  (ParattUB) 

reautUB  (ThomianB) 

reteiiaa  ( Lin;  pbla) 

reticulata  (Hammapteryx) 

Retitelaria)  

revectuB  (Necrocydnus)  

rovelata  (Sciomyza) 

reviviBcenB(Sycbnobrocna8)... 

revulauB  (ThnetoBcbiHtus) 

UhepncnriB   

macreacenB 

minima 

praitectuB 

prn'valenfl 

propintiuanB 

libiplpburidai 

RblpiphomB 

geikiei 

Rhyacopbilida)  


Page. 

525 

528 

S20 

528 

.'.27 

620 

528,520 

528 

244,  273 

273, 276 

273,  274 

28, 401 

575 

333 

122 

4.38 

517 

397 

29 

;<42, 400 

137, 139 

02 

557 
607 
508 
508 
508 
250 
441 

256 
146, 154 
154 
146, 154 
600 
500 
219 
266 
556 

674 

354 

3.'>4 

354 

434 

297 

516 

220 

441 

460 

162 

53 

67 

75 

208 

48.70 

418 

542 

208 

4,'i8 

419,  420 

427 

427,  429 

427 

427 

427,  428 

482 

482 

482 

92,177 


Page. 

Rbynohltidie 481 

Kbynchopbora 28 

Kbypiirociiromarla 384 

RbypaiucliromUB  361, 384, 400 

teireuB    361 

verrillii 400 

RbyBBa 30.649 

JiiveniB 609 

R' -inia 278.297 

KIcaniida 2J7 

ricbardauni  (Lyatra) 2<)3 

Ricini 47 

ligea'enB  (HelopborUB) 616 

4  igida  ( yecropaylla) 276 

(Pannrpa)    176 

rigoratuB  (Tel-">BcbiBta8) 466 

rileyi  (Cataneurii) ^ 246 

robnBtuB  (CydamuB) 420 

roBtrata  (Dicranomyia) 671 

i-otiinda  (Pieama) 858 

rotuiidatUH  (Xecygoniu) 348 

rotundipennin  (Apbana) 263 

ruinoAuiii  i.'iaplegma) 292 

nipta  (.Eniiilin)  489 

ruaoelli  (Tyrbula) 222 

Kymoaia 600 

Btrangnlata 590 

Sackenia CM,  699 

arouata 695 

ap 696 

Saiciua   366 

SaldidiB 339,340,341 

!<altiruB 52 

Saltigrada)    48,62 

sancticjobanniB  (ProcorlB)    393 

SapiluuB 491 

saiiBBurei  (Paralatindiu) 216 

Baxatilla  (EpicntruB) 478 

Bcxea  (PImpla) 610 

aaxiullB  (TropiBternnB) 615 

Baxicola  (GyrapbiGua) 509 

aaxiflcus  ( XecrocbromnB) 407 

aaxigrna  (BupreatlB) 494 

aaxosa  (Cicadula). 310 

SbenapbiB 244,250 

laBBa 250,2'>3 

quuBDell 250 

ubleri 250.252 

ScarabaiidiD 27.487 

Scbellcubergia 71 

.Scbizoueura 243 

Sclrzimeurina) 244, 289 

Scbizcinouroules 244, 289 

Bcudderi 209 

Sciara   586 

deper<lita 986 

Bcopuli S88 

ungulata 688 

Sclariiia 688,  .W6 

Kciontyza 543 

(iiBJecta 640 

manca 643 

revelata    M2 

ap 646 

Soiuniyzidii'  642 

Sciopbila 507 

byattll 6«7 

Scolla 30 

Scolopenr'ra 48 

Scolopen  irella M 


I 


INDEX. 


738 


Page. 

Soolopooerni 430 

ScolytldH) 46il 

Scolytiis  nignloaua 460 

acopuli  (Sciara) 588 

Rouilderi  (Sohiznnenrnides)  ....  2(i0 

■cnlptiliB  (XroplHterniiii) SU 

Scntellerlna 436 

Soylltna 226 

nigroranuiolata 220, 224 

8c}'todoida>   40 

■ecenga  (SeKestria) 61 

HecliiHum  (Tberidium) 74 

HHUulorum  (Tanymecng) 475 

Segeatrla 51,60,61 

Buceasa 61 

senoonlata 61 

aelwyni  (r^rvopla) 318 

SemblU 148 

seneola  (Pimpla) 611 

aeneaceuH  (Lonchaja) 530 

senex  (Platyniis) 510 

senilis  (Delphax) 205 

■  (Hettiroiuyza) 547 

aonior  ( Necrooydnnit) 447 

•eparata  (.JUcboa) 144 

aepoaitua  (Carmelus) 364 

aeptua  (Chiroaomos) 578 

aepniobi'i  (Tipula) 578 

sepulta  ( Boletina) 503 

(Biiprastia) 405 

soreaeena  (Encorites) 392 

SfliicoMtoniidaj 92,177 

aetigera  (Litbecphora) 330 

Setodes 101 

abbreviate 101,102 

portioiialis 101 

aexatriatuB  (lieiosus) fii3 

Sialidie 92,148 

Sialina 02,148 

Slalia 152 

Sialium 148 

Sigtt  ..-1 76 

Slgara 343 

silena  (Locuata) 232 

Sllpbido) 28 

almilkanieena  ( Pleciu) .  583 

■Implex  (Monophlebus) 242 

(Spiladoiayia) 673 

(TephraphU) 2.'i0 

Sipbonophoroidea 244, 251, 238 

antiqiia -^5 

propiuqiia 255,  257 

raflneaiiiiei 255, 250 

simplex 2110 

Siayra 147 

Sitodrepa 493 

defuncta 493 

Sitonea  granda^vna 4s\ 

amitbil  (Pronemobius) 238 

soliila  (.^aobDa) 143 

Holidatua  (Necrouyduiis) 447 

aolldesoena  (Didineia) 620 

mimnolenta  (Inocellia) :',7 

HonmurniiR  (CoriiiiB) 431 

miporatus  (Limnoplillua) 103 

Hopnrtt8(Anthonomiis) 472 

Soaybitta 6*2 

dpartocera 4n 

apeluncffi  (Tenor) !>5 

Spermopbagua  vivifloatna 28 

Spheropaooua 117,276 


Page, 

Spheiide 30,620 

SpUadomyla 672 

simplex 673 

apino8a(Palwavelia) .' 349 

spoliate  (Tlpnla) 877 

Spongopbora 204 

aqiuiIideiiK  (Hyliwtea)  468 

staliilitiiH  (LygieliB) 376 

st&li  (Telmatroclmsl 351 

StapliyliuidHi 27,603 

Stepliylinitea 510 

obsoletura 510 

Sieirodnn 227 

Bteneattua  52 

Stenocinclia ,'i63 

anomala 564 

Bp 565 

Stenopamera 384,385 

subterreu 380 

tenebrosa 386 

Stenopuite 437 

ptinctulate 438 

Stenophlobia 125 

<  lenopuda 354 

Su-nopo<iiua 354 

Htenorelia- , 348,340 

nigra 350 

Sterope , 125 

partbenopo 127 

Btigmaticnm  (Ficiu-AHitert) 301 

stigniosa  (Dioraiionij  ia)  568 

Btiria  (Uouaciu) 486 

Btiriacoa  (Oxyporns)  505 

strnngiilato  ( Kymosia) 590 

SIratiomyida,' , 29,686 

Btmtiis  (KvBius) 380 

Btrivte  (Pateoc'hrysa) 166 

•Stridtilantia 230 

Btygialis  (TrnpezonotUB) 306 

fltygius  {JTecrocydnus) 446 

sublerna  <  ApbidopaiH) 261 

siiliterrea  (Stenopnmera) 386 

Bulfocatn  (Cercopis) 319 

SycbnobrocbuB 244,268 

reririBcens 268 

Sympbyla gg 

Synipleote 575 

Sympycna  partbenope  127 

Syp;  ax 5(1 

Syrbula 221 

Syromastea   411 

SyrpUida)  20  557 

«P 602 

Syrpbua 658,550 

sp 550 

SyBielionotus 362 

tebidosa  (Psilote) 661 

tabiduB  (PuccilocapsuB) 368 

tabili<'a(Epbomera)  120 

tebidnuB  (TiromeruB) 402 

Taobina 554 

sp 554 

TaGliiuidiB   634 

Tacbydromidio  (we  expl.  P1.20,  F<^.  0). 

teclte(Analella) 580 

TagatiB   366 

Tagaloden 356 

ioermis   367 

TanymeoiiB 475 

seonlomm 475 


Page. 

Tapbaorta 226 

reliqnate 226 

Tarsophlebia 128 

TaxoniiB 604 

nortoni 604 

tecto  (Tipula) 677 

Tegenaria 63 

TelebaaiB 139 

Teleoscbiatus 453,454 

antiqiiiis 454 

piaoatns 454,457 

rigoratua 454,456 

Telepburidm 28 

tellurls  (Agrion) 140 

telluster  (Inlus) 44 

TelmatreobiiB 351 

parallelus 351, 353 

st&li 351 

tenebricoBiis  (Copbooiria) 391  * 

Tonebrio 483 

molitot 484 

primigeniua 483 

Tenebrionidio 28, 483 

tenebrosa  (Stenopamera) 386 

Tenor 419,425 

spelunca) 425 

Teutbredinida) 31,604 

tennis  (Berosua)  514 

Tepbrapbis 244,238 

simplex 2.50 

walabii    260,260 

Tei-ebrantia    604 

Termea  103,104 

peccana) 104 

priatinna 105 

Terniitina 92,103 

Terniopsis , 104,107 

ternu  (Nysina) 379 

terrentula  (Oliaritea)    203 

torrestris  (CryplobypnuB  407 

(erre  a  (Laahia)  618 

(Lyctocori»' 361 

teiriiiola  (Dladocidia) 598 

terrigena  (Cercyon) 610 

Territeiaria) 48 

terroans  ( Endiagogua)   475 

tertiaria  (Bnpreatis)- 493 

(THtrajtnalba)    77 

tertiarium  (Lahidnromma)..   ..         200 

tertinrina  (Ixmlcs) 47 

(Prouemobius) 235 

teatens  (Neothancs) 536 

Tetbneua 51,76,78 

guyoti 78 

hentzii.  78,80 

obduratus .      78,79 

provectus 78,81 

Totragnatba 51,  52, 76, 77 

tertiaria   77 

Tetragouenra 580 

Tetrix  graoilia 220 

Tettigida)  202 

Tettigidea  graoilia 220 

Tettigouia  302 

bella 303 

obteota 304 

priacomargiuate 302 

priscotinote 302,303 

priacoTariegata 302,303 

Tetyra 435 

Tbalesaa 30 


734 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Thamnotottiz 300 

fundi 30B.310 

gaonetti 30D 

mutUata ;ioB 

Tberkpha  hyoaoiaiui 43;) 

TherapboHOldaj 49, 6*J 

Tkerea go 

Therevldw 20 

Theridides 48, 49, 6u,  70 

Tlieridiuni 51, 62, 70, 71, 73 

grauulatam 73 

hirtufu 73 

opertaneum 73 

qiindrlgnttat  jm 68 

Hucluauni 73,74 

Tliliboroeiius 437,448 

lillioaus 441,,  450 

maccr 449,451 

parvus 448,440 

perennatus 449,450 

pe'rens  448,449 

ThIimiuosuhUtua 453,463 

gruvidatua 403 

Thnetaachiat.ua 45,3, 457 

revulaua 458 

Thomlaidea 48,40,56  ' 

Thonilaua 51,56,57  '■ 

drfosHua 57,59 

diiOuiictus 57,58 

resutua 57 

Thj-elia ,   70,71 

Thjaannra 92,94 

Tinoa (joj 

TiiieidiD 002 

Tineltca   go'.' 

Tlngi.lldio 357 

Tlngia 357 

oardni 357 

TiDodea jgo 

palndigena 190 

Tipnla £76 

decrepita 576 

Hepulchri 578 

apoliata 577 

tecta 677 

Tipullda) 28,568 

TipulidoD  brevipalpi 574  i 

TipuIidiD  longipalpi 575 

Tiromerna 384,401   | 

labifluna 401, 402  i 

torpefaotua 401,402  | 

Tiroachtatua 453,463  i 

indureacAns 46:1 

TItanoBca si, 68  I 


Page. 

TitaiKEoa  heaterna 68,69 

iuganua 6^,69 

inailrigultata 68 

Toinaapia 326 

tari>Bfactua  (Tiromerua) 402 

torpenp  ( Necruoydnua) 445 

turphla  OTaiithaoia) 225 

torponittt  (Calluiiiyia) 655 

'  Tortricidie 29 

I  tranqiiilla  (Knpbidia) 154 

!  traiiarrrsii  (Palaphrodea) 336 

i  Iransveraalis  (Olypta) 613 

Trapazuiiiitua 384,395 

i^xteruiiiintua 39,-) 

atjgialis 395,396 

TrapeziiH 385 

Triliochry«» U7, 166,  lOt 

flnnalu 169,172 

iiif  qualis 169, 170 

vetiiHOula  169, 170 

TnohocM  !i 574 

Trichunta 590 

dawson! 590 

Tricbopt6i-a 92, 170 

Triecphora 315,320 

Tiipouldli 

tiigatlat»(Ch()lula) 

tritavuiu  (Noaodendron) 

trituK  (Xysiua) 

Trortes  

Tronibidido) 

Tropldiichida 

TropiHU^ruua 

biiiotatiia 

iiioxicauua 

aaxialia 

acnlptilla 

Troi 

ouatnleii 

twrrentria 

Truxaliilii-     

Trypoileudt-uu  impreasuni 

Tubitelaris 48,  ( 


234 
389 
499 
379 
117 
47 
278 
514 
515 
514 
615 
514 
487 
487 
487 
220 
470 


tumbiD  (Otlorbyncbua)  . 

tumulata  (TuocelUa) 

tumulla  ( LitkophyHa) . .. . 

Tyrbula 

inultiapinosa. 


477 
158 
566 
221 
221 
rusaelli 221,222 


uhleri  (Nyctophylaz) ... 

(Skenaphis)  

unibratioa  (Boletiua).... 
nmbratilia  (Cercopltea) . 


279 


593 
316 


uiubratom  (Litbagrion). 
unJooIor  (Dyadercua) ... 

(LItbmphora) 

Drooerldra 

Crooteoidie 


vanduieei  (Uorlxa) 

Vaueuldi 

veoula  (Nyahia) 

velatua  (Corymbitea) 

Vella 

currena 

Veliidai 

venerabllo  (Uiaplegma) 

ventrioaa  (Homamgamia) 

verrlllii  (Rbyparncbrumna) ... 

veaperua  ( Procydnua) 

Vespidiu '. 

veatita  (Paniudrita)  

vetemiia  (luiicrllia)  

vuterandu.t  (Pmclloeapaua) ... 

vetoraacpua  (Diaplegma) 

vftf rim  t  M(inaiithla) 

veteiuuaua  (PfBClIootpaiia)  ... 

vetua  (Cainpnnotua)    

retuacula  (Tribochryaa) 

vetuata  (Lithadotl^ripa)  

vetnatua  (Cryptocepbalna)  . . . 

A'Igil  (Xyctopbylax) , 

viuotua  ( N'yaiua) 

vinculata  (Uuaca) 

Yolucella 

vulcaiialia  (Epeira) 

vulcaniuB  (NeonHjjdnua) 


walahii  (Tephraphla) 

wheatleyi  (Cycbrna) 

wbltei  (Locritea) 

wibwDi  (Phnidupaniera).. 
wyoiningenai8(C(Blidia) .. 


Page. 
136 
410 
331 
81 
62 

844 
29 
378 
496 
348 
348 
348 
291 
218 
400 
442 
,>0 
SOI 
156 
366 
290 
359 
367 
019 
170 
372 
481 
.  280 
378 
5,54 
559 
86 
444 

260 
636 
324 
388 
313 


Xenomorpha ;..  566 

Xiphidinm 231 

Xya 234 

Xylota 855 

Xyaticna se,57 


Ypsolophua  .. 
inaignia.. 


Zetobora  

brunneii  .. 

mouaatica . 
Zilla 


602 
602 

217 
217 
217 
70 


